1634 [1608]
W. Hayle, G. King, T. Leyes, I. Wade, W. Andrew, R. Samuell Martyrs.
MarginaliaHayles wordes to the people. MarginaliaEx Regist.beware of this Idolatrer, and this Antichrist, poynting vnto the Bishop of London, and so was he deliuered to the
MarginaliaQ. Mary. An. 1555. August.MarginaliaThe Martyrdome of William Hayle at Barnet, about the end of August. Anno. 1555.¶ The martyrdome of William Haile.
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Commentary on the Woodcuts
This small cut is one of the two single-column blocks (that of Thomas Wattes, small cut [e] is the other) that show a martyr in an unlit pyre and with the pikes of armed men in the background. It too was repeated, though only once in the last two books of 1583, at page 2047. It already had a chip in its frame in 1570.
Sheriffes as an heretique to be burned, who sent hym to Barnet,
Commentary
In the months following the burning of John Bradford and John Leaf at the beginning of July 1555, the London authorities had heretics who had been convicted in the capital burned in villages surrounding it, instead of in Smithfield. This was undoubtedly due to fears of tumultous behaviour from the crowds drawn to the Smithfield executions.
[Back to Top] where, about the latter ende of August, he moste
constantly sealed vp his faith with the consumyng of his body by cruel fire, yeelding his soule vnto the Lorde Iesus his onely and most sure Redeemer.
¶ George Kyng, Thomas Leyes, Iohn Wade, sickened in prison, and were buried in the fieldes.
Commentary
George King, Thomas Leyes and John Wade
There was a great deal of confusion about the names of these martyrs. In the Rerum, there is a note stating that 'Richard Smith' and George 'Bing' died in Lollard's Tower in September 1555 (Rerum, p. 525). John Wade and Thomas Leyes are not mentioned in the Rerum. The 1563 edition corrects the name 'Bing' to King but it still names the non-existant 'Richard Smith'. Wade is still not named but Leyesis mentioned and described as having died in Newgate. In the 1570 edition, their names are finally correctly rendered as George King, Thomas Leyes and John Wade and they are all stated to have died in Lollard's Tower. Foxe probably obtained his scant information on this trio from oral sources: since they were not brought to trial or even examined, there was no accessible official record of them. The 1563 account was unchanged in subsequent editions.
[Back to Top]Marginalia3. Martyrs sickened in prison, and buried in the fieldes.YE hearde before, pag. 1599. of ten sundry persons sent out of Newgate by M. Hare & other Commissioners, to be examined of Boner bishop of London. Of whom sixe already haue bene executed in seueral places, as hath bene shewed: whose names were Elizabeth Warne, George Tankerfield, Robert Smith, Steuen Harwod, Thomas Fust, & William Haile. Other three, to wit, MarginaliaGeorge King Tho. Leyes, Iohn Wade, Martyrs.George King, Thomas Leyes, & Iohn Wade sickning in Lollardes Tower, were so weake that they were remoued into sundry houses within the citie of London, & there departed, and were cast out into the fieldes, and there buried by night of the faithful brethren, when none in the day durst do it, propter metū Iudeorum.
Latin/Greek Translations
Foxe narrative
Foxe text Latin
Propter metum Iudeorum.
Foxe text translation
Not translated.
Translation (Wade 2003)
Because of their fear of the Jews.
The last that remayned of this foresaid company, was
MarginaliaThe story of Ioane Layshford hereafter followeth among the Martyrs of the next yeare.Ioane Laysh or Layshford, the daughter in lawe to Iohn Warne & Elizabeth Warne martyrs, but because shee was repreued to a longer day, her story & martyrdome we wyll deferre tyll the moneth of Ianuary the next yeare folowing.
[Back to Top]¶ William Andrew.
MarginaliaWilliam Andrew buried in the fieldesTHe like catholike charitie was also shewed vpon Williā Andrew of Horsley
Commentary
William Andrew
The Rerum has a note stating that William Andrew died in Lollard's Tower in September 1555 (Rerum, p. 525). Foxe's complete account of Andrew, including Southwell's letter, first appeared in the 1563 edition. All of this material was drawn from official records, now lost, of the London diocese. The account of William Andrew was substantially unchanged in later editions.
[Back to Top] in the countie of Essex Carpenter, who was brought to Newgate the first day of April. 1555. by Iohn Motham
Commentary
John Motham's name was only introduced in the 1570 edition; it may have come from oral sources or it may have been a detail from the official documents which had been previously overlooked.
Constable of Mauldon in Essex. The first and principall promoter of hym was the Lorde Rich,
MarginaliaThe L. Rich the first sender vp of W. Andrew. who sent hym first to prison. An other great doer agaynst him also semeth to be sir Rich. Southwel knight, by a letter writtē by him to Boner, as by the copie hereof apereth.
Commentary
This letter had probably originally been copied into a court book of Bishop Bonner which contained the examinations of Andrew. This court book is now lost.
[Back to Top]¶ A letter sent to Boner Bishop of London, from Sir Richard Southwel knight.
PLeaseth it your Lordship to vnderstand, that the Lorde Rich did about seuen or eight weekes by past, send vp
¶ The picture describing the strayt handlyng of the close prisoners in Lollardes tower.
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Commentary on the Woodcuts
In conjoining two adjacent reports in the text, this woodcut appears (unusually) to misrepresent Foxe's account, by showing prisoners from two different prisons confined in one place. In 1570 Foxe changed his first report of the prisoners' locations, but the story still involved two prisons. The three men shown seated in the stocks (finally identifed as Thomas Leyes, John Wade and George King), part of the group of ten accused, some of whom featured in the illustration a few pages earlier, were indeed reported as awaiting trial by Bonner in the Lollards' Tower (the southern of the two western towers of old St Paul's Cathedral). There they became so ill that they were confined to houses in the city where they died. William Andrewe however, an Essex carpenter who had been sent up to the council by Sir Richard Rich, was imprisoned in Newgate after examination by Bonner. Depicted here collapsed on the straw, seemingly as broken as the pitcher beside him (his condition attributed in the text to 'straite handlynge' in prison) he died m Newgate. The author's verification of his stories is reflected in the changes of the prisoners' names. In 1563, the central figure in the stocks was labelled 'Ri. Smith', but in 1570 and thereafter, probably because of doubts about his reported death in prison, Smith was replaced by the correct name of John Wade. George King was named Thomas in 1563, corrected to George in 1570. The typeface label for Andrewe, originally set upside down as 'Androws' (1563) and then 'Andrew' (1570), was only placed the right way up in the block in 1583. This illustration therefore shows the endeavour to provide accuracy, as reflected in the changes to the names, combined with the pictorial licence of representing in one prison individuals who were incarcerated in different places. However, the latter procedure may be seen as analogous to the temporal elisions that appear elsewhere (with separate episodes of one narrative being set in a single picture frame), itself an old and accepted device of pictorial narrative. A comparable picture of prison stocks appears in the scene of 'Maister Philpots beyng in the Colehouse'.
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