MarginaliaEx incerti. autoris chronico.her frends and retinue: clothed in white sheetes (and so issuing out, by a posterne gate) went vpon the ise, ouer Thames, and so escaped to Wallingford. After thys, the kyng (the castell beyng gotten) when he founde not the Empresse, was much displeased: and molested the countrey about, diuers wayes. In conclusion, he purused the Empresse, and her company so hard: that he caused them to flee the realme, which was the vi. yeare of his reigne.

The second yeare after this, which was the viij. yeare of his reigne: there was a Parliament kept at Londō. Vnto the which, all the Byshops of the Realme resorted, and there denounsed the kyng accursed (and all them with him) that did any hurt to the Church, or to any minister therof. Wherupon the kyng began somewhat to amend hys conditions, for a certaine space: but afterward, as my story saith, was as euill, as he was before. But what þ^e causes were, myne author maketh no relation therof. &c. To returne agayne to the story, the Empresse compelled (as is sayd, to flee the realme) returned agayne into Normandy to Geffray Plantagenet her husband. MarginaliaThe decease of Geffray PlātagenetWho, after he had valiantly wonne and defended the Duchy of Normandy, agaynst the peusance of kyng Steuen of long tyme: ended hys lyfe, leauing Hēry his sonne to succede him in that dukedome. In the meane while: Robert Earle of Gloceter, and the Earle of Chester (who were strong of people) had diuers conflictes with the kyng: in so much that at a battayle at Wilton betwene them, the king was welnere taken, but yet escaped with much payne.

MarginaliaHenry duke of Normandye.It was not lōg after, but Eustace sonne to kyng Steuen, who had maryed the French kynges sister: made war vpon Duke Henry of Normandye, but preuayled not. MarginaliaHenry entreth into England.Soone after, the sayd Henry Duke of Normandy (in the quarell of his mother Maude) with a great puisance entred into England: and at the first wan the castell of Malmesbery: then the tower of London: and afterwarde the towne of Nottingham: wyth other holdes and castels, as of Walynford and other moe. Thus, betwene him and the kyng were foughten many battayles, to the great annoyance of the realme. During which time, Eustace þ^e kings sonne departeth. MarginaliaTheobalde archbishop of Cant.
Peace betwene kyng Steuen, and Duke Hēry concluded.Vpon the occasi? wherof, the king caused Theobalde (which succeded next after William aboue mentioned) Archbyshop of Cant. to make meanes to the Duke for peace: whiche vpon this condition betwene them was concluded, that Steuen during his life tyme should holde the kyngdome. And Henry in the meane tyme to be proclaymed heyre apparant, in the chiefe cities throughout the realme. These thinges thys concluded, Duke Henry taketh his iorney into Normandy (king Steuen and his sonne William, brynging him on the way) where William the kinges sonne, taking vp his horse before hys father, had a fall, and brake his legge, and so was had to Canterbury. MarginaliaThe death of k. Steuen.The same yeare kyng Steuen, about October (as some say for sorow) ended his lyfe after he had reigned xix. yeres periuredly.

MarginaliaS. William of Yorke.As Theobalde succeded after William archbishop of Cāt. so in Yorke after Thurstine succeded Williā, which was called S. William of Yorke: who was poysoned in his chalice by his chaplaines.

In the tyme of thys kyng, which was the xvi. yeare of hys reigne, Theobaldus archbyshop of Cant. and legate to the Pope, did hold a councell at London: In the which councel first began new found appellations, from councels to the pope, found out by Henry byshop of Wint. For as the wordes of myne author do recorde: In Anglia namq;?, appellationes in vsum non erant, donec eas Henricus Wint. Episcopus dum legarus esset, malo suo crudeliter intrusit. In eode nanq;? concilio ad Ro. pontificis audien?ter appellatum est. &c. i. For appellations before were not in vse in England, till Henry byshop of Wint. being thē the popes legate, brought them cruelly in, to his owne hurt. For in that Councell, thrise appeale was made to the Byshop of Rome.

MarginaliaGracianus the cōpiler of the popes decrees.
Petrus Lumbardus maister of the sentence.In the tyme of kyng Stephen, died Gracianus a mōke of Bouanie: who compiled the booke called the popes decrees. Also his brother Petrus Lumbardus Byshop of Paris (which is called the master of sentences) compiled his foure bookes of the sentence. These two brethren were the greatest doers in findyng out and stablishyng this blynde opinion of the Sacrament: that the onely similitude of bread and wyne remayned, but not the substance of them: and this they call the spirituall vnderstandyng of the mistery. And therfore no maruell if the sunne in those dayes were seene black and dym.

MarginaliaPetrus Comestor.Some also affirme, that Petrus Comestor, writer of the scholasticall history was the third brother to these aboue named.

