MarginaliaAn. 1555. Iuly.Seru. Then we let you, therefore the liuyng God be with you.
Brad. And wyth you also, and blesse you.
Seru. Amen, said we, and gaue hym thankes, & departed.
THus styll in prison continued Bradford, vntyll the moneth of Iuly, in such labors & suffrings as he before alwayes had susteyned in prison. MarginaliaM. Bradford had from the Counter to Newgate by night.But when the tyme of his determined death was come, he was sodenly conueyed out of the Counter where he was prisoner, in the night season to Newgate, as afore is declared, & frō thence he was caried the next mornyng to Smithfield, where he constantly abidyng in the same truth of God, which before he had confessed, earnestly exhorting the people to repent & to returne to Christ, & sweetly comforting the godly young springal
A stripling or youth [OED].
Note that Foxe gave Leaf's age as 18 in the 1563 edition; someone must have corrected Foxe on this point between 1563 and 1570.
WIth whō also was burnt one MarginaliaIohn Leafe felow Martyr with M. Bradford.Iohn Leafe, an apprentice to Humfrey Gawdy Tallow Chaundelour, of the parish of Christs church in London, of the age of xix. yeres and aboue, borne at Kirkeby Moreside, in the Countie of Yorke: who vpō the fryday next before Palme sonday MarginaliaIohn Leafe of the parish of Christechurch by the Alderman of that warde committed to prison.was cōmitted to the Counter in Breadstreate, by an Alderman of London, who had rule and charge of that warde or part of the Citie, where the said Leafe dyd dwell. After, he cōmyng to examination before Boner, gaue a firme & Christian testimonie of his doctrine & profession, answering to such articles as were obiected to hym by the said Bishop.
[Back to Top]MarginaliaIohn Leafe examined before B. Boner.First,
The brevity and formality of Leaf's examination suggest that Foxe copied it, together with his condemnation and sentence, from a now lost official record.
Foxe added a marginal note to 'explain' that when Leaf stated that the priest only delivered bread and wine to the celebrants, he was declaring that transubstantiation did not take place, but he was not denying that the ceremony was a sacrament and had spiritual effects on the partakers of it. In addition to Foxe's concern to avoid sacramentarianism, this note suggests that Foxe was reporting Leaf's words accurately, otherwise he would not have had to explain them away.
[Back to Top]Vpon these his answeares and testimonie of his fayth, he at that tyme beyng dismissed, was byd the Monday next, beyng the. x. of Iune to appeare again in the said place, there and then to heare the sentence of his condemnation: who so did. At what tyme the foresaide Bishop propounding the said articles againe to hym, as before, assaying by all maner of wayes, to reuoke hym to his owne trade, that is, from truth to errour, notwithstanding al his perswasions, threates, and promises, founde hym the same man styl, so planted vpon the sure rocke of truth, that no woordes nor deedes of men could remoue hym.
[Back to Top]Then the Bishop after many wordes to and fro, at last asked hym, if he had bene M. Rogers scholler?
I.e., he is asking if John Rogers had taught him his theological beliefs.
MarginaliaIohn Leafe sealed the bil of his confessions with his bloud.It is reported
This anecdote was not printed by Foxe until 1570, so he received it from a different source from the source (or sources) which supplied him with the account of Leaf and Bradford at the stake.
his examinations before the Bishop, when two byls were sent vnto hym in the Counter in Bredstreate, þe one conteynyng a recantation, the other his confessions, to knowe to which of them he would put to his hand, first hearyng the Byll of recantation red vnto hym (because he coulde not reade nor write hym selfe) that he refused. And when the other was read vnto hym, which he wel lyked of, in stead of a pen he tooke a pynne, and so pricking his hande, sprinkled the bloud vpon the sayd Byl, willyng the reader thereof, to shewe the Bishop, that he had sealed the same Byll with his bloud already.
