Thematic Divisions in Book 11
1. The Martyrdom of Rogers 2. The Martyrdom of Saunders 3. Saunders' Letters 4. Hooper's Martyrdom 5. Hooper's Letters 6. Rowland Taylor's Martyrdom 7. Becket's Image and other events 8. Miles Coverdale and the Denmark Letters 9. Bonner and Reconciliation 10. Judge Hales 11. The Martyrdom of Thomas Tomkins 12. The Martyrdom of William Hunter 13. The Martyrdom of Higbed and Causton 14. The Martyrdom of Pigot, Knight and Laurence 15. Robert Farrar's Martyrdom 16. The Martyrdom of Rawlins/Rowland White17. The Restoration of Abbey Lands and other events in Spring 155518. The Providential Death of the Parson of Arundel 19. The Martyrdom of John Awcocke 20. The Martyrdom of George Marsh 21. The Letters of George Marsh 22. The Martyrdom of William Flower 23. The Martyrdom of Cardmaker and Warne 24. Letters of Warne and Cardmaker 25. The Martyrdom of Ardley and Simpson 26. John Tooly 27. The Examination of Robert Bromley [nb This is part of the Tooly affair]28. The Martyrdom of Thomas Haukes 29. Letters of Haukes 30. The Martyrdom of Thomas Watts 31. Censorship Proclamation 32. Our Lady' Psalter 33. Martyrdom of Osmund, Bamford, Osborne and Chamberlain34. The Martyrdom of John Bradford 35. Bradford's Letters 36. William Minge 37. James Trevisam 38. The Martyrdom of John Bland 39. The Martyrdom of Frankesh, Middleton and Sheterden 40. Sheterden's Letters 41. Examinations of Hall, Wade and Polley 42. Martyrdom of Christopher Wade 43. Nicholas Hall44. Margery Polley45. Martyrdom of Carver and Launder 46. Martyrdom of Thomas Iveson 47. John Aleworth 48. Martyrdom of James Abbes 49. Martyrdom of Denley, Newman and Pacingham 50. Richard Hooke 51. Martyrdom of William Coker, et al 52. Martyrdom of George Tankerfield, et al 53. Martyrdom and Letters of Robert Smith 54. Martyrdom of Harwood and Fust 55. Martyrdom of William Haile 56. George King, Thomas Leyes and John Wade 57. William Andrew 58. Martyrdom of Robert Samuel 59. Samuel's Letters 60. William Allen 61. Martyrdom of Roger Coo 62. Martyrdom of Thomas Cobb 63. Martyrdom of Catmer, Streater, Burwood, Brodbridge, Tutty 64. Martyrdom of Hayward and Goreway 65. Martyrdom and Letters of Robert Glover 66. Cornelius Bungey 67. John and William Glover 68. Martyrdom of Wolsey and Pigot 69. Life and Character of Nicholas Ridley 70. Ridley's Letters 71. Life of Hugh Latimer 72. Latimer's Letters 73. Ridley and Latimer Re-examined and Executed74. More Letters of Ridley 75. Life and Death of Stephen Gardiner 76. Martyrdom of Webb, Roper and Park 77. William Wiseman 78. James Gore 79. Examinations and Martyrdom of John Philpot 80. Philpot's Letters 81. Martyrdom of Thomas Whittle, Barlett Green, et al 82. Letters of Thomas Wittle 83. Life of Bartlett Green 84. Letters of Bartlett Green 85. Thomas Browne 86. John Tudson 87. John Went 88. Isobel Foster 89. Joan Lashford 90. Five Canterbury Martyrs 91. Life and Martyrdom of Cranmer 92. Letters of Cranmer 93. Martyrdom of Agnes Potten and Joan Trunchfield 94. Persecution in Salisbury Maundrell, Coberly and Spicer 95. William Tyms, et al 96. Letters of Tyms 97. The Norfolk Supplication 98. Martyrdom of John Harpole and Joan Beach 99. John Hullier 100. Hullier's Letters 101. Christopher Lister and five other martyrs 102. Hugh Lauerocke and John Apprice 103. Katherine Hut, Elizabeth Thacknell, et al 104. Thomas Drury and Thomas Croker 105. Thomas Spicer, John Deny and Edmund Poole 106. Persecution of Winson and Mendlesam 107. Gregory Crow 108. William Slech 109. Avington Read, et al 110. Wood and Miles 111. Adherall and Clement 112. A Merchant's Servant Executed at Leicester 113. Thirteen Burnt at Stratford-le-Bow114. Persecution in Lichfield 115. Hunt, Norrice, Parret 116. Martyrdom of Bernard, Lawson and Foster 117. Examinations of John Fortune118. John Careless 119. Letters of John Careless 120. Martyrdom of Julius Palmer 121. Agnes Wardall 122. Peter Moone and his wife 123. Guernsey Martyrdoms 124. Dungate, Foreman and Tree 125. Martyrdom of Thomas More126. Martyrdom of John Newman127. Examination of John Jackson128. Examination of John Newman 129. Martyrdom of Joan Waste 130. Martyrdom of Edward Sharpe 131. Four Burnt at Mayfield at Sussex 132. John Horne and a woman 133. William Dangerfield 134. Northampton Shoemaker 135. Prisoners Starved at Canterbury 136. More Persecution at Lichfield
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1831 [1793]

