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1414 [1414]

K. Henry. 8. Charterhouse Monkes denying the kinges supremacie.
¶ A note of three Papistes executed the same tyme with Barnes, Hierome, and Garret.

Marginalia3. Papistes executed, Powell, Fetherstone, and Abell.
1541.  

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1540.

THe same tyme and day & in the same place, where and when these three aboue mencioned dyd suffer, three other also were executed, though not for the same cause, but rather the contrarye: for denying the kynges supremacie, whose names were Powell, Fetherstone, and Abell. The which spectacle so happenyng vpon one day, in ij. so contrarye partes or factions, brought the people into a maruelous admiration and doubt of their Religion, whiche part to follow and take: as might so wel happen amongest ignoraunt and simple people, seyng ij. contrary partes so to suffer, the one for Popery, the other agaynst Popery, both at one time. In somuch that a certain straūger beyng there present the same tyme, and seyng three on the one side, & three on þe other side to suffer, sayd in these wordes: MarginaliaThe wordes of a straunger seing both Papistes & Protestantes to suffer.Deus bone quomodo hic viuunt gentes, hic suspēdūtur Papistæ, illic cōburūtur Antipapistæ? But to remoue & take away all doubt hereafter frō þe posteritie, wherby they shall þe lesse maruell how this so happened, here is to be vnderstanded, how the cause therof did rise and procede. Which happened, by reason of a certaine diuision and discorde amongest the kynges Councell, which were so diuided amongest them selues in equall partes, that the one halfe seemed to holde with the one Religion, the other halfe with the contrary.

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The names of whom although it were not necessary to expresse, yet being compelled for the settyng forth of the truth of the story, we haue thought good here to annexe, as the certeintie therof came to our handes.


Prote-
stantes.

MarginaliaThe Coūsaile diuided in religion.Canterbury.
Suffolke.
Vicount Beaw-
champ.
Vicount Lisle.
Russell Treasurer.
Pagyt.
Sadler.
Audeley.

Papi-
stes.

VVynchester.
Duresme.
Norfolke.
Southampton.
Anthony Brovvne.
VVilliam Paulet.
Iohn Baker.
Richard Chaunc. of
the augmentation.
VVingfield Vic. Chaūc.

This diuision and separation of the Councell amongest them selues, caused both these partes aboue mentioned, þe one for one religiō, þe other for an other, to suffer together. For as the one part of the Councell called vpon þe executiō of Barnes, Garret, & Hierome, so þe other part likewyse called vpō the execution of the law vpon Powell, Fetherstone, & Abell. MarginaliaTwo together layde vpon the hyrdle: the one a Papiste the other a Protestant.Which sixe beyng condemned and drawen to the place of executiō, ij. vpon an hyrdle, one beyng a Papist, the other a Protestant, thus after a straunge maner were brought into Smithfield, where all the sayd sixe together for contrary doctrine suffered death, three by the fire for the Gospell, the other three by hangyng, drawyng, and quarteryng for Popery.

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MarginaliaAlane Cope.Allen Cope  

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Nicholas Harpsfield, in his Dialogi Sex contra ... Pseudomartyres (Antwerp, 1566). This section was first introduced in 1570 and remained unchanged thereafter.

in his worshypfull Dialogues, makyng mention of these iij. aforesaid, Powel, Fetherstone, and Abel, amongest other whiche dyed in kyng Henryes dayes in the lyke Popishe quarell, MarginaliaTraytours made martyrs.that is, for the lyke treason agaynst their Prince (beyng in all to the number of 24.) extolleth them not onely in wordes, but with miracles also, vp to the height of heauen, among the crowned Martyrs, & Saintes of God. To þe which Cope because in this hast of story, I haue no laysure at thys present to gyue attendaunce, I shall wayte attendance (þe Lord willing) an other time, to ioine in this issue with hym more at laysure. In þe meane tyme, it shall suffice at this present, to recite the names onely of those 24. rebelles, whom he of hys Popish deuotion so dignifieth with the pretensed title of Martyrs. The names of whiche Monkishe rebelles bee these here folowyng.

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Marginalia14. neyther good Martyrs to God, nor good subiectes to the kyngs.Iohn Houghton.
Robert Laurence.
Aug. Webster.
Reynald of Syon.
Iohn Haile.
Iohn Rochester.
Iac. Wannere.

Iohn Stone.
Iohn Trauerse.
William Horne.
Powell.
Fertherstone.
Abell.

Beside these were other ix. Cartusian Monkes which died in þe prison at Newgate. To the which nūber if ye adde M. More, and the Bishop of Rochester, the summa totalis commeth to 24. whom the said Cope vniustly crowneth for Martyrs. But of these more shall be sayd (the Lord willyng) hereafter.

