1583 Edition | Book 8 | Page 1204 
Close(d. 651) [ODNB]
Irish monk of Iona; missionary to Northumbria and bishop of Lindisfarne
Requested by King Oswald of Northumbria; worked with him and Oswine
He preached in Northumbria, with King Oswald translating into English. 1570, pp. 150, 163; 1576, pp. 112, 123; 1583, pp. 111, 122.
Áedán was given a valuable horse by King Oswine of Deira so that he would not always have to travel on foot. He met a poor beggar one day and gave him the horse with its trappings. 1570, p. 164; 1576, p. 123; 1583, p. 122.
Áedán allowed only milk and water to be drunk at Lindisfarne. 1570, p. 170; 1576, p. 129; 1583, p. 127.
Ádán, Finán and his successor Colmán held to the Irish method of calculating the date of Easter. 1570, p. 164; 1576, p. 124; 1583, p. 122.
Close(654 - 714) [ODNB]
Daughter of King Oswiu of Northumbria; abbess of Strensall-Whitby.
Dedicated to religion at one year old in fulfillment of a vow made by her father before his victory at the battle of the Winw?d; in the care of her relative Hild, succeeded her as abbess.
King Oswiu gave with his daughter 12 lordships to found 12 monasteries, six each in Bernicia and Deira. 1570, pp. 150, 177; 1576, pp. 112, 134; 1583, pp. 111, 133.
Close(893/4 - 939) [ODNB]
King of England (924 - 39)
Eldest but illegitimate son of Edward the Elder
The kingdom of Northumberland came into the hands of the West Saxons during the time of Æthelstan and his brother Edmund. 1570, p. 150; 1576, p. 112; 1583, p. 111.
Æthelstan built two abbeys to expiate his murder of his brother Edwin. 1570, p. 1349; 1576, p. 1151; 1583, p. 1180.
Æthelstan is given as an example of a king wrongly accused and judged. 1570, p. 1360; 1576, p. 1161; 1583, p. 1189.
Close(d. 679) [ODNB]
Queen of Northumbria (670 - before 678); abbess of Ely (673 - 679)
Daughter of Anna, king of East Anglia; married Tondberht, then Ecgfrith, king of Northumbria in 670. Friend of Cuthbert and Wilfred; consecrated nun in 672; founded double monastery at Ely in 673; divorced by 678.
Etheldreda refused her husband Ecgfrith sexual relations, lived abstemiously and obtained his permission to become a nun. 1570, p. 150; 1576, p. 112; 1583, p. 111.
Close(904x9 - 984) [ODNB]
In the royal household of King Æthelstan; studied at Glastonbury. Abbot of Abingdon; bishop of Winchester (963 - 84)
Archbishops Oda and Dunstan and Bishops Æthelwold of Winchester and Oswald of Worcester, being monks, were opposed to the marriage of priests. 1570, p. 1317; 1576, p. 1126; 1583, p. 1152.
During Æthelwold's term as bishop of Winchester, emphasis on the monastic profession of a celibate life and opposition to clerical marriage increased. 1570, p. 1349, 1576, p. 1142, 1583, p. 1171.
Æthelwold replaced the canons in Winchester cathedral with monks. 1570, p. 1350, 1576, p. 1152, 1583, p. 1181.
In Winchester, miracles were attributed to former bishops Æthelwold and Swithun. 1570, p. 168; 1576, p. 125; 1583, p. 125.
Close(d. 604) [ODNB]
Monk; first archbishop of Canterbury; sent as a missionary in 597 to Ethelbert of Kent, bretwalda of England, by Pope Gregory the Great
Gregory I sent Augustine to Britain. 1563, p. 16.
After Augustine and the other missionaries had set out on their journey, they turned back through fear. Gregory sent them back with letters of encouragement and help. 1570, p. 155; 1576, p. 116;1583, p. 115.
Augustine met King Æthelbert of Kent and was given permission to live and preach in his kingdom. He and the other missionaries were given a house in Canterbury. The king was converted and built a church and an abbey for Augustine. 1570, p. 156; 1576, p. 117;1583, p. 116.
Augustine went to France to be consecrated bishop. He sent his colleague Laurence to Rome to report on their progress and to deliver a set of questions to Pope Gregory, to which Gregory sent back answers. 1570, pp. 156-58; 1576, pp. 117-19;1583, pp. 116-18.
