(d. 1556) [ODNB]
Clergyman; BA Cambridge 1542-3; MA 1547; BTh 1554; prebendary of Worcester, chaplain to Bishop Richard Pates 1554
In the disputation at Cambridge in 1549, Andrew Perne answered the third disputation, opposed by Thomas Parker, Leonard Pollard, Thomas Vavasour and John Young. 1570, pp. 1556-57; 1576, pp. 1326-28; 1583, pp. 1385-88.
(fl. 1535 - 1581) [ODNB]
BA Cambridge 1535/6; MA 1540/41; BTh 1548; original fellow of Trinity (1546), Lady Margaret preacher (1556 - 1558); Roman Catholic priest and Elizabethan exile
One of the spokesmen for Catholic orthodoxy in a disputation on the sacraments held in Cambridge in 1549
In the disputation at Cambridge in 1549, Andrew Perne answered the third disputation, opposed by Thomas Parker, Leonard Pollard, Thomas Vavasour and John Young. 1570, pp. 1556-57; 1576, pp. 1326-28; 1583, pp. 1385-88.
(d. 1585) [ODNB]
Physician and recusant; BA Cambridge 1536; MA 1538; fellow of Trinity; MD Venice 1553; imprisoned at Hull in 1574, died there
In the disputation at Cambridge in 1549, Andrew Perne answered the third disputation, opposed by Thomas Parker, Leonard Pollard, Thomas Vavasour and John Young. 1570, pp. 1556-57; 1576, pp. 1326-28; 1583, pp. 1385-88.
there is in the other also, This is my body, for the holy scripture is a perfect rule not onely of doyng, but also of speakyng. Paule calleth it bread three tymes, Ergo it is bread, &c. And wheras they vrge so much this Pronoune (illum) it is not in the Grecke canon which hath panem, bread, not panem illum, that bread. There was no transubstantiation in the Manna, Ergo, nor in this sacrament, for there is this article (est) if that can prooue transubstantiation as they suppose. And if Manna were a figure (say they) then this is not. This mysterie or Sacrament we hold to be true bread, and true meate. Manna gaue lyfe vnto them, as this doth vnto vs, yet was it but a figure. MarginaliaTheir ought to be a certaine analogie in euery Sacrament betwene the thing that signifieth, & the thing that is signified.In euery sacrament there ought to be a certaine analogie, both of the interne and externe thyng of the Sacrament, as Augustine sayth, writyng to Bonifacius, but betwixt the formes of bread and wyne, and the body of Christ, there is no analogie at all,
Perne argues that since a sacrament is a visible sign (or 'analogy') of invisible grace, and the Catholic understanding of the Eucharist is that Christ is actually present under the signs of bread and wine, such that the visible sign and invisible grace are united, then this understanding contradicts the very definition of a sacrament. Catholics would respond that in the Eucharist the visible signs are the forms of bread and wine which conceal the invisible grace that is present in Christ's true body and blood. Catholics would hold that though this kind of combination is unique among the Seven Sacraments (and for them the Eucharist is the greatest of the Sacraments), the traditional definition of a sacrament still obtains.
[Back to Top]Perne's argument is odd, for it he seems to equate Christ's human and mortal body, subject to vicissitudes of this world, with his human, risen body.
MAthew, Marke, Luke and the apostle Paule, call it a commemoration or remembraunce of Christes body and bloud. And Paule to the Hebrews sayth: By one onely oblation once offered, are we made perfect to eternall saluation, &c. By hym therefore doe we offer vp the sacrifice of laud and prayse to God, that is the fruit of the lips, &c. It is called the Eucharist, MarginaliaWhy it is called the Eucharist.because we offer to God praise and thankesgeuyng, with deuout myndes, and it is called the cup of thankesgeuyng, because we geue thankes to God thereby also. You shall preach forth the Lordes death, &c. that is, you shall geue thanks & be myndfull of his death, &c. Geue your bodies a quick and liuyng sacrifice, &c. The sacrifice of prayse and thankesgiuing, shall honour me, &c. Chrysostome sayth, The wyse men offered three kyndes of sacrifices, gold, frankencense and myrrhe, so we doe also, namely vertue, prayer, and almes deedes. These be the sacrifices wherewith Christ is pleased. MarginaliaNo other sacrifice, but onely prayse and thankesgeuing.And Augustine sayth there are no other sacrifices thē prayer, prayse and thanksgeuyng, &c. Chrysostome homil. 46. vpon Iohn sayth, to be conuerted or turned into Christ, is to be made pertaker of hys body and bloud.
