Marginalia1550.
A blinde similitude of Winchest. confuted.of the kyng, and of the Lordes also, & of the commons: In lyke sort there is no iustification (sayth he) by faith, without hope and charitie do ioyne withall & c. Which lawyers similitude is vtterly vnlyke. MarginaliaGreat diuersitie betwene Christ and an earthly kyng.For Christ sitteth not so in his Church, as a kyng here sitteth in his Realme. A kyng in his Realme sitteth to make lawes by consent, and to maintayne the same by authoritie: Neither doth he constitute a kyngdome so much by the authoritie of his owne person: but rather entreth into a kyngdome which hee findeth, and taketh his authoritie by the lawes and ordinaunces of the same. MarginaliaChristes office not to make lawes, but to redeeme from the lawe.So it is not with Christ: For hee sitteth in the Church not to make lawes, but to helpe and redeme them, whiche be oppressed by the law. Neither taketh hee of his Church either voyce or cōsent to forgeue sinne, neither receaueth he his authoritie of any creature: but onely by the vertue and authoritie of hys person hee erecteth hys Churche, and gouerneth it absolutely by hym selfe, and is not limited by it, neither of it receaueth any authoritie, but gyueth all authoritie to it, bringyng his authoritie with him, and promise of his father, freely by grace to iustifie them that beleue in his name. And therfore this Byshop of Winchester should rather haue made his similitude after the nature of giuyng pardon, then of making lawes. For as a king by his absolute power may pardon a theefe, whom the lawes haue cast, by him selfe without the consent of Lordes, or commons: So fayth in Christ hath power by the promise of God in his worde absolutely and freely to iustifie the repētyng sinner, without either hope or charitie concurrent to that acte of iustification.

Thys Winchester being in the Fleete, as is aboue specified, as he was full of craft and subtiltie, after sundry callings and examinations before the Lord Protector, and sundry other of the kyngs Maiesties Coūsail, MarginaliaWinchest. acknowledgeth the kinges supremacie.at length seemed somwhat to yeld, namelye in acknowledging the kynges supremacie, and that there was no minority in a kyng, but that a kyng of a yeare olde and of. xl.yeare olde, was all of one authoritie and dignitie, and in sundry other things he seemed also to bee of good opinion, MarginaliaWinchest. promiseth to preach.and promised that he woulde openlye by preaching publish hys conscience and learning in those poyntes: MarginaliaWinchest. released out of the Fleete.wherupon for that tyme he was released out of the Fleete, and licenced to go home to hys house, hauing a day to him assigned when he should preach. MarginaliaArticles geuen to Winchest. to preach vpon.Vnto whom the same tyme were delyuered certaine articles which he should intreat of, being also by expresse commaundement inhibited, both by the kynges Maiesties hand, the Lord Protector, and other of the kinges priuy Counsayl, that he should not proceede nor medle in certayne articles, as after shall appeare. But because we purpose to be as short in this troublesome & comberous history as we may: therefore this brieflye is to shew, MarginaliaThe stubborne misdemeanour of Winchester in hys sermon.that as an euyll and stubborne subiecte to hys Prince, when the day and tyme came of hys preaching (following the steppes of Boner) such thinges as he was specally commaunded to entreate of, those he handled eyther coldly and slenderly, or els left them out, as matters forgotten, and spake of them nothing at all. And on the other syde, those that hee was speciallye forbydden and prohibited to meddle wythall, in those dyd he most contemptuously, frowardly, and also vntrulye spend the whole tyme of hys Sermon, the same sermon being made in the kinges presence, and of all hys honorable Counsayle. MarginaliaWinchest. arested by the kinges commaundement.Wherefore the next day after hys sayd sermon, being by the kinges Maiesties commaundement arested by Sir Antony Wingfield, and Syr Rafe Salder knightes, accompanyed wyth a great nomber of the kynges Garde, MarginaliaWinchest. committed to the Tower.he was cōmitted to the Tower of London, from whēce at lēgth he was brought to Lambeth, before the reuerend Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer, and diuers other of the kynges Counsayle: MarginaliaWinchest. brought to examinatiō before the kings Cōmissioners.where agaynst hym were obiected certayne articles, which hereafter follow, wyth hys aunswers made vnto them.

MarginaliaArticles layd agaynst Winchester.¶ Articles and positions ministred and obiected eche of them ioyntly and seuerally to the byshop of Wynchester, as followeth.  

