1482 [1456]
Q. Mary. Alphonsus agaynst burning. Tho. Beckets Image broken.
tingly forsake the same, and defile it selfe with MarginaliaThe Cake God.the Cake God, Idolatrie, and other Antichristianitie therunto belonging, let it surely looke after many and wonderfull plagues of God shortly. MarginaliaAn. 1555. February.Though an other haue the benefice, yet as God knoweth, MarginaliaThe carefull zeale of D. Taylour for Hadley.I can not but be carefull for my deare Hadley. And therefore as I could not but speake, after the first abominable Masse begunne there, I being present, no more I can not but write nowe being absent, hearing of the wicked prophanatiō of my late Pulpit, by such a wily woolfe. Gods loue, mercy, goodnes, and fauour hath bene vnspeakable, in teaching vs the right way of saluation and iustification. Let vs all haue some zeale, some care howe to serue hym according to his good wyll written. The God of loue and peace be euer in Hadley, through Christ our onely aduocate. Amen.
[Back to Top]Rowland Taylour.
Commentary on the Glosses
Becket's Image and Other Events
The glosses in this section (1570, 1576, 1580) for the most part act as pointers to the narrative.
MarginaliaThe procedinges of the Popes catholickes in maintayning their religion.After that Steuen Gardiner Bishop of Winchester, had got the lawes, and the secular arme on his side (as ye haue hearde) with ful power and authoritie to raigne and rule as he listed, and had brought these godly bishops and reuerende Preachers aforesaide, vnder foote, namely the Archbishop of Canterbury, doctor Ridley Bishop of London, M. Latimer, M. Hooper Bishop of Worcestor and Gloucester, master Rogers, master Saunders, doct. Taylor, and maister Bradford, all which he had nowe presently condemned, and some also burned, he supposed nowe all had bene cocke sure, and that Christe had bene conquered for euer, so that the people being terrified with example of these great learned men condemned, neuer woulde ne durst once route against their violent Religion: not muche vnlike in this behalfe to the manner of the Turkes, who when they can not mainteine their sect by good learning & truth of Gods word, thinke by violence of sword to force whō they can to their belief, and that done, afterward make lawes, no man vnder paine of heresie to dispute or once to cal in question any of their proceedinges:
MarginaliaThe maner of proceding like in the Catholickes, and in the Turkes.Euen so Steuen Gardiner and his felowes, when they see they can not preuayle by triall of Gods word, and discourse of learning, neither are disposed simply to seeke for truth where it is to be found: they take exceptions against Gods woorde, to be intricate, obscure, and insufficient to be his owne iudge, and therefore that of necessitie it must be iudged by the Popes Churche, and so hauyng Kinges and Quenes of their side, they seke not to perswade by the worde of God, nor to winne by charitie, but in steede of the lawe of God, they vse (as the prouerbe saith)
Marginaliaνόμος τῶν χείρωντῶ νόμω χείρων, compelling men by death, fire, and sword (as the Turkes do) to beleue that in very dede they thinke not. And in deede after flesh and bloud this seemeth to be a sure way. Neither peraduēture are they ignorant howe gaily this way thriueth with the Turkes, and therfore thinke they to practise the same, at leastwise so they do, vpon what example so euer they do it. And thus cōdemned they these godly learned preachers & bishops aforesaid, supposing (as I said) that al the rest would sone be quailed by their example. But they were deceiued, for within. 8. or. 9. dayes after that Ste. Gardiner had geuē sentēce against M. Hooper, M. Rogers, M. Saunders, D. Taylor, and M. Bradford, being the 8. of Febr.
MarginaliaFebruary 8. sixe other good mē were brought likewise before the bishops for the same cause of religion to be examined, whose names were
Marginaliavj. Men conuented before B. Boner for heresy.W. Pigot Butcher, Ste. Knight Barbar, Tho. Tomkins Weauer, Tho. Hawkes Gentleman, Iohn Laurence priest, Will. Hunter Prentise.
[Back to Top]Steuen Gardiner seing thus his deuise disappoynted, and that crueltie in this case would not serue to his expectation, MarginaliaSte. Gardiner geueth ouer his murthering office to B. Boner.gaue ouer the matter as vtterly discouraged, & from that day medled no more in such kind of condemnations, but referred the whole doing therof to Boner Bishop of Londō:
Commentary
This is an interesting admission that, after the initial condemnations of Rogers, Saunders, Hooper, Taylor and others in late January 1555, Gardiner withdrew from an active role in persecuting protestants. Bonner would take charge of the persecution, even when, as in the case of Philpot, the accused was technically not under the jurisdiction of the bishop of London.
