Thematic Divisions in Book 4
1. Lanfranc2. Gregory VII3. William the Conqueror4. William Rufus5. Henry I6. Stephen and Henry II7. Frederick Barbarossa8. Thomas Becket9. Becket's letters10. Becket's martyrdom and miracles11. Events of 1172-7812. Waldensians13. Other incidents of Henry II's reign14. First year of Richard I's reign15. Strife at Canterbury16. Richard I and Third Crusade17. William Longchamp18. King John19. Henry III's early reign20. Innocent III and mendicant orders21. Papal oppression of the English Church22. Albigensian Crusade23. Hubert de Burgh24. Gregory IX25. Schism between Greek and Latin Church26. Papal exactions from England27. Louis IX on Crusade28. Frederick II29. Opponents of Papacy30. Robert Grosseteste31. Aphorisms of Robert Grosseteste32. Persecution of Jews33. Papal oppression and Alexander IV34. Conflicts in universities and mendicant orders35. Henry III and the barons36. Battle of Lewes37. Battle of Evesham38. End of baronial war39. Ecclesiastical matters and Edward prince of Wales goes on crusade40. Foreign events in Henry III's reign41. First seven years of Edward I's reign42. War with Scotland43. Philip IV and Boniface VIII44. Events of 1305-745. Cassiodorous's letter46. Pierre de Cugniere47. Death of Edward I48. Piers Gaveston49. The Despensers and the death of Edward II50. John XXIII and Clement VI51. Rebellion in Bury St. Edmunds52. Edward III and Scotland53. Edward III and Philip VI54. Edward III and Archbishop Stratford55. Events of 1341-556. Outbreak of the Hundred Years War57. Anti-papal writers58. Quarrel among mendicants and universities59. Table of the Archbishops of Canterbury
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K. Henry.3. Fredericke.2. Emper. Pope Gregory.9.

ces of the great losse and misforfortune of these champiōs of the Pope by sea, amongest the rest declareth: that besides the great pray and booty which the takers had from them, they also found many writynges and letters agaynst Friderike, which much holpe hym in the defence of those causes, wherin they had laboured agaynst hym. MarginaliaThe Emp. obtaineth an other victory by land at Ticinum agaynst the pope and his confederagesThe lyke mischaunce also, almost about that time happened on the popes side, by the Emperours souldiors which lay in garrison at Ticinum, thus. There went forth vpon a tyme out of Ticinum into the borders of Genewes certaine bādes, to geue them larums in the countrey: which bandes, the scuriers of Mediolanum (where lay a great garrison of the Popes) discryeng: told the Captaine of the towne, that now a very oportune and fit time was to geue an assault to Ticinum: for that say they, the greatest part are now gone a foragyng. Wherupon, they immediatly callyng together the captaines and such as had charge, set their souldiours in aray & marched foreward to Ticinum. And now, whē they were come almost thether, the Ticinian bandes (whom they thought to haue bene farre a foragyng) were returned and met with them, and fiersly gaue a full charge vpon them: who, beyng dismayed at the sodennes of the matter, fought not long but gaue ouer and fled. In which skirmish was taken (besides those that were slayne) 350. captaines and brought prisoners into Ticinum with all their ensignes with them.

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Newes hereof was brought to the Emperour not long after, who then was remouyng from the siege of Fauentia as ye heard to the Citie of: Bononium thinking to haue destroyed þe same. But vpon the hearing of these good newes, he altereth his purpose, & thinkyng to haue hereafter a more conuenient tyme thereunto, leadeth his army towardes Rome: and in the way, he reconciled to hym the Citie Pisaurum. But Fanum, for that the townes men shut theyr gates and would not suffer the Emperour to come in, he tooke by force and destroyed. MarginaliaThe Emp. thinketh to make the pope affrayde.For the Emperour seing, that neither by petition made to the pope, nor yet by his lawful excusation he could do any good with hym: thought, that by his sodayne commyng thether, and with feare of the perill imminent, he might be brought to some vniformitie, and caused to leaue of his accustomed pertinacie. And although the Emperour was to strong for hym, yet for that he regarded nothyng more then the publique tranquillity of the Empire, and that he might then take the Tartarian warres in hand: if he could by any meanes conclude, he refused not so to intreat a peace with hym as though he had bene both in force and fortune much his inferiour.

