MarginaliaAnno. 1556. Marche.these bee not the fruites of your Gospell. I referre mee to this worshipfull audience: whether the sayed Gospell began not with periurie, proceeded with adulterie, was maintained with heresie, and ended in conspiracy.MarginaliaAn other false sclaunder of D. Martyn.
Now Syr, two pointes more I marked in your ragyng discourse that you made here: the one against the holy Sacrament: the other against the Popes iurisdiction, and the authoritie of the Sea Apostolicke.
Touchyng the first, MarginaliaDoctrine of the Sacrament.ye say you haue Gods word with you, yea and all the Doctors. I woulde here aske but one question of you: whether Gods woord be contrary to it selfe, and whether the Doctors teache doctrine contrary to them selues, or no? For you Master Cranmer, haue taught in this high Sacrament of the Aultar thre contrary doctrines, and yet you pretended in euery one, Verbum Domini.
[Back to Top]Cran. Nay, I taught but two contrary doctrines in the same.
Mart. What doctrine taught you when you condemned Lambert the Sacramentary in the kyngs presence in Whitehall?
Cran. I mainteined then the Papistes doctrine.
Mart. That is to saye, the Catholicke and vniuersall doctrine of Christes Churche.MarginaliaSo was saincte Augusten firste a Pagane, then a Manichee, and then a Catholicke. And howe when Kyng Henry died? did you not translate Iustas Ionas booke?
Cran. I did so.
Martin. Then there you defended an other doctrine touchyng the Sacrament: by the same token, that you sent to Lynne your Printer, that where as in the firste Print there was an affirmatiue, that is to saie, Christes body really in the sacrament, you sent then to your Printer to put in a not, whereby it came miraculouslie to passe, that Christes body was cleane conueied out of the Sacrament.
[Back to Top]Cranmer. I remember there were two Printes of my saide booke, but where the same not was put in, I can not tell.
Mart. Then from a Lutherane ye became a Zuinglian, whiche is the vilest heresie of all in the high mistery of the Sacrament, and for the same heresie you did helpe to burne Lambert the Sacramentary, which you now call the Catholicke faith and Gods word.
Cran. I graunt that then I beleued otherwise then I do now: and so I did vntill my Lord of London D. Ridley did cōferre with me,MarginaliaDoct. Cranmer first won to the knowledge of the Sacrament by B. Ridley. and by sondry persuasions and authorities of Doctours draw me quite from my opinion.
Mart. MarginaliaSupremacie of the Pope.Now Syr, as touchyng the laste parte of your Oration, you denied that the Popes holines was Supreme head of the Church of Christ.
Cran. I did so.
Mart. Who say you then is supreme head?
Cran. Christ.
Mart. But whom hath Christe lefte here in earth hys Vicar and head of his Church?
Cran. No body.
Mart. Ah, why tolde you not Kyng Henry this when you made hym Supreme head? and nowe no bodie is. This is treason against his owne person, as you then made him.
Cran. MarginaliaKyng Henrie was not Supreme head, but onely of his owne Realme The Pope wil bee vniuersall head ouer all.I meane not but euerie king in his owne Realm and dominion is supreme head, and so was he supreme head of the Church of Christ in England.
Mart. Is this alwaies true? and was it euer so in Christes Church?
Cran. It was so.
Mart. Then what saie you by Nero: he was the mightiest Prince of the earthe after Christe was ascended: was he head of Christes Church?
Cran. Nero was Peters head.
Mart. I aske whether Nero was head of the Church or no? if he were not, it is false that you said before, that all Princes bee and euer were heades of the Churche within their Realmes.
Cran. Nay it is true, for Nero was head of the church, that is, in worldly respect of the Temporall bodies of men, of whom the church consisteth: for so he beheaded Peter and the Apostles. And the Turke too is head of the Church in Turky.
Mart. Then he that beheaded þe heades of the church and crucified the Apostles, was head of Christes Church, and he that was neuer member of the church, is head of the Churche, by your new founde vnderstandyng of Gods worde.