Gregory sent more missionaries, along with books, implements and letters and a pallium for Augustine. 1570, p. 158; 1576, p. 119;1583, p. 118.
At the direction of Gregory, Augustine consecrated two bishops, one for London and one for York. He then called the bishops and doctors together in assemblies, where the differences between the rites and customs of the Irish church and that of Rome were noted. 1570, pp. 159-60; 1576, pp. 119-20;1583, pp. 118-19.
[Back to Top]Augustine baptised thousands of converts in the River Swale on Christmas day. He appointed Laurence as his successor at Canterbury. 1570, p. 160; 1576, p. 120;1583, p. 119.
Close(fl. 654 - c. 670) [ODNB]
Abbot of Iken, Suffolk (654 - c. 670)
Botwulf built an abbey in the eastern part of Lincolnshire. 1570, p. 164; 1576, p. 124; 1583, p. 122.
Close(d. 672?) [ODNB]
Brother of Cedd; disciple of Áedán of Lindisfarne; abbot of Lastingham 664
Consecrated bishop of Northumbria/York by the simoniacal bishop of Winchester, Wine; resigned
Bishop of Mercia and Lindsey 669
Theodore, archbishop of Canterbury, replaced Wilfrid as bishop of York with Ceadda. This was supported by King Ecgfrith of Northumbria. 1570, p. 166; 1576, p. 125; 1583, p. 124.
When Wilfrid was restored to the bishopric of York by King Osred I, Ceadda was consecrated bishop of Mercia by Theodore, archbishop of Canterbury. 1570, p. 166; 1576, p. 125; 1583, p. 124.
CloseDaughter of Penda of Mercia [ODNB sub Penda]
Married to Alchfrith, son of Oswiu of Northumbria; supposed to have retired after his death to the minster at Castor, Northamptonshire and to have been buried there with her sister Cyneswith
She and her sister are referred to as holy virgins. 1570, p. 150; 1576, p. 112; 1583, p. 111.
Agilbert, James the deacon of Paulinus, Wilfrid and Alchfrith, son of King Oswiu, and his wife Cyneburh held to the Roman method of calculating the date of Easter. 1570, p. 165; 1576, p. 124; 1583, p. 123.
Close(d. 988) [ODNB]
Educated at Glastonbury, became a monk there; councillor to King Edmund
Abbot of Glastonbury; treasurer, advisor to King Eadred; exiled in 955
Bishop of Worcester, bishop of London, archbishop of Canterbury (959 - 88)
Archbishops Oda and Dunstan and Bishops Æthelwold of Winchester and Oswald of Worcester, being monks, were opposed to the marriage of priests. 1570, p. 1317; 1576, p. 1126; 1583, p. 1152.
During Dunstan's term as archbishop of Canterbury, emphasis on the monastic profession of a celibate life and opposition to clerical marriage increased. 1570, p. 1339, 1576, p. 1142, 1583, p. 1171.
Dunstan replaced the canons at Canterbury cathedral with monks. 1570, p. 1350, 1576, p. 1152, 1583, p. 1181.
At the behest of Lanfranc, Osbern wrote the lives of Oda, Dunstan and Alphege. 1570, p. 1301; 1576, p. 1113; 1583, p. 1138.
Dunstan, in a miraculous appearance after his death, was said to have accused Ælfric of attempting to ruin his church. 1570, p. 1312; 1576, p. 1123; 1583, p. 1148.
Close(d. 693) [ODNB]
Abbot of Chertsey (c. 664 - 693); founded Barking Abbey
Bishop of the East Saxons (675/6 - 93)
Although Earconwald's legs would no longer allow him to walk or ride a horse, he rode in a litter to be able to preach throughout his diocese. 1570, p. 151; 1576, p. 113; 1583, p. 112.
Close(943/4 - 975) [ODNB]
King of England (959 - 75); crowned in 973 at Bath
Younger son of Edmund I and Aelgifu; king of the Mercians in 957; welcomed Dunstan when he had been expelled by Eadwig.
Edgar rebuilt the abbey of Chertsey founded by Bishop Earconwald and the abbey at Glastonbury. 1570, p. 177, 1576, p. 134, 1583, p. 133.
Pope John XIII wrote to King Edgar, telling him to appoint only monks as bishops and to replace the secular prebendaries at Winchester with monks. 1570, p. 1350; 1576, p. 1152; 1583, p. 1181.
Under Edgar, emphasis on the monastic profession of a celibate life and opposition to clerical marriage increased. 1570, p. 1339, 1576, p. 1142, 1583, p. 1171.
