MarginaliaAn. 1555. March.sayd Byshop Farrar refused to aunswere, vntill he myght see hys lawfull commissiō and authority. Wherevpon the foresayd pretensed Byshop of Saint Dauies did pronounce him as Contumax, and for the punishment of this his contumacy, to be counted pro confesso, and so did pronounce him in writyng: which being done, he committed the sayd Byshop to the custody of Owen Ioans vntill monday next, being the fourth day of March, thē to be brought a gayne into the same place betwixt one and two.

¶ An other appearaunce of the sayd B. Farrar before Morgan the pretensed B. of S. Dauyes.  

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The accounts of Ferrar's examinations in Carmarthen and the copies of his condemnation and degradation were taken from official records which are now lost. They may well have been sent to Foxe by the person or persons who sent him the records of Ferrar's troubles in Edward VI's reign.

MarginaliaAn other appearaunce of B. Farrar.JTem, the day and place appointed, the sayd Byshop appearyng agayne before the pretēsed Byshop, humbly submittyng him selfe, as ready to aunswere to the Articles and positions aboue mencioned, gently required the copy of the Articles, and a competent terme to be assigned vnto him to aunswere for him selfe: which beyng graunted vnto hym, and Thursday next beyng assigned vnto him betwixt one and three to aunswere precisely & fully, so he was committed agayne to custody, as aboue.

¶ An other appearaunce of the sayd Byshop.  

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The accounts of Ferrar's examinations in Carmarthen and the copies of his condemnation and degradation were taken from official records which are now lost. They may well have been sent to Foxe by the person or persons who sent him the records of Ferrar's troubles in Edward VI's reign.

MarginaliaAn other appearaunce of the said Bish.ON Thursday, as was appointed, which was the 7. of March, the sayd Byshop personally agayne appeared, where he exhibited a certaine Bill in writyng, containyng in it his aunswere vnto certaine Articles obiected and ministred to him before. Then after Henry the pretensed Byshop of S. Dauyes, offered hym agayne the sayd Articles, as before: the tenour wherof tended to this effecte:

MarginaliaArticles agayne ministred against B. Farrar.First, that he willed hym beyng a Priest to abrenonce Matrimony.

Secondly, to graunt the naturall presence of Christ in the Sacramēt vnder the formes of bread and wyne.

Thirdly, that the Masse is a propitiatory sacrifice for the quicke and the dead.

Fourthly, that generall Councels lawfully congregated, neuer did nor can erre.

Fiftly, that men are not iustified before God, by faith onely, but that hope and charitie is also necessarily required to iustification.

Sixtly, that the Catholicke Church which only hath authoritie to expound Scriptures, and to define cōtrouersies of Religion, and to ordeine thinges apperteinyng to publicke discipline, is visible, & like vnto a Citie set vpon the mountaine for all men & vnderstand.

To these Articles thus obiected to him, MarginaliaB. Farrar denieth to subscribe to the Articles.he refused to subscribe, affirmyng that they were inuented and excogitated by mā, and perteine nothyng to the Catholicke fayth. After this the Bishop aboue named, deliuered vnto him the Copy of the Articles, assignyng hym Monday next folowyng to aunswere and subscribe to the same, either affirmatiuely or negatiuely.

¶ An other apperaunce of Bishop Farrar.  

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The accounts of Ferrar's examinations in Carmarthen and the copies of his condemnation and degradation were taken from official records which are now lost. They may well have been sent to Foxe by the person or persons who sent him the records of Ferrar's troubles in Edward VI's reign.

MarginaliaAn other appearaunce or examination of B. Farrar.VPon the which Monday, beyng þ^e 11. day of March he appearyng agayne before the Byshop and the foresayd Notary George Constantine, exhibited in a written paper his minde and aunswere to the foresayd Articles, which the Byshop had twyse now obiected against him before: to the which Articles and aūsweres he did so subscribe, addyng these words, as tenens se de æquitate & iusticia esse Episcopum Meneuēsem, that the Byshop assigned the next Wensday in the fore noone, to here his finall and diffinitiue sentence.

