MarginaliaAn. 1555. Iune.though he sayd thus: behold him, whom the whole world is not able to cōprehēd: he is holdē here our captiue: wherfore let vs hold him fast, and not let him go, before wee obteine of him our requestes. &c.
Is not here good catholycke stuffe (christen readers) trow you? Conferre I besech you, this doctrine with thee doctrine of the Apostles,MarginaliaThe Church of Rome examined. which teach vs that Wee are fully complet in Christ, and I wyll referre me to no better iudge then to your owne conscience. And nowe therefore, if any man haue ben in doubt in tymes past of the doctrine & procedings of the church of Rome, whether it be rightly charged with blynd errours, with blasphemy intolerable, and Idolatry abominable or not, here now may he bee fully certified and resolued. MarginaliaThe Church of Rome conuict of manifest idolatry.For where was euer idolatry or blasphemy to bee found, if it be not here in this Mattens and Psalter of our Lady? If Idolatry be to make an Idoll to bee worshipped as God, which is no God, what do we here but make an Idole of our Lady (as we call her) to be worshipped with no lesse dignity, glory, authority reuerence, and seruice, then is the Lord God him selfe.MarginaliaOur Lady made equall with God in the church of Rome. As hee is called our Lord: so she is called our Lady. And if he be kyng, yet shee is the queene of heauen. And though hee haue the name of God, yet she beareth so the title of the mother of God, that as mothers haue authoritye ouer their children, so shee is willed to shewe her selfe to be his mother, to cause hym to graunt our petitions Finally, if he be our patron, yet is shee our patronesse. MarginaliaThe doctrine of the Romish Church directly against the first commaundement of God.The Commaundement sayth: Thou shalt worship thy Lord thy God, and hym onely shalt thou serue. And what woorship or seruice can we geue to god, more then we do ascribe vnto her? Or what benefite is to be asked at the handes of Christ our Sauiour, which is not equally asked of her? To saue our soules, to geue vs peace, to graunt grace, to comfort the desperate, to lose our captiuity, to release our sins, to deliuer from the Feend, to bryng to heauen. &c. to her we pray, we cry, we creepe, we sigh, we grone, wee knocke and kneele, MarginaliaTo trust and belieue in our Lady.to her we trust, and if we beleue not also in our Ladye, we bee heretickes ipso facto.
[Back to Top]Furthermore, as Christ our onely Lorde and Saueour hath his Churche and Congregation whiche professeth his name, of whom we are called Christians: MarginaliaOur Lady hath her Church as well as Christ.so neyther is shee likewise without her Chapels, her Cloysters, her chapters, fraternities, and brotherhodes, whiche professyng her name in lyke sort are called our Ladyes brethren or white friers, besides an innumerable sort of other patrons of Churches, of whom euery one hath his peculier Church and Religion by hym selfe: yet all these together be included vnder the generall deuotion of our Ladye theyr supreme patronesse and gouernesse.
[Back to Top]Now to procede further to the other part of the commaundement, whiche sayth: Hym onelye shalt thou serue: what seruice hath the Lord in all the church, but our Lady also ioyntly with him hath the lyke? Her Masse: her Mattens, her Euensong, her Houres and Complyn, her rosaries her Anthemes, her Collectes, her Primer, her Psalter, her Holydayes likewise, yea fiue to one. Finally, as the Lorde hath his prayer called the Lordes Prayer, so hath shee her Aue Marys,
I.e., Hail Marys.
I.e., the Lord's Prayer.
Hymns in honour of the Virgin Mary.
If the Lorde our God had not expressed vnto vs hys own will by playne word, lymityng vnto vs by expresse Iniunction, what to beleue, what to folow, and how to worship and serue hym, and how to receaue from hym our saluation, but had left vs to the imagination of our own inuentions, euery mā to shift for him self after his owē policie: then peraduenture this waye taken by the Popes Churche to make frendes and Mediatours betwene God and vs for reconciliation, remission, and saluation, might haue some rime or reason: but now Gods worde doth bynd vs, doth prescribe and lymite vs precisely in euery poynt touching saluation, what to beleue and what to do, shewing vs plainly that we can not be saued but by the bloud of his sonne onely, neither can bee iustified but by fayth onely in the same Christ hys sonne. Wherfore not to beleue that whiche he hath promised is MarginaliaInfidelitie.infidelitie, and to folow any other beliefe then he hath set vs, is playne MarginaliaIdolatry.Idolatry. The which ij. speciall errours most commonly do folow the doctrine of the Romish Churche,MarginaliaThe Church of Rome charged with Infidelity and Idolatry. as not onely in this Primer, and Psalter of our Lady aforesayd, but also in all their procedinges, teachings, & preachinges besides may well appeare. For where the Scripture perfectly doth promise and pronounce vs to be iustified through our fayth in Christ, and willeth vs to seeke our saluation no where els but onely in the merites of Iesus: the institution of the Churche of Rome neyther will receaue
[Back to Top]that God hath freely geuen (wherein standeth infidelity) MarginaliaThe Church of Rome neyther taketh that which God doth geue. Neither doth seeke for that which they would haue, by lawfull meanes.neither yet will seeke the same there whereas thy shoulde, but in the merites and prayers of our Lady, of S. Iohn Baptiste, S. Peter, and Paul, S. Andrew S. Nicholas S. Thomas of Canterbury, and by the worthines of the materiall Crosse, and such other vnlawfull meanes, wherin standeth playne Idolatry. And yet such bookes as these can be suffered among the Catholyckes to be current as good, wholsome, and lawfull bookes, wheras the other which lead vs the true way from infidelity and blynd Idolatry to true Christianity, in no wise can be sufferable. But of this to complayne it is in vayne. Wherfore to passe from this Proclamation, let vs procede (God willing) in the course of our history.
