sing most firmely and truly the blessed Trinitie to be onely one God in one vnitie of deitie: as to the other three he aunswered, that a Prieste delightinge in his cōcubine, made her as his God. Likewise a wicked person persisting in his sinne without repētaūce, made the deuill his God. And lastly he graūted, that he, once hearing of certein men, which by the singing and chattering of birdes, would seeke to know what thinges were to come, either to them selues or others,  

sayde that those men estimed their birdes as Gods: and otherwise he spake not.

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MarginaliaTho. Godred. Tho. Walker. Tho. forge. &c.AMongest the manifold and seuerall Articles obiected  

agaynst Thomas Goodred, Thomas Walker, Thomas Forge, Alyce Forge his wife, Iohn Forge their sonne, Iohn Caluertō, Iohn Woodrofe, Richard Woolman, and Roger Hilliar (As that they should speake agaynst pilgrymages, praying vnto Saintes, & such lyke) thys principallye was propounded, MarginaliaAgaynst transubstantiation and corporall presence.that they all denyed the carnall and corporall presence of Christes body and bloud in the Sacramēt of the altar:   and further had conceiled, and consented vnto their teachers and instructers of that doctrine, & had not accordyng vnto the lawes of the Churche, accused and presented them vnto the Byshop, or Ordinary. Also great & heynous displeasure was conceyued against Richard Woolman, for that hee termed the Church of Paules a house of theeues: affirming that the Priestes and other Ecclesiasticall persons there, were not liberall geuers vnto the poore (as they ought) but rather takers away from them, what they could get.

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MarginaliaTho. Austy. Iohn. Austy. &c.Likewise, as Thomas Austye,  

Ioanne Austye hys wife, Thomas Graunt, Iohn Garters, Christofer Rauyns, Dionyse Rauins his sister, Thomas Vincēt,  

Commentary     Close

Thomas Vincent was the father-in-law of Thomas Austy and possibly also the father-in-law of Richard Hunne.

Lewes Iohn,  

Commentary     Close

Lewis John is almost certainly the same Lewis John who in 1508denied the presence of Christ's body in the sacramenrt of the altar and who would,be named as an associate of a Lollard burned in Buckinghamshire (J. A. F. Thomson, The Later Lollards, 1414-1520 [)xford, 1965], p. 88).

Ioanne Iohn his wife, and Iohn Webbe, were of one felowship and profession of fayth, with diuerse of the last before recited: MarginaliaAgaynst transubstantiation, and corporall presence.so were they also almost all apprehended about one tyme, and chiefly burdened with one opinion of the Sacrament. Whiche declareth euidently, that notwithstandyng the darke ignoraunce of those corrupted tymes, yet God did euer in mercy open þ^e eyes of some, to behold the manifest truth, euen in those things, wherof the Papistes make now greatest vaunt & bragge of longest continuance. Farthermore many of thē were charged to haue spokeē agaynst pilgrymages: and to haue read and vsed certeine Englishe bookes, repugnyng the fayth of the Romishe Churche: as the iiij. Euangelistes, Wickleffes wicket, a booke of the x. Commaundementes of almighty God, the Reuelation of S. Iohn, the Epistles of Paul and Iames, with other lyke, whiche those holy ones could neuer abyde, and good cause why: for as darkenes could neuer agree with lyght, no more can ignoraunce, the mainteiner of that kyngdom, with the true knowledge of Christ and his Gospell. It was further particularly obiected agaynst Ioanne Iohn, the wife of Lewes Iohn, MarginaliaAgaynst holy dayes.that (besides the premisses) she learned and maintayned, that God commaunded no holy dayes to be kept, but onely the Sabboth day, and that therefore shee would kepe none but it, nor no fastyng days, affirmyng that to fast from sinne was the true fast. Moreouer that she had despised the Pope, his Pardons, & pilgrymages: MarginaliaAgaynst pilgrimage, and adoration of images.In so muche that when any poore body asked hys almes of her in þ^e worship of þ^e Lady of Walsingham, she would straight aunswere in contempt of the pilgrimage: the Lady of Walsingham help thee. And if she gaue any thyng vnto hym, she would then say: take this in the worship of our Lady in heauen, & let the other go. Whiche declareth that for lacke of better instructiō and knowledge, she yet ignorauntly attributed to much honor to the true Saintes of God departed: though otherwise she did abhorre the Idolatrous worshippyng of the dead Images. By whiche exāple, as also by many others (for shortnes sake, at this present omitted) I haue iust occasion to condemne þ^e wilfull subtiltie of those, that in this bryght shynyng lyght of Gods truth, would yet vnder colour of godly remembraunce, still maintayne the hauyng of Images in the Church, craftely excusing their Idolatrous knelyng and praying vnto them, by affirmyng that they neuer worshipped the dead Images, but the thynges that the Images did represent. But if that were theyr onely doctrine and cause of hauyng them, why then would theyr predecessours so cruelly compel these poore simple people openly in their recantations to abiure and reuoke their speakyng agaynst the grosse adoration of the outward Images onely, and not agaynst the thyng represented? which many of them (as appeareth partely by this example) in their ignoraunt simplicitie, confessed might be worshipped. Howbeit, God be thanked (who euer in hys mercy cōtinue it) theyr colourable and hypocriticall excuses can not now take such place in the hartes of the elect of God, as they haue done heretofore, especially seyng the word of God doth so manifestly forbyd aswell the worshipping of them, as also the makyng or hauyng of them, for order of religion.

