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Thematic Divisions in Book 5
1. Preface to Rubric 2. The Rubric 3. Mary's First Moves 4. The Inhibition5. Bourne's Sermon 6. The True Report7. The Precept to Bonner 8. Anno 15549. From 'The Communication' to 'A Monition' 10. Bonner's Monition11. Mary's Articles for Bonner 12. The Articles 13. From Mary's Proclamation to the 'Stile'14. From the 'Stile' to the 'Communication' 15. The 'Communication' 16. How Thomas Cranmer ... 17. Cranmer18. Ridley 19. Latimer20. Harpsfield's Forme 21. 1563's Disputational Digest22. Political Events up to Suffolk's Death 23. Between Mantell and the Preacher's Declaration 24. The Declaration of Bradford et al 25. May 19 to August 1 26. August 1 - September 3 27. From Bonner's Mandate to Pole's Oration 28. Winchester's Sermon to Bonner's Visitation 29. Pole's Oration 30. From the Supplication to Gardiner's Sermon 31. From Gardiner's Sermon to 1555 32. From the Arrest of Rose to Hooper's Letter 33. Hooper's Answer and Letter 34. To the End of Book X 35. The Martyrdom of Rogers 36. The Martyrdom of Saunders 37. Saunders' Letters 38. Hooper's Martyrdom 39. Hooper's Letters 40. Rowland Taylor's Martyrdom 41. Becket's Image and other events 42. Miles Coverdale and the Denmark Letters 43. Bonner and Reconciliation 44. Robert Farrar's Martyrdom 45. The Martyrdom of Thomas Tomkins 46. The Martyrdom of Rawlins/Rowland White47. The Martyrdom of Higbed and Causton 48. The Martyrdom of William Hunter 49. The Martyrdom of Pigot, Knight and Laurence 50. Judge Hales 51. The Providential Death of the Parson of Arundel 52. The Martyrdom of John Awcocke 53. The Martyrdom of George Marsh 54. The Letters of George Marsh 55. The Martyrdom of William Flower 56. Mary's False Pregnancy57. The Martyrdom of Cardmaker and Warne 58. John Tooly 59. The Examination of Robert Bromley [nb This is part of the Tooly affair]60. Censorship Proclamation 61. The Martyrdom of Thomas Haukes 62. Letters of Haukes 63. The Martyrdom of Thomas Watts 64. Martyrdom of Osmund, Bamford, Osborne and Chamberlain65. The Martyrdom of Ardley and Simpson 66. The Martyrdom of John Bradford 67. Bradford's Letters 68. William Minge 69. The Martyrdom of John Bland 70. The Martyrdom of Frankesh, Middleton and Sheterden 71. Sheterden's Letters 72. Martyrdom of Carver and Launder 73. Martyrdom of Thomas Iveson 74. John Aleworth 75. Martyrdom of James Abbes 76. Martyrdom of Denley, Newman and Pacingham 77. Examinations of Hall, Wade and Polley 78. Richard Hooke 79. Martyrdom of William Coker, et al 80. Martyrdom of George Tankerfield, et al 81. Martyrdom and Letters of Robert Smith 82. Martyrdom of Harwood and Fust 83. Martyrdom of William Haile 84. Examination of John Newman 85. Martyrdom of Robert Samuel 86. George King, Thomas Leyes and John Wade 87. William Andrew 88. William Allen 89. Martyrdom of Thomas Cobb 90. Martyrdom of Roger Coo 91. Martyrdom of Catmer, Streater, Burwood, Brodbridge, Tutty 92. Martyrdom of Hayward and Goreway 93. Martyrdom and Letters of Robert Glover 94. John and William Glover 95. Cornelius Bungey 96. Martyrdom of Wolsey and Pigot 97. Life and Character of Nicholas Ridley 98. Ridley and Latimer's Conference 99. Ridley's Letters 100. Life of Hugh Latimer 101. Latimer's Letters 102. Ridley and Latimer Re-examined and Executed103. More Letters of Ridley 104. Life and Death of Stephen Gardiner 105. Martyrdom of Webb, Roper and Park 106. William Wiseman 107. Examinations and Martyrdom of John Philpot 108. John Went 109. Isobel Foster 110. Joan Lashford 111. Five Canterbury Martyrs 112. Life and Martyrdom of Cranmer 113. Letters of Cranmer 114. Martyrdom of Agnes Potten and Joan Trunchfield 115. Persecution in Salisbury Maundrell, Coberly and Spicer 116. William Tyms, et al 117. The Norfolk