Close(d. 933) [VCH, Dorset, vol. 2 (1908) pp. 58-62]
Brother of Æthelstan
Æthelstan built two abbeys to expiate his murder of his brother Edwin. 1570, p. 1349; 1576, p. 1151; 1583, p. 1180.
Close(d. 649) [ODNB]
b. Ireland; founded monastery in Louth, Ireland; missionary monk in England; founded monastery at Cnobheresburg, lived as hermit; fled to Francia after attack by Penda
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, pp. 177, 1349; 1576, pp. 134, 1151; 1583, pp. 133, 1180.
Close(614 - 680) [ODNB]
Daughter of Hereric, prince of Deira; baptized with Eadwine of Northumbria in 627; became a nun c. 647; founded Streanaeshalch (Strensall)/Whitby in 657
Abbess of Strensall-Whitby (657 - 80); established a school there
Hild, with Colmán, bishop of the Northumbrians, held to the Irish method of calculating the date of Easter. 1570, p. 164; 1576, p. 124; 1583, p. 123.
The Synod of Whitby was held in Hild's abbey in 664. 1570, p. 165; 1576, p. 124; 1583, p. 123.
Close(c. 1045 - 1109) [ODNB]
Abbot of Crowland (1086 - 1109); a C15 pseudo-chronicle of the abbey was attributed to him
Ingulf's chronicle is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 1349; 1576, p. 1151; 1583, p. 1180.
CloseBishop of Dorchester (971 - 971x975); bishop of Lindsey (?x953 - 971x975); united the sees of Dorchester and Sidnacester [www.trin.cam.ac.uk/chartwww/Bishops/sees/lindsey]
Leofwine replaced the canons at the church of Dorchester with monks. 1570, p. 1350; 1576, p. 1152; 1583, p. 1181.
Close(supp. fl. mid-C7) [ODNB]
Abbot; may have been eponymous founder and 1st abbot of the monastery of Malmesbury
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 1349; 1576, p. 1151; 1583, p. 1180.
Close(d. 971) [ODNB]
Partly Danish; kinsman of Oswald and his successor at York; bishop of Dorchester (c. 950 - 71); archbishop of York (958/59 - 71)
Oscytel replaced the canons at York Minster with monks. 1570, p. 1350; 1576, p. 1152; 1583, p. 1181.
Close(603/4 - 642) [ODNB]
Second son of Æthelfrith; exiled with his brothers at their father's death
King of Northumbria (634 - 42); converted to Christianity while in exile; killed in battle against Penda of Mercia
Cadwallon of Gwynedd and Penda of Mercia, having defeated and killed Eadwine, Eanfrith and Osric, attempted the same with Oswald. After a fierce battle, Oswald's forces prevailed. 1570, p. 163; 1576, p. 122; 1583, p. 121.
Oswald overcame Penda and Cadwallon in battle through prayer. He sent for Áedán to preach and translated for him. 1570, pp. 150, 163; 1576, pp. 112, 122; 1583, pp. 111, 121.
Oswald converted to Christianity while in exile with the Irish and learned their language. He was thus able to translate for Áedán. 1570, p. 163; 1576, p. 123; 1583, p. 121.
Oswald was partly responsible for the conversion of King Cynegils of the West Saxons. 1570, p. 163; 1576, p. 123; 1583, p. 122.
Oswald stood godfather to King Cynegils of the West Saxons and married his daughter. He was killed in battle against Penda of Mercia. 1570, p. 163; 1576, p. 123; 1583, p. 122.
Close(d. 992) [ODNB]
Nephew of Archbishop Oda; monk at Fleury; began a monastery at Ramsey; bishop of Worcester (961 - 92); bishop of York (971 - 92)
Archbishops Oda and Dunstan and Bishops Æthelwold of Winchester and Oswald of Worcester, being monks, were opposed to the marriage of priests. 1570, p. 1317; 1576, p. 1126; 1583, p. 1152.
During Oswald's term as bishop of York, emphasis on the monastic profession of a celibate life and opposition to clerical marriage increased. 1570, p. 1339, 1576, p. 1142, 1583, p. 1171.
Oswald replaced secular canons in the cathedral with monks. 1570, p. 1350, 1576, p. 1152, 1583, p. 1181.