MarginaliaHugo de sancto Victore.
Bernardus Clarenallensis.In the same tyme and raigne of the sayd kyng Stephē, was also Hugo surnamed De Sancto victore. About the which time (as Polychronicon reciteth) lyued & died Bernardus Clarenallensis.

MarginaliaHildegard.The author of the history (called Iornalensis) maketh also mention of Hildegare the Nunne and Prophetesse in Almaine, to lyue in the same age. Concernyng whose prophecy against the friars: hereafter (by the grace of Christ) more shalbe sayd, when we come to recite the order and number of Friars and religious men crept into the Churche of Christ.

MarginaliaIoannes de temporibusWe read moreouer of one named Ioannes de temporibus: which by the affirmance of most of our old histories, lyued. 361. yeares (seruaunt once to Carolus Magnus) And in þ^e raigne of Stephen, kyng of England dyed. Polychron. lib. 7. Continuator Henr. Huntyng. Iornalens. in vita Steph. Nicola. Trinet. &c.

In the dayes also of this kyng (and by hym) was builded the Abbey of Feuershā: where his sonne and he were buryed. He builded the monastery of Finerneys, and of Fomitance, the Castle of Walingford, with a number of other Castels mo.

MarginaliaThe Iewes crucified a christen boy at Norwige.Duryng the tyme of the sayd kyng Stephen, the yeare of our Lord. 1144. the miserable Iewes crucified a child, in the Citie of Norwyge. N. Treuet. & alii.

MarginaliaThe order of the GilbertinesMuch about the same tyme, came vp the order of the Gilbertines, by one Gilbert, sonne to Iacoline a knyght of Lycolne shyre. &c.

Mention hath bene made before, of certaine English Councels, holden in the tyme of this kyng, where it was (in one of them vnder Theobald the Archbishop of C?terbury) decreed, that byshops should lyue more discritely: should teach their flocke more diligently: that readyng of the Scriptures should be frequented more vsually in Abbeyes: that Priestes should not be rulers of worldly matters: MarginaliaThe Lords prayer & the Creede in Englishe.and that they should learne and teach the Lordes prayers, and Crede in English. Malmesb.

MarginaliaMatheus Parisiensis lib. chron. 4.
Steuen kyng of England.Matheus Parisiensis writeth, how Stephen kyng of England in these dayes reserued to himselfe, the right and autoritie of bestowyng of spiritual liuyngs, and inuestyng Prelates, an. 1133.

At which time also, Lotharius the Emperour began to do the like: in recoueryng agayne the right and priuilege taken away from Henricus his predecessor: had not Bernardus geuen hym contrary councell.

MarginaliaCursing wyth booke, bell, and candle.Here came into the Church, the maner of cursing with booke, bell, and candell, deuised in the Councell of London holden by William byshop of Winchester vnder pope Celestinus, which succeded after Innocentius, an. 1144.

MarginaliaAn. 1138After Lotharius, succeded in the imperiall crowne, Conradus the nephew of Henricus the v. afore mentioned an. 1138. which onely amongst many Emperours is not found to receiue the crowne at the popes hand.

In the dayes of this emperour (who raigned, xv. yeres) were diuers Popes: as Celestinus ij. Lucius the ij. Eugenius. þ^e iij. At which time the Romaines went about to recouer agayne their former old maner of chusing their consuls and Senators. But the popes then beyng in their ruffe, in no case would abyde it: wherupon rose many commotions, with much ciuile warre amongest them. MarginaliaPope Lucius the ij. warring against the Senators.In so much, that Pope Lucius (sendiyng for ayde to the Emperour, and he otherwise letted at that tyme could not come) armed his souldiours: thinking to inuade them or els to destroy them in their Senate house. But this commyng to their knowledge before: the people was all in aray, & so much ado was amongst th?. Pope Lucius beyng also amongest them in the fight (well pelted with stones and blowes) lyued not long after. MarginaliaSpirituall excōmunication abused in temporall causes.Likewise pope Eugenius after hym, an. 1145 (pursuyng the Romaines for the same matter) first dyd curse them with excommunication. After, when he saw that would not serue, he came with his hoste: and so compelled them at length to seeke his peace, and to take his conditions which were these: that they should abolish their cōsuls, and take such Senators, as he by his Papale authoritie, should assigne them.

MarginaliaHadrianus a pope an Englishman.Then followed Anastasius, 4. and after him Hadrianus, 4. an Englishman by his name (called Brekespere) belongyng once to S. Albones. This Hadrianus kept great styre in like sort with the Citizens of Rome, for abolisyng their consuls, and Senate: cursing, excommunicatyng, and warryng agaynst them, with all power he could make: to the tyme he remoued the consuls out of their office, and brought them all vnder his subiection. The lyke busines and rage he also styred vp agaynst Apulia, and especially agaynst the impiere: blustryng and thundering agaynst Fridericus the Emperour, as (the Lord graūtyng)