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MarginaliaWylyam Couper and his wyfe.IT was alleaged agaynst William Couper, and Alyce Couper his wife, that they had spoken agaynst pilgrymages and worshippyng of Images: but chiefly the woman, who hauyng her childe on a tyme hurte by fallyng into a pit or ditche, and earnestly perswaded by some of her ignoraunt neighbours, to go on pilgrimage vnto S. Laurēce for helpe for her child, MarginaliaAgainst inuocation of dead images.sayd that neither S. Laurence, nor any other Saint could helpe her child, and therfore none ought to go on pilgrimage to any Image made with mans hande, but onely vnto almightie God: for pilgrymages were nothyng worthe, sauyng to make the Priestes riche. vid. plura inferius.

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MarginaliaIohn Houshold. &c.VNto Iohn Houshold, Robert Rascall, and Elizabeth Stamford,  

aswell MarginaliaAgaynst transustantiation and authoritie of the pope.the Article agaynst the Sacrament of the altare was obiected, as also that they had spoken agaynst praying to Saintes, and had despised the authoritie of the Byshop of Rome, and others of his clergie. But especially Iohn Houshold was charged to haue called them Antichristes and hooremōgers, and the Pope him selfe a stronge strumpet and a commō baude vnto þ^e worlde, who with his Pardons had drowned in blyndnes, all Christen realmes, and that for money.

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MarginaliaGeorge Browne.ALso among diuers other ordinary Articles propounded agaynst George Browne, these were coūted very heynous and heretical: MarginaliaAgaynst adoration of the crosse.First, that he had sayd, that he knewe no cause why the Crosse should bee worshypped, seyng, that þ^e same was an hurt & payne vnto our Sauiour Christ in the tyme of his Passion, and not any ease or pleasure, alleagyng for example, that if he had had a frend hanged or drowned, hee would euer after haue loued that gallowes, or water (by þ^e whiche his frend died) rather worse for that, then better. MarginaliaAgaynst immoderate riches of the popes clergye.An other obiection was, that he had erroneously, obstinatly, and maliciously sayd (for so are their wordes) that the Churche was to riche.  

This matter, I may tell you, touched somwhat the quicke, and therfore no maruell thoughe they counted it erroneous and malicious: for take away theyr gayn, and and farewell theyr Religion. They also charged hym to haue refused holy water to be cast about his chāber, and lykewise to haue spoken agaynste Priestes, wyth other vayne matters.

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MarginaliaIohn Wykes.THe greatest matter, wherwith they burdened Iohn Wykes, was that he had often and of long tyme kept company with diuers persōs suspected of heresie (as they termed them) and had receaued them into his house, and there did suffer and heare them sondry tymes, read erroneous and hereticall bookes contrary to the fayth of the Romishe Churche, and did also hym selfe consent vnto theyr doctrine: and had many tymes secretly conueyed them from the takyng of such as were appoynted to apprehende them.

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MarginaliaIohn Southacke.
Richard Butler. &c.
Vide inferius.LIke as the greatest nōber of those before mencioned: so were also Iohn Southacke, Richard Butler, Iohn Samme, William Kyng, Robert Durdant, and Henry Woolman, MarginaliaAgainst the reall presence.especially charged with speakyng wordes agaynst the reall presence of Christes body in the Sacrament of the altare, and also agaynst Images, and the rest of the vij. Sacramētes. How be it they burdened the last v. persons with the readyng of certeine Englishe hereticall bookes, accomptyng most blasphemously the Gospell of Iesus Christ, written by the iiij. Euangelists, to be of

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