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MarginaliaThe Turke inuadeth Christēdome with a great and mighty power.Whilest that this ruffle was betwixt the Emperour and the Pope, Ochodarius the Emperour of the Tartarians his sonne, with a great power and prouisiō made and inuaded the borders next adioynyng vnto hym, and there wanne Roxolanum, Bodolium, Mudanum, with diuers other cities, townes, and villages: destroying, wasting, and burning the countreys all about, killyng and slayeng, man, woman, and child, sparyng none of any sexe or age. At whose sodeyne inuasion, the people beyng in such feare and perplexitie (hauyng no Citie, no refuge, nor ayde to stād in defence for thē) were fayne to leaue all that euer they had and disperse them selues into woodes, and fle into maryshes and mountanes, or wheresoeuer any succor els, dyd offer it selfe to them. And by this tyme, the Tartarian hoste was come as farre as Vratislauia, where Henricus of Polonia and the Duke of Silesia with their army met with them: MarginaliaThe vnmercifull crueltie and the great slaughter of Christen men by the Turke.who for the inequalitie of the nomber and small strength they were of, had soone an ouerthrow, and almost all their souldiours beyng slayne, they themselues were taken and put to the sword. From thence, they came to Morauia, and frō thence to the kyngdome of Boiemia: which coūtrey, while the kyng kept hymselfe in strong defenced fortes, & durst not come abroad: he inuaded and destroyed all Hungary, puttyng to flight and vanquishyng Colmannus the brother of Belus the fourth, kyng of Vngary: by whom also, was great spoyle made in both the Pannonias, Mesiarum, Bulgaria, and Seruia. When Belus the k. of Vngary had gottē to Pola (which is a Citie of Histria) vnto Otho the Duke of Dalmatia: MarginaliaThe kyng of Vngarie craueth ayd of the Emp. for the which he offreth hym hys land.He sent his Legates to Friderick the Emperour, promising that if he would send hym ayde that the Tartarians might be expelled: that Vngary should euer after be vnder the iurisdiction of the Emperour: which thyng if he refused to do, that then the same were in great daūger to be subiect to the Tartariās to the no litle perill of the whole Empire. And sayd further, that þe cause wherfore he with more instance required the same, was: That so many Christian men and countreys, made such pitifull lamentation in this their great calamitie and misery, and that there was none able to helpe them: which sayth he, is as great shame as may be to the whole Christian common state and Empire. And also sayd, that if the malice of this barbarous people were not suppressed, that then he thought they would make inuasion vpon the Empire and prouinces of the same.

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The Emperour, although he thought it very requisite, that with all conuenient speede this mischief should be remedyed and preuented: MarginaliaThe pope will graunt to haue no peace.yet notwithstandyng, his great enemy the Pope with his confederates, was the onely let and hynderance therof. For when he saw and perceiued that he hymselfe could do no good, and onely laboured in vayne in seekyng peace with the Pope: he gaue commaundement to Boiemus and Boius, to intreat and persuade with hym: And (considering the imminent perill like to ensue by reason of such ciuile dissention to the whole state of Christendome) that he would take vp and conclude a peace, and mitigate somewhat his fierie and wrathfull moode. Wherefore, whē he saw furder that nether by that meanes of intreatye nor any other, the Pope would desiste from hys stubburne and malicious froward purpose: He writeth againe to the king of Hungary, that he was right sory and greatly lamented their miserable state, and that he much desired to relieue þe neede and necessity he and all the rest stoode in. MarginaliaThe popes fault that the Turk is not resisted.But why that he could not redresse the same, nor stand him then in any stead, he blamed greatly the Bishop of Rome: who refusing all intreatye of peace, could not without great peril to himself depart out of Italie: least þt whē he should come to the ayde of hym (by the Popes mischeuous Imaginations) he should be in perill of losyng all at home. Notwithstandyng, he sent Conradus Cesar kyng of Bohemia and other princes more of Germany, to resist and withstand the enemy, as much as in them lay to do. The greate army & nomber of such souldiours, as ware the crosse by the popes assignement, deferred their iourney agaynst þe Tartarians and had commaundement giuen them by Albertus (the popes procurator) to tary and abyde at home till they should be called for, in battaile to fight agaynst the Emperour. This was the louing zeale and affection of the pope and his adherentes (to conclude) in this tyme of calamitie towardes the Christian state and common wealth: MarginaliaThe Pope had rather fight agaynst the Emp. then agaynst the Turke.That he had rather bend his force and reuenge his malice vpon the christian & good Emperour, then eyther he himself to withstand, or suffer and permitte by conclusion of any profitable peace: that this most bloudy and cruell Tartarian, should be let and restrayned from so great hauock, spoyle, & slaughter of the Christen men. And yet forsooth, these men wyll seeme to haue the greatest regard of all other to the christian preseruation, and thynke to haue the supremicy geuen therin: what thyng els is this then manifest mockery and deceauyng of the people? But notwithstanding, euen in the midst of this spoyle and hauocke of Polonia, Bohemia, and Hungaria, was it determined: that at Libussa, the princes confederate should be assembled about the deposing of the Emperour and creation of another.

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But now, notwithstāding the prouident foresight & wise pollicy of the Emperour (as you heard before) in restrayning the passages both by the sea and land, who had speciall regard therunto, and gaue most straight charge that none should passe without priuy search and examination, MarginaliaThe Emp. as well in hys owne person, as hys predecessours haue triall of the popes subtill practises.as one hauyng sufficient triall as well in hys own person as by the example of hys predessours, what great mischiefe and dissention by their Legates euery way sent out they had procured, both to the Imperiall state and dignitie and to the whole countrey of Germany: yet found they such meanes, and wrought such pollicies, that they had not onely secret passage and repassage with their letters and Spials into all places of Christendome where they listed, but also so laboured the matter and handled the same: that the long continued league of amitie betwene the French Kyng and the Emperor whose predecessours as also they themselues had many yeres reuerently obserued in christian concord & vnitie: was by this seditious prelate and arrogant vicar of sathan, now either vtterly infringed or els in variable suspēce: as by their letters ech to other, and here vnder ensuyng are to be red and sene: which for the more probabilitie of this history of Fridericke (not beyng long or greatly tedious) I thought mete here to intext and place.

¶ The Epistle of the Frenche King to Fridericke the Emperour, touchyng the imprisonyng of certayne Cardinals of Fraunce.
Hetherto noble Emperour, hath the good opinion and great confidence (many yeares in mutuall loue established betwixt vs) lasted & continued: well hoping, that no such cause should rise betwixt vs, to hatch either hatred or other occasion offensiue betwene your highnes empire & our king-

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dome.