bles of Brabant to ayde the emperour. But the princes of Boiemus and Palatinus, beyng dissuaded by the legates vnto whom the Austrians had ioyned thē selues, refused to come to the councell holden at Aegra. And beyng at theyr wits endes not knowing well what they might do: Forsoke at last the emperour, and tooke parte with the pope and the other conspiratours. Then Fridericus Austriacus the emperours second sonne (whom he disherited as ye herd) by the ayde of the Boiors and Bohemians, recouered agayne the dukedomes of Austria & Siria: putting to flight and disconfityng, the emperours bandes and garrisons which he had there. And although the cardinals (especially that honest man Albertus Boiemus) had allured vnto þ^e pope Otho the duke of Boioria as ye herd, and diuers other noblemen of Germanie: MarginaliaThe good byshops of Germany are obedient to their king & prince.yet notwithstanding, certeine bishops in Boioria (as Eberhardus Iuuauensis, and Sigrefridus Seginoburgēsis, being at that time the Emperours chauncelar, Rudigenis Ratheuiensis, Conradus Frisingensis, and others) left not or yet forsoke þ^e Emperour. All which, þ^e foresayd Albertus not onely did excommunicate, but also by proces sought to bryng thē vp to Rome before the pope: Giuyng commaundement to their Collegioners and cloysterers, that they should depriue thē of their offices, and chuse such others in their stedes as would obey the pope. All whiche thynges the Pope vnderstandyng by Albertus, and of this their fidelitie to the Emperour: corroborated and confirmed the same hys doinges, commaundyng them to chuse other byshops in their stedes.

But the bishops & prelates w^t one consent contemning þ^e popes mandates & writtes, and also the curses & threatnings of Albertus: accused, reproued, & greatly blamed hys temeritie and also tyrany which he vsurped against the churches of Germany, and especially agaynst þ^e good Emperour: that wythout his consent he durst be so bold to meddle in churches committed to the emperoures gouernment, agaynst the old and auncient customes: and that he had excommunicated the emperour without iust cause: that he had condemned the emperoures faythfull subiectes, as enemies to the church, for standing w^t theyr liege and soueraigne prince (which allegeance to violat, without horrible iniquity thei might not) & had so sought to disquiet them likewise in their charges & administrations, and had also in that quarell geuen suche defiance to the emperour. MarginaliaThe byshops of Germanie excōmunicate the popes Legate and Cardinall.Thei accused & condemned þ^e same Albertus also, for a most impudēt impostour, & wicked varlet, and for a most pestiferous botche and sore of the Christian common weale: and geue hym to the deuill they do, as a ruinous enemy, as wel of the church as of hys naturall countrey: and further thinke hym worthy to haue his reward, with the rest of the popes pursiuantes beyng þ^e most wycked inuentours and deuisers of mischief that were in all Germania. This done, they make relation hereof to the Emperour by their letters: and further, they aduertise all the princes of Germany (especially those which were of the popes faction or rebellion and were the fauorers of Albertus) that they shoulde take heede (and beware in any case) of his subtile deceptes and pernitious deceauable alluremēts: nor that they should assist the pope for all hys wordes, agaynst the emperour. MarginaliaIuuauensis the byshop, a true subiect to hys prince.And doubtles by the counsel of the hygh prelate or archbyshop of Boioria (whose name was Iuuauensis) & by his industrie and persuasiō: Fridericus Austriacus was agayne reconciled vnto the emperour hys father, from whose ayd & obedience after that (by no promises, threatnings, bribes, nor paines, no nor for the execrable curses of the popes owne holy mouth) he would be induced or remoued. But Albertus prosecuteth still hys purposed mischiefe, alluryng and inciting by all meanes possible (and that not amongest the worst but the best) frendes to the Pope and enemies to the emperour: To some, he gaue their tithes to fyghte against the Emperour, to othersome he gaue the gleebe landes of benefices: and to other some he gaue the spoyle of such colledgies and monasteries as tooke not part wyth the pope: and to some other also, he gane the colledges and monasteries themselues. MarginaliaThe pillage of the pope to maintain the warre agaynst hys lord and maister.And assuredly I fynde by Iohannes Auentinus lib. 7. annalium Boiorum: that there were certayne of the Popes own birdes, that had their ecclesiasticall tythes taken from them: and other some, had the rents and reuenues of theyr colledges pluckt away by force, to the mayntenance of the popes quarell against the emperour. Hereby was there a wyndow opened to doo what thy lysted (euery man according to hys rauenyng and detestable luste) and all things lay open vnto their gredye and insaciable desires. Who listeth to heare more hereof, let hym read Auentinus in hys booke before noted, and there shal he see what vastation grew thereby to the whole state of Germany, who largely entreateth of the same.

