men, MarginaliaCadolus a Lombard made Pope by the Emperour.called Cadolus, to be pope: sending to themperour and desiring his fauour and supportation therein. For the election of the Pope (sayde they) most properlye appertayned vnto hym.

The Emperour wel pleased and content, geueth his good leaue and voyce with all. Hildebrandus, no les a wicked necromancer, then a stout mayntainer of popish liberties against good Emperours, hearing thys: setteth vp by a contrary faction, an other bishop: MarginaliaPope Alexander the ii.Anselmus, after called Alexander the second. Cadolus thus elected by the Emperour and the Cardinals, setteth forward to Rome with a sufficient armye and strength of men. Alexander also no les prepared, ther receiueth him with an other armie, MarginaliaTwo battailes betwixt two Popes, for S. Peters seate.where they had a great conflicte, and many slayne on both sides. But Cadolus, as he had þ^e better cause, so had he þ^e wors fortune: who beyng repelled, yet repared him selfe & came agayne w^t a greater power. Albeit, he preuailed not. Thēperour, seyng this hurly burly: to take vp the matter, sent thither his Embassadour Otho, archbishop of Colen: who comming to Rome, begynneth sharpely to chide the pope, for takyng so vpon hym, without the leaue or knowledge of Themperour: declaryng how þ^e election of that see ought chiefly to apperteine to the right of Themperour, as it hath done for the most part in the tyme of his predecessors tofore. But Hildebrand all set on wickednes and ambitiō, and also puft vp not a litle, with hys late victories: not sufferyng thambassadour to tell to thende, interrupted hym, in the midle of hys tale: affirming, þ^t if they should stand to law and custome, the libertie of that election should rather belong to the clergy, then to themperour. To make short, Otho thambassadour bearyng (by lyke) more with the clergie, then with Themperour, was content to be persuaded: onely required this in Thēperours name, a councel to be had, to decyse the matter: wherat the Emperour should be present himself. And so he was: MarginaliaConcilium Mantuanum.In the whiche councel beyng kept at Mantua. Alexander was declared pope, the other had his pardon graunted. In this councel amongest many other considerations, was cōcluded cōcerning priestes to haue no wiues: such as haue concubines to say no mas: priestes children not to be secluded from holy orders: no benefices to be bought for money. MarginaliaAlleluya suspended in the tyme of Lent.Alleluya to be suspended in tyme of Lent out of the church. &c. MarginaliaA decree that no secular man should geue a spirituall promotion.This also was decreed (which made most for Hildebrandes purpose) that no spirituall man, what so euer he be, should enter in any church, by a secular person: and that the pope should be elected onely by the cardinals. &c. MarginaliaBenno Cardinalis.Benno Cardinalis writeth thus of Alexander, that after he perceaued the fraudes of Hildebrand, and of other Thēperours enemies: and vnderstandyng that he was set vp and inthronised, but onely for a purpose: beyng at his mas, as he was preaching to the people, tolde them, he would not sit in that place, vnles he had the licence of the Emperour. Whiche when Hildebrandus hard, he was stroken in such a fury, that scarslye he could kepe hys hādes of him, while mas was done. After the mas beyng finished, by force of souldiers & strength of men, he had him into a chamber, MarginaliaPope Alexāder knockt aboute the pate by Hildebrand.& there all to bepomilde pope Alexander with his fistes, rating and rebukyng hym, for that he would seke for fauour of the Emperour. Thus Alexander, beyng kept vp in custody, and beyng stinted to a certayn alowance, as about fiue grotes a day: Hildebrand incrocheth all the whole reuenewes of the church to himself, procuryng therby much treasure. At length Alexander, vnder the miserable indurance of Hildebrand, dyed at euen tyde after a xi. yeares and halfe of his popedome. And thus much of Romishe matters.

These things thus discoursed concerning þ^e matters of Rome (now returning agayne to our own country story) the order therof would require to enter agayne into the raygne of William Conquerour, the next kingfolowing in England. But as a certain oration of king Edgarus, which should haue bene placed before, chaunced in the meane time to come to my handes, not vnworthy to be red: I thought by the waye in the ende of thys booke, to inserte the same (although out of order) yet better I iudge it out of order, then out of the booke.

BEcause God hath shewed his great mercy to work with vs: it is meete (most reuerend fathers) that w^t worthy works we should answer his innumerable benefites. For we posses not þ^e land by our own sword, & our own arme hath not saued vs: but his right hand and his holy arme, because he hath bene delited in vs. MarginaliaPsal. 43.Therefore it is meete that we should submit both our selues & our soules to him þ^t hath subiected all these things vnder our gouernmēt: & that we ought stoutly to labour, that they whō he hath made subiect to vs, myght be subiect to his lawes. It belonges to me to rule the lay people with the law of equitie, to do iust iudgement betwixt man & hys neighbour, to punish church robbers, to holde vnder rebels, to deliuer the helples from the hand of the strōger, the needy also and the poore from them that rob them. It belonges also to my care to prouide necessary things to the Ministers of the Churches: to the flockes of the Monkes, to the companies of virgins, & to prouide for their peace and quiet. The examining of al whose manners belongeth vnto vs: whether they lyue chastelye: if they behaue them selues honestly towarde them that be without: whether they bee diligent at Gods seruice: if they be earnest to teache the people: if they be sober in eating and drinking: if they keepe measure in apparel: and if they be descrite in iudgemēt. If ye had regarded these thinges with a tryal of them (O reuerende fathers, by your leaues I speake) suche horrible and abhominable thinges of the Clerkes, shoulde not haue come vnto our eares. I omit to speake how theyr crowne is not brode, nor their roūding cōuenient: the wātonnes in your lyfe, your pride in gesture, the filthines in your woordes, doo declare the euyll of the inward man.

Furthermore, what negligence is in Gods seruice, when scarce they wyll be present at the holy vigils? And when the come to Masse, the seeme rather to be gathered to play and laugh, then to syng I wyll tell that, that good men be sory for, and the euil laugh at. I wil speake with sorrow (if so be I may expres it) howe they be riotous in banckettinges, in chambering, dronkennes, and vnshamefastnes: þ^t now clarkes houses may be thought to be a stues of harlots, and a couent of players. There be dyse, there is daunsing and singing, ther is watching to midnight, with crying and shooting. Thus the goods of kinges, the almes of princes, ye (and that more is) the price of that precious bloud is not estemed. Haue our fathers thē spent their treasures for this purpose? Hath the kinges cofers decayed by taking away many reuenues, for this cause? Hath the kinges liberalitie geuen landes and possessions to Christes churches for this intent, that Clarks harlots should be decked with þ^e same? that riotous feastes might be dressed? that houndes and haukes, and such other toyes might be gotten? The soldiours cry out of these thinges, the people grudge, minstrels sing and daunce, and yet ye regard it not: ye spare it, ye dissemble it. Where is þ^e sword of Leuy, & the zeale of Simeon, which kylled the Sichemites and the Circumsised, MarginaliaGen. 34.which bare the figure of thē that defile Christes Churche wyth filthye deedes, because they abused Iacobs daughter as a harlot? Where is Moses spirite which spared not his owne kinsfolke that woorshipped the heade of the Calfe.MarginaliaExod. 32.Where is Phinies the priestes dagger, which pacified Gods anger by his holy zeale, when he killed hym that plaied the harlot with the Madianite?

MarginaliaNume. 25.Where is Peters spirite, MarginaliaActe. 5. 8.by whose power couetousnes is destroyed, and si-