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PrefaceBook 1Book 2Book 3Book 4Book 5Book 6Book 7Book 8Book 9Book 10Book 11Book 12
Thematic Divisions in Book 11
1. The Martyrdom of Rogers 2. The Martyrdom of Saunders 3. Saunders' Letters 4. Hooper's Martyrdom 5. Hooper's Letters 6. Rowland Taylor's Martyrdom 7. Becket's Image and other events 8. Miles Coverdale and the Denmark Letters 9. Bonner and Reconciliation 10. Judge Hales 11. The Martyrdom of Thomas Tomkins 12. The Martyrdom of William Hunter 13. The Martyrdom of Higbed and Causton 14. The Martyrdom of Pigot, Knight and Laurence 15. Robert Farrar's Martyrdom 16. The Martyrdom of Rawlins/Rowland White17. The Restoration of Abbey Lands and other events in Spring 155518. The Providential Death of the Parson of Arundel 19. The Martyrdom of John Awcocke 20. The Martyrdom of George Marsh 21. The Letters of George Marsh 22. The Martyrdom of William Flower 23. The Martyrdom of Cardmaker and Warne 24. Letters of Warne and Cardmaker 25. The Martyrdom of Ardley and Simpson 26. John Tooly 27. The Examination of Robert Bromley [nb This is part of the Tooly affair]28. The Martyrdom of Thomas Haukes 29. Letters of Haukes 30. The Martyrdom of Thomas Watts 31. Mary's False Pregnancy32. Censorship Proclamation 33. Our Lady' Psalter 34. Martyrdom of Osmund, Bamford, Osborne and Chamberlain35. The Martyrdom of John Bradford 36. Bradford's Letters 37. William Minge 38. James Trevisam 39. The Martyrdom of John Bland 40. The Martyrdom of Frankesh, Middleton and Sheterden 41. Sheterden's Letters 42. Examinations of Hall, Wade and Polley 43. Martyrdom of Christopher Wade 44. Martyrdom of Carver and Launder 45. Martyrdom of Thomas Iveson 46. John Aleworth 47. Martyrdom of James Abbes 48. Martyrdom of Denley, Newman and Pacingham 49. Richard Hooke 50. Martyrdom of William Coker, et al 51. Martyrdom of George Tankerfield, et al 52. Martyrdom and Letters of Robert Smith 53. Martyrdom of Harwood and Fust 54. Martyrdom of William Haile 55. George King, Thomas Leyes and John Wade 56. William Andrew 57. Martyrdom of Robert Samuel 58. Samuel's Letters 59. William Allen 60. Martyrdom of Roger Coo 61. Martyrdom of Thomas Cobb 62. Martyrdom of Catmer, Streater, Burwood, Brodbridge, Tutty 63. Martyrdom of Hayward and Goreway 64. Martyrdom and Letters of Robert Glover 65. Cornelius Bungey 66. John and William Glover 67. Martyrdom of Wolsey and Pigot 68. Life and Character of Nicholas Ridley 69. Ridley's Letters 70. Life of Hugh Latimer 71. Latimer's Letters 72. Ridley and Latimer Re-examined and Executed73. More Letters of Ridley 74. Life and Death of Stephen Gardiner 75. Martyrdom of Webb, Roper and Park 76. William Wiseman 77. James Gore 78. Examinations and Martyrdom of John Philpot 79. Philpot's Letters 80. Martyrdom of Thomas Whittle, Barlett Green, et al 81. Letters of Thomas Wittle 82. Life of Bartlett Green 83. Letters of Bartlett Green 84. Thomas Browne 85. John Tudson 86. John Went 87. Isobel Foster 88. Joan Lashford 89. Five Canterbury Martyrs 90. Life and Martyrdom of Cranmer 91. Letters of Cranmer 92. Martyrdom of Agnes Potten and Joan Trunchfield 93. Persecution in Salisbury Maundrell, Coberly and Spicer 94. William Tyms, et al 95. Letters of Tyms 96. The Norfolk Supplication 97. Martyrdom of John Harpole and Joan Beach 98. John Hullier 99. Hullier's Letters 100. Christopher Lister and five other martyrs 101. Hugh Lauerocke and John Apprice 102. Katherine Hut, Elizabeth Thacknell, et al 103. Thomas Drury and Thomas Croker 104. Thomas Spicer, John Deny and Edmund Poole 105. Persecution of Winson and Mendlesam 106. Gregory Crow 107. William Slech 108. Avington Read, et al 109. Wood and Miles 110. Adherall and Clement 111. A Merchant's Servant Executed at Leicester 112. Thirteen Burnt at Stratford-le-Bow113. Persecution in Lichfield 114. Hunt, Norrice, Parret 115. Martyrdom of Bernard, Lawson and Foster 116. Examinations of John Fortune117. John Careless 118. Letters of John Careless 119. Martyrdom of Julius Palmer 120. Agnes Wardall 121. Peter Moone and his wife 122. Guernsey Martyrdoms 123. Dungate, Foreman and Tree 124. Martyrdom of Thomas More125. Examination of John Jackson126. Examination of John Newman 127. Martyrdom of Joan Waste 128. Martyrdom of Edward Sharpe 129. Four Burnt at Mayfield at Sussex 130. John Horne and a woman 131. William Dangerfield 132. Northampton Shoemaker 133. Prisoners Starved at Canterbury 134. More Persecution at Lichfield
Critical Apparatus for this Page
Latin/Greek TranslationsCommentary on the TextCommentary on the Woodcuts
Names and Places on this Page
Unavailable for this Edition
1907 [1868]