[Back to Top] who supplied that parte right doughtily, as in the further processe of this history hereafter euidently and too muche may appeare. Thus Bishop Boner taking the matter in hand, called before hym in his Consistory at Paules, the Lord Mayor & certayne Aldermē sitting w
t him, þ
e sixe persons aforenamed, vpon the eight day of Febr. in the yeare aforesaid, and in the next day being the.
MarginaliaFebruary 9.9. of February, read the sentence of condemnation vppon them, as appeareth in Boners owne Registers.
MarginaliaEx Regist. Boneri Lond. Such quicke speede these men could make in dispatching their busines at once.
Marginaliavj. Men condēned by Byshop Boner. Notwithstanding because the death of these condemned martyrs did not folow incontinently before the next moneth of March, I will deferre the prosecuting of their matter, tyll I come (by the grace of the Lord) to the tyme and day of their suffering. In the meane tyme, what was the cause that their execution was so long deferred after their condemnation, I haue not precisely to say, vnlesse peraduenture the Sermon of Alphonsus the Spanish Fryer and the kinges Confessor did some good. For so I find, that when these sixe persons
[Back to Top]aforesaid, were cast vpon saterday, the. 9. of Febr. vpon sonday following, which was the. MarginaliaFebruary 10.x. of February, the said Alphonsus a Gray fryer preached before the king, in whiche sermon MarginaliaAlphonsus K. Phillips confesssor preaching agaynst the burning of heretickes.he did earnestly inuey against the bishops for burnyng of men, saying plainly that they learned it not in scripture to burne any for his conscience: but the contrary, that they should liue, and be conuerted: with many other thinges more to the same purport. But touching the lingering of these mens death, as I haue not certainly to affirme, so I let it passe.
[Back to Top]MarginaliaFebruary. 14.Vpon the 14. day of February, M. Rob. Farrar bish. of saint Dauids was sent towarde s. Dauids, there to be condemned and executed. Touchyng whose martyrdome, for so muche as it fell not before the moneth of March, we wyll deferre the historie thereof tyll we come to the day and tyme of his suffering.
[Back to Top]Furthermore, this foresaid. 14. day of February, the L. Chancelor and other his felow Bishops, caused the Image of Thomas Becket, that olde Romish traytor, to be set vp ouer the Mercers Chappel doore in Cheapside in Londō, in the forme & shape of a Bishop, with Miter and Crosier.
Commentary
Becket's Image
This account of the repeated iconoclasm against the statue of Becker first appears in the 1563 edition and was reprinted without alteration in all subsequent editions. Foxe was certainly drawing on oral sources for this, very probably John Barnes or a member of his family or household. Foxe presents Barnes's grievances in the matter sympathetically, and in some detail. The repeated attacks on the statue are widely reported in other sources (see Brigden, p. 593).
[Back to Top] MarginaliaTho. Beckets Image set vp at Mercers chappell. Howbeit within two dayes after this his erection, his two blessing fingers were first broken away, & on þ
e next day (being the
MarginaliaFebruary. 17.17. daye of Februarye) his head was also striken of: wherupon arose great trouble, and many were suspected: among whom one
MarginaliaM. Iohn Barnes troubled for Beckets Image.M. Iohn Barnes Mercer, dwellyng ouer against the same Chappell, was vehemently (by the Lorde Chauncelour) charged withal, as the doer thereof, & the rather, for that he was a professor of the truth. Wherfore he and three of his seruauntes were committed to prison: and at his deliuery (although it could not be proued vpon hym) he was bound in a great summe of money, as well to builde it vp againe as often as it shoulde be broken downe, as also to watche and keepe the same. And therfore at this his compelled charges, the Image was againe set vp the secōd day of March, then next ensuing, but (for lacke belike of careful watching) the. 14. day of the same moneth in the night,
MarginaliaBeckets Image agayne broken downe.the head of that daungerous beast (ouer whom there was suche a charge geuen) was againe the seconde tyme broken of: whiche thing was so heynously taken, that the next day (beyng the 15. day) there was a Proclamation made in London, that who soeuer would tell who did strike of his head (though he were of counsayle, and not the principal doer) he should haue not onely his pardon, but also one hundred crownes of gold, with harty thankes. But it was not knowen who did it.
