Thematic Divisions in Book 4
1. Lanfranc2. Gregory VII3. William the Conqueror4. William Rufus5. Henry I6. Stephen and Henry II7. Frederick Barbarossa8. Thomas Becket9. Becket's letters10. Becket's martyrdom and miracles11. Events of 1172-7812. Waldensians13. Other incidents of Henry II's reign14. First year of Richard I's reign15. Strife at Canterbury16. Richard I and Third Crusade17. William Longchamp18. King John19. Henry III's early reign20. Innocent III and mendicant orders21. Papal oppression of the English Church22. Albigensian Crusade23. Hubert de Burgh24. Gregory IX25. Schism between Greek and Latin Church26. Papal exactions from England27. Louis IX on Crusade28. Frederick II29. Opponents of Papacy30. Robert Grosseteste31. Aphorisms of Robert Grosseteste32. Persecution of Jews33. Papal oppression and Alexander IV34. Conflicts in universities and mendicant orders35. Henry III and the barons36. Battle of Lewes37. Battle of Evesham38. End of baronial war39. Ecclesiastical matters and Edward prince of Wales goes on crusade40. Foreign events in Henry III's reign41. First seven years of Edward I's reign42. War with Scotland43. Philip IV and Boniface VIII44. Events of 1305-745. Cassiodorous's letter46. Pierre de Cugniere47. Death of Edward I48. Piers Gaveston49. The Despensers and the death of Edward II50. John XXIII and Clement VI51. Rebellion in Bury St. Edmunds52. Edward III and Scotland53. Edward III and Philip VI54. Edward III and Archbishop Stratford55. Events of 1341-556. Outbreak of the Hundred Years War57. Anti-papal writers58. Quarrel among mendicants and universities59. Table of the Archbishops of Canterbury
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248 [248]

W. Conquerour. Pope Hildebrand W. Conquerour. P. Hildebrand.

but vpon conditions. MarginaliaProud conditions of the pope.First, to promise, that he shalbe cōtent to stand to his arbitrement in the councel, & to take such penance, as he shall enioyn hym: also that he shalbe prest and ready to appeare, in what place or time þe pope shall appointe hym: Moreouer that he beyng content to take the pope iudge of his cause, shall aunswere, in the said councel, to obiections & accusations layd layd against hym,MarginaliaPope both accuser and iudge. and that he shall neuer seke any reuēgemēt herein. Item that he (though he be quit and cleared therin) shall stand to the popes minde and pleasure, whether to haue his kyngdome restored, or to lose it. Finally, that before the triall of his cause he shall neither vse his kingly ornaments, scepters, or crowne, nor to vsurpe the authoritie to gouerne, nor to exacte any othe of allegeance vpon his subiectes. &c. MarginaliaHere the beast of the Apocalips appeareth in hys coulours.These thinges beyng promised to the bishop by an othe, and put in writyng, Themperour is onely relesed of excommunication. The tenor of the writyng is thys.

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¶ The forme and tenor of the othe, whiche Henricus made to the Pope.

I Henricus kyng, after peace and agreement made to the minde and sentence of our Lorde Gregorius vij. promise to kepe all couenantes and bandes betwixt vs: and to prouide þe pope go safely, whether so euer he will without any daūger other to him, or to his retinue. Especially in all such places as be subiect to our impery. Nor that I shall at any time stay or hinder him, but that he may do that belongeth to his function where & when soeuer hys pleasure shalbe. And these thynges I bynde my selfe with an othe to kepe. Actum Conos. 5. calend. Februarij. indic. 15.

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Thus the matter beyng decised betwixt them after the popes owne prescribement: Themperour taketh hys iourny to Papia. The pope wt his cardinals, did vaunce and triumph with no litle pride that they had so quailed Themperour, and brought him on his knees, to aske thē forgeuenes. Yet notwithstandyng mistrustyng them selues, and misdoubtyng time, what might befall them here after: if fortune should turne, and God geue Thēperour to enioy a more quiet kyngdom: therfore to preuent such daūgers betime, they study and consult priuely with thē selues, how to displace Henry cleane from his kingdom. MarginaliaThe craftye conspiracye of the cardinals agaynst the Emperour.And how that deuise might safely be conueyd, they conclude & determine to deriue Thēpire vnto Rodolphus, a man of greate nobiliiie amongst the chiefest states of Germany: and also to incite and stir vp all other princes and subiectes (beyng yet free and discharged from their othes) agaynst Henry: & so by force of armes to expulse Themperour out of hys kyngdome. To bryng this purpose the better to passe, legates wer sent down from the pope. Sigehardus patriarch of Aquilia, and Altimānus bishop of Padway, whiche shoulde perswade throughe all Fraunce, that Henry Themperour was rightfully excōmunicate, and that they should geue to the bishop of Rome their cōsentes, in chusing Rodolphus to be Emperor. This being done, there was sent to þe sayd Rodolph9 duke of Sweuia, a crowne frō the pope with this verse.