Close(611/12 - 670) [ODNB]
Son of Æthelfrith; exiled with his brothers at their father's death; baptised as a Christian in exile
King of Northumbria (642 - 70); struggle with Penda of Mercia; chaired the synod of Whitby in 664
Before battle, Oswiu dedicated his daughter to religion, along with 12 lordships to found 12 monasteries. 1570, p. 150; 1576, p. 112; 1583, p. 111.
Oswiu was a friend of King Sigeberht of the East Saxons and was instrumental in his conversion. 1570, p. 151; 1576, p. 113; 1583, p. 112.
King Oswiu gave with his daughter Ælfflæd 12 lordships to found 12 monasteries, six each in Bernicia and Deira. 1570, pp. 150, 177; 1576, pp. 112, 134; 1583, pp. 111, 133.
Penda of Mercia gave his consent to the marriage of his son Peada with Alhflæd, daughter of Oswiu. 1570, p. 164; 1576, p. 123; 1583, p. 122.
Oswiu killed Penda of Mercia in battle. 1570, p. 163; 1576, p. 123; 1583, p. 122.
Oswiu presided over the Synod of Whitby in 664 and opened it with an oration. 1570, p. 165; 1576, p. 124; 1583, p. 123.
Oswiu, having listened to spokesmen for both the Irish and the Roman positions on the calculation of the date of Easter, decided in favour of the Roman. 1570, pp. 165-66; 1576, pp. 124-25; 1583, pp. 123-24.
Close(d. 675) [ODNB]
Son of King Penda
King of the Mercians (658 - 75)
East Saxon rulers were subject to him; extended control over territories formerly ruled by Kent and the West Saxons
Foxe mistakenly says that the sister nuns Mildrith and Mildburg were his daughters. 1570, p. 150; 1576, p. 112; 1583, p. 111.
After the death of his brother Peada, Wulfhere came to the Northumbrian throne. Soon after he married Eormenhild, the daughter of Eorcenberht, King of Kent, he converted to Christianity. 1570, p. 164; 1576, p. 123; 1583, p. 122.
Wulfhere defeated Cenwalh, king of the West Saxons, and obtained the Isle of Wight, which he gave to Sigeberht of the East Angles on condition he accept Christianity. [Wulfhere gave the Isle of Wight to Æthelwealh, king of the South Saxons, his godson, whom he had persuaded to accept Christianity - ODNB sub Wulfhere; Foxe: 1570, p. 166; 1576, p. 125; 1583, p. 124] 1570, p. 164; 1576, p. 123; 1583, p. 122.
[Back to Top]Foxe says that Wulfhere persuaded Sigebehrt of the East Angles to accept Christianity. Sigebehrt of the East Angles had converted while in exile in France and had entered a monastery before Wulfhere came to the throne [ODNB sub Sigebehrt]. The king who was baptised by Finán was Sigebehrt Sanctus of the East Saxons, and he was persuaded by Oswiu, king of Northumbria [ODNB sub Kings of the East Angles; ODNB sub Finán; Foxe, 1570, p. 151; 1576, p. 113; 1583, p. 112.] 1570, p. 164; 1576, p. 123; 1583, p. 122.
[Back to Top]When King Sigehere of the East Saxons reverted to paganism, he was made to return to Christianity by his overlord, King Wulfhere. 1570, p. 150; 1576, p. 112; 1583, p. 111.
CloseCounty Down, Northern Ireland
OS grid ref: J 512 803
OR Bangor on Dee (Bangor-is-y-Coed), Wrexham, Wales
OS grid ref: SJ 395 455
CloseA borough, market town and head of a liberty, having separate jurisdiction in the East Riding of the County of York. 9 miles north-east from Kingston upon Hull, Beverley comprises the parishes of St John, St Martin, St Mary and St Nicholas, all within the Archdeaconry of the East Riding and diocese of York. The living of St John is a perpetual curacy with that of St Martin united. The living of St Mary is a vicarage, with that of St Nicholas united.
[Back to Top]English information from Samuel Lewis, A Topographical Dictionary of England (S. Lewis & Co: London, 1831)
Welsh information taken from Samuel Lewis, A Topographical Dictionary of Wales(Lewis & Co: London, 1840)
The reason for the use of these works of reference is that they present the jurisdictional and ecclesiastical position as it was before the major Victorian changes. The descriptions therefore approximate to those applying in the sixteenth century, after the major changes of 1535-42. Except for the physical locations, which have not changed, the reader should not therefore take these references as being accurate in the twenty-first century.
