the citie of Wint. and forceably keepe the same. Wherfore, the Lordes preuenting their purpose, and seeing them stiffely to persist in their stubburne sentence: wrought no other violence agaynst them, but returnyng to Oxford agayne, prescribed to them these conditions, that they departyng the Realme should repayre to their owne landes and possessiōs, which they had beyond the Sea. And that forthwith they should put this iniunction in execution. Notwithstandyng that the kyng made for them great intercession, yet it tooke no place. MarginaliaThe prouisions of Oxford.And because this should seeme to proceede of no speciall displeasure agaynst them, they enacted moreouer, that all straungers and aliens of what state or condition soeuer, should forthwith auoyde the Realme in payne of death. Diuers other prouisions the same tyme were ordeyned and stablished: that if any did hold of the kyng in whole or in part, and should chaunce him to depart (his heyre being vnder age) the wardshyp of him should belong to the kyng, as hath partly before bene specified.

MarginaliaEx historia Gualteri. Gisburnensis.Moreouer it was there decreed, that the woolle of England should be wrought onely within the Realme, neither should it be transported out to straungers.

MarginaliaGod graunt thys law might take place agayne.Item, that no man should weare anye cloth, but which was wrought and made onelye within the Realme.

Item, that garmentes to sumptuous, should not be brought in nor worne.

Item, that all excessiue & prodigall expenses wasted vpon pleasure & superfluitie, should be eschued of all persons.MarginaliaGod graunt the like law agayne for the wealth of the realme.

Many other lawes and decrees (sayth the author) in this assēble were ordeined, wherin they continued the space of. xv. dayes: MarginaliaDiuers in thys counsayle impoysoned.And many of them were impoysoned, of whom was the Abbot of Westminster, a man in that order much commended. Also William brother to the Earle of Gloucester. Also the Earle himselfe beyng empoysoned hardly escaped with life, his heare & nayles falling of his body, wherof the author not long after was taken, and duely executed at Winchester. In the meane tyme, the nobles consideryng those daungers and ieopardies, were constrayned to breake of for that tyme, appointyng the. xiiij. day of October next followyng, to conuent together at London with weapon & harnes: to prosecute and finish the residue, that was in the sayd counsaile to be concluded. All which at the time & place apointed was fully accōplished, and the actes therof in order of writyng promulged, and so committed to execution.

MarginaliaThe kyng repenteth of hys othe.After the promulgation wherof, many thinges therin displeased the kyng, and it began to repent him of his othe. But because he could not at that presēt otherwise chuse, he dissimuled for a season. MarginaliaAn. 1261.Thus tyme passing on, within a yeare followyng, which was. 1261. the kyng seyng himselfe more and more to grow in debt, and not to be relieued accordyng to promise made, but especially beyng egged (as may be thought) by his brethren: MarginaliaThe king sueth to the pope to release him of hys othe.takyng it to stomache, sent vp to the Pope both for him, and his sonne Edward, to be released of their othe made before at Oxford. MarginaliaThe popes absolution abused.The benefite of which absolution beyng easely obtained (or rather bought at the Popes hande) the kyng steppyng backe from all that was before concluded, calleth an other Parliament at Oxford. Where, he before the Lordes and nobles declared: how in the late counsaile of Oxford they had agreed among them selues for the commō vtilitie of the Realme and of the kyng (as they pretended) for the increasing of his treasure, & his debt to be diminished. And thereupō bound themselues with an othe, causing also himselfe, and his sonne Edward to be bound to the same. But now by experience prouing and trying the matter to be otherwise then their promise was: and that they, contrary to their couenaunt made, sought not so much the profite of him and of the Realme as their own, takyng him not as their Lord, but goyng about to bring hym vnder their subiection as an vnderlyng: and for that moreouer his treasure greatly decreasing, his debtes encreased, and his princely liberalitie was cut short and troden vnderfoote: They should not maruell therfore, if he henceforth would be no more ruled by their counsaile, but would prouide himselfe of some other remedy, such as he might. And moreouer, as touchyng the othe wherewith he & his sonne stode bound vnto them, he had sent already vnto Rome, and had obtained absolution and dispensation of the same, both for him, and his sonne Edward also, and for all other that would take his part. And therfore, he required of them to be restored agayne to that state and condition, he had enioyed in tymes past.

