fore. What do you aunswere to this article?

MarginaliaConfessionAlso the holy churche hath determined that euery christiā dwellyng vpon earth ought to confes his sinnes vnto a priest ordeined by the Churche, if he may come vnto hym. How thinke you by this article?

MarginaliaThe popes supremacy.Christ ordained S. Peter his vicare in earth, whose seat is the churche of Rome, geuyng and grauntyng the same authoritie which he gaue vnto Peter, also to his successours which are now called popes of Rome, in whose power it is to institute and ordain prelates in particuler churches. As Archbyshops, Byshops curates, and other Ecclesiasticall orders, vnto whom the Christian people ought obedience accordyng to the tradition of the church of Rome. This is the determination of the holy churche.

What thinke you by this article?

MarginaliaPilgrimageBesides thys the holy churche hath determined that it is necessary for euery christian to go on pilgrimage to holy places and there specially to worship the holy reliques of the Apostles, martyrs, cōfessors and all saintes, whosoeuer the church of Rome hath allowed. What thinke you of this article?

MarginaliaConuenerunt in vnum aduersus dominum & Christum eius.
Psal. 2.Vpon which Monday the xxv. day of the sayd moneth of Septēber before vs and our felow brethren aforesayd hauyng also taken vnto vs our reuerend brother, Benedict by the grace of God, bishop of Bangor, and by our cōmaundement our councellers and ministers, maister Hēry Ware officiall of our court of Cāterbury, Philip Morgan doctor of both lawes, Howell Kyffin doctour of the decretals, Ihon Kempe, and William Carlton doctours of law, Ihon Witnā, Thomas Palmer, Robert Wombewell, Ihon Whitheand, Robert Chamberlain, Richarde Dotington, and Thomas Walden professours of diuinity. And also Iames Cole, and Ihon Steuens our notaries appointed on this behalfe. They all and euery one beyng sworne vpon the holy gospell of God, laying their hands vpon the booke that they should geue their faythfull counsel in, and vpon the matter aforesayd, and in euery such cause, and to the whole worlde. By and by appeared syr Robert Morlay knyght, lieuetenaūt of the tower of London, and brought with hym the foresayd syr Ihon Oldcastel setting him before vs. Vnto whom we gently and familiarly rehersed the actes of the day before passed. And as before we told hym that he both is and was excōmunicate, requiryng & intreating him that he would desyre and receyue in due forme the absolutiō of the church. Vnto whō the sayd syr Ihon then and there playnly answered, that in thys behalfe he would require no absolution at our hands but onely of God. Then afterward by gentle and softe meanes we desired and required hym to make a playn answere vnto the articles which were laid agaynst him. And first of all, as touchyng the Sacrament of the aultar. MarginaliaThe sacrament both bodye and bread in diuers respectes.To the whiche article besides other thyngs he answered and said thus: That as Christ beyng here in earth had in him both Godhead and manhode. Notwithstandyng the Godhead was couered and inuisible vnder the humanitie, the whiche was manifest & visible in him: so lykewise in the Sacramēt of the aultar, there is the very body and very bread, bread which we do see, the body of Christ hiddē vnder the same, which we do not see. And plainly denied that the faith as touchyng the said Sacrament determined by the Romish churche & holy doctors & sent vnto him by vs in the sayd schedule, to be the determination of the holy churche. But if it be the determination of the church, he sayd that it was done cōtrary vnto the scriptures, after the church was endowed, and that poyson was poured into the church, & not afore. MarginaliaHow confession is to be alowed.Also as touchyng the Sacrament of penaūce & confessiō he playnly sayd & affirmed thē & there: that if any mā were in any greuous sinne, out of the which he knew not how to rise, it were expediēt and good for him to go vnto some holye & discrete priest to take coūcel of hym. But that he should confesse hys sinne to any proper priest, or to any other, although he might haue the vse of hym, it is not necessary to saluation, for so much as by onely cōtrition, such sinne can be wyped away, and the synner him selfe purged. As cōcernyng the worshippyng of the cros, he sayd and affirmed that the onely body of Christ which did hange vpon the cros is to be worshypped. For so much as that body alone was and is the cros, which is to be worshypped.

