gen, MarginaliaNico. de Lyra and other popishe writers deceaued in the 13. chapt. of the Apoc.Matthias Dorinkus, the author of Fortalilium fidei, and other Cōmentaries moe of the same faction:
The marginal motes made by Paul de Santa Maria, archbishop of Burgos, in a copy of the celebrated 'Postilla' of Nicholas of Lyra, which the archbishop sent to his son, were posthumously published. These amplifications of Nicholas's work were criticized and largely rejected by Matthias Döring, the provincial of the Franciscans in Saxony. Foxe is drawing this summary of the comments of the three on the identification from Matthias Flacius, Catalogus testium veritatis (Basel, 1562), p. 553.
[Back to Top]In the whiche Prophecies agaynst the Turkes, now to procede, let vs come to the 20. chapter of the Apocalips, wherein the holy Scripture seemeth playnly and directly to notifie the sayd Turkes. The wordes of the Prophecie be these.
Rev. 20:1-3.
MarginaliaApoc. cap. 20. And I saw an Aungell descendyng from heauen, hauyng the key of the bottomles pyt, and a great cheyne in his hand: and he tooke the Dragon, the old Serpent, which is the deuill and Satanas, and bound hym vp for a thousand yeares, and cast him in the pyt, and sealed hym vp, that he should not seduce the people any more, till the thousand yeares were expired: and after that he must be let loose for a litle while. &c.
[Back to Top]Rev. 20:7-9.
MarginaliaThe bynding and loosing out of Sathan examined.
Three thinges to be noted in thys prophesie. To the perfect vnderstandyng of this Prophecie, three thynges are necessary to be knowen. First what is ment by byndyng vp, and loosing out of Satanas the old Dragon. Secondly, at what tyme and yeare first he was cheyned vp and sealed for a 1000. yeares. Thirdly, at what yeare & tyme these thousand yeares did end, when as he should be loosed out agayne for a litle season. Whiche three poyntes beyng well examined and marked, the prophesie may easely be vnderstand directly to be ment of the Turke. Albeit Anagogically some part therof may also be referred not vnproperly vnto the Pope, as is aboue notified.
This is an excellent example of how Foxe could interpret a prophetic image in Revelation as pertaining to two separate historical entities.
MarginaliaWhat is meant by bynding vp of Sathan. First, by byndyng and loosing of Satanas, seemeth to be mente the ceasing and staying of the cruell & horrible persecution of the Heathen Emperours of Rome, agaynst the true Christians, as is to be sene in the x. first persecutiōs in the primitiue Church aboue described in the former part of these Actes and Monumentes: in the whiche moste bloudy persecutions, Satanas the deuill then raged without all measure, till tyme it pleased almighty God to stoppe this old Serpent, and to tye him shorter. And thus haue you to vnderstand what is ment by the byndyng vp of Sathan for a thousand yeares: whereby is signified that the persecution agaynst the Christiās styrred vp by the beast (that is, in the Empire of Rome, through the instigation of Sathan) shall not alwayes continue, but shall breake vp, after a certaine tyme, and shall cease for a thousand yeares. &c.
[Back to Top]MarginaliaThe tyme of the bynding vp of Sathan.
Apoc. 11. 13. Now, at what time and yeare this persecution, that is, the fury and rage of Sathan should cease, is also declared in the Apoc. before: where in the chapter 11. and. 13.
Rev. 11:2 and Rev. 13:5.
Actually Daniel 9:25-6, which 'prophisied' that there would be sixty-nine months between the rebuilding of the Temple at Jerusalem and the destruction of Jerusalem. To make this timeframe accord somewhat with the Roman destruction of Jerusalem in AD 64, many Christian exegetes interpreted a 'month' in Daniel as actually representing seven months. To support his interpretation of Revelation, Foxe is calculating that each month in Revelation actually equals seven months.
[Back to Top]The numbers do not add up. The fourteenth year of the reign ofTiberius was AD 32-33. Maxentius was slain in AD 312.
