the fourth yeare after the decease of her graundfather. Wherfore, as this matter standeth most cleare, so let vs now returnyng from whence we digressed, prosecute the rest that foloweth. After that Alexāder thus as is said, departed without issue, & also Margaret his Niece in Norway was deceased: the matter came in a great doubt among the nobles of Scotland (especially xij. by name) to whom the right of the crowne should next pertaine. After much variaunce among parties, at length the election and determination of the matter was committed to the iudgement of kyng Edward of England: MarginaliaThe k. of Englād proued by old recordes, chiefe head & soueraigne of Scotland.who after sufficient proofe made to the Scottes and firme euidence, brought out of all the auncient historyes both of England, and Scotland, testifying from tyme to tyme that he was chief head and soueraigne of the RealmeMarginaliaAn. 1291.of Scotland: first by necesssitie of the law, and by all their consentes tooke full possession of the same. And that done, adiudged the right of the crowne to Iohn Bailol, who descended of the daughter of Dauid Earle of Huntington, brother to Dauid kyng of Scotlād in the dayes of king Henry the second. This Earle Dauid had three daughters, Isabell maryed to Robert Brusse, Margaret to Allen Earle of Galeway, and Elien to Henry Lord Hastynges: Allē Earle of Galeway had Ellē maryed to Roger Quinty Earle of Winchester & Cōstable of Scotlā Doruagile maryed to Iohn Bailol father to Edward kyng of Scots.

MarginaliaSir Iohn Bayloll made king of Scotland by K. Edward.When these thynges were thus finished in Scotland, and Syr Iohn Bailol as most rightfull inheritour had receaued the crowne of Scotland at the handes of kyng Edward thākfully: and for the same in the presence of the Barony of England and of Scotland, MarginaliaK. of Scots doth homage to the k. of England.did vnto the sayd kyng Edward his homage, and sware to him fealtie: the Scottes with their new kyng returned into Scotland, & kyng Edward remoued agayne to England.

MarginaliaThe falsenes of the Scottish k.But not long after, the falsenes of this Scottish kyng soone appeared: who repētyng him of his homage done, vntruly forsoke his former othe and promise, and made warre agaynst kyng Edward, through the counsaile of the Abbot of Menros. Wherfore, the kyng with a great host sped him into Scotland, & in processe layd siege to the towne of Berwicke: which the Scottes did egerly defend, not onely to the discomforture, but also to the derision of the kyng & his English host. MarginaliaThe towne and castle of Barwike wonne of EnglishmenBut in conclusion, the Englishmen preuayled and wanne the town, where were slayne of the Scottes the number of xxv. thousād. And while the kyng was there busied in winning other holdes about the same, he sent part of his host to Dunbarre, MarginaliaFalsenes iustly punished.where the Englishmē agayne had the victorie and slew of the Scottes xx. thousand, Gisburne sayth but x. thousand, so that very few were lost of the English company. The king with a great number of prisoners returning into his realme, shortly after sped him ouer vnto Flaūders, where he sustained great trouble by the French kyng, til truse for certaine space was betwene them concluded. But in the meane while that king Edward was thus occupyed beyond the Seas: the French kyng (resorting to his practised maner) set the Scottes secretly agaynst the Englishmen to keepe the kyng at home. MarginaliaThe Scots rebel agayne.Which Scots makyng them selues a Captaine named William Waleis: warred vpon the borders of Northumberland, where they dyd much hurt. MarginaliaThe second viage of k. Edward into England.At length the kyng returnyng from Burdeaux into England, shortly vpon the same tooke his iourney into Scotland. MarginaliaAn. 1298.Where meetyng at Yorke with his host, marched into the Realme of Scotland, winnyng as he went, townes and Castels, till at length commyng to the towne of Fankyrch on Mary Magdalens day, he met with the power of Scotland: and had with them a sore fight, but through Gods prouidence the victorie fell to the right cause of Englishmen: so that of the Scottes were slayne in the field, as it is of diuers writers affirmed, ouer the number of. xxxij. thousād: and of Englishmen but barely. xxviij. persons. Wherupon, the kyng agayne takyng possession & fealtie of the whole land, returned home.

MarginaliaEx Fabiano:
A notable victory against the Scots.
The third viage of K. Edward into Scotland.And yet the false vntroth of the Scots would not thus be ruled, but rose vp a new broyle: so that the kyng was enforced to make his power agayne the yeare folowyng into Scotland, where he so suppressed the rebelliō of the Lordes and of the commons, that they swearyng to the kynges allegiaunce, presented themselues by great companies, and put them wholy in the kynges grace and mercy: MarginaliaAn. 1299.
The Scots sworne to the kynges alleagance.so that the king thinking himselfe to be in peaceable possession and a great suretie of the land, caused to be sworne vnto him the rulers of the boroughes cities and townes, with other officers of the land, and so returned vnto Barwicke, and so into England, and lastly to Westminster.

