Marginalia1556. May.cession nor be confessed to a Priest.
7. Item, that they affirmed no mortall man to haue in him selfe free will to do good or euill.
For this doctrine and Articles aboue prefixed, these three (as is aforesayd) were condemned by Doct. Dunnyng, and committed to the power secular, Syr Iohn Silliard beyng the same tyme highe Sheriffe of Northfolke and Suffolke. MarginaliaExecution of burning in Northfolke, done without a writte.And the next day folowyng vppon the same, they were all burnt together in the sayd towne of Beckles. Wherupō it is to be thought, that þe writte De comburendo, was not yet come down, nor could not be,
It was illegal to execute prisoners convicted of heresy without a writ from the lord chancellor; if this accusation was true, Silliard and the other authorities were technically guilty of murder. Writs, if they were issued for these three martyrs, do not survive.
In þe meane tyme, while these good men were at the stake, & had prayed, they sayd their beliefe: & when they came to the recityng of þe Catholicke church, Syr Iohn Silliard spake to them. MarginaliaSyr Iohn Silliards wordes.That is well sayd Syrs, quoth he. I am glad to heare you say, you do beleue þe Catholicke Church. That is the best word I heard of you yet.
[Back to Top]To which his sayinges, Edmond Pole aunswered, MarginaliaEdmund Pole refuseth the Popes church.that though they beleue the Catholicke Church, yet do they not beleue in their Popishe Church, which is no part of CHRISTES Catholicke Church, and therfore no part of their belefe.
When they rose from prayer, they all went ioyfully to the stake, and beyng bound thereto, and the fire burnyng about them, they praysed God in such an audible voyce, that it was wonderfull to all those which stoode by and heard them.
Then one Robert Bacon,MarginaliaRobert Bacon an enemy. dwellyng in the sayd Beckles, a very enemy to Gods truth, and a persecutour of his people, beyng there present within hearyng therof, willed the tormentours to throw on Fagots to stop the knaues breathes, as he termed them: so hotte was his burnyng charity. But those good men not regardyng their malice, confessed the truth, and yelded their lyues to the death for the testimony of the same, very gloriously and ioyfully. The which their cōstancy in the like cause, the Lord graunt we may imitate & folow vnto the end, whether it be death or lyfe to glorifie the name of CHRIST, Amen.
[Back to Top]And for asmuch as we haue here entred into þe persecution of Northfolke & Suffolke, it cōmeth therfore to mynd by occasiō hereof, briefly to touch by the way, some part (for the whole matter can not be so exprest as it was done) touchyng the troubles of the Townes of Wynson and Mendlesam in Suffolke, rasied and stirred vp by the sayd Syr Iohn Tyrrell and other Iustices there of the like affinitie.
Note that in the 1563 edition Sir John Silliard was blamed along with Sir John Tyrrel for this persecution, but that Silliard's name was removed in the 1570 edition. Undoubtedly Foxe was pressured to make this deletion by Silliard or by friends or family of the former sheriff.
This account was complete in the 1563 edition and - except for the deletion of Silliard's name - was unchanged. It was certainly based on information relayed to Foxe by informants, although the list of causes for the persecution may be based on an official document; if so, Foxe obviously reworded it.
[Back to Top]BY the procurement of Syr Iohn Tyrrell Knight & other of his Colleagues, MarginaliaPersecutiō at Winson and Mendlesam in Suffolke.there were persecuted out of the Towne of WynsonMarginaliaWynson or Wynston. in Suffolke these persons hereafter folowyng. an. 1556.
Mistres Alyce Twaites Gentlewoman, of the age of
lx. yeares and more, and two of her seruantes.
Humfrey Smith and his wife.
William Katchpoole and his wife.
Iohn Maulyng and his wife.
Nicholas Burlingham and his wife.
And one Rought and his wife.
MarginaliaThe names of good men persecuted in Suffolke Mendlesam.Such as were persecuted & driuen out of the towne of Mendlesam, in the County of Suffolke.
MarginaliaGods people persecuted.
Symon Harlston
Simon Harleston was the brother-in-law of Matthew Parker, who would become the first Elizabethan archbishop of Canterbury. An informer would denounce him to Bishop Bonner as one the leading teachers of heretical doctrine in the Colchester area (1563, p. 1603).
On 8 May 1556, William Whiting recanted, before the chancellor of the diocese of Norwich, his declaration that the sacrament of the altar was an idol (BL, Harley 421, fos. 175r-176v).
Thomas Dobson, the vicar of Orwell, Cambridgeshire, had already been in trouble with the authorities in 1554 for ridiculing the mass (Felicity Heal, 'The Bishops of Ely and their Diocese during the Reformation Period 1515-1600' {Cambridge: 1972], p. 89). Dobson must have fled to Mendlesham after this incident.
[Back to Top]Mother Seaman is Joan Seaman, the mother of William Seaman, a Mendlesham husbandman who was burned on 19 May 1558. Joan Seaman was driven from Mendlesham and forced to sleep in the open countryside.
Besides those that were constrayned to do agaynst their conscience, by the helpe of the Parishe Priest, whose name was Syr Iohn Brodish.
MarginaliaThe faith and doctrine of these confessours.1. FIrst, they did hold and beleue the holy worde of God to be the sufficient doctrine vnto their saluation.
2. Secondly, they denyed the Popes vsurped authoritie, and did hold all that Church of Antichrist to bee CHRISTES aduersaries: & further, refused the abused Sacramētes, defied the Masse and all Popishe seruice and ceremonies, saying they robbed God of his honor, and CHRIST of his death and glory, and would not come at the Church, without it were to the defacing of that they did there.
[Back to Top]3. Thyrdly, they did hold, that the Ministers of the Church, by Gods word might lawfully marry.
4. Fourthly, they held the Queene to be as chief head: and wicked rulers to be a great plague sent of God for sinne. &c.
5. Fiftly, they denyed mans free will, and that the Popes Church did erre, and many other in that point with them, rebukyng their false confidence in workes, and their false trust in mans righteousnes. Also when any rebuked those persecuted for goyng so openly, and talking so freely, their answere was: they knowledged, cōfessed, & beleued, and therfore they must speake: and that their tribulation was Gods good will and prouiuidence, and that his iudgementes were right, to punish them, with other, for their sinnes: and that of very faithfulnes and mercy God had caused them to be troubled: So that one heare of their heades should not perish before the tyme: but all thinges should worke vnto the best, to them that loue God: and that CHRIST IESVS was their lyfe and onely righteousnes: and that onely by faith in him, and for his sake, all good thynges were freely geuen them: also forgiuenes of sinnes, and lyfe euerlastyng. MarginaliaWitnessed by the faithfull report of Suffolke men.
[Back to Top]Many of these persecuted, were of great substance, and had possessions of their owne.
Geue God the prayse.
These stories of providential rescues on the seas first appear in the 1570 edition and were, as Foxe states, sent to the martyrologist by a merchant named Thomas Morse. These stories are wonderful examples of the continuing belief among protestants, as well as catholics, of belief in providence and of direct divine intervention in human affairs. (For a magisterial discussion of this point, see Alexandra Walsham, Divine Providence in Early Modern England [Oxford: 1999]).
[Back to Top]MarginaliaA story of Gregory Crow marueilously preserued vpon the sea, with his new Testament.VPon Thursday after Whitsonday, which was þe 26. day of May, in this present yere. 1556. (or els, as he rather thinketh, in the yeare next before, which was 1555.) a certain poore man, whose name was Gregory Crow, dwelling in Malden, went to the Sea, mynding
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