MarginaliaThe Emperour accused of heresie.Roman sea. So this was their heresie at that tyme, not to maintaine the ambitious procedinges of the Romish Prelate. And simony they called this, to take and enioy any spiritual lyuyng at a secular mans hand. MarginaliaHildebrand sent in commission for simonie.Wherfore Stephan hearyng this simony to raigne in diuers places, namely in the Churches of Burgundy and Italy, sent forth the Cardinall Hildebrand to reforme the matter: who was no lesse earnest in that kynde of commission to helpe the matter forward.

In the meane tyme Stephanus þ^e pope, tasting of Brazutus cup fell sicke. Hildebrād hearing that, applyeth home with all post spede. MarginaliaHildebrand beginneth to sturre.So beyng returned to Rome, assēbleth all the companies and orders of the cleargie together, making thē to sweare: that they should admit none to be Byshop, but which should be appointed by the publike consent of them all together. This beyng done, Hildebrande taketh his iorney to Florēce (belike to fetch the bishop of Florēce) to stall him byshop: The clergy swearing to him, that no byshop should be ordained before his returne agayne. But the people of Rome not suffring the election to stand so long, after the death of Stephan: MarginaliaPope Benedictus the x.elected one of their owne citie, called Benedictus þ^e tenth. Hildebrand hearing of this, was not a little offended: wherfore returning to Rome with one Gerhardus byshop of Florēce, caused the clergy to procede to a new election, saying: that Benedictus was not lawfully called but came in by force & brybing. But the clergy not daryng to attempt any new election at Rome, went to Sene, and there elected this Gerhardus byshop of Florence, whome Hildebrande brought with hym. MarginaliaPope Nicolaus the. ii.
Two Popes together at Rome.So were. ij. popes in Rome together: But Gerhardus named Nicolaus. ij. holding a councell at Sutrium, through the help of Duke Godfrid and Guibert, and other byshops about Italy, caused þ^e other pope to be deposed. MarginaliaPope Benet vnpopeth himselfe.Benedictus vnderstanding them to be set against him through the meanes of Hildebrand, vnpoped himselfe, & went to Velitras, liuing there more quietly then he should haue done at Rome.

MarginaliaThe glose of the Popes decrees refuted.Here is to be touched by the way, the error of the glose vpon the. 23. Dist. which falsly alledgeth out of the Chronicles, that Benedictus. x. which succeeded Stephan, was deposed: after whom came Ioannes bishop of Sabin for money, & he againe deposed. Benedictus was thē restored, and after displaced agayne, & then Ioannes Archdeacon ad portam latinam was made Pope, and he agayne deposed by þ^e emperour, and all this within one yere. Which history neither is found in any Chronicle, nor agreeth vpon any Benedictus: saue onely that Benedictus. 9. was deposed, and then raigned 3. Popes together, Benedictus. 9. Siluester. 3. and Gregorius. 6. which before was called Ioannes ad portam latinam, whom the emperour deposed (all three together) But that Benedict neither was the. x. neither did he succede Pope Stephan, as the glose recordeth. Nicolas thus beyng set vp w¯out the mynde both of the emperour, & of the people of Rome, after his fellow Pope was driuen away: brake vp the Synode of Sutrium, & came to Rome, where he assembled an other councell, called Consilium Lateranum, MarginaliaConcilium Lateranū.
An .1059.
Distin. 23. Cap. InnoIn which councell first was promulgate the terrible sentence of excommunication, mentioned in the decrees, and beginneth: In nomine domini nostri. &c. The effect whereof is this. First that he after a subtile practise (as farre and as plainly as he durst speake) vndermindeth the Emperours iurisdiction, and transferreth to a few Cardinals, and certaine Catholicke persons, the full authoritie of chusing the Pope. MarginaliaA terrible curse of Pope Nicolaus.Secondly, against all such as do creepe into the seate of Peter, by money or fauour without the full consent of þ^e Cardinals: he thundreth with terrible blastes of excommunication, accursing them and their children, with deuils, as wicked persons to the anger of almyghty God, geuyng also authoritie and power to Cardinals, with the Clergye and laitie, to depose all such persons, and call a council generall, wheresoeuer they will against them.

MarginaliaBerengarius driuen to recantation.Item in the sayd Councell of Laterane, vnder Pope Nicolas the second, Berengarius Andegauensis an Archdeacon was driuen to the recantation of his doctrine, denyng the reall substaunce of Christes holy body and bloude, to be in the sacrament, otherwise then sacramentally and in mysterie,

MarginaliaTransubstantiation brought into the Church.In the same councell also was hatched and inuented, þ^e new found deuise and terme of Transubstantiation.