MarginaliaWhat honour is to be done to the crosse.And beyng demaunded what honor he would do vnto the Image of the cros. He aunswered by expres wordes that he would only do it that honor that he would make it cleane and lay it vp safe. As touchyng the power & authoritie of the keyes, the Archbishops, Byshops, & other prelates, he sayd that the Pope is very Antichrist, that isMarginaliaThe pope is Antichrist, the bishops are his mēbers, & fryers his tayle.the head. The Archbishops, Byshops, and other prelates to be his mēbers, & the friers to be his tayle. The whiche pope, archbishops and bishops a man ought not to obey, but so far forth as they be folowers of Christ and of Peter, in their life, maners, and conuersation, and that he is the successour of Peter, whiche is best and purest in lyfe & maners. Furthermore the said Syr Ihon spreadyng hys hands with a loud voyce, sayd thus to those which stode about hym. MarginaliaThe bolde talke of the L. Cobham.These mē which iudge and would condemne me, wil seduce you all and them selues, and will lead you vnto hell, therfore take hede of them. When he had spokē those woordes, we againe as oftentymes before with lamentable countenaunce, spake vnto the sayd syr Ihon exhortyng hym with as gentle wordes as wee might, that he would returne to the vnitye of the church, to beleue & hold that which the church of Rome doth beleue & hold. Who expresly answered that he would not beleue or hold otherwise then he had before declared. Wherfore we perceiuing as it appeared by him that we could not preuaile: at the last with bitternes of hart, we proceded to the pronouncyng of a diffinitiue sentence in this maner.

☞ In the name of God Amē. We Thomas by the permissiō of God Archbishop and humble minister MarginaliaThey call thē selues humble which rule ouer kinges, and exercise the tyranny of the world.of the holy churche of Canterbury, primate of all England, & Legate of the Apostolicke sea, in a certain cause or matter of heresie vpon certaine articles, wherupon syr Ihon Oldcastel knight Lord Cobham, before vs in the last cōuocation of our clergy of our prouince of Canterbury holden in the churche of S. Paul in London after diligent inquisition thereupon made, was detected and accused, and by our sayd prouince notoriously and openly diffamed. At the request of the whole clergy aforesayd therupon made vnto vs in the sayd conuocation: withall fauour possible that we myght (God we take to witnes) lawfully procedyng agaynst him, folowing the footesteppes and exāple of Christ MarginaliaFollowing Christes fotesteps cleane contrary.whiche would not the death of a sinner, but rather that he should be conuerted & liue, we haue endeuoured by al waies & meanes we myght or could to reforme him, and to reduce him to the vnitie of the churche: declaring vnto him what the holy vniuersall church of Rome MarginaliaThe vniuersall church meaning by a fygure the part for the whole.doth teache, hold, & determine in this behalfe. And albeit that we found him wandryng astray from the catholicke fayth, & so stubburne and stifnecked that he would not cōfesse hys errour or cleare him selfe therof, or detest þ^e same: Notwithstāding we fauouring him with a fatherly affection, and hartly wishyng & desiring his preseruatiō, prefixed hym a certayne competent tyme to deliberate with him selfe, and if he would to repent and reforme him self. And last of all, for somuch as we perceyued him to be vnreasonable: obseruyng chiefly those thinges which by the law are required in this behalfe, with great sorrowe and bitternes of hart, we proceded to the pronouncyng of the definitiue sentence in this maner.

The name of Christ being called vpō, setting him onely before our eyes. For somuch as by acts enacted, signes exhibited, euidences and diuers tokens, besydes sundry kynde of proofes, we fynde the sayd syr Iohn to be, and haue bene an hereticke, and a folower of hereticks in the fayth and obseruation of the sacred vniuersal Church of Rome, and specially as touching the sacramentes of the Eucharist and of penaunce. And that as the sonne of iniquitie and darkenes, MarginaliaThey call light darknes, and darknes lyght.hee hath so hardened hys hart, that he will not vnderstand the voice of his shepherd, neither will be allured wyth hys monitions, or conuerted wyth any faire speche. Hauyng fyrst of all searched and sought out, and diligently considering the merites of the cause aforesayd, and of the sayd syr Iohn, his deserts and faults aggrauated through his damnable obstinacy: Not wylling that he that is wicked, should become more wicked, and infect other with hys contagion, by the councel and consent of the reuerent men of profounde wysdome and discretion, our brethren the Lordes Richarde byshop of London, Henry bishop of Wynchester, and Benedict bishop of Bangor, and also of many other doctours of deuinity, MarginaliaLike will to lyke.the decretals and ciuill lawe, and of manye other religious and learned persons our assistentes, we haue iudged and declared sententially, and diffinitiuelye condemned the sayd syr Iohn Oldcastell knight, Lord Cobham, being conuict in and vpō that most detestable gilt, not wylling penitently to returne vnto the vnitie of the church, and in those thinges which the sacred vniuersall church of Rome doth hold, teach, determine, and shewe forth. And speciallye as one erring in the articles aboue written, leauyng hym from hencefoorth as an hereticke vnto the secular iudgement.MarginaliaSo did the Pharisies deliuer Christ vnto Pilate.