Thematic Divisions in Book 4
1. Lanfranc2. Gregory VII3. William the Conqueror4. William Rufus5. Henry I6. Stephen and Henry II7. Frederick Barbarossa8. Thomas Becket9. Becket's letters10. Becket's martyrdom and miracles11. Events of 1172-7812. Waldensians13. Other incidents of Henry II's reign14. First year of Richard I's reign15. Strife at Canterbury16. Richard I and Third Crusade17. William Longchamp18. King John19. Henry III's early reign20. Innocent III and mendicant orders21. Papal oppression of the English Church22. Albigensian Crusade23. Hubert de Burgh24. Gregory IX25. Schism between Greek and Latin Church26. Papal exactions from England27. Louis IX on Crusade28. Frederick II29. Opponents of Papacy30. Robert Grosseteste31. Aphorisms of Robert Grosseteste32. Persecution of Jews33. Papal oppression and Alexander IV34. Conflicts in universities and mendicant orders35. Henry III and the barons36. Battle of Lewes37. Battle of Evesham38. End of baronial war39. Ecclesiastical matters and Edward prince of Wales goes on crusade40. Foreign events in Henry III's reign41. First seven years of Edward I's reign42. War with Scotland43. Philip IV and Boniface VIII44. Events of 1305-745. Cassiodorous's letter46. Pierre de Cugniere47. Death of Edward I48. Piers Gaveston49. The Despensers and the death of Edward II50. John XXIII and Clement VI51. Rebellion in Bury St. Edmunds52. Edward III and Scotland53. Edward III and Philip VI54. Edward III and Archbishop Stratford55. Events of 1341-556. Outbreak of the Hundred Years War57. Anti-papal writers58. Quarrel among mendicants and universities59. Table of the Archbishops of Canterbury
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K. Henry .1. Pope Pascalis. Henricus .1. Henricus Emper.

tyng vpō a iakes to ease hymself, voyded out all his intrales into the draught, and miserably ended hys lyfe. The other gnawing of the fingers of his handes, and spitting thē out of his mouth (all deformed in deuouring himselfe) died. And in likewise, not long after the end of these men, the foresayd Arnold (most horribly) in a sedition was slayne: and certayne dayes (lying stinking aboue the groūd vnburied) was open to the spoyle of euery rascall and harlot. The Historyographer in declaring hereof, cryeth vpon the Cardinals in this maner: O ye Cardinals, ye are the beginning and authors hereof. Come ye hether therfore, come ye hether, and heape and cary vnto your countries the deuil: and offer your selues to him with that money wherof ye haue bene most glottonous and insatiable.

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MarginaliaPope Paschalis the 2.About the same tyme and yeare when king Henry began hys raygne, Pope Paschalis entered his papacie, succeeding after Vrbanus: about the yeare of the Lord a thowsand and one hundreth, nothyng swaruing fr? the stepes of Hildebrand his superior. This Paschalis, beyng elected by the cardinals, after that the people had cryed thryse: S. Peter hath chosen good Raynerus: He than putting on a purple vesture, MarginaliaThe Popes tyrement.and a tyer vpon his head, was brought vpon a white palfray into Laterane: MarginaliaThe seuenfold power of the Popewher a scepter was geuen him, & a girdle put about him (hauyng, vij. keyes, with. vij. seales hanging there vpon) for a recognisance or token, of his seuen fould power, according to the seuē folde grace of the holy ghost: of bindyng, loosing, shutting, opening, sealing, resigning and iudgyng, &c. After this Paschalis was elected Pope: Henricus 4. the foresayd Emperour (of courage most valiant, yf the tyme had serued therto) thought to come vp to Italye to salute the new pope. But vnderstandyng the popes minde bent agaynst him, he chaunged hys purpose. In the meane tyme, Paschalis to shew himselfe inferior to Hildebrand in no point: began first to depose all such abbates and byshops whome the Emperour had set vp. Also banished Albertus, Theodoricus, & Maginulphus striuing the same tyme for the papacie. I spake before of Guibert, whome Henricus the emperour had made pope agaynst Hildebrād. Agaynst this Guibert Paschalis made out an army: who being put to flight, not long after departed.