Thus hauyng discoursed the order of the vj. Articles, with other matter likewise folowyng in the nexte Parlament, concerning the condemnation of the Lord Cromwell, of Doct. Barnes, and his felowes. &c. Let vs now (procedyng further in this hystorie) consider what great disturbance and vexation ensued after the settyng forth of the sayd Articles  

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Persecution for the Six Articles

Foxe's account of the persecution under the Act of Six Articles is immensely valuable, preserving material known through no other source, but it is also vitiated with problems. In 1563, his material on this subject was scattered, scrappy and full of errors. Its main feature is a long and miscellaneous list of names, at 1563, pp. 418-20, which draw from across Henry VIII's reign. Of four more specific cases about which he gives a little more detail (at 1563 pp. 613, 621), one is badly misplaced chronologically, and another confuses the identity of one of the victims.This limited material was entirely rewritten and greatly extended in 1570, and thereafter remained unchanged. Access to the bishop of London's register, to other London diocesan records which no longer survive, and, apparently, to the testimony of jurors involved in trying particular cases, gave Foxe materials for a much more detailed account of persecution in the late 1530s and early 1540s. The main problem with this material, as so often with Foxe, is chronology: dates are confused, separate events are shoehorned together, and (in some cases) errors in 1563 are compounded in an attempt to resolve them.The centrepiece of this account is a list of 196 Londoners arrested for heresy (1570, pp 1376-80; 1576, pp. 1174-7; 1583, pp. 1202-6). On the problems of sourcing and dating this list, see C237/20.Alec Ryrie

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, throughe the whole Realme of Englād, especially amongest the godly sort. MarginaliaGreat distrubance in England after the vj. Articles.Wherin first were to be mencioned the straite and seuere commissions sent forth, by the kynges authoritie, to the Bishops, Chaūcelors, Officials, to Iustices, Maiors, and Baliffes in euery shyre, and other Cōmissioners by name in the same commissions expressed, and amongest other, especially to Edmund Boner Bishop of London, to the Maior, Shriffes, and Aldermen of the same, to enquire diligētly vpon all heretical bookes, and to burne them, also to enquire vppon all such persōs whatsoeuer, culpable or suspected of such felonies, heresies, contemptes, or transgressions, or speakyng any wordes contrary to the foresayd Acte set forth of the vj. Articles. The tenour of which Commissions beyng sufficiently expressed  
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It is possible that Foxe's records did provide evidence of Six Articles commissions beyond London diocese, and no doubt such commissions were issued, but no direct evidence of them survives down to the present, and it is plausible that Foxe's vague and sweeping wording here conceals the fact that he had no direct evidence either.

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in auncient recordes, and in Byshops Registers, MarginaliaRead before pag. 1297.and also partly touched before, pag. 1297. therefore for tediousnes I here omitte, onely shewing forth the commission directed to Edmund Boner Byshop of London, to take þe othe of the Maior of London, and of others, for the execution of the Commission aforesayd. The tenour wherof here foloweth.

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¶ The Commission for takyng the othe of the Maior of London, and others, for the execution of the Acte aforesayd.  
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Taken from the register of Edmund Bonner, bishop of London: Guildhall Library, London, MS 9531/12 fo. 18v.

MarginaliaCommission directed to Edm. Boner Bishop of Lōdon from the kyng.HEnry the eight by the grace of God, kyng of Englād & of Fraunce, defender of the fayth, Lord of Ireland, and in earth supreme head of the Churche of England, vnto the Reuerend father in Christ Edm. Boner Byshop of London, & to his welbeloued the Bishops Chauncellour, health. Know ye that we haue giuen you ioyntly and seuerally power and authoritie to receaue the othes of William Roche Maior of London, Iohn Allen knyght, Raffe Warren knight, Richard Greshā knyght, Roger Chomely knight, sergeant at law, Iohn Gresham, Michael Dormer Archdeacon of London, the Byshops Commissary and Official, Robert Chidley, Gwy Crayford, Edward Hall, Robert Broke, and Iohn Morgan and euery of them our Commissioners for heresies & other offences done within our Citie of London, and Dioces of the same, accordyng to the tenour of a certain schedule hereunto annexed. And therefore we commaunde you, that you receyue the othes aforesaid, and whē you haue receiued them, to certifie vs into our Chauncery vnder your Seales, returning this our writte. T. meipso. at Westminster the 29. of Ianuary in the 32.  

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That is, 29 January 1541. This appears to be the basis for Foxe's misdating of most of the material that follows to 1541.

yeare of our reigne.

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What the othe was of these Commissioners, wherunto they were bounde,MarginaliaRead before pag. 1297. read before, pag. 1297. col. 2.

¶ A note how Boner sat in the Guilde hall in Commission for the. 6. Articles. And of the condemning of Mekins.  
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Foxe's source for this detailed account of Mekins' abortive trial is unclear. The broad outline of events is widely attested, in, for example, Bale, The Epistle exhortatorye, fo. 8v. This circumstantial account, however, appears to come from someone involved in the legal process. One or both of the two jurors who are mentioned by name - W. Robins and Rafe Foxley - may have been Foxe's informants. Robins is likely the same William Robins, mercer, who in 1537 witnessed the will of Humphrey Monmouth, Tyndale's patron. John Strype, Ecclesiastical Memorials, relating chiefly to Religion and the Reformation of it (Oxford, 1822), vol. I/ii p. 374.

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MarginaliaThe story of Rich. Mekins cōdemned by Boner.Vpon this commisson geuen vnto Edmund Boner, hee comming to the Guilde hall with other Commissioners, to sit vpon the statute of the. vj. articles, began eftsones to put in execution his authoritie after a rigorous sort, as ye shall heare. And first he charged certaine Iuries, to take their oth vpon þe statute aforesayd: who being sworne had a day appoynted to geue

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their