While these things were thus in working in Germany: Fridericke leauyng the Lumbardye Actiolinus w^t a great part of hys host (he passyng wyth the rest by Apeninum) came to Hetruria and set the same in a stay, after that he had alayd certaine insurrections there: and from thence to Pysas, where he was with great amitie and honour receiued and welcomed. This citie was alwayes assured and faithfull to the emperoures of Germany. The pope vnderstandyng of the emperours commyng into Hetruria, and knowyng what power themperour had also left in Lumbardie:MarginaliaThe pope besiegeth Ferraria. he w^t a great army besiegeth the citie Ferraria, þ^t alwayes loued þ^e emperor full wel: which citie, when the popes legate had assauted sharply the space of v. monethes & could not winne the same: he deuised with hymselfe to send for Salingwerra out of the towne by way of a parlie, promising his faith & truth to hym for his safe returne. Who, by the persuasion of Hugo Rambartus, that sayde without peryll he myght do the same (beyng but by waye of Parley) was comming to the legate: who preuentyng him in his iorney toke hym as & prisoner, contrary to his truth and fidelitie. And thus gate he Ferraria and delyuered the keping therof to Azones Astensis. And that the popes legat thus falsified his trouth, and circumuented the capitain and olde man Salingwerra:MarginaliaThe fidelitie of papistes learned by thys example. the same is confessed of the popes frendly Historiographers, to be but a Stratagem or warlyke policie. But to returne again: MarginaliaThe Emperours Gallies chafed, and one of his ships taken by the pope.About þ^e same tyme also the Venitian nauy, at the mount Garganum chased xij. galleis of the emperours which were appointed to the kepyng of that coste, and spoyled, brent, & wasted all the region: and farther tooke one of the Emperours great ships beyng driuen by tempest and weather into the hauē Sipontinū, fraught with men & munitiō.

Fridericus againe getting on his side the Lucenses, the Volateranes, the Genenses, the Aretines, and diuers Cities besides in Hetruria to helope that countrey: came to Pisas and Viterbium, whiche tooke part with hym. MarginaliaThe Gibellines and Gwelphes frō whence they came.Some say, that the names & factions of the Gibellines & Guelphes, sprang frō Friderick: that by them he might spie and know (hauing recourse to all the townes and cities in Italie) whiche tooke parte with and fauored the pope, and whiche the Emperour: and called the one by þ^e name of Gibelines, & the other by þ^e name of Guelphes. But for that, both Blondus, & Platina, & some others, bring no sufficient proofe therof but only by slender coniecture, I rather cleaue to þ^e opinion of Nauclerus, Hermanus, Antonius, Florentinus, and other such writers which say: that these Guelphes and Gibellines in Italie, tooke their begynning of Conradus. 3. Fridericus hys great vncle, being Emperour. And that these Guelphes were dedicated to the pope of Guelphus the yonger brother of Henry the prowde: & that those whiche were called Gibellines were appointed either of Conradus hym self or els of hys sonne, being brought vp in the lordship of Vayblingen. But to our purpose.