[Back to Top]The Rerum merely mentions that Nicholas Chamberlain was burnt at Colchester on 11 June 1555 (he was actually burned on 14 June) and that on 12 June (actually 15 June) William Butler was burned at Harwich and Thomas Osmund at Manningtree, Essex (Rerum, p. 462).
All the factual information Foxe would print on these martyrs appeared in the 1563 edition. Unusually there is no material on these martyrs from their families, friends and sympathisers; all of the factual material on Osmund, Bamford and Chamberlain comes from Bonner's official records, probably a court book which is now lost. Foxe always preferred, whenever possible, to rely on the writings ofprotestants for his accounts of the martyrs and not on official documents. The reason was that official accounts were inevitably hostile to the martyrs. Foxe was acutely aware of this problem and, in the 1570 edition, he added a brief set of notes to the articles presented against Osmund, Bamford and Chamberlain warning readers of the bias in the official documents.
[Back to Top]As is usual, the glosses in this section are mainly narrative pointers and references to articles and answers (with 1563 giving only numbers, while later editions provide fuller references). There is some confusion in this section about the names of the martyrs, and this is reflected in the glosses. There is also a reference back to an earlier mention of the martyrs which is not accurate ('Tho. Osmund, W. Bamford, Tho. Osborne, Martyrs. Read before. Page. 1766' [1570]; 'Thomas Osmund, William Bamford, Thomas Osburne, Martyrs. Read before pag. 1508' [1576; 1583]).
[Back to Top]The fates of these six show the persecution spreading and taking a lethal turn. These figures were not targeted for persecution until they defied the authorities, and the willingness of people to risk their lives in such a defiance must have been a rude shock to the authorities. However, once the six were arrested, they were dealt with with relentless speed; they were arrested on 1 May and three of them were burned six weeks later. Compare this with the six months it took to bring John Bradford to the stake and eleven months it took to do this to John Philpot. Obviously the six were given a chance to recant, since three of them did so, but the elaborate pains taken with more prominent people with influential friends, whose conversion would have been propaganda coups for Mary's regime, were not taken with these obscure figures.
[Back to Top]The letter from Oxford to Bonner, the articles objected against the martyrs and their answers were all taken from Bonner's official records, probably from a court book which is now missing.
AFter our harty commendations vnto your good Lordship, this shalbe to aduertise the same, that þe Constables of Coxhall within your Diocesse, haue brought before vs this day vi. persons dwellyng in the town if Coxehal aforesayd, whose names hereafter doe folowe, videlicet: MarginaliaSixe prisoners sent by the Earle of Oxford to Boner.Nicolas Chamberlayn Weuer, Iohn Wallet Fuller, Thomas Brody Weuer, Richard Webbe Weuer, William Bamford, alias Butler Weuer, and Thomas Osborne Fuller, for that they, at the feast of Easter now last, haue not obeyed to the order of the holy Catholycke Churche in receiuyng of the Sacramentes: but obstinatly refusing the same, besides the holdyng of diuers other opinions, contrary to the fayth of the sayd Church. Wherfore we haue thought it good to send the same persons vnto your good Lordship, further to bee ordered, as in such case shall appertayne. Thus we commit your good Lordshyp to the kepyng of almighty God. From Hedyngham the fyrst day of May. 1555.
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Your Lordshyppes assuredly,
Oxeford. Philip Paris.
Thus the sayd prisoners beyng sent vp the fyrst day of May, were brought before the sayd byshop the xvij. of the sayd moneth to be examined, vpon diuers and sundry Articles ministred and obiected agaynst them:MarginaliaOsmund, Chamberlayne, and their fellowes brought before Byshop Boner. wherunto they were compelled to aunswere and to put their handes to the same: the copye of whiche their Articles and aunsweres, beyng all one in forme and effect (if the Register say true) here foloweth.
[Back to Top]The letter from Oxford to Bonner, the articles objected against the martyrs and their answers were all taken from Bonner's official records, probably from a court book which is now missing.
MarginaliaArticles ministred vnto them by the Byshop.1. FIrst that thou Thomas Osmund Fuller, wast and art of the Parish of Coxehall, within the Dioces of London, and thou hast not beleued nor doest beleue that there is here in the earth one Catholicke & vniuersall whole Church, which doth hold and beleue all the fayth and Religion of Christ, and all the necessary Articles and Sacramētes of the same.
[Back to Top]2. Item, that thou hast not beleued nor doest beleue þt thou art necessarily bounden vnder the payne of damnation of thy soule, to geue full fayth and credence vnto the sayd Catholicke and MarginaliaThe Popes Church falsly termed by the name of the vniuersal Church.vniuersall Churche, and to the fayth and Religion of the same in al necessary poynts of the said faith & religiō, without doubtyng or waueryng in the sayd fayth and Religion, or in any part therof.
[Back to Top]3. Item, that thou hast not beleued that the fayth and religion, whiche both the Churche of Rome, Italy, Spayn, England, Fraunce, Ireland, Scotland, and al other Chur-