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Close[St Edmundsbury; Berry; Bery]
West Suffolk
OS grid ref: TL 855 645
Contains a ruined abbey, the shrine of St Edmund
CloseAn ancient city and county of itself, having separate jurisdiction. Locally in the hundred of Bridge and Petham, lathe of St. Augustine, eastern division of the county of Kent. 26 miles south-east by east from Rochester. The city comprises the parishes of All Saints, St. Alphege, St. Andrew, St. George, The Holy Cross, St. Margaret, St. Martin, St. Mary Bredman, St. Mary Bredin, St. Mary Magdalene, St. Mary Northgate, St. Mildred, St. Peter and St. Paul, all in the Diocese of Canterbury, and with the exception of St. Alphege and St. Martin within the Archdeaconry of Canterbury. The living of All Saints is a rectory with St. Mary in the Castle and St. Mildred attached; St. Alphege is a rectory exempt, united with the vicarage of St. Mary Northgate; St. Andrew is a rectory with St. Mary Bredman annexed; St. George is a rectory with St. Mary Magdalene annexed; St. Martin's is a rectory exempt with St. Paul's annexed; St. Peter's is a rectory with Holy Cross annexed; St. Mary Bredin is a vicarage; and St. Margaret's is a donative in the patronage of the Archdeacon
[Back to Top]English information from Samuel Lewis, A Topographical Dictionary of England (S. Lewis & Co: London, 1831)
Scottish information from Samuel Lewis, A Topographical Dictionary of Scotland (S. Lewis & Co: London, 1846)
Welsh information taken from Samuel Lewis, A Topographical Dictionary of Wales(Lewis & Co: London, 1840)
The reason for the use of these works of reference is that they present the jurisdictional and ecclesiastical position as it was before the major Victorian changes. The descriptions therefore approximate to those applying in the sixteenth century, after the major changes of 1535-42. Except for the physical locations, which have not changed, the reader should not therefore take these references as being accurate in the twenty-first century.
[Back to Top]
CloseA city having exclusive jurisdiction, locally in the hundred of Box and Stockbridge, rape of Chichester, county of Sussex. 62 miles south-west by south from London. Chichester is the seat of the diocese, and comprises the parishes of All Saints, St. Andrew, St. Martin, St. Olave, St. Pancras, St. Peter the Great, St. Peter the Less, St. Bartholomew without and the Cathedral Precinct. The livings, with the exception of All Saints, are all in the peculiar jurisdiction of the Dean and Chapter. The living of All Saints is a discharged rectory, as are St. Andrew, St. Martin, St. Olave, St. Peter the Less, St. Bartholomew and St. Pancras. St. Peter the Great is a discharged vicarage
[Back to Top]English information from Samuel Lewis, A Topographical Dictionary of England (S. Lewis & Co: London, 1831)
Scottish information from Samuel Lewis, A Topographical Dictionary of Scotland (S. Lewis & Co: London, 1846)
Welsh information taken from Samuel Lewis, A Topographical Dictionary of Wales(Lewis & Co: London, 1840)
The reason for the use of these works of reference is that they present the jurisdictional and ecclesiastical position as it was before the major Victorian changes. The descriptions therefore approximate to those applying in the sixteenth century, after the major changes of 1535-42. Except for the physical locations, which have not changed, the reader should not therefore take these references as being accurate in the twenty-first century.
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Close[Crouland]
South Holland, Lincolnshire
OS grid ref: TF 245 105
Close[Eusham]
Worcestershire
OS grid ref: SP 035 435
CloseSomerset
OS grid ref: ST 502 384
CloseA city and county of itself, locally in the hundred of Dudstone and Kings Barton, county of Gloucester. 34 miles north-north-east from Bristol. The city comprises the parishes of St. Aldate, St. John Baptist, St. Mary de Crypt, St. Mary de Grace, St. Nicholas, St. Owen and Holy Trinity; also parts of St. Catherine, St. Mary de Lode and St. Michael, all in the Archdeaconry and diocese of Gloucester, of which it is the seat. St. John Baptist, St. Mary de Crypt and St. Michael are discharged rectories; St. Mary de Lode and Holy Trinity are discharged vicarages; St. Aldate, St. Catherine, St. Mary de Grace and St. Nicholas are perpetual curacies
[Back to Top]English information from Samuel Lewis, A Topographical Dictionary of England (S. Lewis & Co: London, 1831)
Scottish information from Samuel Lewis, A Topographical Dictionary of Scotland (S. Lewis & Co: London, 1846)
Welsh information taken from Samuel Lewis, A Topographical Dictionary of Wales(Lewis & Co: London, 1840)
The reason for the use of these works of reference is that they present the jurisdictional and ecclesiastical position as it was before the major Victorian changes. The descriptions therefore approximate to those applying in the sixteenth century, after the major changes of 1535-42. Except for the physical locations, which have not changed, the reader should not therefore take these references as being accurate in the twenty-first century.