MarginaliaNauclerus.
Platina.
Eneas Sil.It were to long here to declare the confederation betwixt this Nicolas, and Robertus Guiscardus: whome this Pope cōtrary to all right & good law displacing þ^e right heire, made Duke of Apulia, Calabria, Sicilia, & captayne generall of S. Peters landes: that through hys force of armes and violence, he might the better subdue all suche as should rebell to his obedience, and so did. Nowe let all men iudge and vnderstand (which be godly wise) howe this stā-MarginaliaPotentia papæ Coactiua standeth not with the Gospell.deth with the doctrine of Christ, the example of Peter, or the spirite of a christen bishop, by outward armes & violence to conquer christen men and countreys, vnder the obedience of a bishops sea. Thus Pope Nicolas the second, well aunswering to his Greeke name: by might and force continued 3. yeres and a halfe. Marginalia1062.But at length he mette with Brazutus cup, and so turned vp his heeles.

MarginaliaHenricus. 4. Emperour.At the beginnyng of this Nicolas, or somewhat before about the yeare of our Lord. 1057. Henricus the 4. after the decease of Henry the 3, was made emperour beyng but a child, & raigned. 50. yeres: but not without great molestation, and muche disquietnes, and all through the vngracious wickednes of Hildebrand, as hereafter (the Lord so permitting) shalbe declared.

Here by the way commeth to be noted an exāple, wherby all Princes may learne and vnderstande, how the Pope is to be handled, whosoeuer loketh to haue any goodnes at hys hand. If a mā stand in feare of his curse, he shalbe made his slaue: but if he be despised of you, ye shal haue him as you lut. For the Popes curse may well be assimiled to Domicianus thunder. MarginaliaThe popes curse compared to Domicianus thunder.If a man geue eare to the noyse & cracke, it seemeth a terrible thyng: but if ye consider the causes and effect therof, it is a most vaine ridicle.

MarginaliaAldredus Archbyshop of Yorke.In the reigne of this Nicolas. an. 1060. Aldredus byshop of Worceter, after the decease of Kinsius hys predecessor should be made Archbishop of Yorke, who commyng to Rome with Tostius erle of Northumberland, for his palle (as the maner was) could not obtaine it, but was depriued of all hys dignitie (for some default, I can not tell what) in hys answer. And furthermore, after his reuersion home, was spoyled also of all that he brought with him. Whereupō he returning againe to Rome with Tostius the foresayde Erle, there made hys complaint, but could not be heard: MarginaliaTostius how he perswaded the Pope.tyll Tostius, a man of stout courage, takyng the matter in hād, told the Pope to hys face, that his curse was not to be feared in farre countreys, which his owne neighbours, yea and most vile vacabondes derided and despised at home. Wherefore he required the Pope, either to restore Aldredus againe to his goodes lost, or els it should be knowen, that they were lost through hys meanes and subtiltie. And farthermore, it would come to passe, that the king of england hearyng this, would debarre hym of S. Peters tribute, taking it for a great shame to hym and hys realme, if Aldredus should come frō Rome both depriued of dignitie, & spoiled also of his goods. &c. In fine, the Pope thus perswaded by the argument of hys purse, was content to sende home Aldredrus with hys palle, according to hys request.

After the death of Nicolas, the Lombards beyng oppressed before by Pope Nicolas, and brought vnder feare, were the more desirous, and thought it good, to haue a Bishop of their company: and so elected the bishop of Parmē, MarginaliaCadolus a Lombard made Pope by the Emperour.called Cadolus, to be Pope: sendyng to the emperour and desiryng hys fauour and supportation therein. For the election of the Pope (sayde they) most properly appertained vnto hym.

The emperour well pleased and content, geueth his good leaue & voyce withall. Hildebrandus, no lesse a wycked Necromancer, then a stoute maintainer of popish liberties against good Emperours, hearyng this: setteth vp by a contrary faction, an other bishop: MarginaliaPope Alexander the 2.Anselmus, after called Alexander the 2. Cadolus thus elected by the Emperour and the Cardinals, setteth forward to Rome with a sufficient army and strength of men. Alexander also no lesse prepared, ther receiueth him with an other army, MarginaliaTwo battailes betwixt two Popes, for S. Peters seate.where they had a great conflicte, and many slayne on both sides. But Cadolus, as he had the better cause, so had he the worse fortune: who being repelled, yet repared himselfe and came againe with a greater power. Albeit, he preuailed not. The Emperour seyng this hurly burly: to take vp the matter, sent thither hys embassadour Otho, Archbishop of Colen: who commyng to Rome, beginneth sharpely to chide the pope for taking so vpō him, without the leaue or knowledge of the emperour, declaryng how the election of that sea ought chiefly to apperteine to the right of the emperour, as it hath done for þ^e most part in the tyme of his predecessors tofore. But Hildebrande all set on wickednes and ambition, and also puft vp not a little, wyth his late victories: not suffering the embassador to tell to the ende, interrupted him, in the middle of his tale: affirmyng, þ^t if they should stand to law and custome, the libertie of that election should rather belong to the Clergy, then to the Emperour. To make short, Otho the embassador bearyng (be like) more with the Clergie, then with the emperour, was content to be perswaded: onely required this in the Emperors name, a councell to be had, to decise the matter: wherat the emperor should be present himselfe. And so he was: MarginaliaConcilium Mantuanum.In the which councell beyng kept at Mantua, Alexander was