in those so couragious campers, but well was he that first could be gone. And so ceased this tumultuous outrage, without any other partyng, onely throughe the authoritie of the Lord Cromwels name.
MarginaliaA storye betwene the Lord Cromwell & a Ruffin.One example more of the like affinitie cōmeth here in mynde, whiche ought not to be omitted, concernyng a certeine seruyng man of the lyke ruffynly order, who thinking to disceuer hym self frō the common vsage of all other men in straūge newfanglenes of fashions by hym self (as many there be whō nothyng doth please, whiche is dayly sene and receaued) vsed to go with hys heare hangyng about hys eares down vnto hys shoulders, after a straunge monstruous maner counterfetyng belyke the wilde Irishe men, or els Crinitus Ioppas
This note refers to 'crinitus Iopas', the long-haired musician in Virgil's Aeneid [1, 740-747] who plays after a banquet of Trojan and Carthaginian chiefs. It has been suggested that Virgil intended Iopas to be a reference to himself, making an appearance in the text.
MarginaliaThe Ruffin with the long heare.As this ruffyne ruffling thus with his lockes, was walkyng in the streates, as chaunce was, who should meete him but the Lord Cromwell, who beholding the deforme and vnseemely maner of hys disguised goyng, full of much vanitie, & hurtfull example, called þe mā to question with him, whose seruaunt he was, whiche beyng declared, then was it demaūded, whether his master, or any of hys felowes vsed so to go, with such heere about their shoulders as he did, or no? Whiche when he denyed, and was not able to yelde any reason for refuge of that hys monstruous disguysing, at length he fell to thys excuse that he had made a vowe. To this the Lord Cromwell aunswered agayne, that for so much as hee had made hym selfe a votarie, hee woulde not force hym to breake hys vowe, but vntill his vowe should be expired, he should lye the meane tyme in prison, & so sent hym immediatly to þe Marshalsey: where he endured, till at length, this intonsus Cato
Literally 'untrimmed Cato'. This is a reference to Marcus Porcius Cato Uticensis (95-46 BC), a Roman politician notorious for his intransigence and inability to compromise.
MarginaliaFrier Barteley casteth away hys Friers coule.To the lyke exāple also perteineth, that when Frier Bartley after the abolishing of Friers and Monkes woulde needes keepe hys Friers weede still for hys vowes sake, the Lord Cromwell metyng hym in the streate, so handled the Frier, that hee before one of the clocke, the same day, put awaye hys coule and neuer durst were it after.
[Back to Top]If the same Lord Cromwell which could not abyde this seruing man so disfigured in his heare, were now in these our dayes alyue, with þe same authoritie, which thē he had, & saw these new fangled fashions of attire, vsed here amongest vs both of men and women, I suppose verely, that neither these monstruous ruffes, nor these prodigious hose, and prodigall or rather hyperboricall barbarous breeches (whiche seme rather lyke barels, the breeches) would haue any place in England. In which vnmeasurable excesse of vesture, this I haue to maruell: first how these seruing men, which cōmonly haue nothing els but their wages, & that so slender & bare, cā mayntein such sloppes, so huge, & so sūptuous which commonly stand them in more, then their three yeares wages do come vnto. MarginaliaThese monstrous sloppes of Englād lacke a Cromwell. Secōdly I meruell, that their masters and Lordes (who shal yelde to God a counte of their seruauntes doynges) do not searche and trye out their seruauntes walkes, how they come by these expenses, wherewith to vpholde this brauery, seyng their stipēdary wages and all reuenues els they haue, will not extend therunto. Thirdly, this most all is to be marueled, that Magistrates, which haue in their handes the ordering and guiding of good lawes, do not prouide more seuerely for the nedefull reformation of these enormities. But here we may well see, and truly this may say, that England once had a Cromwell.