Q. Mary. iij. Women burnt in Smithfield. ij. Men at Glocester. iij. Men at Beckles.

Marginalia1556. Maye.him selfe, of the which Sacrament (contrary to the nature of a Sacrament) the aduersaryes are wont to make an Idoll seruice: to this she protestyng openly her mynde, sayd as followeth: MarginaliaThe wordes and profession of Ioane Hornes touching the Sacrament.If you can make your God to shedde bloud, or to shew any condition of a true liuely body, then will I beleue you: but it is but bread (as touchyng the substaunce therof) meanyng the matter wherof the Sacrament consisteth: and that you call heresie, I trust to serue my Lord God in. &c.

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And as concernyng the Romish sea, she sayd: my Lord (speakyng to Boner) I forsake all his abhominations, and from them good Lord deliuer vs. From this her stable and constaunt assertion, when the Byshop was to weake to remoue her, and to ignoraunt to conuince her, MarginaliaThe Butcherly axe of Boner.he knockt her downe with the butcherly axe of his sentence. And so the holy Virgine and Martyr committed to the shambles of the secular sword, was offered vp with her other felowes a burnt sacrifice to the Lord, In odorem bonæ fragrantiæ,  

Latin/Greek Translations   *   Close
Foxe text narrative, possibly citing Ephesians, 5. 2.
Foxe text Latin

In odorem bonae fragrantiae.

Foxe text translation

in the sauour of a sweete and pleasaunt smell.

Actual text of Ephesians, 5. 2. (Vulgate)

et hostiam Deo in odorem suavitatis.

[Especially in view of the context of ahostiam(sacrificial victim), it would seem that Foxe is thinking of this passage in Ephesians.]

in the sauour of a sweete and pleasaunt smell.

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MarginaliaMargaret Ellys dyed in newgate.As touchyng Margaret Ellys, she likewise perseueryng in her foresayd confession, and resistyng the false Catholicke errours and heresies of the Papistes, was by the sayd Boner adiudged and condemned: but before the tyme of her burnyng came, preuented by death in Newgate prison, departed and slept in the Lord.

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MarginaliaElizabeth Thackuell, Mayd and Martyr.No lesse strength in the grace of the Lord appeared in the other mayde Elizabeth Thackuell, whose hart & mynde the Lord had so confirmed in his truth, so armed with patience, that as her aduersaries could by no sufficient knowledge of Scripture conuict her affirmation, so by no forceable attemptes they could remoue her confession. Whereupon she standyng to the death, beyng in lyke sorte condemned, by the sayd vnbyshoplyke *Marginalia* i. A persecutor. πλὴκτησ, gaue her lyfe willyngly and mildly for the confirmation and sealyng vp of the sincere truth of Gods word.