And here by the way commeth a note to be obserued: that forasmuch as, by the number of these 42. monethes, specified in the Apocalips, the Empire of Rome must necessarily be confessed to be the first beast:MarginaliaThe pope proued to be the second beast mentioned in the Apocal. cap. 13. therefore it must by lyke necessitie follow, the Byshop of Rome to be the second beast, wyth the two hornes of the Lambe, for that he onely hath and doth cause the sayd Empyre of Rome to reuiue and to be magnified, and so doth not the Turke, but rather laboureth to the contrary. Wherfore let euery Christen man be wyse and beware betyme, how he taketh the marke of that beast, least peraduenture it follow vpon him, that he drinke of that terrible cup of wrath mencionedMarginaliaEt hic bibet de vino iræ dei Apoc. 14. Apocal. chap. 14.
Rev. 14:10.
MarginaliaThe 3 part of the prophesie for the loosing out of Satan. Thirdly, it remaineth to be discussed touching þe thyrd point in this foresayd prophesie, that as we haue found out (through the helpe of Christ) the yeare and tyme of Satās bynding: so we search out likewise the tyme and season of his loosing out: which by the testimonie of Scripture, was appointed to be a thousand yeares after hys bynding vp, & so rightly according to the tyme appoynted it came to passe. For if we number well by the scripture þe yeare of hys bynding vp, which was frō the passion of our Lord 294. yeres, and adde thereto a thousand yeares, it amounteth to 1294.MarginaliaThe beginning of the Turkes progenie. which was the very yeare when Ottomannus the first Turke beganne his reigne: which was the first spring and wellhead of all these wofull calamities that the Churche of Christ hath felt both in Asia, Affrica, and Europe, almost these three hundreth yeares past. For so we finde in Chronicles, that the kingdome of the Turkes being first deuided into foure families. an. 1280. at length the familie of Ottomans preuayled, and thereupon came these, whom now we call Turkes: which was about the same tyme, when pope Boniface the viij. was Byshop of Rome.
'About' being the operative word; Boniface VIII - an extreme proponent of papal authority - was pope from 1294-1303.
MarginaliaThe tyme of Transubstantiation Where, by the way this is againe to be noted, that after the decree of Transubstantiation was enacted in the Coūcell of Laterane by Pope Innocent the iij. the yeare of our Lord 1215.MarginaliaThe tyme of the Turkes. not long after, about the yeare of our Lord 1260. was styrred vp the power and armes of the Oguzians, and of Orthogules father of Ottomānus: who about the yeare of our Lord 1294. began first to vexe the Christians about Pontus and Bithynia: and so beginning hys kingdome, an 1300. reigned 28. yeares,MarginaliaEx Laonico Chalcondyla. lib. 1. as is afore mentioned.
These passages are from Laonicus Chalkokondylas, De origine et rebus gestis Turcorum (Basel, 1556), pp. 3 and 6. But Chalkokondylas does not mention Innocent III; that is Foxe's insertion.
MarginaliaThe prophesie of Ezechiel. cap. 38. Mention was mad before of Ezechiel propheciyng agaynst Gog, whose wordes diuers expositours doe applye agaynst the Turke, and are these:
Ezekiel 38:15-19.
MarginaliaMethodius prophecies. VNto these testimonies aboue excerped out of the holy Scriptures, let vs adde also the propheticall reuelatiōs of Methodius, Hildegardis, Sybilla, & other.
Hildegard is Hildegard of Bingen, a twelfth-century Benedictine visionary, whose writings on the apocalypse were highly regarded in the later Middle Ages. By 'Sibylla' Foxe is referring to the Sibyls, pagan prophetesses who putatively foretold the birth of Christ and were supposed to have predicted events in world history. Texts attributed to the Sibylls were written from the second century BC and throughout the first millennium of the Christian era. Foxe's sources for these oracular writings will be discussed in future commentaries. The Revelations falsely attributed to Methodius, bishop of Patara (d. circa 311), is a collection of apocalyptic materials largely composed in the late seventh century as Islam was on the rise. The Revelations seek to explain the sudden success of the 'false' religion as the fulfillment of Biblical prophecy. The application of Biblical references and figures such as Gog and Magog to Islamic history made this work particularly useful to Foxe.
[Back to Top]