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Stephen Gardiner deprived

The original of the 'Articles and imposicions ministered…' (1563, p.755) can be found in BL Harleian MS 304, no.13, where it is described as 'written for the use of the Right honourable and my singular good lord, my Lord Archbishop of York's Grace '[Robert Holgate]. The remaining proceedings against Gardiner, including the 'sentence definitive' and the 'circumstances of the Counsayles proceedings….(p.766) are taken from a unknown source. They do not appear either in Gardiner's Register (edited for the Canterbury and York Society by H. Chitty, volume 37, 1930) or in Cranmer's register. The accounts of Gardiner's troubles given by James Muller Stephen Gardiner and the Tudor Reaction (London, 1926), pp.161-216; Glyn Redworth (In Defence of the Church Catholic (Oxford, 1990), pp.248-81) and W.K. Jordan Edward VI: The Threshold of Power (London, 1970), pp. 243-5) are based mainly on Foxe. The whole story was drastically reduced in 1576 and 1583.

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David Loades
University of Sheffield

MarginaliaThe 1. Article.
Winchester graunteth to the kinges supremacie.IN primis that the Kinges Maiesty iustly and rightfully is, & by the lawes of God ought to be the supreme head in earth of the Church of England, and also of Irelande, and so is by the Clergye of this realme in theyr connocation and by act of Parlament iustlye and accordyng to the lawes of God recognised.

MarginaliaAunswere.The fyrst article the bishop graunteth.

Marginalia2. Article.
Winchester graunteth to the full authoritie of the king in setting forth lawes.Item, that hys Maiesty as supreame head of the sayd Churches, hath full power and authoritye to make and set forth lawes, Iniunctions, and ordinances, for & concerning religion and orders in the sayd churches for the encrease of vertue, and repressing of all errors, heresies, and other enormities and abuses.

MarginaliaAunswere.To this second article he aunswereth affirmatiuely.

Marginalia3. Article.Item, that all and euery hys graces subiects are boūd by the law of God to obey all his Maiesties said lawes, Iniunctions, and procedinges concerning religion and orders in the sayd church.VVinchester.MarginaliaAunswere.To the third article the sayd bishop aūswereth affirmatiuely, and graunteth it.The article.Marginalia4. Article.
Winchester hath sworne obedience to the kynges supremacie.Item that you Steuen Bishop of Winchester, haue sworen obedience to hys Maiesty as supreme heade of thys church of England and also of Ireland.VVinchester.MarginaliaAunswere.To the fourth article, the sayde bishop aunswereth affirmatiuely, and graunteth it.The article.Marginalia5. Article.Item that all and euerye hys Graces subiectes, that disobey any hys sayd maiesties lawes, Iniunctiōs, ordinances, and procedings already set forth and published, or hereafter to be set forth and published, ought worthely to be punished according to hys Ecclesiasticall law vsed wythin thys hys realme.VVinchester.MarginaliaAunswere.To thys fift article, the sayde bishop aunswereth affirmatiuely, and graunteth it.The article.Marginalia6. Article.
Winchester cōplayned of.Item that you the sayd bishop, as well in the kynges Maiesties late visitation within your dioces, as at sundry tymes haue bene complayned vpon, and sundrye informations made agaynst you for your doinges, sayings, and preachings agaynst sundry Iniunctiōs, orders, and other procedings of his Maiesty, set forth for reformatiō of errours, supersticions, and other abuses in religion.VVinchester.MarginaliaAunswere.This article toucheth other mens factes: who, or how they haue complayned or enformed, I can not thoroughly tell. For at the tyme of the kings Maiesties visitation I was in þ^e Fleete, & the morrowe after twelft day I was deliuered at Hampton Court, my Lorde of Sommerset, and my Lord of Canterburye then being in Counsell wyth many other Counsaylours, and was deliuered by these wordes: MarginaliaWinchester released out of the Fleete by teh kinges generall pardon.The kinges maiestye hath graunted a generall pardon: and by the benefite thereof I was discharged. Whereunto I aunswered, that I was learned neuer to refuse the kinges Maiesties pardon, and in strength as that was: and I would and dyd humbly thanke hys maiestye therefore: MarginaliaThe Article of Iustification put to Winchester.and then they began wyth me in an article of learning touching iustificatiō, wherunto they willed me to say my minde, adding therewith, that because other learned men had agreed to a forme deliuered vnto me, that I should not thinke I could alter it: which I receyued of them, and promised the thursday after to repayre to my Lorde of Sommersets house at Sheene, with my minde writtē: which I dyd, and that day seuen night followyng, appearyng before hym and other of the Counsell, MarginaliaWinchester prisoner in hys owne house.
Winchester denieth to subscribe to the Article of Iustification.was committed to my house for prisoner, because I refused to subscribe to the forme of wordes and sentences that other had agreed vnto (as they sayd.) In whych time