[Back to Top]Leonard Pollard was a fellow of Peterhouse, Cambridge, and then of St John's. In Mary's reign he became chaplain to Bishop Pate of Worcester (a close associate of Cardinal Pole's), and published several lucid sermons on Catholic doctrine. Thomas Vavasour was associated with St John's, Cambridge. In Mary's reign he became a physician after studying in Venice. He was a recusant in Yorkshire in Elizabeth's reign. John Young was a fellow of St John's Cambridge and became Regius Professor of Divinity in Mary's reign.
[Back to Top]CHrist whose wordes are to be beleeued, sayd, This is my body, he said not this bread is my body, or wt this bread, or vnder this bread, or by this bread, but sayd plainly, This is my body. And this he prooued by these reasons:MarginaliaThree vaine reasons, to proue the bread to be transubstāciate. First, for that it was prefigured before. Secondly, for that it was promised. Thirdly, for that it was geuen. The transubstātiation of the bread was prefigured by the Manna which came downe from heauen, all that bread was heauenly, and without any earthly matter or substance adnexed. Secondly, it was promised in those wordes of Christ, þe bread that I will geue, is my flesh, &c. Thirdly, it was geuen by Christ, and exhibited in hys last supper, sayeng: Take, eate, this is my body.
[Back to Top]WE geue thee thanks most holy Father, that thou hast hid these thyngs from the wyse and prudent, and hast reuealed them to babes, for pryde is the roote of al heresies whatsoeuer. And on the other side, to acknowledge our owne infirmitie and imperfection, is the first steppe to the true vnderstandyng of the truth. Nestorius
Nestorius was a fifth-century Patriarch of Constantinople who was charged with decisively dividing the human and divine natures of Jesus Christ to the point of dualism and denying Jesus' divinity.
The Council of Ephesus (451) was the fourth of the Ecumenical Councils of the Church; it clarified the Church's understanding of the how Christ is truly human and truly divine and the nature of the Trinity.
MarginaliaChrist is in the Sacrament really after a sort.Perne.
Perne offers the Edwardine Reformers' understanding of Christ's presence in the Eucharist.
Parker. The flesh of Christ as it is in the sacramēt, is quick and geueth lyfe, Ergo,his reall and substantiall fleshe is in the sacrament.
MarginaliaHow Christes fleshe geueth lyfe.Perne. The flesh of Christ in that it is vnited to the deitie, doth viuifie, and geueth lyfe, but not otherwyse.
Rochest. Christ dwelleth in vs by fayth, and by fayth we receiue Christ both God and man, both in spirit and flesh, that is, this sacramentall eatying is the meane and waye whereby we attayne to the spirituall eatyng, and in deede for the strengthenyng of vs to the eatyng of this spirituall foode, was this sacrament ordeyned. And these words This is my body, are ment thus, MarginaliaHow these wordes, this is my body are ment.by grace it is my true body, but not my fleshly body, as some of you suppose.
[Back to Top]Parker. We are ioyned to Christ, not onely by faith, but also in very deede, ergo&c.
Rochest. We are ioyned to Christ that is, we are made pertakers of his flesh and of immortalitie. MarginaliaThere is a vnion betweene mā, and womā, yet no transubstantiation.And so lyke case is there a vnion betweene man and woman, yet is there no transubstantiation of eyther, or both, &c.
Pollard. The sacrament is not bare bread and nothing els, onely because it is called bread so often in the Scriptures, and that I prooue by three reasons.
Pollard uses traditional arguments to demonstrate how Catholics explain that Christ in the Eucharist is still called 'bread' and 'wine', and how the wicked may receive his body but gain to benefit from it.
'Jairus' son': actually daughter; see Mark 5:22-43.
Rochest. The euill do not receyue the Lord in Sacrament,