Supplication 118. Letters of Tyms 119. John Hullier's Execution120. John Hullier 121. Christopher Lister and five other martyrs 122. Hugh Lauerocke and John Apprice 123. Katherine Hut, Elizabeth Thacknell, et al 124. Martyrdom of John Harpole and Joan Beach 125. Thomas Drury and Thomas Croker 126. Thomas Spicer, John Deny and Edmund Poole 127. Thomas Rede128. Persecution of Winson and Mendlesam 129. William Slech 130. Avington Read, et al 131. Wood and Miles 132. Adherall and Clement 133. A Merchant's Servant Executed at Leicester 134. Thirteen Burnt at Stratford-le-Bow135. Persecution in Lichfield 136. Hunt, Norrice, Parret 137. Martyrdom of Bernard, Lawson and Foster 138. John Careless 139. Letters of John Careless 140. Martyrdom of Julius Palmer 141. Guernsey Martyrdoms 142. Dungate, Foreman and Tree 143. Martyrdom of Joan Waste 144. Three Men of Bristol145. Martyrdom of Edward Sharpe 146. Four Burnt at Mayfield at Sussex 147. John Horne and a woman 148. Northampton Shoemaker 149. Prisoners Starved at Canterbury 150. More Persecution at Lichfield 151. Exhumations of Bucer and Phagius along with Peter Martyr's Wife152. Pole's Visitation Articles for Kent153. Ten Martyrs Burnt at Canterbury154. The 'Bloody Commission'155. Twenty-two Prisoners from Colchester156. Five Burnt at Smithfield157. Stephen Gratwick and others158. Edmund Allen and other martyrs159. Edmund Allen160. Alice Benden and other martyrs161. Richard Woodman and nine other martyrs162. Ambrose163. The Martyrdom of Simon Miller and Elizabeth Cooper164. Rose Allin and nine other Colchester Martyrs165. John Thurston166. Thomas More167. George Eagles168. Richard Crashfield169. Fryer and George Eagles' sister170. John Kurde171. Cicelye Ormes172. Joyce Lewes173. Rafe Allerton and others174. Agnes Bongeor and Margaret Thurston175. Persecution at Lichfield176. Persecution at Chichester177. Thomas Spurdance178. Hallingdale, Sparrow and Gibson179. John Rough and Margaret Mearing180. Cuthbert Simson181. William Nicholl182. Seaman, Carman and Hudson183. Three at Colchester184. A Royal Proclamation185. Roger Holland and other Islington martyrs186. Richard Yeoman187. John Alcocke188. Alcocke's Epistles189. Thomas Benbridge190. Stephen Cotton and other martyrs191. Alexander Gouch and Alice Driver192. Three at Bury193. The Final Five Martyrs194. William Living195. The King's Brief196. William Browne197. Some Persecuted at Suffolk198. Elizabeth Lawson199. Edward Grew200. The Persecuted of Norfolk201. The Persecuted of Essex202. Thomas Bryce203. The Persecuted in Kent204. The Persecuted in Coventry and the Exiles205. Thomas Parkinson206. The Scourged: Introduction207. Richard Wilmot and Thomas Fairfax208. Thomas Greene209. Bartlett Greene and Cotton210. Steven Cotton's Letter211. Scourging of John Milles212. Scourging of Thomas Hinshaw213. Robert Williams214. Bonner's Beating of Boys215. A Beggar of Salisbury216. John Fetty217. James Harris218. Providences: Introduction219. The Miraculously Preserved220. Christenmas and Wattes221. Simon Grinaeus222. John Glover223. Dabney224. Alexander Wimshurst225. Bosom's wife226. The Delivery of Moyse227. Lady Knevet228. Crosman's wife229. Congregation at Stoke in Suffolk230. Congregation of London231. Robert Cole232. Englishmen at Calais233. John Hunt and Richard White234. Punishments of Persecutors235. Tome 6 Life and Preservation of the Lady Elizabeth236. The Westminster Conference237. Nicholas Burton238. Another Martyrdom in Spain239. Baker and Burgate240. Burges and Hoker241. Justice Nine-Holes242. Back to the Appendix notes243. A Poor Woman of Exeter244. Those Burnt at Bristol: extra material245. Priest's Wife of Exeter246. Gertrude Crockhey
Critical Apparatus for this Page
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1231 [1162]