[Back to Top]MarginaliaBradford and Iohn Leafe at the stake how they behaued them selues.FIrst, when they came to the stake in Smythfielde to be burned, M Bradford lying prostrate on the one side of the stake, and the young man Iohn Leafe on the other side, they lay flat on their faces, praying to thē selues the space a minute of an houre. Then one of the Sheriffes sayde to M. Bradford: Arise and make an ende, for the prease of the people is great.
This is another indication of the size of the crowd at Bradford's execution.
At that worde they both stoode vp vpon their feete: and then M. Bradford tooke a fagot in his hand, and kissed it, and so likewise the stake. And when he had so done, he desired of the Sheriffes that his seruant might haue his rayment. For (sayde he) I haue nothyng els to geue hym: and besides that, he is a poore man. And the Sheriffe said, he should haue it. And so forthwith M. Bradford dyd put of his raymēt, & went to the stake: and holdyng vp his hands and casting his countenance to heauen, he said thus: MarginaliaThe wordes of M. Bradford to England.O England, England, repent thee of thy sinnes, repent thee of thy sinnes. Beware of Idolatrie, beware of false Antichristes: take heede they doo not deceiue you. And as he was speakyng these wordes, the Sheriffe bade tye hys handes, if he would not be quiet. O M. Sheriffe (said M. Bradford) I am quiet: God forgeue you this, maister Sheriffe. And one of the officers which made the fire, hearing M. Bradford so speaking to the Sheriffe, said: If you haue no better learnyng then that, you are but a foole, and were best to hold your peace. To the which wordes M. Bradford gaue no answeare: but asked all the world forgeuenes, and forgaue all the worlde, and prayed the poople to pray for him, and turned his head vnto the young man that suffered with hym, and sayde: Be of good comfort brother, for we shall haue a mery supper with the Lorde this night: and so spake no more woordes that any man dyd heare, but imbracyng the Reedes, sayd thus: MarginaliaThe saying of M. Bradford at his death.Strayt is the way, and narrowe is the gate that leadeth to eternal saluation, and fewe there be that finde it.
[Back to Top]And thus they both ended their mortall lyues, moste likest two Lambes, without any alteration of their countenaunce, beyng voyde of all feare, hopyng to obtayne the price of the game that they had long runne at: to the which I beseeche Almightye God happyly to conducte vs, thorowe the merites of Iesus Christe our Lorde and Saueour. Amen.
[Back to Top]MarginaliaA notable example of Gods hand vpon M. Woodrofe.TOuching M. Wodroffe the Sheriffe, mention is made a litle before, how churlishly here he answered M. Bradford at the stake, not sufferyng hym to speake, but cōmaundyng his handes to be tyed. &c. The like extremitie or worse, he vsed also before to M. Rogers: whereof ye haue heard before, pag. 1420.
See 1563, p.1215.
The sayde Wodroffe Sheriffe aboue mentioned, was ioyned in office with an other, called MarginaliaSyr Williā Chester commended.Syr William Chester, for the yeare. 1555. Betweene these two Sheriffes such difference there was of iudgement and Religion, that the one, that is, Maister Wodroffe, was woont commonly to laughe, the other to shedde teares at the death of Christes people.MarginaliaDifference betwene two Shriffes, M. Chester, and M. Woodrofe. And where as the other was woont to restrayne and to beate the people, whiche were desirous to take them by the handes that shoulde be burned:
This is an interesting indication of popular support for Bradford and Leaf.
Furthermore, here by the waye to note the seuere punishment of Gods hande agaynste the sayde Wodroffe, as agaynste all other suche cruell persecuters, so it happened, that within halfe a yeare after the burnyng of this blessed Martyr, the sayde Sheriffe was so striken on the right side
Notice how in 1570, Foxe updated the account of Woodruff's illness; Foxe was deeply committed to relating stories of providential justice befalling persecutors and, in this case, he seems to have made an effort to keep informed about Woodruff's fate over the years.