¶ It is not to be supposed contrary, but much other matter passed in this communication betwene them,
especiallye on the Archbishops behalfe. Whose aunsweres I doe not thinke to be so sclender, nor altogether in the same forme of wordes framed, if the truthe, as it was, might be knowen:
This is special pleading by Foxe; Martin's questioning of Cranmer was very destructive (see MacCulloch, Cranmer, p. 577).
It followed then (saith this reporter) when the Archbishop thus had aunswered and the standers by began to murmur against him, the Iudges not cōtented with his aunsweres, willed him to aunswere directly to the Interrogatories: which Interrogatories articulated against him in forme of law, wer these vnder folowing.
[Back to Top]MarginaliaInterrogatories laied against the Archbishop.1. JNterrog. Firste was obiected, that he the foresaid Thom. Cranmer, being yet free, and before he entered into holy orders, maried one Ioane surnamed blacke or browne, dwellyng at the Signe of the Dolphine in Cambridge.
MarginaliaThe firste mariage of the Archbishoppe.Aunswere. Whereunto he aunswered, that whether she was called blacke or browne, he knewe not, but that he maried there one Ioane, that he graunted.
2. Interro. That after the death of the foresaid wife, he entered into holy orders, & after that was made Archbishop by the Pope.
Auns. He receaued (hee saide) a certeine Bull of the Pope, whiche he deliuered vnto the king, & was Archbishop by hym.
MarginaliaThe seconde mariage of the Archbishoppe.3. Inter. Item, that he beyng in holy orders, maried an other woman, as his second wife, named Anne, and so was twise maried.
Auns. To this he graunted.
4. Inter. Item, in the time of Kyng Henry 8. he kept the said wife secretly, and had children by her.
Auns. Hereunto he also graunted: affirming that it was better for hym to haue his own, then to do like other Priests, holdyng and keping other mens wiues.
5. Inter. Item, in the tyme of kyng Edward he brought out the said his wife openly, affirmyng and professyng publickly the same to be his wife.
Auns. He denied not but he so did, and lawfully might doe the same, for asmuche as the lawes of the Realme did so permit hym.
6. Inter. Item, that he shamed not openly to glory hym selfe to haue had his wife in secret many yeares.
Auns. And though hee so did (hee saide) there was no cause why he should be ashamed therof.
MarginaliaThe Archbishop charged with his doctrine and bookes.7. Inter. Item, that the said Tho. Crāmer falling afterward into the depe bottome of errours, did flie and recuse the authoritie of the Churche, did hold & folow the heresie concerning the Sacrament of the aultar, & also did compile, and caused to be set abroad diuers bokes.
[Back to Top]Auns. Wherunto, when the names of the bookes were recited to hym, he denied not such bokes which he was the true authour of. As touching the treatise of Peter Martyr vpon the Sacrament, he denied that hee euer sawe it before it was abroad, yet did approue and well like of the same. As for the Catechisme,
Foxe is presumably referring to Cranmer's 1553 catechism; for a discussion of this work see MacCulloch, Cranmer, pp. 535-37.
The Forty-two Articles (1552-3), the statement of doctrine for the Edwardian church.
Thomas Cranmer, An answeare unto a crafty cavillation by S. Gardiner(London: 1551), STC 5991.
8. Inter. Item, that hee compelled many agaynste there willes to subscribe to the same Articles.
Auns. He exhorted (hee saide) suche as were willyng to subscribe: but against their willes, he compelled none.
9. Inter. Item, for so muche hee surceased not to perpetrate enorme and inordinate crimes, hee was therefore cast into the Tower, and from thence was brought to Oxforde, at what tyme it was commonly thought that the Parlament there should be holden.
Auns. To this he saide, that he knewe no suche enorme and inordinate crimes, that euer he committed.
10. Inter. Item, that in the said Citie of Oxforde, he did openly mainteine his heresie, and there was conuicted vpon the same.
Auns. He defended (he saide) there the cause of the Sacrament, but to be conuicted in the same that he denied.
11. Inter. Item, when he perseuered still in the same, hee was by the publicke censure of the vniuersity, pronoūced an hereticke, and his bookes to be hereticall.