MarginaliaThe Emperour accused of heresye.before) of heresy: for minishing the autoritie of þ^e Roman see. So this was their heresy at that tyme, not to maintayne þ^e ambitious procedings of þ^e Romish prelate. And symony they called this, to take and enioy any spiritual liuing at a secular mans hand. MarginaliaHildebrand sent in commission for simonye.Wherfore Stephan hearyng this simony to raigne in diuers places, namely in the churches of Burgundy and Italy, sent forth þ^e Cardinal Hildebrande to reforme the matter: who was no lesse earnest in that kynd of commission to helpe the mater forwarde.

In the meane tyme Stephanus the pope, tastyng of Brazutus cup fel sicke. Hildebrand hearyng that, applyeth home w^t all post spede. MarginaliaHildebrand beginneth to sturre.So being returned to Rome, assembleth all the companies and orders of the cleargye together, making them to swere: that they should admit none to be bishop, but which should be appointed by the publike consent of them all together. This beyng done, Hildebrande taketh his iourney to Florence (belyke to fetch the bishop of Florēce) to stall him bishop: The clergy swearing to hym, that no bishop should be ordayned before his returne agayne. But the people of Rome not suffring þ^e electiō to stand so long, after the death of Stephan: MarginaliaBenedictus the x.elected one of their own citie, called Benedictus þ^e tenth. Hildebrand hearyng of this, was not a little offended: wherfore returning to Rome w^t one Gerhardus bishop of Florence, caused the clergy to procede to a newe election, saying: that Benedictus was not lawfully called but came in by force & bribyng. But the cleargy not daring to attempt any new electiō at Rome, went to Sene, & there elected this Gerhardus bishop of Florēce, whom Hildebrande brought with hym. MarginaliaPope Nicolaus the. ii.
Two popes together at Rome.So were. ij. popes in Rome together: But Gerhardus named Nicolaus. ij. holdyng a councel at Sutrium, through the helpe of Duke Godfrid and Guibert, and other bishops about Italy, caused the other pope to be deposed. MarginaliaPope Benet vnpopeth hymself.Benedictus vnderstanding them to be set against him through þ^e means of Hildebrand, vnpoped himself, and went to Velitras, liuing there more quietly then he shoulde haue done at Rome.

MarginaliaThe glose of the popes decrees refuted.Here is to be touched by the way, the error of the glose vpon the. 23. Dist. which falsly alledgeth out of the chronicles, that Benedictus. x. which succeeded Stephā, was deposed: after whom came Ioānes bishop of Sabin for money, & he agayn deposed. Benedictus was thē restored, and after displaced agayne, and then Ioannes archdeacon ad portam latinā was made Pope, & he agayne deposed by the emperour, and all this within one yeare. Which history neyther is found in any Chronicle, nor agreeth vpon any Benedictus: saue onelye that Benedictus. ix. was deposed, and then raygned three Popes together, Benedictus. ix. Siluester. iij. and Gregorius. vj. whyche before was called Ioannes ad portam latinam, whom the emperour deposed (all three together) But that Benedict, neither was the. x. neither did he succede pope Stephan, as the glose recordeth. Nicolas thus beyng set vp without the mynde both of the emperour, and of the people of Rome, after his fellow pope was driuen awaye: brake vp the Sinode of Sutrium, and came to Rome, where he assembled an other councel, called Consilium Lateranum. MarginaliaConcilium Lateranū.
1059.
Distin. 23. Cap. InnoIn which councel first was promulgate the terrible sentence of excommunication, mencioned in the decrees, and beginneth: In nomine domini nostri. &c. The effect whereof is this. First that he after a subtill practise (as farre & as playnly as he durst speake) vndermindeth the Emperours iurisdiction, & transferreth to a few Cardinals, & certaine catholicke persons, the ful authoritie of chusing the pope. MarginaliaA terrible curse of Pope Nicolaus.Secondly, against all such as doo creepe into the seate of Peter, by money or fauour without the full consent of the Cardinals: he thundreth with terrible blastes of excommunication, accursing them and their children, with deuils, as wycked persons to the anger of almyghtie God, geuing also authoritie and power to Cardinals, with the Clergye andlaitye, to depose all such persons, and call a council generall, where soeuer they wyl, agaynst them.

