ter to ouerthrow the quietnes of the godly. There in the mean season (as it happened) Haux keping his house at home, had borne vnto him a yong sonne, whose baptisme was differred now to the third weke, for that he suffered hym not to be baptised after the papisticall manner: which thing the aduersaries not able to suffer, laing handes vpō him did bring him to þe Erle of Oxford, there to be reasoned with, as with one not sounde in religion: in that he semed to contemne the sacramentes of the church. The Erle therfore
This sentence marks the beginning of Haukes's own account of his 'private' examinations. In the 1570 edition, Foxe rewrote this material slightly by changing the narrative from the first person to the third.
Most unusually Haukes was formally condemned twice; once on 9 February 1555 and once on 25 May 1555 (See PRO, C/85/127, fos. 4r and 9r). It is probable that Haukes had friends who interceded and tried to secure clemency for him. When this failed, the authorities decided to secure another writ for his execution as a precaution.
[Back to Top]Those also that before his death dyd vse his company more freely (although they wer not a litle confirmed, both by his constancye and talke) yet notwithstanding, they being feared againe with the bitternes of his punishment, priuily desired, that in the mydst of he flame he would shew them some tokē, whereby they might be more certaine, whether that in that kynde of punishment: there wer so great pain and greefe, that a man mighte not keepe hys minde constant therein:
Once again Foxe is concerned to emphasize the stoicism of the protestant martyrs. On the polemical importance of the stoicism of the martyrs see Collinson (1983) and Freeman (1997).
lerably, he should stand quiet: but if it shoulde be tolerable and to be suffered, and by sufferaunce might easely be ouercome by the greater strēgth of constance, and spirite, that then he should lyft vp hys handes aboue his heade towarde the heauen, before hee gaue vp the ghost. Thinges therfore set in this order, and their mindes thus confirmed by this mutuall conuersation, the houre of their martirdom is come. Haukes is brought out to the slaughter house: and straight after to the stake fastened in the ground he is bounde verye straightlye with a chaine, compassing his body: the gentle sacrifice standeth ready to receiue the fire. He standeth so, being compassed about wyth no smal company of worshipfull and other people, vnto whom after hee had spoken manye thinges, but then especiallye vnto the Lorde Riche, reasoninge wyth hym of the innocent bloude of the Saintes, at the length after hys feruent prayers poured out vnto God, the fire was put to him: in the which when he had continued long, and when his breath was taken away by violence of the flame, his skynne with burning as it wer drawen together, his fingers consumed in the fire, and that al men did loke certainly that now he would geue vp the gost, he mindeful of hys promis made, dyd lift vp his hands halfe burned, & burning with heate aboue his head, to the liuing God, & euē in a sodain, and with great reioycing striketh them three tymes together: By which thing, contrary to all mens expectation beyng sene, there followed so great reioycing and crye of the multitude gathered together,
Note the difference between this description in 1563 and in the subsequent editions. This is another example of Foxe toning down his rehetoric in the 1570 edition.
Note the difference between this description in 1563 and in the subsequent editions. This is another example of Foxe toning down his rehetoric in the 1570 edition.
Thus haue I nowe shortlye and briefelye described vnto you the storye of hys lyfe, and of hys death.
The Rerum merely mentions that Wats was executed at Chelmsford on 10June 1555. All the information Foxe printed on Wats appeared in the 1563 edition, although the materials were rearranged in the 1570 edition. The letter to Bonner from the Essex justices, the articles objected against Wats together his answers and the description of Wats's appearances in Consistory court all come from official records, probably a court book, which is now lost. The background on Wats's life, the account of the examination of Wats by Lord Rich and the description of Wats's execution came from oral sources and eyewitness accounts. (The disorder of this material in the 1563edition and its subsequent rearrangement show that this material came to Foxe from different sources). The account of Wats's life and martyrdom was reprinted without alteration in the 1576 and 1583 editions.
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Most of the glosses in this section give brief summaries of the content of the articles against Watts and his answers to them. As is usual, 1563 simply uses marginal numbers to distinguish articles, while later editions use verbal glosses. Foxe in the gloss 'Q. Maryes seruice reproued' interestingly goes out of the way (if one compares it to the text) to make the point that the religious service in question was the queen's. Sir Anthony Browne's turn against his former profession is also highlighted in the margin ('Syr Anthony Browne a Gospeller in K. Edwardes dayes & a persecuter in Queene Maryes dayes'). A reference in 1563 to two who wanted to be burned along with Watts was later dropped, although the piece of text it corresponds to was retained: perhaps Foxe did not want to emphasise a case which could be portrayed as seeking martyrdom.
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