MarginaliaThe aunswere of the nobles again to the king.To this agayne gaue aunswere the state of nobilitie on the other side, beyng in the same place present. In the number of whom was Simon Moūtfort Earle of leycester, Richard Clare Earle of Glocester, Humfrey Ronne earle Ferrence, with a great number of Barons: as Lord Ihon Fitze, Ihon, L. Hastynges, L. Geoffrey Lucy, L. Ihon Vescy, L. William Segraue, Hug. Spencer, L. Robert Vespoynt, with diuers and many mo, whose aunswere to the kyng agayne was this. That the prouisiōs made at the counsaile of Oxford (whereunto they were sworne) they would hold, defend, and mainteyne to their lyues end: for so much as they did sound, and also were agreed vpon, both to the honor of God, to the profite of the prince, & stable wealth of the Realme. &c. And thus partes on both sides, discordyng among themselues, would so haue departed, had not certaine of the Byshops commyng betwene both, laboured betwene thē to take vp the matter. MarginaliaThe controuersie betwene the kyng & the nobles put in comprimis.By whose meane (sayth Gualt. Gisburn.) and procurement, the determinatiō of the cause was brought in comprimis, and referred to Ludouick the French kyng to iudge betwene them, who hearing both the allegations (sayth he) like no equall iudge, but a partiall frend: inclined wholy and fully to the kynges sentence, and condemned the nobles. But the author of Flores Hist. sayth, that by the mediatiō of certaine discret men, two were chosen: one for one side, the other for the other. To whom the thyrd also was adnexed, who hearyng as well what was brought of the kynges part, as also what was aunswered of the other, should define betwene them both. And so peace was betwene them cōcluded, till the commyng of Edward. All this while as yet, the popes absolution for the kyng, although it was graunted and obtained at Rome, yet was it not brought downe in solemne writyng, neither was prince Edward, as yet returned out of Fraunce to England.

MarginaliaThe pope releseth the king of his oth.At length, the writyng of the kynges absolution beyng brought from Rome, the Kyng eftsones commaunded the same to be published through out the Realme, and sendeth to the French kyng and other straungers for helpe. Moreouer, seiseth all his Castles into his own hand, reiectyng the counsaile of the Lordes, to whose custody they were before committed. Also remouyng the former officers, as iustices, and the Chauncelour: with other placed afore by the Lordes, he appointed new in their stede.

To this foresayd absolution procured from Rome for the Kyng and his sonne: Edward returnyng out of Fraunce, at that time did not giue his cōsent, but held with the Lordes. Who then puttyng themselues in armes, with a great power repayred vp to London (keepyng there, in the suburbes & places about) while the Kyng kept within the tower, causing the citie gates to be watched and lockte, and all within the sayd citie beyng aboue the age of xij. yeares to be sworne vnto him. But at lēgth through the meanes of certaine cōmyng betwene, this tumultuous perturbation was somewhat appeased, (at least some hope of peace appeared) so that the matter was take vp for that tyme without warre or bloudshed. Notwithstandyng, some false pretensed dissemblers there were, MarginaliaWicked makebates.whiche secretly disclosing all the counsailes and doynges of the Lordes vnto the Kyng, did all they could to hinder concord, and to kindle debate. By the meanes of whom, the purpose of the Lordes came not to so good effect, as otherwise it might. Ex Flor. Hist.

MarginaliaEx Flor. hist. in An. 1261.In this present yeare (as affirmeth the forenamed author) it was rumored abroad, MarginaliaBishops going about to recouer benefices appropriate from religious houses
Ex Florilogo ibid.that all the Byshops of England went about to recouer agayne out of the handes of religious men, all such Churches and benefices, which were to them improperated or appropriated: And that they, for the expeditiō of the same had sent vp to Rome, both messengers and money, nothyng misdoubtyng to obteyne their purpose. But as litle good fruite in those dayes vsed to spryng out of that sea: so I do not finde, that godly sute and labour of the Bishops to take any fruitfull effect. MarginaliaPope Alexander diethThe same yeare dyed Pope Alexander, after whom succeded Pope Vrban the fourth.

MarginaliaPope Vrbane.
1262.
A new release of the kynges othe from Rome. Wyth thys epitaph: Hic pudor Hypoliti Paridis genasensus Vlißis. Encæ pietas, Flectoris ira iacet.Of the which pope Vrbane the kyng also obtayned, or rather reuiued a new releasemēt from his othe, made to the prouisions and statutes of Oxford. Which beyng graunted, he commaundeth incontinent all the foresayd lawes and prouisions through England to be dissolued and broken. This done, the kyng with the Queene, taketh his viage into Fraunce, where he fell into great infirmitie of sicknes, and the most part of his family taken with the feuer quartane, of which many dyed. In the number of whom beside other, dyed Richard the worthy Earle of Gloucester and Hereford, after whom succeded Gilbert Clare, his sonne.

MarginaliaThe Welchmen rebell.The welshmen this yeare, breakyng into the borders of England, did much annoyance in the landes of Roger Lord Mortimer: but mightely agayne by him were expulsed, not without great slaughter of the inuaders. MarginaliaThe prouisions of Oxford agayne graunted by the kyng.About whiche tyme, the kyng through some discret counsaile about hym, inclined to peace and concord with his nobles, grauntyng of his mere voluntary will, the constitutions and prouisions of Oxford to take place in the Realme, directyng his commaundement to euery shyre. Albeit, the Realme yet