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Close[Midletone]
Dorset
OS grid ref: ST 805 015
Close[Michelenes]
Somerset
OS grid ref: ST 435 245
CloseA city and county of itself, locally in the hundred of Humbleyard, county of Norfolk, of which it is the capital. 108 miles north-east by north from London. The city comprises 33 parishes, and the liberty of the city a further four. Of these 37, three are rectories, 12 are discharged rectories, three are vicarages, one is a discharged vicarage, and 18 are perpetual curacies. St Andrew, St Helen, St James, St Paul and Lakenham are within the peculiar jurisdiction of the Dean and Chapter; the rest are in the Archdeaconry and Diocese of Norwich, of which the city is the seat.
[Back to Top]Further information:
Andrews church (now St Andrews Hall) is at the junction of St Andrews Street and Elm Hill.
English information from Samuel Lewis, A Topographical Dictionary of England (S. Lewis & Co: London, 1831)
Welsh information taken from Samuel Lewis, A Topographical Dictionary of Wales(Lewis & Co: London, 1840)
The reason for the use of these works of reference is that they present the jurisdictional and ecclesiastical position as it was before the major Victorian changes. The descriptions therefore approximate to those applying in the sixteenth century, after the major changes of 1535-42. Except for the physical locations, which have not changed, the reader should not therefore take these references as being accurate in the twenty-first century.
[Back to Top]
Close[Peterborowe]
Cambridgeshire
OS grid ref: TL 195 995
Cathedral city
CloseA borough in the county of Surrey; also Bridge Ward without of the City of London. Comprises the parishes of Christ Church, St George the Martyr, St John Horsleydown, St Olave, St Saviour and St Thomas; all within the jurisdiction of the Consistory Court of the Bishop of Winchester. The living of St. Saviour is a perpetual curacy; St Thomas is a donative; the other four are rectories.
[Back to Top]English information from Samuel Lewis, A Topographical Dictionary of England (S. Lewis & Co: London, 1831)
Welsh information taken from Samuel Lewis, A Topographical Dictionary of Wales(Lewis & Co: London, 1840)
The reason for the use of these works of reference is that they present the jurisdictional and ecclesiastical position as it was before the major Victorian changes. The descriptions therefore approximate to those applying in the sixteenth century, after the major changes of 1535-42. Except for the physical locations, which have not changed, the reader should not therefore take these references as being accurate in the twenty-first century.
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CloseA city and county of itself, having exclusive jurisdiction, locally in the county of Worcester, of which it is the capital. Seat of the Bishopric of Worcester. 111 miles north west by west from London. The City comprises the parishes of St Alban, All Saints, St Andrew, St Clement, St Helen, St Martin, St Nicholas, St Peter and St Swithin. All in the Archdeaconry and diocese of Worcester. St Alban is a discharged rectory in the patronage of the Bishop; All Saints is a discharged rectory in the patronage of the Crown; St Andrew is a discharged vicarage in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter; St Clement is a discharged rectory in the same patronage; St Helen is a discharged rectory in the patronage of the Bishop; St Nicholas is a discharged rectory in the patronage of the Bishop; St Martin is a rectory in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter; St Peter is a vicarage in the same patronage; and St Swithin is a discharged rectory in the same patronage.
[Back to Top]English information from Samuel Lewis, A Topographical Dictionary of England (S. Lewis & Co: London, 1831)
Welsh information taken from Samuel Lewis, A Topographical Dictionary of Wales(Lewis & Co: London, 1840)
The reason for the use of these works of reference is that they present the jurisdictional and ecclesiastical position as it was before the major Victorian changes. The descriptions therefore approximate to those applying in the sixteenth century, after the major changes of 1535-42. Except for the physical locations, which have not changed, the reader should not therefore take these references as being accurate in the twenty-first century.