MarginaliaBerengarius driuen to recantation.Item, in the sayd councel of Laterane, vnder Pope Nicolas the second, Berengarius Andegauensis an Archdeacon, was driuē to þ^e recantation of his doctrine, deniing the reall substance of Christes holy body and blood, to be in the sacrament, otherwise then sacramentally & in mistery,

MarginaliaTransubstantiatiō brought into the church.In the same councel also was hatched and inuented, the new found deuise and terme of Transubstantiation.

MarginaliaNauclerus.
Platina.
Eneas Sil.It were to long here to declare the confederacion betwixt this Nicolas, and Robertus Guiscardus: whom this Pope contrary to all right & good lawe displasyng the right heyre, made Duke of Apulia, Calabria, Sicilia, and captayne generall of S. Peters landes: that through his force of armes & violence, he might the better subdue all such as should rebell to his obedience, and so did. MarginaliaPotentia papæ Coactiua standeth not with the Gospell.Nowe let all men iudge & vnderstand (which be godlye wyse) howe this standeth with the doctrine of Christ, the example of Peter, or the spirite of a christen bishop, by outward armes & violence to conquer christē men and countries, vnder the obediēce of a bishops see. Thus Pope Nicolas the second, well answering to hys Greeke name: by might and force continued three yeres and a halfe. Marginalia1062.But at length he met wyth Brazutus cup, and so turned vp his heeles.

MarginaliaHenricus. iiii. Emperour.At the beginning of this Nicolas, or somwhat before about the yeare of our Lord. 1057. Henricus þ^e. 4. after the decease of Henry the third, was made Emperour being yet a childe, & raygned. 50. yeares: but not wythout great molestation, and muche disquietnes, and all through the vngracious wyckednes of Hildebrand, as hereafter (the Lord so permitting) shalbe declared.

Here by the way commeth to be noted an example, wherby all Princes may learne & vnderstande howe the Pope is to be handled, who soeuer looketh to haue anye goodnes at his hād. If a mā stand in feare of his curs, he shalbe made his slaue: but if he be despised of you, ye shal haue him as you list. For the popes curs may wel be assimiled to Domicianus thunder. MarginaliaThe popes curse cōpared to Domicianus thunder.If a man geue eare to the noyse and cracke, it seemeth a terrible thyng: but if ye consider the causes and effect therof, it is a most vain ridicle.

MarginaliaAldred⁹ archb. of Yorke.In the raygne of this Nicolas. an. 1060. Aldredus bishop of Worceter, after the decease of Kinsius his predecessor, should be made Archbishop of Yorke: who comming to Rome with Tostius earle of Northumberlād, for his palle (as the maner was) could not obtayn it, but was depriued of all his dignitie (for some default, I can not tell what) in his answer. And furthermore, after his reuersiō home, was spoyled also of al þ^t he brought with him. Whereupon hee returning agayne to Rome with Tostius the foresayd Earle, there made his complaynt, but could not be heard: MarginaliaTostius howe he perswaded the Pope.tyll Tostius, a man of stout courage, taking the matter in hād, told the pope to his face, that his curs was not to be feared in farre countryes, which his own neighbours, yea & most vile vacabondes derided & despised at home. Wherfore he required the Pope, either to restore Aldredus agayne to his goodes lost, or els it should be knowen, þ^t they were lost through his meanes and subtiltie. And farthermore, it woulde come to passe, that the king of Englande hearing thys, would debarre him of S. Peters tribute, taking it for a great shame to him and his realme, if Aldredus shoulde come from Rome, both depriued of dignitie, and spoiled also of hys goods. &c. In fine, the Pope thus perswaded by the argument of his purs, was content to send home Aldredrus with his palle, according to his request.

After the death of Nicolas, the Lombards being oppressed before by pope Nicolas, and brought vnder fear, were the more desirous, and thought it good, to haue a bishop of their company: & so elected the bishop of Par-