the victories of kyng Arthur, we will resort (sayth the kyng) to more nearer tymes, testified and witnessed by sufficient authors, as Marianus Scotus, William Malmesbery: Roger Abyndon: Henry Huntyngton: Radulph de Bizoto & other. All which make speciall declaration, & geue manifest euidence, of the execution of this our right (sayth he) & title of superioritie, euer continued and preserued hitherto.

And first to begyn with Edward the Seniour, before the conquest, sonne to Alurede kyng of England, about the yeare of our Lord. 900. MarginaliaAlias. 907it is playne & manifest, that he had vnder his dominion and obedience the kyng of Scots. And here is to be noted, that this matter was so notorious and manifest, as Maryan the Scot writing that story in those dayes, graūteth, confesseth and testifieth the same: and this dominion cōtinued in that state. xxiij. yeare. At which time, Athelstane succeded in the crowne of England, and hauing by battaile conquered Scotland, he made one Constantine kyng of that party, to rule & gouerne the countrey of Scotland vnder him, addyng this princely word: That it was more honour to him to make a kyng, than to be a kyng.

XXIIII. yeares after that, which was the yeare of our Lord. 947. Eldred kyng our progenitour, Athelstaines brother, tooke homage of Irise then kyng of Scots.

XXX. yeares after that, whiche was þ^e yeare of our Lord 977. kyng Edgar our predecessour tooke homage of Kynalde k. of Scots. Here was a litle trouble in England by the death of S. Edward kyng and martyr; destroyed by the diceite of his mother in law: but yet within memory.

XL. yeares after the homage done by Kynald to kyng Edgar, that is to say, in the yeare of our Lord. 1017, Malcolme the kyng of Scots did homage to Knute our predecessour. After this homage done, the Scottes vttered some peece of their naturall disposition, wherupō (by warre made by our progenitour S. Edward the cōfessour 39. yeare after that homage done, that is to say, the yeare of our Lord. 1056) Malcolme kyng of Scottes was vanquished, and the realme of Scotlād giuen to Malcolme his sonne by our sayd progenitour S. Edward: vnto whom the sayd Malcolme made homage and fealty.

Within, xi. yeares after that, William Conquerour entred this realme, wherof he accompted no perfect conquest, vntill he had likewise subdued the Scottes: and therfore in the said yeare (which was in þ^e yeare of our Lord. 1068) þ^e sayd Malcolme kyng of Scots did homage to þ^e sayd Williā Cōquerour, as his superiour by cōquest kyng of England.

XXV. yeares after that, which was the yeare of our Lord. 1093. the sayd Malcolme did homage and fealty to William Rufus, sonne to the sayd William Conquerour: and yet after that was for his offences and demerites deposed, and his sonne substitute in his place: who likewise fayled in his duety, and therfore was ordeyned in that estate by the sayd William Rufus, Edgar brother to the last Malcolme, and soone to the first, who did his homage and fealty accordyngly.

VII. yeares after that, which was in the yeare of our Lord. 1100. the sayd Edgar kyng of Scottes, dyd homage to Henry the first our progenitour.

XXXVII. yeare after that, Dauid kyng of Scots did homage to Matilde the Emperatrice, as daughter & heyre to Henry the first. Wherfore beyng after required by Stephen, then obteyning possession of the Realme, to make his homage: he refused so to do, because he had before made it to the sayd Matilde, and thereupon forbare. After which Dauids death, which ensued shortly after, the sonne of the said Dauid made homage to the sayd kyng Stephen,

XIIII. yeares after that, which was in the yeare of our Lord. 1150. William kyng of Scots, and Dauid his brother, wyth all the nobles of Scotland made homage to Henry the seconds sonne, with a reseruation of their dutye to Henry the second his father.

XXV. yeares after that, which was in the yeare of our Lord. 1175. William kyng of Scotland, after much rebellion and resistance, according to their naturall inclinatiō (kyng Henry the second then beyng in Normandy) knowledged finally his errour, and made hys peace and composition, confirmed wyth hys great seale, and the seales of the nobilitie of Scotland, making therwyth hys homage and fealtie.

Within. xv. yeares after that, which was the yeare of our Lord. 1190. the sayd William king of Scots came to our citie of Canterbury, and there did homage to our noble progenitour king Richard the first.