[Back to Top]
CloseA city and county of itself, having exclusive jurisdiction; locally in the East Riding of the county of York, of which it is the capital. 198 miles north-north-west from London. The city is the seat of the Archbishop, and comprised originally 33 parishes, reduced by amalgamation to 22; of which 33, 17 were discharged rectories, 10 discharged vicarages, and 6 perpetual curacies; all within the diocese of York.
[Back to Top]English information from Samuel Lewis, A Topographical Dictionary of England (S. Lewis & Co: London, 1831)
Welsh information taken from Samuel Lewis, A Topographical Dictionary of Wales(Lewis & Co: London, 1840)
The reason for the use of these works of reference is that they present the jurisdictional and ecclesiastical position as it was before the major Victorian changes. The descriptions therefore approximate to those applying in the sixteenth century, after the major changes of 1535-42. Except for the physical locations, which have not changed, the reader should not therefore take these references as being accurate in the twenty-first century.
[Back to Top]Actes, the memorable examples, and worthy vertues not drowned by ease of honour in him, but encreased rather, & quickened by aduauncemēt of authority & place, to work more abundantly in the common wealth. MarginaliaThe actes and doinges of the L. Cromwell. described.Among þe which his woorthy actes and other manyfolde vertues, in thys one chiefely aboue all other riseth his commendation, for his singular zeale and laborious trauaile bestowed in restoring the true Church of Christ, and subuerting the Synagogue of Antichrist, the Abbeyes, I meane, and religious houses of Friers and Monkes. For so it pleased almighty God by the meanes of the said Lord Cromwell, to induce the King to suppresse first the Chauntries, then the Friers houses and small Monasteries, till at length all the Abbeys in England both great and lesse, were vtterly ouerthrowne and pluckt vp by the rootes. The which acte and enterprise of him, as it may geue a president of singular zeale to all Realmes christened, which no Prince yet to this day scarse dare folow: so to this Realme of Englande it wrought such benefit & commoditie, as the fruite thereof yet remayneth, and will remayne still in the Realme of Englande, though we seeme little to feele it. Rudely and simply I speake what I suppose, without preiudice of other which can inferre any better reason. In the meane time my reason is this: that if God had not raised vp thys Cromwell as he did, to be the instrument of rooting out of the Abbeyes and Celles of straunge religion, what other men see, I know not: MarginaliaThe L. Cromwel a profitable instrument in suppressing Abbayes.for my part I neuer yet saw in thys Realme any such Cromwell since Cromwels time, whose hart and courage might not sooner haue bene subuerted with the money and bribes of Abbots, then he to haue subuerted any Abbey in all England.
[Back to Top]MarginaliaThe defence of the L. Cromwell for ouerthrowing the Abbayes.But heere I must of necessitie answeare the complaynt of certayne of our countrey men. For so I heare of many, the subuersion of these Monasteries to be reprehended, as euill and wicked. The building (say they) mighte haue bene conuerted vnto schooles and houses of learning. The goodes and possessions might haue bene bestowed to much better and more godly vse of the poore, and mainteining of hospitalitie. Neyther do I denie, but that these thyngs are well and godly spoken of them, and could willingly embrace their opinion with my whole hart, if I did not consider heerein a more secret and deeper meaning of Gods holy prouidence, then at the first blush peraduenture to all men doth appeare.
[Back to Top]MarginaliaThe abhominable life in Monasteryes, bewrayed by their owne confessiō.And first to omit the wicked and execrable life of these religious orders, ful of al feditie, & found out by the Kings visitours, and in their Registers also recorded, so horrible to be heard, so incredible to be beleeued, so stinking before the face of God and man, that no maruayle it is if Gods vengeance from heauen prouoked, woulde not suffer anye stone or monument of these abhominable houses to be vnplucked vp. But (as I sayd) letting these things passe vnder chaste silence, whiche for very shame will abhorre any storie to disclose: let vs now come to the first institution of these orders and houses of Monkerie, and consider howe and to what end they were first instituted and erected here among the Saxons, at the first foundation of them, about the time 666.
[Back to Top]In the former parte of thys Hystorie, declaration was made before, page 133. 134.MarginaliaRead afore pag. 133. 134. first by whome, and at what time these Monkish houses heere in England among the Saxons (flowing no doubt out of the order of Saint Benet, and brought in by Augustine) began first to be founded
CloseSee 1570, pp. 177-8; 1576, pp. 134-5 and 1583, pp. 132-4.
