1583 Edition | Book 9 | Page 1394 
Close(1498/9 - 1583) [ODNB]
Administrator, chamberlain of the household of the duke of Somerset
Sir Thomas Smith, Richard Whalley and Thomas Fisher were imprisoned with Edward Seymour in the Tower. 1570, p. 1548; 1576, p. 1320; 1583, p. 1370.
Close(1504/5 - 1558) [ODNB]
Diplomat, administrator; committed to the Fleet in 1543 for supporting Thomas Parson; released
Resident ambassador to the emperor Charles V (1548 - 51); ambassador to France 1551; ambassador to the Netherlands 1552
Sir Philip Hoby was persecuted with Robert Testwood, Henry Filmer and Anthony Pearson. 1570, p. 1386; 1576, p. 1182; 1583, p. 1211.
He was one of those reported to Stephen Gardiner by William Symonds and John London as a chief helper and supporter of Anthony Pearson. 1570, p. 1389; 1576, p. 1185; 1583, p. 1214.
Gardiner had Simon Haynes and Philip Hoby committed to the Fleet, but their friends secured their release. 1570, p. 1390; 1576, p. 1186; 1583, p. 1214.
Hoby and his wife were among those indicted under the Six Articles but pardoned by the king. 1570, p. 1399; 1576, p. 1193; 1583, p. 1221.
In her letter to King Edward, Mary asked that the imperial ambassador and the ambassador to the emperor be consulted as to the promise Edward made to allow Mary to continue to practise her religion. 1576, pp. 1291-93; 1583, pp. 1334-35.
The lords opposed to the Lord Protector sent Sir Philip Hoby to put their case to the king. As a result, the Lord Protector was imprisoned in Windsor Castle and then taken to the Tower. 1570, p. 1548; 1576, p. 1320; 1583, p. 1370.
Close(1513 - 1577) [ODNB; Bindoff]
Scholar, diplomat, political theorist
BA Cambridge 1530; MA 1532; LLD, DCL 1542; regius professor of civil law (1540 - c. 1543); clerk to the privy council 1547; MP Marlborough 1547; MP Grampound 1553; MP Liverpool 1559; MP Essex 1571, 1572
Secretary of state (1548 - 49, 1572 - 77); privy councillor (1571 - 77); lord privy seal 1573
Stephen Gardiner was released out of the Fleet by a general pardon, but was placed under house arrest for failure to conform. Nicholas Ridley, Thomas Smith and William Cecil were sent to him. He was called before the council. 1563, p. 755; 1570, pp. 1525-26; 1576, p. 1301; 1583, p. 1351.
Sir Thomas Smith, Richard Whalley and Thomas Fisher were imprisoned with Edward Seymour in the Tower. 1570, p. 1548; 1576, p. 1320; 1583, p. 1370.
Thomas Cranmer, archbishop of Canterbury, Nicholas Ridley, bishop of Rochester, Sir William Petre, Sir Thomas Smith and William May, dean of St Paul's, were commissioned to examine Edmund Bonner. 1563, p. 697; 1570, p. 1504; 1576, p. 1275; 1583, p. 1312.
Bonner was summoned to appear before the commissioners. He behaved haughtily, ridiculing his accusers and the commissioners, and spoke in favour of the mass. He appeared first on 10 September 1549 before Thomas Cranmer, Nicholas Ridley, Sir William Petre and William May. Sir Thomas Smith was absent. 1563, pp. 698-99; 1570, pp. 1504-06; 1576, pp. 1275-77; 1583, pp. 1312-14.
[Back to Top]Bonner appeared for the second time on 13 September before Thomas Cranmer, Nicholas Ridley, Sir William Petre, Sir Thomas Smith and William May and was further examined. 1563, pp. 699-704; 1570, pp. 1506-08; 1576, pp. 1277-79; 1583, pp. 1314-17.
