there be whom nothyng doth please, whiche is dayly sene & receaued) vsed to go with his heare hangyng about hys eares downe vnto hys shoulders, after a straunge monstruous maner counterfeiting belyke the wilde Irishe men, or els Crinitus Ioppas
This note refers to 'crinitus Iopas', the long-haired musician in Virgil's Aeneid [1, 740-747] who plays after a banquet of Trojan and Carthaginian chiefs. It has been suggested that Virgil intended Iopas to be a reference to himself, making an appearance in the text.
MarginaliaThe Ruffin wyth the long heare. As this ruffine ruffling thus with his lockes, was walkyng in þe streates, as chaunce was, who should meete him but the Lord Cromwell, who beholdyng the deforme and vnseemely maner of his disguised goyng, full of muche vanity, & hurtfull example, called the mā to question wt him whose seruaunt he was, whiche beyng declared, then was it demaunded, whether his master, or any of his felowes vsed so to goe, with such heere about their shoulders as hee dyd, or no? Whiche when hee denyed, and was not able to yelde any reason for refuge of þt his monstruous disguising at length he fel to this excuse that he had made a vowe. To this the Lord Cromwell aunswered agayne, þt for so much as he had made him selfe a votarie, he would not force hym to breake his vowe, but vntill his vowe should be expired, he should lye the meane tyme in prison, & so sent him immediatly to the Marshalsey: where hee indured, till at length, this intonsus Cato
Literally 'untrimmed Cato'. This is a reference to Marcus Porcius Cato Uticensis (95-46 BC), a Roman politician notorious for his intransigence and inability to compromise.
MarginaliaFrier Barteley casteth away hys Friers coule. Hereunto also perteineth the example of Frier Barteley, who wearyng still his Friers coule after the suppresion of religious houses Cromwell commyng through Paules churche yarde, and espieng him in Rheines his shop yea said he, wil not that coule of yours be left of yet? And if I heare by one a clocke that this apparel be not chaunged, thou shalt be hanged immediatly for example to all other. And so puttymg his coule away, he neuer durst weare it after.
[Back to Top]If the same Lord Cromwell, whiche coulde not abyde this seruyng man so disfigured in his heare, were now in these our dayes alyue with the same authoritye, whiche thē he had, and sawe these newe fangled fashions of attire, vsed here amongest vs both of men and women, I suppose verely that neither these mōstruous ruffes nor these prodigious hose, and prodigall or rather hyperboricall barbarous breeches (whiche seme rather lyke barels, the breeches) would haue any place in England. In whiche vnmeasurable excesse of vesture, this I haue to maruell: first how these seruyng men, whiche commonly haue nothing els but their wages, and that so slender and bare, can maynteine suche sloppes, so huge, and so sumptuous whiche commonly stand them in more, then their three yeares wages do come vnto.MarginaliaThese mōstrous sloppes of England lacke a Cromwell. Secondly I meruell, that their masters and Lordes (who shall yelde to God a counte of their seruauntes doynges) do not searche & trye out their seruauntes walkes, how they come by these expenses, wherwith to vpholde this brauery, seyng their stipendary wages and all reuenues els they haue, will not extende therunto. Thirdly, this most all is to be marueled, that Magistrates, which haue in their handes the orderyng and guidyng of good lawes, do not prouide more seuerely for the nedefull reformatiō of these enormities. But here we may well see, and truely this may say that England once had a Cromwell.
[Back to Top]Long it were to recite, what innumerable benefites this worthy Counsellour by his prudent pollicie, hys graue authoritie, and perfect zeale wrought and brought to passe in the publicke Realme, and especially in the Churche of England: what good orders hee established, what wickednes and vices he suppressed, what corruptions he reformed what abuses he brought to light, what crafty iugglyngs, what Idolatrous deceptions, and superstitious illusions he detected and abolished out of the Churche.MarginaliaDiuers corruptions in the Church detected and reformed by Cromwell. What posteritie will euer thinke the Churche of the Pope pretendyng such Religion
The remainder of this paragraph contains an abridged version of 'The Phantasie of Idolatry', which was printed in 1563 and then deleted in subsequent editions (This ballad was written by William Gray, a client of Thomas Cromwell. (On Gray's life and career, see E. W. Dormer, Gray of Reading: A Sixteenth-century Controversialist and Ballad Writer [Reading, 1923], pp.17-55). The ballad described cases of 'idolatry' and fraudulent miracles uncovered by Cromwell's commissioners. Verses from the poem were placed on Friar Forest's scaffold. This confirms the official origins and inception.).
