Marginalia1557. Iune.Arch. The Archdeacon asked me, whether Christ tooke not one thyng, and gaue an other?
Auns. I said, looke what he brake, he gaue vnto them, & bad them eate: and other answere I wyll make none, contrary to the word.
Arch. Then he said, he merueyled why I would not beleue them, seeing this learnyng had continued this fifteene hundred yeares: neyther yet dyd say, as other had before, how Christ dyd call it his body.
Auns. Then I sayd, when Cranmer which was here Bishop, was in authoritie, he sayd, that he dyd hold the truth, and commaunded vs to beleue hym, and he hath geuen his lyfe for his opinion, and would you haue me to beleue you, because you say, that you hold the truth? & that which makes me beleue chiefly, is the Scripture, which I am sure is the truth in deede.
[Back to Top]Bish. The Bishop said, he had spoken the truth, & that I would not beleue hym.
Auns. I sayd, if he dyd not now speake the truth, I was sure he had spoken the truth, for he had preached before, Doctrine cleane contrary vnto this.
Then were the rest of my articles read: which I answeared, and in euery article, we had vp this breaden God. And they sent for a candle light, and I thought they would haue condemned me, but God would not suffer their cruell hartes to haue their pleasure at that tyme: blessed be his name for euermore, Amen.
[Back to Top]Arch. Then the Archdeacon was angry, & began to chide with me, because I would not desire a day of the Bishop, and sayd: I was a noughty stubborne felow, and said, it had ben my duetie to haue desired hym to haue ben good to me, that I might haue a day.
Auns. Then I sayd: I haue spoken the truth, and therfore I would aske hym no day, except he would geue me a day of his owne mynd.
Commis. Then said the Commissary: Doest thou not thinke that thou mayest be deceyued, seeing he may be deceiued that hath gone to study all the dayes of his lyfe?
Auns. I sayd, Yes, I might be deceyued in that I was a man: but I was sure Gods word could not be deceyued.
Commiss. Then he prayed me to be content, and confesse that I might learne, and sayd, they would be glad to teache me.
Anns. And I said, I would be as glad to learne as any man. And thus they rose vp & went away, saying nothing.
What became of this Mathew Playse after, whether he dyed in prison, or was executed, or deliuered, I haue as yet no certayne knowledge.
Almost all of Foxe's narrative of the seven martyrs burned on 22 June 1557 is devoted to Woodman and almost all of the account of Woodman is based on the martyr's own writings. In the 1563 edition, Foxe printed Woodman's accounts of his six exaninations (apparently written for the benefit of Woodman's fellow believers). He also printed Woodman's letter to Mrs Roberts. In the 1570 edition, Foxe rearranged the material he had printed in his first edition. He also added Woodman's account of his capture and second arrest on 15 March 1556. There were no changes made to this account in subsequent editions.
[Back to Top]Foxe's account of Woodman does not make sense unless one understands the legal context of Woodman's two imprisonments. At the beginning of 1554, Woodman publicly 'admonished' the rector of Warbleton for backsliding from the protestant teachings he had professed during Edward VI's reign. Woodman was then arrested for violating a statute (1 Mary 2 c. 3) forbidding the harassment ofclergy while they were performing their duties (see 1563, p. 1599; 1570, pp. 2189-90, 1576, p. 1875 and 1583, pp. 1948-49). Woodman was brought before two quarter sessions and, in June 1554, sent to Bishop Bonner. This was a move of dubious legality, as Bonner had no conceivable jurisdiction over Woodman; nevertheless Woodman was imprisoned in the King's Bench until November 1555. Woodman was then imprisoned in Bonner's palace while the Bishop interrogated him. Woodman had been studying the law and he pointed out that the rector of Warbleton had been married and thus, under Marian law, he was not a legitimate clergyman when Woodman had publicly denounced him.
[Back to Top]This technicality secured Woodman's release on 18 December 1555. Woodman then returned to his native Sussex where he became an itinerant lay preacher. Woodman's activities created a local uproar and warrants were issued for his arrest. Woodman went into hiding and then fled overseas. After his second arrest, described in Foxe, Woodman insisted that he be tried by his ordinary, the bishop of Chichester. Unfortunately for the authorities, the bishop-designate of Chichester, John Christopherson, had not been consecrated and thus could not preside over Woodman's trial. Finally, the authorities found a way around this by having the cardinal use his legatine authority to appoint Nicholas Harpsfield, the archdeacon of Canterbury, as Woodman's ordinary. Woodman was then duly tried and executed.