Bonner appeared for the third time on 16 September before Thomas Cranmer, Nicholas Ridley, Sir Thomas Smith and William May to answer the articles put to him at the previous session. John Hooper and William Latymer also appeared in order to purge themselves against the slanders of Bonner. 1563, pp. 704-709; 1570, pp. 1508-11; 1576, pp. 1279-80; 1583, pp. 1317-22.
[Back to Top]At Bonner's fourth appearance before the commissioners, he complained that Sir Thomas Smith had acted independently and had told the actuary what to write. 1563, pp. 709-10; 1570, p. 1511; 1576, p. 1281; 1583, p. 1322.
Bonner appeared for the fifth time before the commissioners on 20 September. He presented a written recusation of Sir Thomas Smith's judgement against him, which Smith answered. Bonner made his first appellation to the king. As a result of his behaviour during the proceedings, especially towards Sir Thomas Smith, Bonner was committed to the Marshalsea. 1563, pp. 713-717; 1570, pp. 1513-16; 1576, pp. 1282-85; 1583, pp. 1324-26.
[Back to Top]Bonner appeared for the sixth time before the commissioners on 23 September, when he presented a general recusation against all the commissioners and a second appellation to the king. A letter was read from Bonner to the mayor of London, Henry Amcottes, and aldermen. 1563, pp. 717-18; 1570, p. 1516; 1576, p. 1285; 1583, pp. 1326-27.
[Back to Top]Sir Thomas Smith was a deponent in the case of Stephen Gardiner. 1563, pp. 808, 827-28.
Close(1515/16 - 1577) [ODNB; Bindoff]
of Warwick; servant of Edward Seymour by 1544; constable of Warwick Castle (1545 - 53); keeper of Banbury Castle and bailiff of Banbury Hundred (1550 - 58); MP Chipping Wycombe (1547); MP Warwick (1554, 1555, 1558, 1559)
Sir Thomas Smith, Richard Whalley and Thomas Fisher were imprisoned with Edward Seymour in the Tower. 1570, p. 1548; 1576, p. 1320; 1583, p. 1370.
CloseA borough, market town and parish having separate jurisdiction, locally in the hundred of Ripplesmere, county of Berkshire. 20 mile east by north from Reading, 22.5 miles west by south from London. The castle, built by Henry I, occupies more than 12 acres of ground, comprising upper, lower and middle wards. A principal royal residence in Tudor times. The living [of the town] is a discharged vicarage in the Archdeaconry of Berkshire, Diocese of Salisbury.
[Back to Top]English information from Samuel Lewis, A Topographical Dictionary of England (S. Lewis & Co: London, 1831)
Welsh information taken from Samuel Lewis, A Topographical Dictionary of Wales(Lewis & Co: London, 1840)
The reason for the use of these works of reference is that they present the jurisdictional and ecclesiastical position as it was before the major Victorian changes. The descriptions therefore approximate to those applying in the sixteenth century, after the major changes of 1535-42. Except for the physical locations, which have not changed, the reader should not therefore take these references as being accurate in the twenty-first century.
[Back to Top]MarginaliaAnno 1552.to be put in execution: and the citie did aide them, & it came to an open battel, and the Lordes preuailed against þe king, and tooke the king and sonne prisoners, and vpon certaine conditions the Lordes restored the kinge and his sonne againe to their liberties, & among all other conditions thys was one, that the king should not only graunt his pardon to the lordes , but also to the citizens of London: the which was graunted, yea and the same was ratified by act of parlament. But what folowed of it? Was it forgottē? No surely, nor forgeuen neither, during the kings life. The liberites of the citie were taken away, straungers appoynted to be our heads and gouernours, the Citizens geuen awaye body and goods, and from one persecution to an other wer most miserably afflicted. Such is it to enter into the wrath of a Prince, as Saloman sayeth: MarginaliaThe wrath of a king not rashly to be prouoked.The wrath and indignation of a Prince is death. Wherfore, for as much as this aide is required of the kinges Maiestie, whole voyce wee ought to hearken vnto, for he is our high Shepehearde, rather then vnto the Lordes, and yet I woulde not wishe the Lordes to be clearely shaken off: my counsell is, that they wyth vs, and we with them maye ioyne in sute, and make our moste humble petition to the kings maiestie, that it would please his highnes to heare such complaint against the gouernement of the Lorde Protectoure, as maye be iustly alleaged and prooued , and I doubte not, but thys matter will be so pacified, that neither shal the king, nor yet the Lordes haue cause to seeke for further aide, neither we to offende any of them both.
