Marginalia1555. March.stantine his Register, and others, the last of February. Ann. 1555.  

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The accounts of Ferrar's examinations in Carmarthen and the copies of his condemnation and degradation were taken from official records which are now lost. They may well have been sent to Foxe by the person or persons who sent him the records of Ferrar's troubles in Edward VI's reign.

MarginaliaAn other examination of B. Farrar.THis day and place Morgan the pretensed Bishop of S. Dauids sitting as Iudge ministred vnto Bishop Farrar there personally present before him certaine articles and interrogatories in writing, which being openlye read and ministred vnto hym, þ^e said B. Farrar refused to answere, vntyll he might see his lawfull Commission and authoritie. Wheruppon the foresaide pretensed Bishop of Saint Dauids did pronounce him as Contumax, and for the punishment of this his contumacie, to be counted Pro confesso, and so did pronounce hym in writing: which being done, he committed the saide Bishop to the custodye of Owen Ioans, vntil monday next, being the fourth day of March, then to be brought againe into the same place, betwixt one and two.

¶ An other appearaunce of the said B. Farrar, before Morgan the pretensed bishop of S. Dauids.  

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The accounts of Ferrar's examinations in Carmarthen and the copies of his condemnation and degradation were taken from official records which are now lost. They may well have been sent to Foxe by the person or persons who sent him the records of Ferrar's troubles in Edward VI's reign.

MarginaliaAn other appearaunce of B. Farrar.ITem, the day and place appoynted, the saide Bishop appearing againe before the pretensed Bishop, humbly submitting him selfe, as ready to answeare to the articles and positions aboue mentioned, gently required the copy of the articles, and a competent terme to be assigned vnto hym to answeare for hym selfe: which being graunted vnto hym, and Thursday next beyng assigned vnto hym, betwixt one and three to answeare precisely and fully, so he was cōmitted againe to custodie, as aboue.

¶ An other appearaunce of the said Bishop.  

Commentary     Close

The accounts of Ferrar's examinations in Carmarthen and the copies of his condemnation and degradation were taken from official records which are now lost. They may well have been sent to Foxe by the person or persons who sent him the records of Ferrar's troubles in Edward VI's reign.

MarginaliaAn other appearaunce of the sayd Byshop.ON Thursday, as was appoynted, which was the 7. of March, the saide Bishop personally againe appeared, where he exhibited a certaine Byl in writing, conteinyng in it his answere vnto certaine articles obiected and ministred vnto hym before. Then after Henry the pretensed Bishop of S. Dauids offered hym againe the said articles, as before: the tenor wherof tended to this effect.

MarginaliaArticles agayne ministred against B. Farrar.First, that he wylled hym beyng a Priest, to abrenoūce matrimonie.

Secondly, to graunt the natural presence of Christe in the sacrament, vnder the formes of bread and wine.

Thirdly, that the Masse is a propitiatorie sacrifice for the quicke and the dead.

Fourthly, that general Councels lawfully cōgregated, neuer did nor can erre.

Fiftly, that men are not iustified before God, by fayth onely, but that hope and charitie is also necessarily required to iustification.

Sixtly, that the Catholike Churche which onely hath authority to expound scriptures, and to define controuersies of Religion, and to ordeyne thinges apperteynyng to publike discipline, is visible, & like vnto a citie set vpon a mountaine for al men to vnderstand.

To these articles thus obiected to hym, MarginaliaB. Farrar denieth to subscribe to the Articles.he refused to subscribe, affirming that they were inuented and excogitated by man, and pertaine nothing to the Catholike faith. After this the bishop aboue named, deliuered vnto hym the copie of the articles, assignyng hym monday next folowing to answeare and subscribe to the same, eyther affirmatiuely or negatiuely.

¶ An other apperance of Bishop Farrar.  

Commentary     Close

The accounts of Ferrar's examinations in Carmarthen and the copies of his condemnation and degradation were taken from official records which are now lost. They may well have been sent to Foxe by the person or persons who sent him the records of Ferrar's troubles in Edward VI's reign.

MarginaliaAn other appearaunce or examination of B. Farrar.VPon the which Monday, being the. xi. day of March he appearing againe before the Bishop and the foresayd Notarye George Constantine, exhibited in a written paper, his minde and aunsweare to the foresayde Articles, whiche the Bishop had twise nowe obiected againste hym before. To the which articles and answeares, he did so subscribe, adding these woordes, as tenens de se æquitate & iustitia esse Episcopum Meneuensem, that the bishop assigned the next Wednesday in the fore noone, to heare his final and definitiue sentence.