¶ The last appearaunce of Byshop Farrar.  

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The accounts of Ferrar's examinations in Carmarthen and the copies of his condemnation and degradation were taken from official records which are now lost. They may well have been sent to Foxe by the person or persons who sent him the records of Ferrar's troubles in Edward VI's reign.

MarginaliaThe last appearaunce and examination of the blessed B. M. Farrar.THe which day and place the sayd Byshop and true seruaunt of God M. Ferrar, personally there appearyng, was demaunded of Henry the pretensed Byshop of S. Dauyes, whether he would renounce and recant his heresies, schismes, and errours (as he called them) which hetherto he had maintained, & if he would

subscribe to þ^e Catholicke articles, otherwise thē he had done before. After this the sayd godly M. Farrar did exhibite a certaine schedule written in English, and remainyng in the Actes, MarginaliaB. Farrar appealeth from the Bishop of S. Dauids to the Cardinall.appealyng withall by expresse word of mouth from the Byshop, as from an incompetent iudge, to Cardinall Poole. &c.

All which notwithstandyng, the sayd Byshop procedyng in his rage, pronounced the diffinitiue sentence agaynst him, cōteined in writyng & there left in þ^e Actes: by the which Sentence MarginaliaSentence pronounced against B. Farrar.he pronounced him as an hereticke excommunicate, and to be giuen vp forthwith to the secular power, namely to the Shriffe of the towne of Carmarthen, M. Leyson.  

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Notice that in 1563, this is followed by a comment of Ferrar's denouncing vestments. It was probably lost when Foxe replaced the account of Ferrar's execution in 1570.

Moreouer, after this Sentence thus pronounced, he also denoūced agaynst him the sentence of degradatiō, first puttyng vpō him al their Priestly vestures (which M. Ferrar at the same time, openly and publickly called in Englishe ragges and reliques of Rome, as the Register recordeth) and after depriued hym of the same. The copie wherof read before expressed in the story of M. Hoper, pag. 1681.

MarginaliaB. Farrar brought to the place of execution.Thus this godly Bishop  

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This account of Ferrar's execution, replacing the account in the Rerum and 1563, first appeared in 1570. With its specific details, particularly the mention of Richard Jones, it is undoubtedly from an eyewithess.

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Commentary on the Woodcuts     Close

The woodcut illustrating Bishop Farrar's death was changed in 1570 for a block very different from that used in 1563. This earlier image belonged to the group of burnings with very distinct characteristics (skeletal bodies with flames invading them) whose dimensions were difficult to accommodate on the page. Like others of its kind in the first edition (eg William Sawtry, 1563, p. 142) the cut spread into the gutter and the left column of text. This awkwardness doubtless dictated its replacement. The replacement of 1570 came from Reginaldus Gonsalvius Montanus, De heylighe spaensche inquisitie (John Day, 1569), sig. x7v, and thereafter the block (identifiable from the chip on its top left corner) saw multiple use. In 1570, it was repeated seven times, and in 1583, it stood for eight martyrs besides Farrar, between the years 1436 and 1555 (1583, pp. 668, 701, 815, 998, 1030, 1040, 1275, 1682). Further chips on the lower edge in 1576 and 1583 bear witness to this extensive reuse. This woodcut of a martyr chained in flames is typical of many of the Marian martyrs illustrated in 1570, and thereafter, and this example suggests that difficulties of layout may have prompted Day to start working towards a new series, tailored to the page, not long after the appearance of the first edition. (See 1563, pp. 1548-49 (mispagination - pp. 1548-49). This woodcut (Type 1) with its distinctive flares and ionic scrolls of flames belongs to a recognisable family of these small martyr images, but their designers and cutters have not been identified. It may be noted that the speech scroll in 1563, is in italic, unlike that of the companion block in 1563, p. 1603 (the burning of a Norwich man and woman), which is in roman.

Touchyng the which constancy of this blessed Martyr,  

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Once again Foxe is anxious to recount the stoicism of a martyr. On the polemical importance of the stoicism of the martyrs see Collinson (1983) and Freeman (1997).