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MarginaliaThe Martyrdome of Katherine Hutte, Ioane Hornes, Elizabeth Thackuell, in Smithfielde. Anno. 1556. May. 16.¶ The Martyrdome of three women.

woodcut [View a larger version]

Commentary on the Woodcuts   *   Close
The woodcut (Type 1) seems to portray the description of the three young women dying 'joyfully in the flaming fire'. The image was not reused.

These three innocent and godly women, thus falsly and wrongfully by men condemned for the iust quarell and cause of Gods Gospell, were had to Smithfield, and there cruelly bounde to the stake, gaue their bodyes to the tormentours, their spirites they commended to GOD. For whose glory they were willyng and ready to suffer what soeuer the cruell handes of their enemyes should worke agaynst them, dying more ioyfully in þe flamyng fire, then some of thē þt burned them, did peraduenture in their beddes. Such a Lord is God, glorious & wonderfull in all his Saintes. The Martyrdome of these Saintes of God was the 16. of May.

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¶ Thomas Drowry a blynd boy, and Thomas Croker  
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Thomas Drowry and Thomas Croker

In the 1563 edition these two martyrs were unnamed; their names were only added in the 1570 edition. And Thomas Croker's name may be incorrect; the writ authorizing his execution gives his first name as John (PRO C/85/203/2).

Briclayer, Martyrs.  
Commentary   *   Close

All Foxe had on these two martyrs in the 1563 edition, was that a bricklayer and a blind boy were burned at Gloucester around 1556 and that the blind boy was the one who had been mentioned in the narrative of John Hooper's execution. In the 1570 edition, Foxe added the names of these two martyrs. In the 1583 edition, Foxe added an account of Thomas Drowry's final examination and condemnation which Foxe obtained from John Louth, who had been chancellor of Gloucester.

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MarginaliaMay. 5.MarginaliaTho. Drowry a blind boy, and Thom. Croker, Martyrs.YE heard a litle before, of two men, the one blynd, the other lame, whiche suffered about the xv. of May. And here is not to bee fogotten an other as godly a couple, whiche suffered the lyke passion and Martyrdome for the same cause of Religion at Glocester:MarginaliaPersecution at Glocester. of the whiche two, the one was the blynd boy, named Thomas Drowry,MarginaliaOf this blynde boy, reed before pag. 1435. mentioned before in the history of Byshoppe Hoper, whom the sayd vertuous Byshop confirmed then in the Lord, and in the doctrine of his word.

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With him also was burned an other in the same place, and at þe same fire in Glocester, about the v. of May, whose name was Thomas Croker Briclayer.

¶ Persecution in Suffolke. Three burnt at Beckles. May. 21.  
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Spicer, Denny and Poole

In the 1563 edition, Foxe summarized the official records of the examinations of these three martyrs and presented a detailed account of their executions. He also charged that these martyrs had been burned illegally, as a writ for their execution had not been obtained. In the 1570 edition, Foxe added material from an individual informant on the arrest of Thomas Spicer. He also copied out the articles against the martyrs in full and elaborated on the reasons why the writs aurthorizing their execution were not delivered. The sentences against the three martyrs, apparently removed from the original record book, survive among Foxe's papers as BL, Harley 421, fos. 164r-165v.

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MarginaliaThe Martyrdome of three men burned at Beckleyes.AFter the death of these aboue rehearsed, were three men burnt at Beckles in Suffolke, in one fire, about the xxi, day of May. an. 1556. Whose names are here vnder specified.


Thomas Spicer, of
Wynston, Laborer.

Iohn Deny, and
Edmund  
Commentary   *   Close

His name was given as William Poole in 1563 and corrected in 1570.

Pole.