[Back to Top]MarginaliaIune. 22.IN the towne of Lewes were ten faythfull seruauntes of God put in one fire, the. xxij. day of Iune, whose names here followe.MarginaliaX. Godly Martyrs.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. | Richard woodman. George Steuens. W. Maynard. Alexāder Hosmā. his seruaunt. Tomasin a Wood Maynards Mayd. | 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. | Margery Morys. Iames Morys, her sonne. Denys Burgis. Ashdons wyfe. Groues wyfe. |
Of the which number Richard Woodman was the first. Concernyng whose apprehension first by his enimies, and of his deliuerance out of B. Boners hands, then of his second taking agayne by the procurement of his father, brother, kinsfolkes, and frends, also of his sundry examinatiōs and couragious answeres before the bishops, & lastly of his condemnation, and of his letters sent to his faithful frends, here foloweth to be declared by his owne words, and relation reported. MarginaliaThe lyfe and storye of Rich. Woodman.Which Rich. Woodman, by his occupatiō was an Ironmaker, dwelling in the Parish of Warbleton, in the Countie of Sussex, and Dioces of Chichester, of the age of thirty yeares, and somwhat more. The occasion of his first apprehension was this.
[Back to Top]There was one Fayrebanke,MarginaliaFayrebanke preaching contrary to hymselfe. who somtymes had ben a maryed Priest, and serued the Cure of Warbleton, where he had often perswaded the people not to credite any other doctrine but that which he thē preached, taught, & set forth in kyng Edwardes dayes. And afterward in the beginnyng of Queene Maryes raigne, the said Fayrebanke turnyng head to tayle, preached cleane contrary to that which he had before taught.
[Back to Top]Whereuppon Richard Woodman hearyng hym in the Church of Warbleton so to preache contrary to hym selfe, admonished hym of his inconstancie, howe before tyme
he had taught them one thyng and now an other, and desired hym to teache them the truth. For the which wordes he was apprehended, and brought before MarginaliaIustices of Sussex troublers of Richard Woodman, and what were there names.Maister Iohn Ashbornham, maister Toston, maister Culpeper, and maister Roberts, Iustices of peace in the Countie of Sussex: and by them committed to the Kynges Bench, where he continued from Iune, the space almost of a yeare and a halfe: and from thence was transferred by Doct. Story into Boners Colehouse, where he remayned the space of a moneth, before he came to examination.
[Back to Top]MarginaliaRichard Woodman deliuered out of his first trouble.At length, the same day, when Maister Philpot was burned, which was the. xviij. of December, he with foure other prisoners was deliuered, and set at libertie by Boner hym selfe. MarginaliaRichard Woodman agayne apprehended, and by whose meanes.Notwithstādyng shortly after he was sought for againe, and at last found out and taken by meanes of his father, brother, and certaine other his acquainted frendes, and so was sent vp againe to London to B. Boner, where he remayned in the Colehouse eight weekes. He was there sixe tymes examined, and. xxvj. tymes before, MarginaliaXXXij. examinations of Richard Woodman.so that his examinations in all were xxxij. from his first apprehension to his condemnation.
This is the total number of examinations for both of Woodman's imprisonments.
MarginaliaThe certificate of Richard Woodman concerning the truth of his owne story and troubles.GEntle reader, here you shall perceiue how the scriptures be partly fulfilled on me, being one of the least of his poore Lambes. First you shall vnderstand, that since I was deliuered out of the Bishop of Londons handes, which was in the yeare of our Lord. 1555. and the same day that M. Philpot was burned (which was the. xviij. of December) I lay in his Colehouse
I.e., in the coalhouse of Bonner's palace, which was used as an ad hoc prison for those being examined by Bonner.
MarginaliaRichard Woodman deliuered out of Boners handes, wyth 4. moe.And it pleased God to deliuer me with foure or more out of the butchers handes, MarginaliaWhat the Byshop required at their deliuerance.requiring nothing els of vs but that we should be honest men, & members of the true catholike Church, that was builded vpon the Prophets & Apostles, Christ being þe head of þe true church: þe which all we affirmed, that we wer mēbers of the true church, & purposed by Gods helpe therin to dye.
Woodman is concerned here to emphasize that he was released on a technicality and that he did not recant.
MarginaliaWoodman purgeth hym selfe of false sclaunder.This haue I written, chiefly to certifie al people howe we were deliuered, because many carnall Gospellers and and Papistes haue sayde, that it was prescribed that we should be so deliuered, because they thinke that God is subiect to man, & not man to God.
Woodman is concerned here to emphasize that he was released on a technicality and that he did not recant.