[Back to Top]After this tale the Commons stayed, and the Lorde Maior and his brethren for the time brake vppe, till they had further communed wyth the Lordes. To make short, I lette passe what order by the Citie was taken.MarginaliaHere is to be noted that the City leuied 500. men, but they were not sent. But the conclusion was, that the Lordes (vppon what occasion I knowe not) sate the next daye in Counsaile in the Starre chamber, & from thence sente sir Philip Hobby wyth theyr letter of credence to the kings maiestie, beseeching his maiestie to geue credit to that which the sayd sir Philip should declare vnto his maiestye in their names:
CloseEdward VI's letter, written in response to Sir Philip Hoby's mission, is printed in Troubles Connected with the Prayer Book of 1549, ed. Nicholas Pocock. Camden Society, First series, 38 (London, 1884), pp. 102-4.
CloseThis took place on 11 October 1549.
CloseI.e., detained.
CloseThis took place on 14 October 1549.
Shortlye after the Lordes resorted vnto the Tower, and there charged the Lorde Protectour with sundry articles, as follow.
CloseThere are numerous varying versions of this document, some with 29, others with 31 articles. (For a discussion of this document, see William K. Jordan, Edward VI: the Young King (London, 1968), pp. 522-27). The version which Foxe used, and where he obtained it, remains unknown. However, his elimination of articles - assuming that he was not working from a faulty copy - appears not have been tendentious, but to eliminate repetition.
[Back to Top]MarginaliaArticles obiected against the Lord Protectour.1 IN primis, you tooke vppon you the office of Protectour and Gouernour, vpon condition expressely and specially, that you woulde doe nothinge in the kinges affaires, publikely or priuately, but by the assent of the late kinges executors.
2 Also you, contrary to the sayde condition, of your owne authority, did stay and let iustice, and subuerted the lawes, as wel by your letters, as by your commaundements.
3 Also, you caused diuers persones being arested and imprisoned for treason, murder, manslaughter, and felonie, to be discharged and let at large, against the kings lawes, and statutes of this realme.
4 Also, you haue made and ordained Lieutenants for the kings armies & other weighty affaires, vnder your owne wryting and seale.
5 Also, you haue communed with the Ambassadours of other Realmes, discoursing alone with them the waighty causes of this Realme.
6 Also you haue sometime rebuked, checked , and taunted, as well priuately as openly, diuers of the kings moste honourable Counsailours, for shewing & declaring theyr aduises and opinions against your purposes in the kings waightye affaires, sayinge sometimes to them, that you neede not to open matters vnto them, and would therfore be otherwise aduised: and that you would, if they were not agreeable to your opinyon, put them oute, and take other at your pleasure.
[Back to Top]7 Also, you had and helde against the lawe in your owne house, a Courte of Requestes, and thereby did enforce diuers the kinges subiectes to answeare for their free holdesand goodes, and determined the same to the subuersion of the same lawes.
8 Also, you being no Officer, without the aduise of the Counsaile, or the more part of them, did dispose of the Offices of the kings gift, for money, and graunted leases and Wardes of the kings, and gaue presentations to the kings benefices & bishoprikes, hauing no authority so to do. And farther, you did meddle with the selling of þe kings landes.
[Back to Top]9 Also, you commaunded Multiplication and Alcumistry to be practised, to abuse the kings coyne.
CloseThis is a reference to Somerset's debasing the coinage.
10 Also, you caused a proclamation to be made concerning enclosures, wherby the common people haue made diuers insurrections, & leuied open warre, and distremed & spoyled diuers of the kings subiects, which proclamation went foorth against the wil of the whole counsaile.
