MarginaliaAnno 1549.bread, it remayning bread still? And if you thinke to finde it, I pray you shewe me here, whether that bodye that hee gaue with materiall bread, were his true bodye or not? If not, then it was phantasticall
Glyn, like many contemporary English Catholics, equated the Edwardian Protestant Eucharistic doctrine as delineated by Cranmer with that of Zwingli: the bread and wine represent ('a bare and naked sign') Christ's body and blood - there is no presence of Christ. The Eucharistic doctrine established in Edward's reign for the Church of England was that Christ was truly, but not corporeally, present in the believer who receives Communion. Whether this was a willful conflation of the two doctrines by Glyn and other Catholics or they did not see any substantial difference between Cranmer's and Zwingli's views is uncertain.
[Back to Top]Glyn makes the interesting (and possibly unique) argument that there can be only three logical possibilities regarding how Christ is present in the Eucharist: 1. He is not present (Zwinglians); he is present alongside the bread and wine (Lutherans); he is truly present under the signs of bread and wine, which have been transformed completely from bread and wine into his corporeal, glorified body and blood (Catholics). The stance of Madew, Cranmer and their fellow English Protestants (real but not impanated or transubstantiated) cannot be sustained, because there would be two substances taking up the same space, which is contrary to all logic. The views of Luther and Zwingli are dismissed as not founded in Scripture, according to Catholic tradition. [This commentator has not found this argument elsewhere in the Catholic controversial works on the Eucharist published in England during the 1540s and 1550s, or in the works of Fisher in the 1520s, the last being fundamental for most Catholic theological understanding in England after his execution in 1535.]
[Back to Top]'Plain words': Glyn turns the common Protestant trope that the Bible can be plainly understood by all against Madew, for in the case of 'this is my body' so it should be understood, according to Catholics.
Madew. If you doe consider the thinges themselues they be all one, but if you respecte the onely signes, figures and sacramentes outwardly then they be diuers.
MarginaliaThe Sacraments of the old law and new law, how they differ.Glin. I doe perceiue your aunswere very well, then further to our purpose, was Christ then after the same maner in the bread that came from heauen.
Glyn now suddenly shifts his argument to whether Protestants equate the signs of God's power given in the Old Testament (i.e., the Temple sacrifices) with the sacraments (visible signs of God's invisible grace) instituted by Jesus in the New Testament. If so, than Christ's gospel is no different from the Jewish Covenant and cannot be the fulfillment or completion of Judaism ('the old Law'), as the New Testament ('the law of Grace') claims and the Church believed, for Christ's sacraments should logically have the greater potency. In fact in some cases Christ's sacraments would be inferior, such as the manna from heaven in comparison to the bread made from earthly grain and baked in earthly ovens.
[Back to Top]Glyn uses a common Catholic trope against Protestants, that they have ceased believing in what the rest of the Church believes and has believed.
Ambrose, one of the four great doctors or teachers of the Western Church, was bishop of Milan in the fourth century. Basil and John Chrysostom were two of the great doctors of the Eastern Church in the same period. Denis, or Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, was actually a medieval theologian who was believed to have been the disciple of Saint Paul in Athens.
[Back to Top]Madew. I denye (mayster Doctour) that I sayde any suche thing, and therwith I say that the Fathers do vnderstand by adoration a certeine reuerent maner, that we should receiue the Lordes supper with, which may be called a certē veneration, but no adoration.
Glin. No may? S. Austen (de ciuitate Dei) witnesseth that the Ethnikes, and Paynims
'Ethnics, and Paynims': pagans.
Madew. By your pacience S. Austen in that place speaketh of the honoring of Christes body now sitting in heauen.
Glin. Yea mayster Doctor, thinke you so? And why not also of his blessed body in the sacrament? Seing that he saith it is there, MarginaliaMath. 26. Marc.this is my body, which is geuen for you, sayth he. More playnely he needed not to speake for the reall presēce of his blessed body, being both able & willing to verify his word. For if a cunning Lapidary should say to you or me thys is a true right diamōd, a perfecte carbuncle, saphyre, emrode
'Lapidary': merchant of precious stones; 'emrode': emerald.
Madew. Forsooth he hath but one very body, & no moe
'Moe': more.
MarginaliaArgument.Glin. Well yet once agayne to you thus. The very true body of Christ is to be honored, but the same very true body is in the Sacrament, ergo the body of Christ in the sacrament is to bee honored.
MarginaliaByshop Ridley replyeth.Rochester. Welbeloued frendes and brethren in our sauior Christ
Here is the first example of Ridley forgoing his role as arbitrator of the disputation and supporting Madew in arguing against the Catholic understanding of the Eucharist and defending the English Protestant stance on it.
Glin. How thē (if it please your good Lordship) doth baptisme differ from this Sacrament? For in that we receiue Christ also by grace and vertually.
MarginaliaChrist worketh otherwise in Baptisme. then the Sacramental bread.Rochester. Christ is present after an other sort in baptism, then in this sacrament, for in that he purgeth and washeth the infant from all kinde of sinne, but
Ridley gives a clear exposition of the Eucharist as understood by the leaders of the Edwardine Reformation.
According to Foxe, Ridley does not say that only in the reception of the Eucharist is Christ present, as was - or would soon be - the Edwardine Reformers' stance. According to the 1552 Book of Common Prayer, the clergy may take home the consecrated bread left over from Communion for their Sunday dinner. This appears to have been Cranmer's view in 1549, but he did not make that view explicit in the edition of the 1549 Prayer Book.
[Back to Top]MarginaliaObiect.Glin. If it please your fatherhood, S. Ambrose and S. Austen do say, that before the consecratiō, it is but very bread, and after the consecration it is called the verye bodye of Christ.
Madew. Indeed it is the very body of Christ sacramentally after the consecration, whereas before it is nothing but common bread, and yet after that it is the Lordes bread, & thus must S. Ambrose and S. Austen be vnderstanded.
Proctors: university police.
MarginaliaAunswere. Well cauilled & lyke a Papiste.THe bread after the consecration doth feed the soule, ergo the substaunce of common breade doth not remayne. The argument is good, for S. Ambrose de sacramentis saith thus. After the consecration there is not the thing, that nature did forme, but that which the blessing doth consecrate. And if the benediction of the Prophet Elias did turne the nature of water how much more then doth the benedictiō of Christ here both God and man.
[Back to Top]Madew. That book of S. Ambrose is suspected to be none of his workes.
Rochester. So say all the fathers.
Glin. I doe maruaile at that, for S. Austen in his book of retractions maketh playne that, that was his own very worke.
Rochester. He speaketh indeede of such a booke so intituled to S. Ambrose, but yet we do lacke the same book indeed.
Glin. Well, let it then passe to other mens iudgementes: What then say you to holy MarginaliaCyprian.S. Ciprian 1200. yeares past? Who saith that the bread which our Lord gaue to his disciples, was not chaunged in forme, or quallitie: but in very nature, and by the almighty word was made fleshe.
Madew. I do aunswere thus, that this word fleshe may be taken two wayes either for the substaunce it selfe, or els for a natural propertie of a fleshly thing. So that Ciprian