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MarginaliaThe verse.Petra dedit Petro, Petrus diadema Rodolpho.
The rocke gaue the crowne to Peter,
Peter geueth it to Rodolph.

MarginaliaThe glose vpon the verse of Hildebrand.Here by the way of digression (to make a litle glose, vpon this barbarous verse) two notable lyes ar to be noted. One, where he lyeth vpon Christ, the other where he lyeth vpon S. Peter. First that Christ gaue any temporall diademe to Peter it is a most manifest lye, & against the scriptures: when as he would not take it, being geuē to him self, and saith his kingdome is not of this world. Againe where he sayth that Peter geueth it to Rodulph: MarginaliaThe pope proued a double lier.Here he plaieth the Poet, for neither had Peter any such thyng to geue, & if he had, yet he would not haue geuen it to Rodulph, from the ryght heyre: neither is it true that Peter did geue it, because Hildebrand gaue it. For it is no good argument, Hildebrād did geue it. Ergo Pe-ter did geue it: except ye will say, Hildebrand stirred vp great warres and bloudshed in Germany, ergo Peter stirred vp great warres in Germany. So Peter neither could, nor would, nor did geue it to Rudolphus, but onely Hildebrād the pope: who after he had so done, he gaue in commaundement to the archbishop of Mentz, and of Colen, to elect this Rodolphus for Emperour, and to annoynt hym kyng, and also to defend hym with all force and strength they might.

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While this conspiracy was in hand, Henricus Thēperour was absent, & the popes ambassadors with hym also. In the meane space Rodolphus was elected Emperour, vnknowyng to Henry. Vpon this commeth the bishop of Strausbourgh, vnto Thēperour, certifiing hym what was done. He suspectyng and seyng the stomakes & doynges of the Saxons so bent against hym: mustreth hys men with expedition, and marcheth forward to defend hys ryght. But first sendeth to Rome (trustyng vpon the league betwixt hym and the pope) and requireth the bishop, to procede with his sentence agaynst Rodulphus, for the rebellious inuasion of his Impery. But the bishop mindyng nothing lesse: MarginaliaThe pope traitour to the Emperour.sendeth worde agayn, not to be right to condemne any person (his cause beyng not hard) thus vnder the pretence of the law, colouryng hys vnlawfull treatory. Henricus thus disapoynted and forsaken on euery side, with his mē about hym, attempteth battail against Rodolphus. In which battaile, a meruelous great slaughter was on both sides, but the victory on neither part certaine. So that both the captaines yet chalēged Thempire. After the battail and great murder on both sides, they sent to Rome both, to know of þe yope his determination: to whether of thē two, he iudged the right title of Thempire to appertaine. The bishop commaundeth them both to breake vp their armies, and depart the field: promising that he shortly will call a councel, where this matter shal be disputed. In the time they should cease from warre. But before the messengers returned agayn (their armies being refreshed) they had an other conflict together, but no victory got on either part. MarginaliaGreat warres styrred vp by the pope.Thus both the captayns beyng weryed in warres: the Romishe beast the byshop whiche was the cause therof, perceyuing whether these cruell warres would tend: to the great calamity not onely of Germany, but also of other nations (trustyng to find an other way to helpe Rodolphus and hys adherentes) sendeth downe a commission by Ottho archbishop of Treuers, Bernardus deacon, and Bernardus abbot of Massilia: to whō he gaue in charge that they should call together a councel or sittyng in Almany, & there to be deffined to whether parte Thēpire should pertayne by most right and publike consideration Promising þt what they should therin determine, he (loking vpon the matter, through the authority of God omnipotent, and of S. Peter, & S. Paul) would ratifie the same. Moreouer for that, no let nor impechment should happen to the legates by the way, he geueth with them letters, to the princes and nations of Germany. Wherof the contents be declared briefly in Platina: If any list to read them.

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But Themperour would not so permit the legates to haue any councel wtin Germany, except they would first depriue Rodolphus of hys kingdome. The legates consideryng that, to be agaynst the drift and intention of the pope, returned agayne from whence they came. The pope hearyng this and seyng hys purpose so disapoynted by the Emperour, draweth out an other excommunication agaynst hym, and agayne deriueth hym of hys kyngdome: sendyng about hys letters excommunicatory, through out all places: thinkyng therby to surther the part of Rodolphus the better. Platina hath in hys booke the whole effect of the writyng, which tendeth after this sorte.

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The
v.iij.