[Back to Top]Long it were to recite, what innumerable benefites this worthy Counsellour by his prudent pollicie, hys graue authoritie, and perfect zeale wrought & brought to passe in the publicke Realme, and especially in the Church of England: what good orders hee established, what wickednes and vices he suppressed, what corruptions he reformed, what abuses hee brought to light, what crafty iugglyngs, what Idolatrous deceptions, and superstitious illusions hee detected and abolished out of the Churche. MarginaliaDiuers corruptions in the Church detected and refourmed by Cromwell.What posteritie will euer thinke the Churche of the Pope pretendyng such Religion
The remainder of this paragraph contains an abridged version of 'The Phantasie of Idolatry', which was printed in 1563 and then deleted in subsequent editions (This ballad was written by William Gray, a client of Thomas Cromwell. (On Gray's life and career, see E. W. Dormer, Gray of Reading: A Sixteenth-century Controversialist and Ballad Writer [Reading, 1923], pp.17-55). The ballad described cases of 'idolatry' and fraudulent miracles uncovered by Cromwell's commissioners. Verses from the poem were placed on Friar Forest's scaffold. This confirms the official origins and inception.).
[Back to Top]This is a reference to the Rood of Grace at the Cistercian monastery at Boxley, Kent. In February 1538, Cromwell's commissioners discovered mechanical devices in the rood which permitted the eyes of the Christ figure move. Later that month, the rood was displayed at Paul's Cross. The Boxley Rood became a virtual synonym for a fraudulent miracle.
[Back to Top]Cromwell's commissioners found that the relic of the blood of Christ at Hailes Abbey in Gloucestershire was fraudulent. It was denounced and exhibited at Paul's Cross in 1538.
Who would haue iudged, but that þe mayde of Kent had bene an holy woman, MarginaliaThe holy maide of Kent, read before. pag. 1199.and a Prophetesse inspired
This is Elizabeth Barton, who was a Benedictine nun renowned for her sanctity and her prophetic visions. When she began to denounce the validity of Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon, the authorities took a hostile interest in her prophecies. On 23 November 1533, Barton was forced to do penance at Paul's Cross; the proceedings were repeated at Canterbury a fortnight later. She was executed for treason on 20 April 1534.
[Back to Top]What should I speake of Daruell Gatharen
Foxe is deriving this spelling, or rather misspelling, from Hall. The statue was named ‘Dderfel Gadern’ and it was from Llanderfel, a pilgrimage site in North Wales.
This was a famous rood, which stood just outside the walls of Chester, and which was a celebrated place of pilgrimage. It was dismantled on Cromwell's orders.
I.e., the shrine of St. Thomas Becket at Canterbury.
While the Lorde Cromwell was thus blessedly occupyed in profityng the common wealth, and purgyng the Church of Christ, it happened to hym, as commonly it doth to all good men, that where any excellencie of vertue appeareth, there enuye creepeth in: and where true pietie seketh most after Christ, there some persecution foloweth withall.
[Back to Top]Thus (I say) as hee was laboryng in the common wealth, and doyng good to the poore afflicted Saintes, helpyng them out of trouble, the malice of his enemies so wrought, continuallye huntyng for matter agaynst hym, that they neuer ceased, till in the end they by false traynes and crafty surmises, brought hym out of the kynges fauour.
[Back to Top]MarginaliaSte. Gardiner chiefe enemie to the Lorde Cromwell.The chief and principall enemy agaynst hym, was Steuen Gardiner Byshop of Winchester, who euer disdaynyng and enueyng the state and felicitie of the Lord Cromwell, and now takyng hys occasion by the Mariage of Lady Anne of Cleue, MarginaliaRead before pag. 1296.beyng a straunger and forener, put in þe kyngs eares what a perfect thing it were for þe quyet of þe Realme, and establishement of the kinges succession to haue an Englishe Queene and Prince that were mere English: so that in conclusion, the kynges affection, the more it was diminished from the late maryed Anne of Cleue, the lesse fauour hee bare vnto Cromwell
In 1563, Foxe blamed Cromwell's fall on Henry's dissatisfaction with his marriage to Anne of Cleves, which Cromwell had arranged. In these passages, added in 1570, Foxe presents a more sophisticated analysis of Cromwell's fall, emphasizing the role of opposing factions.
Ouer and besides all whiche, it is moreouer supposed, that some parte of displeasure might ryse agaynst hym, by reason of a certayne talke, which happened a a litle before at Lambeth, at what tyme the kyng after the makyng of the vi. Articles, sent þe sayd Lord Crom-