¶ The last appearance of Bishop Farrar.  

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The accounts of Ferrar's examinations in Carmarthen and the copies of his condemnation and degradation were taken from official records which are now lost. They may well have been sent to Foxe by the person or persons who sent him the records of Ferrar's troubles in Edward VI's reign.

MarginaliaThe last appearaunce and examination of the blessed Byshop M. Farrer.THe whiche daye and place the said Bishop and true seruaunt of God maister Farrar, personally there appearing, was demaunded of Henry the pretensed bishop of S. Dauids, whether he would renounce and recant his heresies, schismes, and errours (as he called them) which hytherto he had mainteined, and if he woulde subscribe to the Catholike articles, otherwise the he had done before.

After this the sayde godly Maister Farrar dyd exhi-

bite a certayne schedule written in Englishe, and remaynyng in the Actes, MarginaliaB. Farrar appealeth from the B. of saint Dauids to the Cardinall.appealyng withall by expresse woorde of mouth from the Bishop, as from an incompetent Iudge, to Cardinall Poole. &c.

All whiche notwithstanding, the saide Byshop proceedyng in his rage, MarginaliaSentence pronounced agaynst B. Farrar.pronounced the definitiue sentence against hym, conteyned in writyng, and there leaft in the Actes: by the which sentence he pronounced hym as an heretique excommunicate, and to be geuen vp foorthwith to the secular power, namely to the Sheriffe of the Towne of Carmarthen, Mayster Leyson.  

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Notice that in 1563, this is followed by a comment of Ferrar's denouncing vestments. It was probably lost when Foxe replaced the account of Ferrar's execution in 1570.

Moreouer, after this sentence thus pronounced, he also denounced againste him the Sentence of degradation, first puttyng vpon hym al their priestly vestures (whiche maister Farrar at the same time, openly and publikely called in Englishe, ragges and reliques of Rome, as the Register recordeth) and after depriued hym of the same. The copie whereof read before expressed in the storie of maister Hooper. pag. 1434.

MarginaliaB. Farrar brought to the place of execution.Thus this godly Bishop  

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This account of Ferrar's execution, replacing the account in the Rerum and 1563, first appeared in 1570. With its specific details, particularly the mention of Richard Jones, it is undoubtedly from an eyewithess.

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Commentary on the Woodcuts     Close

The woodcut illustrating Bishop Farrar's death was changed in 1570 for a block very different from that used in 1563. This earlier image belonged to the group of burnings with very distinct characteristics (skeletal bodies with flames invading them) whose dimensions were difficult to accommodate on the page. Like others of its kind in the first edition (eg William Sawtry, 1563, p. 142) the cut spread into the gutter and the left column of text. This awkwardness doubtless dictated its replacement. The replacement of 1570 came from Reginaldus Gonsalvius Montanus, De heylighe spaensche inquisitie (John Day, 1569), sig. x7v, and thereafter the block (identifiable from the chip on its top left corner) saw multiple use. In 1570, it was repeated seven times, and in 1583, it stood for eight martyrs besides Farrar, between the years 1436 and 1555 (1583, pp. 668, 701, 815, 998, 1030, 1040, 1275, 1682). Further chips on the lower edge in 1576 and 1583 bear witness to this extensive reuse. This woodcut of a martyr chained in flames is typical of many of the Marian martyrs illustrated in 1570, and thereafter, and this example suggests that difficulties of layout may have prompted Day to start working towards a new series, tailored to the page, not long after the appearance of the first edition. (See 1563, pp. 1548-49 (mispagination - pp. 1548-49). This woodcut (Type 1) with its distinctive flares and ionic scrolls of flames belongs to a recognisable family of these small martyr images, but their designers and cutters have not been identified. It may be noted that the speech scroll in 1563, is in italic, unlike that of the companion block in 1563, p. 1603 (the burning of a Norwich man and woman), which is in roman.

Touchyng the which constancie of this blessed martyr,  

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Once again Foxe is anxious to recount the stoicism of a martyr. On the polemical importance of the stoicism of the martyrs see Collinson (1983) and Freeman (1997).

As touchyng the letters of master Farrar, we doo not finde many that he did write. And peraduenture in queene