Quene Mary. Persecution in the dioces of Cant. Vj. Martyrs. X. Martyrs of London.
MarginaliaAn. 1555. August.¶ Richard Colliar of Ashford.

MarginaliaRich. Colliar.RIchard Colliar aboue mentioned, hauing the. xvj. day of August to appeare, examined of the sacrament of the popish aultar, aunswered and sayd, MarginaliaThe words of Rich. Colliar.that he dyd not beleue, that after the consecration there is the reall and substantiall body of Christ, but onely breade and wyne,  

Commentary   *   Close

In a marginal gloss, Foxe was careful to 'clarify' Colliar's eucharistic theology, so that Colliar denied transubstantiation but not the sacrament itself.

MarginaliaOnly in the substance he meaneth. and that it is most abominable, most detestable, and most wycked to beleue otherwyse. &c. Vpon this the sentence was read aganyst hym, and hee condemned the xvj. of August.  
Commentary   *   Close

Foxe added this date in the 1570 edition.

After hys condemnation  
Commentary   *   Close

This detail was added in 1570 and probably came from an eyewitness to Colliar's condemnation.

he sang a Psalme. Wherefore the Priestes and theyr officers rayled at hym, saying he was out of hys wits.

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¶ Richard Wright.

MarginaliaRichard Wright.RIchard Wright the same place and day, beyng the xvj. of August appearing, and required of the iudge what he beleued of the reall presence in the sacrament, aunswered agayne, that as touching the sacrament of the altar and þe Masse, MarginaliaRichard Wright ashamed to speake of the Sacrament of the Aultar.he was ashamed to speake of it or to name it, and that he allowed it not, as it was vsed in the church. Against whom þe sentence also was read the day and place aforesayd.

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¶ William Stere.

MarginaliaWilliā Stere, Martyr.WIlliam Stere of the foresayd parish of Ashford, like wyse detected and accused, was brought to appere the sayd. xvj. day of August, where he in the sayd chapterhouse of Cant. being required to make aunswere to the positions layd to hym by the Iudge, made aunswer agayne that he should cōmaund his dogs, and not him: and farther declared,  

Commentary   *   Close

These details of Stere's condemnation were added in 1570 and probably came from an eyewitness to it.

that MarginaliaDicke of Douer: so they termed then Richard Thornton B. of Douer.Dicke of Douer had no authority to sit agaynst him in iudgement, & asked where hys authority was. Who then shewed hym certayne Bulles and writings from Rome, as he said. William Stere denying that to be of sufficiēt force, the said Dick sayd also he had autority from the Queene. Then the Martyr alledging that the bishop of CanterburyMarginaliaHe meaneth D. Cranmer imprisoned then at Oxford. (who then was in pryson) was hys Diocesan, vrged hym to shew his autority from the Archbishop, or els he denied hys autority to be sufficient.  
Commentary   *   Close

Stere is arguing that Thomas Cranmer was the true archbishop of Canterbury and that as such Cranmer alone had the authority to try him.

And as touching the Sacrament of the aultar, he found it not (hee sayd) in the scripture, & therfore he would not aunswer therunto.

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And moreouer, the Iudge speaking of þe sacrament of the aultar with reuerence therof, & putting of his cap, he sayd that he needed not to reuerence that matter so highly. And thus saying to þe iudge that he was a bloudy man. &c. MarginaliaSentence agaynst Williā Stere.the sentēce was pronoūced against him: after which sentēce being read, he sayd that þe sacramēt of þe altar was þe most blasphemous idol that euer was. &c.