Actes and Monumentes of the church.

ter to ouerthrow the quietnes of the godly. There in the mean season (as it happened) Haux keping his house at home, had borne vnto him a yong sonne, whose baptisme was differred now to the third weke, for that he suffered hym not to be baptised after the papisticall manner: which thing the aduersaries not able to suffer, laing handes vpō him did bring him to þe Erle of Oxford, there to be reasoned with, as with one not sounde in religion: in that he semed to contemne the sacramentes of the church. The Erle therfore  

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This sentence marks the beginning of Haukes's own account of his 'private' examinations. In the 1570 edition, Foxe rewrote this material slightly by changing the narrative from the first person to the third.

sendeth hym to the Byshop of London by messenger, and letters, referring al the cause to hym: who then receiuing him, retained him in hys house a certayne space, and assaing hym by many & sundry communications, whē he saw no hope of ouerthrowing his iudgement, and that he so continued, that he would not consent to any vnhonest condicion, by the which he myghte saue rather his lyfe then hys conscience, but that he would be losed either from those, of whome he was holden, or by theire iudgemēt he would be condemned as wicked, he carieth hym out of hys house to the commen prison, which is called þe porters lodge, wher Hauks continued certayne monethes. At the length in the moneth of Iune,  
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Most unusually Haukes was formally condemned twice; once on 9 February 1555 and once on 25 May 1555 (See PRO, C/85/127, fos. 4r and 9r). It is probable that Haukes had friends who interceded and tried to secure clemency for him. When this failed, the authorities decided to secure another writ for his execution as a precaution.

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he with diuers other receaued the sentence of death, of whom, godwilling, I wyll speake herafter. And he being brought backe into hys country in Essex, at Coxhall by martirdom chaunged his lyfe. His end aboue all other was worthy to be remembred, and worthye a famous martir. The sentence of hys punishment beinge declared and promulged, when he was appointed to be caried out of Londō into Essex, with syxe of his other fellowe prisoners, the Lorde Riche was appointed ruler in that ministerye. Who beyng defended with the power of armed men, and al the woorshipfull of that Shiere beinge called out for his assistaunce, dyd diligentlye procure that busines. Haukes in the meane tyme by the way, & by all meanes, vsed much exhortation to hys frendes, and often tymes also gat oportunitye to talke with them, and to admonish them more familiarlye.

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Those also that before his death dyd vse his company more freely (although they wer not a litle confirmed, both by his constancye and talke) yet notwithstanding, they being feared againe with the bitternes of his punishment, priuily desired, that in the mydst of he flame he would shew them some tokē, whereby they might be more certaine, whether that in that kynde of punishment: there wer so great pain and greefe, that a man mighte not keepe hys minde constant therein:  

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Once again Foxe is concerned to emphasize the stoicism of the protestant martyrs. On the polemical importance of the stoicism of the martyrs see Collinson (1983) and Freeman (1997).