These martiall affaires betwene England and Scotland, although they appertaine not greatly to the purpose of our story Ecclesiasticall: yet so much by the way I thought briefly to touch, whereby the better it might be vnderstanded by these premisses, that which foloweth in the sequele hereof. As the Scots were thus warryng and ragyng agaynst the kyng, and saw they could not make their party good, they sent priuely to Pope Boniface for his ayde and counsaile: MarginaliaEx. Chro. Rob. Auesburiensis
The popes messages to the kyngwho immediatly sendeth down his precept to the kyng, to this effect, that he should hereafter surcease to disquiet or molest the Scottes, for that they were a people exempt and properly pertayning to his Chappell. And therfore it could not otherwise be, but that the Citie of Ierusalem must needes defend his own Citizens: & as the mount Syon, maintayne such as trust in the Lord. &c. MarginaliaThe kinges aunswere to the pope.Wherunto the kyng briefly maketh aunswere agayne, swearyng with an othe that he would to his vttermost keepe & defend that which was his right, euidently knowen to all the world. &c. Thus the Scottes bearyng thēselues bold vpon the Popes message, & also confederatyng themselues with the French mē, passed ouer that yeare. MarginaliaThe pope chalenged the Realme of Scotland.The next yere after that (which was xxix. of the kynges raigne) the sayd Pope Boniface directeth his letters agayne to the kyng, wherin he doth vendicate the kingdome of Scotlād, to be proper to the Church of Rome, & not subiect to þ^e k. of England. And therfore it was against God, against iustice, and also preiudiciall to the Church of Rome, for him to haue or hold any dominion vpon the same, which he proued by these reasons.

MarginaliaReasōs why the pope claymeth the Realme of Scotland to be free from the dominiō of England.First, that when kyng Henry the father of this kyng, receaued ayde of Alexāder kyng of Scots in his warres agaynst Simon Mountfort: he recognised & acknowledged in his letters patents, that he receaued the same of kyng Alexander, not of any duty, but of speciall fauour.

Item, when the sayd kyng Alexander commyng to England, did homage to the sayd kyng Henry: he did it not as kyng of Scotland, but onely for certaine landes of Tyndall and Penreth lying in England.

Item, where the sayd kyng Alexander left behynd him Margarete his heyre, beyng Niece to the kyng of Englād, and yet vnder age: yet the tuitiō of the said Margaret was committed not to þ^e king of England, but to certaine Lords of Scotland, deputed to the same.

Moreouer, when any legacie was directed downe from Rome to the realme of England, for collecting of tenthes or other causes: the sayd legacy tooke no place in the realme of Scotland, and might well bee resisted (as it was in king Alexander his dayes) except an other speciall commission touchyng the Realme of Scotlād, were ioyned withall. Wherby it appeareth, these to be two seuerall dominions, and not subiect vnder one.

Addyng furthermore, that the kyngdome of Scotland first was cōuerted by the reliques of the blessed Apostle S. Peter: through the diuine operation of God: to the vnity of the catholique fayth.

Wherfore vpon these causes and reasons, Pope Boniface in his letters to the Kyng, required him to geue ouer his clayme, and cease his warres agaynst the Scottish nation: And to release all such both of the spiritualty and laytie, as he had of them prisoners. Also to call home agayne his officers and deputies, which he had there placed and ordained to the greuaunce of that nation, to the sclaunder of all faythfull people, & no lesse preiudice to the Church of Rome. And if he would clayme any righte or title to the sayd Realme or any part therof: he should send vp his procurators specially to the same appointed, with all that he could for himselfe alledge, vnto the sea Apostolike, there to receaue what reason and right would require.

Marginalia1301.
The k. replieth to the pope.The kyng, after he had receaued these letters of the Pope, assembled a coūcell or Parliament at Lyncolne: by the aduise of which councell and Parliament, he addressed other letters responsall to the Pope agayne: wherin first, in all reuerend maner he desireth him not to geue light eare to the sinister suggestions of false reporters, and imaginers of mischief. MarginaliaScotland all one wyth England.Then he declareth out of old recordes and histories frō the first tyme of the Britaines, that the realme of Scotland hath alwayes from time to tyme bene all one with England, MarginaliaBrutus.
Lokrinus.
Albanactus.
Camberbegynnyng first with Brutus in the tyme of Hely and Samuel the Prophet: which Brutus commyng from Troye to this Ile called then Albion, after called by him Britannia, had three sonnes: Locrinus to whom he gaue that parte of þ^e land, called then of him Loegria, now Anglia: Albanactus his second sonne, to whom he gaue Albania, now called Scotia: and his thyrd sonne Camber, to whom he gaue Cambria, now called Wales, &c.

And thus much concerning the first diuision of this Ile, as in aūcient histories is found recorded. In which matter passing ouer the death of kyng Humber, the actes of Dunwald, kyng of this Realme, the diuision of Belyn & Brene,