This Thomas Spicer was a single man  

Commentary   *   Close

The description of Spicer and his arrest which follows undoubtedly came from an individual informant and not from an official record.

of the age of xix. yeares, and by vocation a Labourer, dwellyng in Wynston in the County of Suffolke, and there taken in his masters house in Sommer, about or anone after the rising of the Sunne (beyng in his bed) by MarginaliaIames Ling, Iohn Keretch, Will Dauies, persecutors.Iames Ling and Iohn Keretch of the same Towne, and William Dauyes of Debnam, in the sayd County.

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The occasion of his takyng was, for that he would not go to their Popish Church to heare Masse, and receiue their Idole at the commaundement of Syr Iohn Tyrrell Knight, of Gyppyng hall in Suffolke, and certaine other Iustices there, who sent both him and them to Eay doungeon in Suffolke, till at length they were all three together brought before MarginaliaDunning, Minges persecutors.Dunnyng then Chauncellour of Norwich, and M. Mynges the Register,  

Commentary   *   Close

William Mingey, the registrar for the diocese of Norwich, died in 1565. In the 1563 edition, before Mingey's death, Foxe only identifies him as 'Master M'. After his death, his full surname is given.

sittyng at the Towne of Beckles to be examined.

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And there the sayd Chauncellour perswadyng what he could to turne them from the truth, could by no meanes preuayle of his purpose. Whereby myndyng in the ende to giue Sentence on them, he burst out in teares, intreatyng them to remēber thē selues, & to turne agayne to the holy mother Church, for that they were deceaued and out of the truth, & that they should not wilfully cast away them selues, with such lyke wordes.

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Now, as he was thus labouryng them and seemed very loth to read the Sentence (for they were the first that hee cōdemned in that Dioces) the Register there sittyng by  

Commentary   *   Close

Note that this was passage was much more critical of Mingey in the 1563 edition and was subsequently toned down.

beyng weery, belyke, of tarying, or els perceauyng the constant Martyrs to be at a point, called vpō the Chaūcellour in hast to rid them out of the way, and to make and end. At which wordes the Chauncellour read the cōdemnation ouer them with teares, and deliuered them to the secular power.

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¶ Their Articles.  
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These articles were summarized in 1563 and printed out in full in 1570. This was probably a result simply of Foxe having more time to copy out the records, but this thoroughness should increase the reader's suspicion that Foxe is concealing something when he does not print out such records.

THe Articles obiected to these and commonly to all other condemned in that Dioces by Doct. Hopton Byshop of Norwich, and by Dunnyng his Chauncellour, were these.

MarginaliaThe articles wherupon they were condemned. 1. First, was articulate against them, that they beleued not the Pope of Rome to bee supreme head immediately vnder Christ in earth of the vniuersall Catholicke Church.

2. Item, that they beleued not holy bread, and holy water, ashes, Palmes, MarginaliaCeremonyes.and all other lyke ceremonyes vsed in the Church, to be good and laudable for styrryng vp the people to deuotion.

3. Item, that they beleued not, MarginaliaSacrament of the Altar.after the wordes of consecratiō spokē by the Priest, the very naturall body of Christ, and no other substaunce of bread and wyne, to be in the Sacrament of the aultar.

4. Item, that they beleued it to bee Idolatry to worshyp Christ in the Sacrament of the aultar.

5. Item, that they tooke bread and wyne in remembraūce of Christes passion.

6. Item, that they would not folow the crosse in processiō nor be confessed to a Priest.

7. Item, that they affirmed no mortall man to haue in him selfe free will to do good or euill.

For this doctrine and Articles aboue prefixed, these three (as is aforesayd) were condemned by Doctour Dunnyng, and committed to the power secular, Syr Iohn Silliard beyng the same tyme hyghe Sheriffe of Northfolke and Suffolke.

And the next day followyng vpon the same, they were all burnt together in the sayd Towne of Beckles. Whereupon it is to be thought, that the write De comburendo, was not yet come downe, nor could not be,  

Commentary   *   Close

It was illegal to execute prisoners convicted of heresy without a writ from the lord chancellor; if this accusation was true, Silliard and the other authorities were technically guilty of murder. Writs, if they were issued for these three martyrs, do not survive.

the Lord Chauncel-

lour