CloseThe aristocrats opposed to Somerset blamed his proclamation banning enclosures for triggering the 1549 rebellions. Ironically, the depiction of Somerset in these articles as a wild-eyed social reformer, was a keystone in the later image of him as a benevolent ruler.
11 Also, you haue caused a commission, with certaine articles thereunto annexed, to be made out concerning enclosures of commons, high wayes, decaying of cottages, and diuers other things, geuing the Commissioners authority to heare and determine the same causes, to the subuersion of the lawes and statutes of this realme: whereby much sedition, insurrection, and rebellion, haue risen and growen among the kings subiects.
[Back to Top]12 Also, you haue suffered the rebels and traitours to assemble and to lie in campe and armor against the king, his Nobles and gentelmen, without any speedye subduing or repressing of them.
13 Also you did comfort and encourage diuers of the sayde rebelles, by geuing of them diuers summes of your owne mony, and by promising to diuers of them, fees, rewards, and seruices.
14 Also, you in fauour of the sayd rebels, did againste the lawes, cause a Proclamation to be made, þt none of the said rebels or traitors shuld be sued or vexed by any person for any their offences in the said rebellion, to the clear subuersion of the same lawes.
15 Also, you haue sayd in the time of the rebellion, that you liked wel the doings and proceedings of the sayde rebelles and traitors, and sayde, that the couetousnes of the gentlemen gaue occasion to the common people to rise: sayinge also, that better it were for the Commons to die, then pearish for lacke of liuing.
[Back to Top]16 Also, you saide that the Lordes of the parlamente were loth to encline themselues to reformatiō of enclosures and other things: therfore the people had good cause to reforme the things them selues.
17 Also, you after the reporte and declaration of the defaultes and lackes reported to you by suche as did suruey Bulleine and the Peeces there, woulde neuer amende the same defaultes.
18 Also, you would not suffer the kings peeces beyōd the seas, called Newhauen, & Blacknest to be furnished wyth men and vitailes, although you were aduertised of the defaults therin by the captaines of the same peeces & others, & were thereto aduertised by the kings Counsaile: wherby the French king being the kings open enemy, was encouraged and comforted to inuade and win the sayd peeces, to the kings great losse, and dishonor of his realme.
[Back to Top]19 Also you declared and published vntruely, as well to the kings maiestie, and other the young Lordes attendant vpon his graces persone, that the Lordes of the Counsaile at London, minded to destroy the king, & you required the king neuer to forget it, but to reuenge it: and likewise you required the yong Lordes to put the king in remembrance therof, to the entent to make sedition, and discord betwene the king and his Lordes.
[Back to Top]20 Also, where the kinges Maiesties priuie Counsaile, of their loue and zeale that they did beare vnto the king & his Realme, did consulte at London to haue communed wyth you, to the entent to mooue you charitablie to amend your doings and misgouernment, you hearing of their sayd assembly, did cause to be declared by letters in diuers places, the said Lordes to be high traitors to the king, to the great disturbance of the realme.
[Back to Top]And thus muche hitherto concerning the first trouble of the Lorde Protectoure, Duke of Somersette, wyth the crimes and articles obiected against him, with his prisonment also in the Tower, and the terrible proclamatiō geuen out against hym. All which purposes of man, thoughe they seemed fully entended to no lesse, but to the spilling of his life: MarginaliaThe mercifull working of the Lord for the Lord Protector.yet the Lorde aboue, the onely disposer of all mens purposes, so ordered the matter by the meanes of the kinge labouring for his Vncle, that in short while after, hee was lette out of the Tower,MarginaliaThe Lord Protectour deliuered out of the tower. and the Proclamation, whyche before had made hym a traitor, wythin three dayes was called in agayne, a Domino factum est istud,) wyth commaundement geuen, none of them to be solde. And so the Duke of Somerset gratiously escaping thys aduersitie, was a-
[Back to Top]