cruelly set vpon him. At the last he came to Douer, and there looked for aide from other quarters, whiche loued him better then did his owne people. And thether to him resorted frō Flaunders, Brabant & Holland, on the one side: & from Guiane, Gascoine, & Poitiers, on the other side: & frō other coūtreies more, a wōderfull number of mē. The report thē went þ^t the pope had written to those countreis, mightly to assist him, for diuers cōsideratiōs: one was for þ^t he had both submitted him self, & his dominiō to his protectiō. An other was, because he had takē on him (a litle before) the liuery of the Crosse, to win agayn Hierusalem. The thirde was, for that he had gotten by him the dominion of England and Ireland, and feared to lose both, if he should chaunce to decay. For the space of iij. monethes he remained in þ^e Isle of Wight, abroad in the ayre, to quiet him selfe for a time from all maner of tumultes: and led there a solitary lyfe, among ryuers and watermen: where as he rather counted to dye thē to lyue, being so trayterously handled of his Byshops and Barons, and not knowyng how to be iustly auenged of them. Vpon the purification day of our Lady therfore, he toke vpon him the crosse or viage against the Turkes for recouery of Hierusalem: moued therunto rather for the doubtes whiche he had of his people, then for any other deuotion els. And thus he said to his familiar seruaūtes: sence I submitted my selfe and my landes, England and Ireland to the churche of Rome (sorowe come to it) neuer thyng proposed with me, but all hath gone agaynst me.

Marginalia1216.In the next yeare after. 1216. was Symon Langton chosen Archbyshop of Yorke: but that election anon after was dissolued: for information was geuen to þ^e pope that the sayd Symon was brother to Steuen, the Archbishop of Canterbury, whiche had been the occasion of all the tumultes, which were that time in England. And the Pope had the more hate vnto hym, for that he had brought him vp of nought, & did finde him at that time so stubburne: MarginaliaVValter Gray Arch. of Yorke.wherfore he placed in his brothers rowme, Walter Gray, the bishop of Winchester.

MarginaliaGualo the popes Legate.In the same yeare, Gualo the popes legate renued his great curse vpon Lewes the French kynges sonne, for vsurping vpon King Iohn. Likewise vpon Symon Lāgton & Geruais Hobruge, for prouoking him to the same, and that with a wōderfull solempnitie: for in that doing he made all the belles to be rong, the candels to be light, the dores to be opened, and the booke of excōmunicatiōs and interdictions publikely to be red: committyng them wholy to the deuill, for their contumacy & contempt. He also commaūded the byshops and curates, to publish it a broad ouer all the whole realm, to þ^e terror of all his subiectes. MarginaliaRadul. Niger cap. 43 44.The sayd Symon and Geruais laughed hym to scorne, and derided much his doinges in that behalf, saying: that for the iust title of Ludowicke, they had appealed to the generall councel at Rome.

MarginaliaThe popes curs laught to scorne.The Magistrates of London and citezins of the same, did lykewise vylipende and disdaynously mocke all that the pope had there commaunded and done. And in spight both of him and his Legate, they kept company with thē that were excommunicate, both at table and at church: shewing them selues therby, as open contempners, both of him & his lawes. Ludowicke at London takyng hym selfe for the Kyng, constituted Symon Langton for hys hygh Chauncellor, and Geruais Hobruge for hys chief preacher. By whose dayly preachinges, as well the Barons as the citezins them selues, beyng both excommunicate, caused all the church dores to be opened: & the seruice to be song, & the sayd Ludowicke was in all points fyt for their handes. MarginaliaPandulph⁹ the popes collector made bish. of Noryge.About this time, was Pandulphus (then Cardinall) collectynge the Peter pence, an olde pillage of the pope: takyng great paines therin. And for his great labours in those affaires of holy church, and for other great miracles besides: he was then made bishop of Norwich, to the augmenting of his dignitie & expenses.

MarginaliaMat Paris
Radul. Niger. ca. 47It chaunced about this time, that the Vicounte of Melun (a very noble man of the realme of Fraunce, whiche came thether with the Prince Ludowicke) to fall deadly sick at London: and also moued of conscience to call certain of the English Barons vnto him (such as were ther appointed to the custory of that citie) sayd vnto them. I lament your sorowfull case, and pitie with my hart the destruction that is comming towardes you & your countrey. MarginaliaThe greate prouidence of God for the helpe of England.The daungerous snares whiche are prepared for your vtter confusion, are hidden from you: ye do not beholde them, but take ye hede of them in time. Prince Ludowick hath sworne a great othe, and xvi. of his Earles and noble men are of counsel with him, that if he obtain the crown of England, he will banish all them from seruice, and depriue them of landes and goodes, as many as he findeth now to go against their liege Kyng, and ar traitours to his noble person. And because ye shall not take this tale for a fable, I assure you on my faith (lying now at the mercy of God) that I was one of thē, whiche was sworne to the same. I haue great cōscience therof, & therfore I geue you this warning. I pitie pore Englād, which hath ben so noble a region, that now it is come to so extreme misery. And when he with teares had lamented it a space, he turned againe vnto them, and sayd: my frends, I counsel you earnestly, to looke to your selues, and to prouide þ^e remedy in time, least it come vpon you vnwares. Your Kyng for a season hath kept you vnder: but if Ludowicke preuaile, he will put you from all. Of two extreme euils, chose the more easie, and kepe that secret whiche I haue tolde you of good will: with that he gaue ouer and departed this life.

When this was once noised among the Barons, they were in great heauines: for they saw them selues bytrapped euerye waye, and to be in exceding great daunger. And this dayly augmented that feare whiche then came vpon the Barons. They were extremely hated of þ^e pope and his legates, and euery weeke came vpon them new execommunications. Daily detriments they had besides: in their possessions and goodes: in their landes & houses: corne and cattel, wiues and children: so that some of thē wer driuē to such nede, þ^t thei wer enforced to seke praies & boties for sustaining their miserable liues. For looke whatsoeuer prince Ludowicke obtained by his wars, either territories or castels: he gaue thē all to his Frēch men (in spight of their heads) and said that they wer but traitors, like as they had warning afore, whiche greued them worst of all. At the last, they perceiuing that in seking to auoid one mischief, they were ready to fall into an other, much worse: they began to lay their heades together, consenting to submit them selues wholy with all humilitie to the mercy of their late soueraigne, and naturall liege Lord, Kyng Ihon. And for þ^t they were somewhat in doubt of their liues for the treason afore cōmitted: many of the frendes of them which were of most credite with him, made suit for them. So were a great number of them pardoned, after instant great sute made for them. I here omit his recouery of Rochester castell and citie, with many other daungerous aduentures against the foresaid Ludowick, both at Lōdon, Yorke, Lincoln, Winchester, Norwich and other places els, as thinges not pertaynyng to my purpose. And now I returne to my matter agayne.

Into Suffolke and Norffolke he consequently iourneyed, with a very strong army of men: and there, with great mischief he afflicted them, because they had geuen place and were sworne to his enemies. After that, he destroyed the Abbeis of Peterborough and Crowland, for the great treasons which they also had wrought against him, and so he departed from thēce to Lincolne shyre.

MarginaliaPope Innocent the iii. dieth.In this yeare, about the xvij. day of Iuly, dyed Pope Innocent the third, and was buried in a citie called Perusium in Italy: where as he had trauailed to make a