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MarginaliaOf Antichrist, borne & manifest.
The B of Fluence a martyr.
Gabellicus.
A counsell at Trecas.
About the same tyme, an M. Ci. the byshop of Fluence began to teach and preache of Antichrist then to be borne and to be manifest, as Sabellicus testifieth: whervpō Paschalis assembling a councell, put to silence the sayde byshop, and condemned his bookes. In this councell at Trecas: priestes that where maryed, were condemned for Nicolaitanes. Itē, according to the decree of Hildebrād: All such of what degre or estate soeuer they were (being lay men) that gaue any ecclesiasticall dignities, were condemned of Symonie. Furthermore, the statute of priestes tithes, there he renued: counting the selling away therof as a sinne against the holy ghost. Concernyng the excommunication and other troubles that Hildebrand wrought agaynst Henricus the 4. Emperor: it is declared sufficiently before. MarginaliaA tragicall history of Pope Paschalis setting the sonne agaynst the father.This excommunication, Paschalis the Pope renued afresh, agaynst þe sayd Henry. And not onely that, but also conuentyng the Princes of Germany into a generall assemble: set vp hys owne sonne agaynst hym: causing the bishop of Mentz, of Colen, and of Wormes, to depriue hym of his Imperiall crowne, and to place his sonne Henricus the fift, in hys fathers kyngdome: and so they did. MarginaliaEx historia Helmoldi.Commyng to the place at Hilgeshem, first they required hys Diademe, his purple, hys ryng, and other ornamentes pertainyng to the crowne, from hym. The Emperor demaundeth the cause, being thē excommunicate and voyde of frendes. They pretendyng agayne (I cannot tell what) for sellyng of bishopricks, Abbases, and other ecclesiasticall dignities for money: also alledging the Popes pleasure, and of other princes. Then required he first of the bishop of Mentz (and likewise of þe other two whom he had preferred to their bishoprickes before) askyng them in order, if he had receyued of them any peny for his promoting them to their dignities. This whē they could not deny to be so: wel saith he, and do you require me agayne with this? With diuers other wordes of exhortacion, admonishing them to remember theyr othe and allegiaunce to theyr Prince. But the periured Prelates, neyther reuerensyng hys maiestie, nor moued with hys benefites, nor regardyng their fidelitie, ceased not for this, but first plucked from hym (sittyng in throne) his crowne imperiall: then diuestured hym, takyng from hym his purple and hys sceptur. The good Emperor, beyng left desolate & in confusion, saiyth to them: Videat deus, & iudicet, that is, let God see, and iudge. MarginaliaThe prelates set the sonne against the father.Thus leauyng hym, they went to hys sonne, to confirme hym in his kingdom, and caused him to driue his father out. Who then beyng chased of his owne sonne (hauyng but 9. persons about hym) did flee by the Dukedome of Limbrugh, where the Duke beyng then in huntyng, perceyuing and hearyng of hym, made after to folow hym. The Emperour fearing no other but present death (for he had displaced the same Duke before out of his Dukedome) submitted himselfe, crauyng of hym pardon, and not reuengement. MarginaliaA greatefull example of a good & thankfull Duke.
A naughtie sonne of a good father.
The Duke ful of compassion, and piteng his state: not onely remitted all hys displeasure, but also receyued hym to his castle. Moreouer, collecting hys soldiours and men of warre, brought hym to Colen, and there was well receiued. His sonne hearyng this, besieged the Citie of Colen. But the father by night escapyng, came to Leodiū: where resorted to hym all such as were men of compassion, and of a constant hart. In so much that hys power beyng strong enough, he was now able to pitch a field agaynst his enemies, and so did: desiryng hys friendes, that if he had the victory, they would spare hys sonne. In fine (the battayle ioyned) the father had the victory, the sonne was put to flight: many beyng slaine on both sides. MarginaliaEx Helmoldo, et Gotfrido Vterbi?si.But shortly after the battel renued agayne: the sonne preuailed, the father was ouercome, and taken. Who then beyng vtterly dispossessed of his kyngdome, was brought to that exigent: that commyng to Spire, was fayne to craue of the bishop there (whom he had done much for before) to haue a prebande in the church: and for that he had some skill of hys booke, he desired to serue in our ladies quire. MarginaliaThe vnkindnes of a proud prelate.Yet could he not obtayne so much at his hande: who swore by our Lady, he should haue none there. Marginalia1106.
The Emperour. v. yeres without buriall.
Thus the woful emperour (most vnkindly handled, and repulsed on euery side) came to Leodium, and there for sorrow dyed, after he had raigned, 50. yeres: whose body Paschalis after hys funerall, caused to be taken vp againe, and to be brought to Shires, where it remayned. v. yeares vnburied. Hæc ex Helmoldo.