[Back to Top]This is a reference to the Rood of Grace at the Cistercian monastery at Boxley, Kent. In February 1538, Cromwell's commissioners discovered mechanical devices in the rood which permitted the eyes of the Christ figure move. Later that month, the rood was displayed at Paul's Cross. The Boxley Rood became a virtual synonym for a fraudulent miracle.
[Back to Top]Cromwell's commissioners found that the relic of the blood of Christ at Hailes Abbey in Gloucestershire was fraudulent. It was denounced and exhibited at Paul's Cross in 1538.
Who would haue iudged, but that the mayde of Kent hadde bene an holy woman,MarginaliaThe holy maide of Kent, read before. pag 1026. and a Prophetesse
This is Elizabeth Barton, who was a Benedictine nun renowned for her sanctity and her prophetic visions. When she began to denounce the validity of Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon, the authorities took a hostile interest in her prophecies. On 23 November 1533, Barton was forced to do penance at Paul's Cross; the proceedings were repeated at Canterbury a fortnight later. She was executed for treason on 20 April 1534.
[Back to Top]What should I speake of Daruell Gatharen
Foxe is deriving this spelling, or rather misspelling, from Hall. The statue was named ‘Dderfel Gadern’ and it was from Llanderfel, a pilgrimage site in North Wales.
This was a famous rood, which stood just outside the walls of Chester, and which was a celebrated place of pilgrimage. It was dismantled on Cromwell's orders.
I.e., the shrine of St. Thomas Becket at Canterbury.
While the Lord Cromwell was thus blessedly occupied in profityng the common wealth, and purgyng the Church of Christe, it happened to him, as commonly it doth to all good men, that where any excellencie of vertue appeareth, there enuye creepeth in: and where true pietie seeketh most after Christ, there some persecution foloweth withall,
[Back to Top]Thus (I say) as he was labouring in the cōmon wealth and doyng good to the poore afflicted Saintes, helpyng thē out of trouble, the malice of his enemies so wrought, continuallye huntyng for matter agaynst hym, that they neuer ceased, till in the end they by false traynes and crafty surmises, brought him out of the kynges fauour.
[Back to Top]MarginaliaSte. Gardiner chiefe enemie to the L. Cromwell. The chiefe and principal enemie against him, was Steuen Gardiner Byshop of Winchester, who euer disdayning and enuiyng the state and felicitie of the Lord Cromwell, and now takyng hys occasion by the Maryage of Ladye Anne of Cleue,MarginaliaRead before pag. 1109. beyng a straunger and forener, put in the kynges eares what a perfect thyng it were for the quyet of the realme, and establishment of the kynges succession to haue an Englishe Queene and Prince that were mere Englyshe: so that in conclusion the kynges affection, þe more it was diminished from the late maried Anne of Cleue, the lesse fauour he bare vnto Cromwell
In 1563, Foxe blamed Cromwell's fall on Henry's dissatisfaction with his marriage to Anne of Cleves, which Cromwell had arranged. In these passages, added in 1570, Foxe presents a more sophisticated analysis of Cromwell's fall, emphasizing the role of opposing factions.
Ouer and besides all which, it is moreouer supposed, that some part of displeasure myght ryse agaynst hym, by reason of a certayne talke, which happened a a litle before at Lambeth, at what tyme the kyng after the makyng of the vi. Articles, sent the sayd Lord Cromwell hys Vicegerēt, with the two Dukes of Northfolke & Suffolke, wyth all the Lords of the Parliamēt to Lambeth to dyne wyth the Archbyshop ) who mightely had disputed & alleaged in the Parliament agaynst the sayd Articles) to cheare & comfort hys daunted spirites agayne.
[Back to Top]MarginaliaThe talke betweene the L. Cromwel & certeine of the Lords at Lambeth. There the
As Foxe observes in a marginal note, he obtained this story from Ralph Morice, Archbishop Cranmer's secretary.
Marginalia1541
A Parliament. After this the next yeare folowyng, which was 1541. in the moneth of Aprill, was holden a Parliament, which