mother woulde euery mans ryght to be kept vnbroken as well in other, as in her self. Wheras therfore in a generall Parliament called at Lincolne of late by oure most dread Lord Edward by the grace of God the noble king of England: the same our Lord caused certain letters receaued from you to be red openly and to be declared seriously afore vs, about certaine businesses touching the condition and state of the realme of Scotlād: We did not a litle muse and maruaile with our selues hearing the meaninges concerning the same, so wondrous and straunge, as the like we haue not heard at any time before. For we know most holy father, and it is well knowen as well in this realme of England (as also not vnknowen to other persons besides) that from the first beginning of the realme of England: the certayne and directe gouernment of the realme of Scotland in all temporall causes, frō time to time belonged to þ^e kings of the same realme of England, & realme of Scotland: as well in the times both of the Britaines as also Englishmen. Yea rather, the same realme of Scotland of olde tyme was in fee to the auncetours of our foresayd Lordes kings of England, yea and to himself. Furthermore, the kinges of Scottes & the realme haue not been vnder any other then the kings of Englād, & the kyngs of Englād haue answered, or ought to answere for their ryghtes in the foresayd realme, or for any his temporalities afore any iudge ecclesiasticall or secular, by reason of free preheminence of the state of his royall dignitie & custome kept without breach at all tymes. Wherfore, after treatie had and diligent deliberation of the contentes in your foresayd letters, this was the cōmon agreing and consent with one minde, and shall be without fayle in time to come by Gods grace: that our foresayd Lord the king, ought by no meanes to aunswere in iudgement in any case, or shoulde bring hys foresayd rightes into doubt: nor ought not to send any proctors or messengers to your presence: speciallie, seing that the premisses tend manifestly to the disheriting of the ryght of the crowne of England and the playne ouerthrow of the state of the sayd realme, & also hurte of the liberties, customes, and lawes of our fathers: For the keping and defence of which, we are bounde by the duetie of the othe made. And we will maintaine them with all power, and will defend them (by Gods helpe) with all strength. And farther we will not suffer our foresayd Lord the king, to do or by any meanes to attempt the premisses being so vnaccustomed, vnwont, and not heard of afore. Wherfore, we reuerētly and humbly besech your holines, that ye would suffer þ^e same our Lord king of England (who among other princes of the worlde sheweth himself catholike and deuoute to the Romishe church) quietlye to enioy his rightes, liberties, customes, and lawes aforesayd: without all empayring, and trouble, and let them continue vntouched. In witnes wherof we haue set our seales to these presentes, aswell for vs, as for the whole comminaltie of the foresayd Realme of England. Dated at Lincolne in the yeare of our Lorde. 1301. et anno Edwardi primi.

Marginalia1303.
The pope setteth kyng against kyng.The yeare next folowyng, whiche was from Christ, an. 1303. the sayd pope Boniface the eight of that name, taking displeasure with Philip the French kyng: did excite kyng Edward of England, to warre agaynst hym, promising him great ayde therunto. But he (as mine author sayth) litle trustyng the popes false vnstable affection toward him well proued before, put him of with delayes Ex Rob. Auesb. MarginaliaEx Rob. Auesburiensi.Wherupon, the French kyng fearyng þ^e power of kyng Edward, whom the pope had set agaynst his frendship: restored vnto him agayn Wascone, which he wrongfully had in his handes deteined. Concernyng this variance here mentioned betwene the pope and the French kyng, how it began first, and to what end it fell out: the sequell hereof (Christ willing) shall declare, after þ^t first I haue finished the discourse begon betwene England and Scotland.

MarginaliaAn other Scottish rebellion represt.In this yeare. 1303. the foresayde William Waleys, whiche had done so manye displeasures, to the kyng before (continuyng still in his rebellion) gathered great multitudes of Scottes to withstand the kyng: till at lengthe, the yeare following he was taken, and sent vp to London, and there executed for the same. After whiche thynges done, the kyng then held his parliament at Westminster, whether came out of Scotland the bishop of S. Andrewes, Robert Bruse aboue mentioned, earle of Dunbarre, Earle of Atles, and syr Ihon commyng, with diuers other: The which, voluntaryly were sworne to be true to the kyng of England, and to kepe the land of Scotland to his vse against all persons. But shortly after the said Robert Bruse, who as is said maryed the second daughter of earle Dauid, forgetting his othe before made vnto the king: MarginaliaThe pope dispenseth wyth due and true obedience of subiects toward theyr prince.within a yeare or. ij. after this, by the counsell of the Abbot of Stone, and bishop of s. Andrewes: sent vp vnto Pope Clement the fift, for a dispensation of his othe made: insinuatyng to him, that king Edward vexed and greued the realm of Scotland wrongfully. Wherupon the Pope wrote vnto the king, to leaue of such doinges. MarginaliaThe popes inhibition neglected in England.Notwithstanding which inhibition of the Pope, the king prosecuting hys owne right, after he had the vnderstanding of the doinges of the Scots, and of the mischiefe of Robert Bruys (who had slayne with hys own handes syr Iohn Comyng, for not consenting with him and other Lordes at his Parliament) areared his power and strength of men, preparing hymselfe toward Scotland: MarginaliaAn other rebellion of the Scots repressed.where he ioyning with the sayd syr Robert and all the power of Scotlande in a playne neare vnto saint Iohns towne, put him to flight and so chased the Scots, that of them were slayne to the number of. vij. thousand. In the which victory, suche bishoppes and Abbots as were taken, hee sent them to the Pope: the temporall Lordes and other Scots he sent vnto London. &c. MarginaliaThe Scots agayne subdued.Syr Robert Bruys after thys discomfiture, when hee had thus lost both the fielde and chiefe friendes, seing him self not able to make his party good, fled into Norway, where he kept hys abode duryng the tyme whyle kyng Edward lyued. When this noble Edward had thus subdued the Scots, he yelded thankes to God for hys victorye, and so setting the lande in a quyet, and an order, he returned vnto London, which was the xxxv. yeare and last of his raygne. &c.

MarginaliaA greuous variance betwene Philip the Frēch king & pope Boniface.
Pope Nicolas 4.Now returnyng to that which I promised before touchyng the variance and greuous dissention betwen Philip the Frēch kyng, and pope Boniface the eight of that name. MarginaliaPopedom vacant ii. yeares.After the bishoprike of Rome had been long voyde through the dissension of the Cardinals, for the space of ij. yeares & iij. monethes: MarginaliaPope Celestinus. v.at length, pope Celestinus was chosen, successor to pope Nicolas the fourth. Which Celestinus in his first consistorie, began to reforme the clergie of Rome, thinking to make it an example to all other churches. MarginaliaCrafty iuglyng amōg popes and cardinals.Wherfore, he procured to him self such hatred among his clergiemen, that this Boniface, then called Benedictus, speakyng through a read by hys chamber walle nightlye admonished hym, as it had been a voyce from heauen, that he should geue ouer hys papacie, as beyng a burden bygger then he could wilde. Ex Masseo. MarginaliaEx Massæo.This pope Celestine after he had set vi. monethes, by the trechery and falsehold of this Boniface, was induced to geue vp and resigne his bishoprike, partly for the voyce spoken of before, partly for feare: beyng told of certaine craftely subornated in his chamber, that if he dyd not resigne, he shoulde lose his lyfe. Who then after hys resignation goyng to lyue in some solitarie desert (beyng a simple man) was viley taken, and thrust in perpetuall prison by Pope Boniface: craftelye pretendyng that he did it not for any hatred vnto Celestine, but that seditious persons might haue hym as their head, to raise vp some stirre in the churche. And so was brought to hys