and wrongfully withholden from him. But the French king againe alledged, saying: that the countrye of Normandy by old time was not geuē away from the crown of Fraunce, but vsurped, and by force extorted by Rolo. &c. In conclusion, the king fearing and suspecting the hartes of his nobles, and looking for none other but for rebellion at home, durst not try wyth them, but was cōpelled to agree with them vpon such peace and condicions as he could get, which was this. MarginaliaWhat ciuile discord worketh.That he shuld haue of the Frenche king xiij. hundreth thousande of Turen poundes, with so much land els, as came to the value of xx. thousand pound in yerely rente: so should he resigne fully and purely to the handes of the Frenche kinge, all suche landes and possessions whiche hee had in Fraunce. MarginaliaResignation of the earledōe of Normādy and Angeow.Wherby the king geuing ouer his stile and titles which he had in those partes, ceased then to bee called Duke of Normandy, or Earle of Angeow.

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Albeit if it be true that Gisburne writeth, the king afterwarde repenting of his deede, did neuer receaue the money in all his life, neither did he cease during his life, to entitle himselfe duke of Normandy. But after hym, his sonne Edward and his successor in their stile left out the title, to be called Duke of Normādy. &c. Ex Gisburn.MarginaliaEx Gualt. Gisburn.

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MarginaliaThe conflicte and skirmishe betwene the Northern Welchmen, & the Southerne men in Oxford.Beside many other matters omitted, here I ouerpas also the sore & vehement conflict, not betwene the Frogs and the Myse which Homer writeth of, but the mighty pitched field fought in the yeare of our Lorde. 1259. betwene the yong students and scholers of the vniuersitye of Oxford,  

hauing no other occasion (as I reade in Mathew Paris) but onely the diuersity of the country wher they were borne. For the Northern men ioyning wyth the welch men, to try their manhoode against the Southern part: fell both partes together in suche a broyle, with their ensignes and warlyke aray, that in conclusion diuers on both sides were slaine. This heauy & bloudy conflict during and increasing among them, the ende was this: that the Northern lads with the Welche had the victory. After that fury and firye fiercenes had done what it coulde, the victorers bethinking at length wyth themselues, partly what they had done, partlye howe it would be taken of the hygher powers: and fearing due punishment to fall vpon them, especially seing the brother of Leoline prince of Wales, and sonne of Giffine, was newly dead in prison, drawing their counsaile and helpes together: they offer to king Henry foure thousād markes, to Edwarde hys sonne three hundreth, and to the quene two hundreth, to be released of their trespas. But the king answering them agayne, that he set more price by the lyfe of one true subiect, then by all which by them was offered: woulde in no wyse receaue their money. And so the studentes wythout hope of peace, went home with small triumphe, learning what the common prouerbe meaneth: Dulce bellum inexpertis. Notwithstāding, the king being then occupied in great affaires and warres, partly with Leoline and the Welchmen, partly inwrapped with discord at home with his nobles: had no leysure to attend to the correction of these vniuersitie men, which was an. 1259. Ex Math. Parisiens. MarginaliaVariance betwene the students and the Friers in Paris. Variaunce betwene the vniuersitie of Oxford and Cambridge. Variannce betwene the Archbishop of Cant. and the chapter of Lincolne.Likewyse concerning the discention folowing the next yere after, in the vniuersity of Paris, betwene the studentes there and the Friers: the number of whom then did so muche encrease, that the commons vnneth was able to sustein them with their almes. Also betwene the vniuersities both of Oxford and Cambridge, for a certaine prisoner taken out of prison by strength, and brought into sanctuary the same yeare, as is testified in Mathew Paris, an. 1259. In like maner, touching the variance betwene the Archbishop of Cant. and the chapter of Lincolne. Agayne, betwene the sayde Archb. of Cant. and chapter & bishop of London: and how the sayd bishop at his consecration would not make his profession to the Arch. but with this exception, saluis iure et libertate ecclesiæ Londi-MarginaliaVariaunce betwene the archb. of Cant. and the chapter of London.
Ex Flor. hist.
Litle peace in the popes church.nens. quæ pro posse meo defendam in omnibus. &c. recorded in Flores. histo. All which wranglinges and dissentions, wyth innumerable other raygnyng daylye in the church at those dayes, if I had so much leasure to prosecute them, as I finde them in stories remaining: myght sufficiently induce vs to vnderstande what small peace and agrement was then ioyned with that doctrine and religion in those dayes, duryng the state and raygne of Antechrist.

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These with many such other matters mo, which here might be discoursed and storied at large, being more foren thē ecclesiastical, for breuity I do purposely contract and omit, cutting of all such superfluities as may seeme more curious to write vpō, then necessary to be knowē.

This that foloweth concerning the pitiful and turbulent cōmotion betwene the king and the nobles, which lasted a long season:  

MarginaliaHistories profitable for exāples.because it is lamentable, and conteineth much fruitful example, both for princes and subiectes to behold and looke vpō, to see what mischiefe and inconuenience groweth in cōmon weales, where studye of mutuall concorde lacketh, that is: where neither the prince regardeth the offending of his subiectes, & where the subiectes forget the office of christian pacience, in suffering their princes iniuries, by Gods wrath inflicted for the sinnes. Wherfore, in explaning the order and story therof, I thought it not vnprofitable to occupy the Reader with a litle more tariaunce in perusing the full discourse of thys so lamentable a matter, and so pernicious to the publicke weale.

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MarginaliaThe occasions of commotion betwene the kyng and the noblesAnd first to declare the occasions and fyrst begynnings of this tumult, here is to be vnderstood, which before was signified: how king Hēry maried with Alinor daughter of the Earle of Prouince, a straunger, which was about the yeare of our Lorde. 1234. Whereupon, a great doore was opened for straungers, not onelye to enter the land, but also to replenishe the court: to whom the king seemed more to incline his fauour, aduaunsing them to more preferment, then his own naturall English Lordes: which thing was to them no litle greuance. Moreouer, before was declared, how the king by Isabel his mother who was a straunger, had diuers brethren: Whom he nourished vp with great lyuinges and possessions, and large pensions of mony, which was an other hartes sore to diuers, and also an hindraunce. Ouer and beside hath also bene declared, what vnreasonable collections of money from tyme to tyme, as quindecims, subsidies, tenthes, mersementes, fines, payments, lones and taxes: haue bene leuied by the king, as wel of the spiritualty, as of the lay sort, partly for mayntayning the kings warres against Wales, agaynst Scotlande, and Fraunce, to recouer Normandy: partly for helping the kings debtes, viagies, and other expenses: partly for the kingdome of Apulia, which was promised the kynges sonne by the Pope: partly for moneyng and supporting the Pope in his warres against the Emperour. By reason of all which sundrye and importable collections, the common wealth of the realme was vtterly excoriate, to the great impouerishment of poore English men. Neyther did it a litle vexe the people to see the king call in so many Legates from Rome euery yeare, which dyd nothing els but transporte the Englishe money vnto the Popes cofers. Beside all this, what variance and altercation hath bene betwene the king and his subiectes about the liberties of Magna charta, and de foresta, graunted by king Iohn, and after confirmed by thys king in the former councell holden at Oxford, hath bene afore declared.

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Perhaps this might be also some peece of a cause, that the king considering and bearing in mynde the olde iniuries done of the Lords and Barons to his father king Iohn before him: dyd beare some grudge therefore, or some priuy hatred vnto the nobilitie, to reuenge his fa-