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Marginalia1107.
Henricus Emperour.
After the decease of this Emperour Henricus the 4. his sonne Henricus the 5. raygned the space of xx. yeares. Who commyng to Rome to be crowned of the Pope, coulde not obtayne before he would fully assent to haue this ratified: that no Emperour should haue any thyng to doe with the election of the Romaine Byshop, or with other byshoprickes. MarginaliaEx chronico Carionis. lib. 3.
The pope taken prisoner.
Besides that (about the same tyme) such a stirre was made in Rome by the sayd Byshop: that if the Emperour had not defended hymselfe, with his owne handes, he had bene slayne. But as it happened, the Emperour hauing the victory: amongest many other Romaines (which were partlye slayne, partly taken in the same skirmishe) he taketh also the Pope, and leadeth him out of the citye: where he indenteth with him vpon diuers conditions, both of his coronation, and of recouering agayne his right & title in the election of the Pope, and of other byshops: wherunto the Pope assenting, agreed to all. So the Emperour (beyng crowned of Paschalis) returned agayne with the pope to Rome.

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All the coudicions betwene the Emperour & the Pope (so long as the Emperour remayned at Rome) stoode firme and ratified. But as soone as the Emperour was returned agayne to Germany, forthwith the Pope callyng a Synode, not only reuoked all that he had agreed to before: but also excommunicated Henricus the Emperour, as he had done his father before, reprouing the former priuilegium for prauilegium. The Emperour returning frō Rome to Fraunce, there maried Mathild daughter to king Henry. Who then hearing what the Pope had done (agreeued not a little) wyth all expedition marcheth to Rome, & putteth the Pope to flight: and finally placeth an other in his stede. MarginaliaWar raysed vp by the pope, & his papistes.In the meane tyme the Byshops of Germany (the Popes good friendes) slept not their busines, incensing the Saxons: all that they might against their Cesar: In so much that a great commotion was stirred vp, and grew at length to a pitch filde: which was fought in the moneth of february, by þe wood called, Siula Catularia. An. M. Cxv.

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MarginaliaPeace concluded betwene the Emperour & the pope.The Emperour seing no end of these conflictes (vnles he would yelde to the Pope) was fayne to geue ouer, and forgoe his priueledge: falling to a composition, not to meddle with matters perteining to the Popes election, nor with inuesting, nor such other thinges belonging to the Church, and Church men. And thus, was the peace betwene them concluded and proclaymed, to no small reioysing to both the armies, then lying by Wormes, nere the riuer of Rine.

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MarginaliaBernardus the Abbot.
Bernardine monkes came in.
In the time of thys Paschalis: liued Bernardus, called Abbas Clarauallensis, an. M. Cviij. of whom sprange the Bernadine Monkes.

MarginaliaThe citie of Worceter almost all consumed with fire.About what tyme, the citie of Worcester was consumed almost all with fier. an. M. Cvix.

MarginaliaMathildis.All this while Henricus the Emperour had no issue (hauing to wife Mathildis, the daughter of Henricus. i. kyng of England) and that by the iust iudgment of God,

as