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MarginaliaThe Martyrdome of vj. Martyrs, W. Coker, W. Hopper, Henr. Laurence, Rich. Colliar, R. Wright, W. Stere, at Cant. An. 1555. August.The burning of. vj. godly Martyrs in one fire.

woodcut [View a larger version]

Commentary on the Woodcuts   *   Close
The image of six men in one pyre (Type 1), the first small woodcut of a group burning, was to be put to repeated use - not always for this number (see 1583, p. 2039, the seven Smithfield martyrs). This was a block that had been used earlier (backing the title page) in John Day's 1564 edition of Certain most godly, fruitful, and comfortable letters of such true Saintes and holy Martyrs (STC 5886).

And thus these. vj. heauenly Martyrs and wytnes bearers to þe truth, being cōdēned by þe bloudy Suffragan & Archdeacon of Cant. M. Collins & M. Faucet,  

Commentary   *   Close

The names of Collins and Faucet were added in 1570.

were burned altogether in þe same town of Canterb. at. iij. stakes & one fire, about the latter end of August.

The copy of their sentence condemnatory you may finde aboue in the storye of Iohn Rogers, pag. 1661.MarginaliaRead before, pag. 1661. for the Papists in all their condemnations followe one maner of sentence of course commonly agaynst all that bee condemned through their vnmercifull tyranny.

The persecution of. x. Martyrs together sent by certayne of the Counsell to Boner to be examined.  
Commentary   *   Close
The Martyrdom of George Tankerfield and Elizabeth Warne

All that the Rerum says about these martyrs is that George Tankerfield wasexecuted at St Albans in late August 1555 (p. 513). Almost all of the account of these martyrs was first printed in the 1563 edition. The letter from the royal commissioners and the summary of Elizabeth Warne's examinations are taken from London diocesan accounts; the rest of this material came from oral sources. These accounts were unchanged in the 1570 and 1576 editions, but in the 1583 edition a detailed account of Tankerfield's final hours was added for the first time; the accountcertainly came from an eyewitness or eyewitnesses.

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MarginaliaTen Martyrs sēt vp together to Bishop Boner.AFter the burning of these. vj. aboue named, nexte followeth the persecution of. x. other true seruauntes and Saints of the Lord, not such Saintes as þe Pope maketh, or which are mencioned in Legenda sanctorum  

Latin/Greek Translations   *   Close
Book titles
Foxe text Latin

Legenda sanctorum ... vitis patrum ... de vita sanctorum Wallensium. etc.

Foxe text translation

Not translated.

Translation (Wade 2003)

Legends of the saints ... lives of the fathers ... on the life of the Valdensian saints. etc.

or in vitis patrum,  
Latin/Greek Translations   *   Close
Book titles
Foxe text Latin

Legenda sanctorum ... vitis patrum ... de vita sanctorum Wallensium. etc.

Foxe text translation

Not translated.

Translation (Wade 2003)

Legends of the saints ... lives of the fathers ... on the life of the Valdensian saints. etc.

or in the fabulous  
Commentary   *   Close

I.e., full of fables and legends, not factual.

booke de vita sanctorum Wallensium.  
Latin/Greek Translations   *   Close
Book titles
Foxe text Latin

Legenda sanctorum ... vitis patrum ... de vita sanctorum Wallensium. etc.

Foxe text translation

Not translated.

Translation (Wade 2003)

Legends of the saints ... lives of the fathers ... on the life of the Valdensian saints. etc.

&c.  
Commentary   *   Close

These were all medieval collections of saints' lives.

but such as are spoken of in þe holy Apocalyps, of whom it is written: MarginaliaApoc. 22.Hi sunt qui sequuntur Agnum quocunque ierit, quique lauarunt stolas suas in sanguine Agni. i.  
Latin/Greek Translations   *   Close
St. John, Revelation, 7. 14.
Foxe text Latin

Hi sunt qui sequuntur Agnum quocunque ierit, quique lauarunt stolas suas in sanguine Agni.

Foxe text translation

These be they that follow the Lambe whether soeuer he goeth, & which haue washed their stooles in the bloud of the lambe. &c.

Actual text of St. John, Revelation 7, 14: (Vulgate)

hii sunt qui veniunt de tribulatione magna et laverunt stolas suas et dealbaverunt eas in sanguine agni.