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Commentary on the Glosses
Miles Coverdale and the Denmark Letters
The glosses in this section (1570, 1576, 1580) are mainly functional, making clear the authorship of each letter.
MarginaliaFebruary. 18. MarginaliaQ. Mary aunswereth to the K. of Denmarkes letters, touching M. Couerdale.The 18. day of Februarye, Queene Mary at length after long delay, made ful aunsweare to the king of Denmarkes letters, who had written before two letters to the said Queene, in þ
e behalfe of M. Couerdale, for his deliuerance,
Commentary
Miles Coverdale's Release
This account of Miles Coverdale's release from prison and the correspondence between Christian III of Denmark and Mary on this matter first appear in the 1563 edition. All of this material was reprinted in the subsequent editions of the Acts and Monuments without significant alteration. This was not the first or last time that Foxe would have drawn on the official correspondence of Mary's reign. These documents were clearly procured through the good offices of someone at court, very probably William Cecil.
[Back to Top]Christian III was, as Foxe observes, acting at the behest of John MacBriar (or Johannes Machabeus), who was Coverdale's brother-in-law and Christian's chaplain. The Marian government, as is apparent from Foxe, was deeply reluctant to release Coverdale; he had been the bishop of Exeter in the previous reign and, along with Cranmer, Ridley, Latimer, Barlow, Hooper and Ferrar he was among the members of the Edwardian episcopate targeted by the new regime. But Christian was in a position to apply pressure and he clearly did so. Although he was a pious Lutheran, Christian was also a valued ally of Charles V, the father-in-law of the English queen, and, at this time, England's most important ally. Mary delayed as long as she could, but released Coverdale and gave him a passport in February 1555. Had Christian not intervened, Coverdale would almost certainly have been one of the Marian martyrs.
[Back to Top] who at that time went vnder sureties, and was in great daunger, had he not bene rescued by the great suite & letters of the said king of Denmarke.
[Back to Top]The matter & copie of which his sute & letters, as they came to our handes, we haue here set forth & exprest, wherby the singular loue of this good king towards the truth of Gods worde, and the professors therof might the better appeare to the worlde.
First this vertuous and godly king Christianus, hearyng of the captiuitie of Miles Couerdale, of whom he had had some knowledge before (beyng there in Denmarke in king Henry the eight his tyme) and lamentyng his daungerous case, and partly through the intercessiō of M. Machabæus Superintendent in Denmarke, who was partly of *Marginalia* This M. Machabeus, and M. Couerdale maryed two sisters. kynne to Maister Couerdales wife,
Commentary
Coverdale had married Elizabeth Macheson; MacBriar was married to her sister Agnes.
made intercession by letters to Queene Mary, desiring & requesting the said Miles Couerdale to be sent vnto hym. The date of which his first letters, was about the Calendes of May. An. D. 1554. the copie wherof here foloweth.
[Back to Top]¶ Christianus Dei gratia Daniæ, Noruegiæ &c. Rex &c. eadem gratia Serenissimæ ac potentissimæ principi D. Mariæ Angliæ, Galliæ & Hiberniæ Reginæ, consanguineæ nostræ chariss. salutem.
MarginaliaThe epistle of the K. of Denmarke to Q. Mary, for the deliuerance of M. Couerdale.SErenissima princeps, consanguinea charissima, pro necessitudine mutua ac cōiunctione, non solum regij nominis inter nos, sed etiam sanguinis, maximè vero vtrinq; inter hæc regna nostra à vetustissimis vsq; tēporibus propagata ac seruata, non modo cōmertiorum, sed omnium officiorum vicissitudine & fide, facere non potuimus quin pietatis & doctrinæ excellentis commendatione, verè reuerendi viri Ioannis Machabæi, sacræ Theologiæ doctoris & professoris præstantiss. subditi ac Ministri nostri imprimis dilecti, supplicibus grauissimisque precibus cōmoti, ad serenitatem vestram has literas daremus. Exposuit is nobis, in hac recenti perturbatione ac motu regni Angliæ (quem ex animo euenisse dolemus, & nunc indies in melius verti speramus) quendam no-
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