Which thing he promised them to do for their sakes: and so secretly it was agreed amōgest them selues, that if the flame should in strength vexe hym intol-

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lerably, he should stand quiet: but if it shoulde be tolerable and to be suffered, and by sufferaunce might easely be ouercome by the greater strēgth of constance, and spirite, that then he should lyft vp hys handes aboue his heade towarde the heauen, before hee gaue vp the ghost. Thinges therfore set in this order, and their mindes thus confirmed by this mutuall conuersation, the houre of their martirdom is come. Haukes is brought out to the slaughter house: and straight after to the stake fastened in the ground he is bounde verye straightlye with a chaine, compassing his body: the gentle sacrifice standeth ready to receiue the fire. He standeth so, being compassed about wyth no smal company of worshipfull and other people, vnto whom after hee had spoken manye thinges, but then especiallye vnto the Lorde Riche, reasoninge wyth hym of the innocent bloude of the Saintes, at the length after hys feruent prayers poured out vnto God, the fire was put to him: in the which when he had continued long, and when his breath was taken away by violence of the flame, his skynne with burning as it wer drawen together, his fingers consumed in the fire, and that al men did loke certainly that now he would geue vp the gost, he mindeful of hys promis made, dyd lift vp his hands halfe burned, & burning with heate aboue his head, to the liuing God, & euē in a sodain, and with great reioycing striketh them three tymes together: By which thing, contrary to all mens expectation beyng sene, there followed so great reioycing and crye of the multitude gathered together,  

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Note the difference between this description in 1563 and in the subsequent editions. This is another example of Foxe toning down his rehetoric in the 1570 edition.

that you would haue thought heauen & earth to haue com together.  
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Note the difference between this description in 1563 and in the subsequent editions. This is another example of Foxe toning down his rehetoric in the 1570 edition.

But he straight way, as it wer sincking downe into the fyre, gaue vp his spirite, at Coxehal, the. x. of Iune. Anno. 1555.

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Thus haue I nowe shortlye and briefelye described vnto you the storye of hys lyfe, and of hys death.

The hystorye of Thomas VVattes, examined, tryed, and burnt for the truth of the Gospell.  
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The Martyrdom of Thomas Wats

The Rerum merely mentions that Wats was executed at Chelmsford on 10June 1555. All the information Foxe printed on Wats appeared in the 1563 edition, although the materials were rearranged in the 1570 edition. The letter to Bonner from the Essex justices, the articles objected against Wats together his answers and the description of Wats's appearances in Consistory court all come from official records, probably a court book, which is now lost. The background on Wats's life, the account of the examination of Wats by Lord Rich and the description of Wats's execution came from oral sources and eyewitness accounts. (The disorder of this material in the 1563edition and its subsequent rearrangement show that this material came to Foxe from different sources). The account of Wats's life and martyrdom was reprinted without alteration in the 1576 and 1583 editions.

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(*)

 

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Thomas Watts

Most of the glosses in this section give brief summaries of the content of the articles against Watts and his answers to them. As is usual, 1563 simply uses marginal numbers to distinguish articles, while later editions use verbal glosses. Foxe in the gloss 'Q. Maryes seruice reproued' interestingly goes out of the way (if one compares it to the text) to make the point that the religious service in question was the queen's. Sir Anthony Browne's turn against his former profession is also highlighted in the margin ('Syr Anthony Browne a Gospeller in K. Edwardes dayes & a persecuter in Queene Maryes dayes'). A reference in 1563 to two who wanted to be burned along with Watts was later dropped, although the piece of text it corresponds to was retained: perhaps Foxe did not want to emphasise a case which could be portrayed as seeking martyrdom.

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MarginaliaThomas Wattes.THomas Wattes of Billerica, within the Countye of Essex, & of the dioces of London, was brought the. xxvi. day of Aprill before the Lord Rich, & other Commissioners, at Chelmysforde: and there accused for not commyng to the Churche. &c. was from them (as men not meete to meddle with suche hygh matters) sent vp to Edmond Boner, then bishop of London, as appeareth by their letter directed to the sayde Byshop, whych hereafter follow.

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¶ A letter