XIIII yeares after that, the said William dyd homage to our progenitour king Iohn, vpon a hill besides Lincolne, making his oth vpon the crosse of Hubert then Archbishop of Canterbury, being there present, and a mer-uelous multitude assembled for that purpose.

XXVI, yeares after that, which was in the yeare of our Lord. 1230. Alexander kyng of Scots maryed Margaret, the daughter of our progenitour Henry the third, at our citie of Yorke, in the feast of Christmas: at which tyme the sayd Alexander did his homage to our said progenitour: who reigned in this realme 56. yeares. And therfore, betwene the homage made by the sayde Alexander kyng of Scotland, and the homage done by Alexander, sonne to the said king of Scots, to vs at our coronatiō at Westminster, there was about fiftie yeares: At which time, the said Alexander king of Scots repayred to the said feast of our coronation, and there did his dutie as is aforesayd.

¶ Besides these letters of the kyng, the Lordes temporall also in the name of the whole communaltie and Parliament, wrote an other letter to the pope: aunswering to that, where as the Pope arrogated to him to be iudge for the title of the realme of Scotland, which the king of England claymed to himselfe: which letter I thought also here to annexe contayning, as in the wordes of the same here foloweth to be read and seene.

MarginaliaA letter of the Lordes temporall to the popeThe holy mother Church, by whose ministery the Catholike see is gouerned: in her deedes (as we throughly beleue & holde) proceedeth with that rypenes in iudgement, that she wyll be hurtfull to none: but lyke a mother would euery mans right to be kept vnbroken as well in other, as in her selfe. Wheras therfore in a generall Parliament called at Lincolne of late by our most dread Lord Edward by the grace of God the noble kyng of England: the same our Lord caused certayne letters receaued from you to be read openly and to be declared seriously afore vs, about certayne businesses touching the condition and state of the realme of Scotland: We did not a litle muse & maruaile with our selues hearing the meaninges concernyng the same, so wondrous and straunge, as the like we haue not heard at any time before. For we know most holy father, and it is well knowen as well in this Realme of England (as also not vnknowen to other persons besides) that from the first beginning of the Realme of England: the certayne and directe gouernement of the Realme of Scotland in all temporall causes, frō time to time belonged to the kynges of the same realme of Englād, and realme of Scotland: as wel in the times both of the Britaines as also Englishmen. Yea rather, the same realme of Scotland of olde tyme was in fee to the auncetours of our foresayd Lordes kynges of England, yea and to himselfe. Furthermore, the kinges of Scottes and the realme haue not been vnder any other then the kinges of England, and the kinges of England haue aunswered, or ought to answere for their rightes in the foresayd realme, or for any his temporalities afore any iudge ecclesiasticall or secular, by reason of free preheminence of the state of his royall dignitie and custome kept without breach at all tymes. Wherfore, after treatie had and diligent deliberation of the contentes in your foresayd letters, this was the common agreing and consent wyth one mynde, and shall be without fayle in tyme to come by Gods grace: that our foresayd Lord the king, ought by no meanes to aunswere in iudgement in any case, or shoulde bring hys foresayd rightes into doubt: nor ought not to send any proctors or messengers to your presence: specially, seeing that the premisses tend manifestly to the disheriting of the right of the crowne of England and the playne ouerthrow of the state of the sayd realme, and also hurt of the liberties, customes, and lawes of our fathers: For the keeping and defence of which, we are bounde by the duety of the othe made. And we will mainteine them with all power, and will defend thē (by Gods helpe) with all strēgth. And farther we will not suffer our foresayd Lord the king, to do or by any meanes to attempt the premisses beyng so vnaccustomed, vnwont, and not heard of afore. Wherfore, we reuerently and humbly beseech your holynes, that ye would suffer the same our Lord kyng of England (who among other Princes of the worlde sheweth himselfe Catholicke and deuoute to the Romishe Church) quietly to enioy his rightes, liberties, customes, and lawes aforesayd: wythout all empayring, and trouble, and let them continue vntouched. In witnes whereof we haue set our seales to these presents, aswell for vs, as for the whole comminaltye of the foresayde Realme of England. Dated at Lyncolne in the yeare of our Sauiour 1301. et anno Edwardi primi. 28.