[The1570and subsequent texts now have the correct pluralstolas suas]

These be they that follow the Lābe whether soeuer he goeth, & which haue washed their stooles in the bloud of the Lābe. &c. Thus these Saintes be not of þe Popes making, or rather to say þe truth, they are of the Popes making, of the Popes making (I say) in this respect, not that the Saints of God are made by the Pope,MarginaliaSaintes of the Popes making. but that the Saintes of God are tryed and declared by the Pope: so as by afflictions of Sathan Iobes patience was proued, by Pharao Gods power declared, and by Salinator, Tarentum  
Latin/Greek Translations   *   Close
Cicero
Foxe text Latin

Salinator, Tarentum ... Q. Fabius ...

Foxe text translation

Not translated, as all three are proper nouns, but the citation is clear.

Actual text of Cicero De Senectute III-IV, §§ 7 and 10.

7. . . C. Salinator ... 10. Ego Q. Maximum, eum qui Tarentum receipt ...

[The spelling ofSalinatoris corrected in1570and subsequent texts]

 
Commentary   *   Close

Note that this was spelled as 'Salvator' in the 1563 edition, but was corrected in the 1570 edition to 'Salinator'. This is an indication of the thoroughness of the proof-reading of the 1570 edition. The name was misprinted as 'Salmator' in the 1583 edition.

was woon (as Tully  
Commentary   *   Close

Marcus Tullius Cicero (106 - 143 BCE), the Roman orator and writer.

wryteth) for except hee had loste it before, Q. Fabius  
Latin/Greek Translations   *   Close
Cicero
Foxe text Latin

Salinator, Tarentum ... Q. Fabius ...

Foxe text translation

Not translated, as all three are proper nouns, but the citation is clear.

Actual text of Cicero De Senectute III-IV, §§ 7 and 10.

7. . . C. Salinator ... 10. Ego Q. Maximum, eum qui Tarentum receipt ...

[The spelling ofSalinatoris corrected in1570and subsequent texts]

coulde not haue recouered it:  
Commentary   *   Close

Foxe is quoting from Cicero, Cato Maior de Senectute, sections 7 and 11. Marcus Livius Salinator was the Roman governor of the city of Tarentum during the Second Punic War. Salinator held the citadel when the rest of the city was captured by Hannibal. After the Roman consul Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator had recaptured Tarentum in 209 BCE, Salinator was irritated that all of the glory went to Fabius and commented that the city would not have been recaptured if not for him. Fabius responded that this was indeed true, for if Salinator had not lost Tarentum, then he, Fabius, could not have recaptured it. Foxe is saying that the pope similarly created saints, for if there were no persecution, there would be no martyrs.

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so in like maner, vnles by Antichrist good men had ben destroyed, otherwyse they had not ben tryed true Martyrs of CHRIST. The names of these were.MarginaliaTen Martyrs sent by the commissioners.

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Elizabeth VVarne.
George Tankerfield.
Robert Smyth.
Steuen Harwood.
Thomas Fust.
William Hale.
Thomas Leyes.
George King.
Iohn VVade.
Ioane Layshford.

The Prisons of London beginning now to bee replenished with Gods Sainctes, and still moe and moe cōming in, the Counsell and Commissioners thinking to make ready dispatch with the poore prisoners, caused these. x. aboue named to be sent with their letter directed to Boner Bishop of London by hym to be examined, and ryd out of þe way.  

Commentary   *   Close

The privy council was putting pressure on Bonner to speed up the trials of those accused of heresy; this would become particularly clear in the case of John Philpot.

The copy of which their letter, with their names subscribed, here foloweth to be read and noted.

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¶ A Letter sent by the Commissioners to the Byshop of London D. Boner.  
Commentary   *   Close

This letter was almost certainly copied out of a now lost court book of Bishop Bonner.

MarginaliaThe letter of the commissioners to Bishop Boner.AFter our harty commendations to your good Lordship, we send you here Iohn Wade, William Hayle, George King, Thomas Leyes of Thorpe in Essex, Thomas Fust Hosier, Robert Smith painter, Steuen Harwod Bruer, George Tankerfield Cooke, Elizabeth Warne, Ioane Layshford of Lōdon Sacramētaries: all which we desire your Lordship to examine, and to order according to the ecclesiasticall lawes: praying your Lordship to appoint some of your officers to receyue them at this bearers hand. And thus most hartely, fare your Lordship well. From London, this second of Iuly.

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Your Lordships louing friendes.MarginaliaNames of the Commissioners.


Nicholas Hare.
William Roper.
Richard Rede.
William Cooke.

¶ The history of Elizabeth Warne widow, burnt at Stratford Bow.

MarginaliaElizabeth Warne Martyr.NOw seuerally to prosecute the stories of these. x. Martyrs afore named, fyrst we wyll begyn wyth

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