The end and final cause why they were builded, appeareth in stories to be, MarginaliaThe ende and cause of building religious houses.pro remissione & redemptione peccatorum: pro remedio & liberatione animæ: pro amore cœlestis patriæ: in eleemosinam animæ: in remissionem criminum: pro salute Regnorum: pro salute & requie animarum patrum & matrum, fratrum, & sororum nostrarum parentum, & omnium benefactorum: in honorem gloriosæ Virginis, &c. As may appeare in auncient histories, in olde Charters and donations vnto religious houses, and in the Chronicle of Ingulphus, as also all other stories be full of the same.
[Back to Top]So King Ethelstane for killing his brother Edwyne, builded two Monasteries, Midleton, and Michelneye, for his soule
CloseSee 1570, p. 197; 1576, p. 150 and 1583, pp. 148-9.
CloseFoxe's list of the destruction of the abbeys in basically accurate, except where noted, but it is a little counter-intuitive. Foxe is listing some of the wealthiest abbeys in England, and even if they did sustain damage over the course of the centuries (in many cases, the result of the Danish invasions), they flourished.
[Back to Top]MarginaliaEx Chronic. Geruasii.First, the Monasterie of Caunterbury, called the house of S. Gregory
CloseThe reference is to St. Gregory's Priory in Canterbury. This was burned in 1145 and 1241, not 1174.
MarginaliaIngulphi.The Abbey of Croyland also was twise burnt. Ex hist. Ingulphi.
MarginaliaPeterborow.The Abbey of Peterborow twise set on fire, an. 1070. Ex Chron. Peterb.
MarginaliaWalteri.The Abbey of S. Maries in Yorke burnt, with the hospitall also.
MarginaliaWeekes.The Abbey of Norwich burnt.
MarginaliaHouedeni.The Abbey of S. Edmunds Bury burnt and destroyed. Ex Chron. S. Edmund.
MarginaliaGaulteri.The Abbey of Worcester burnt.
MarginaliaCouentr.The Abbey of Glocester was also burnt.
MarginaliaFabiani.The Abbey of Chichester burnt.
MarginaliaWilliel. Malmesb.The Abbey of Glastenbury burnt.
The Abbey of S. Mary in Southwarke burnt.
The Church of the Abbey at Beuerley burnt.
The steeple of the Abbey of Euesham burnt.
MarginaliaAbbeyes burnt and plagued with fire.These, with many other monasteries mo, God brought downe to the ground, so that few or none of all the Monasticall foundations in all England, either before the Conquest escaped the hands of the Danes and Scottes, or else after the Conquest escaped destruction of fire, and that not without iust cause deserued: for as the trade of their lyues was too too wretched and bestiall, MarginaliaThe doctrin of the monkes worse then their liues.so the profession of theyr doctrine was intollerable, fraught with all superstition, full of much Idolatrie, and vtterly contrary to the grace of the Gospell and doctrine of Christ.
[Back to Top]Furthermore, the more these Abbeyes multiplyed, and the longer they continued, in time the more corruption still they drew vnto them. And albeit we reade the name of Monkes to haue continued from the old auncient time, yet notwithstanding the Monkes of those dayes were not like to the Monkes of our time, nor their houses then, like to our Abbeyes nowe. So we reade of the Monkes of Bangor before the comming of Augustine: but those Monkes got their liuing with toyle and labour of theyr hands, and had no other lands nor lordships to liue vpō. Againe, neither were they as Ministers then, but as Laye men: according as Hierome describeth the Monkes of his time, sayeng: Marginalia16. q. 1. Mona chus.Monachus non docentis, sed plangentis habet officium. And againe he sayeth: Marginalia16. q. 2. Alia causa. Glosa.Alia causa est Monachi, alia Clerici. Clerici oues pascunt. Ego pascor. That is, A Monkes office is not to preache, but to mourne. The state of a Monke is one thing, and the state of a Priest is another. Priestes feede the flocke of Christ. I am fedde, &c.
[Back to Top]Also in the storie of Ingulphus Abbot of Croylande, thus I finde, an. 1075.MarginaliaEx Chron. Ingulphi Abbat. Croylandes. In Croylandiam primum installatus inueni tunc in isto Monasterio Croylandēsi Monachos numero, 62. Quorum quatuor laici fratres erant, MarginaliaLay men receued for Monkes into monasteries.præter aliorum Monasteriorum Monachos nostri capituli conprofessos, &c. That is, Being installed in the Abbey of Croyland, I found there to the number of lxij. Monkes. Of which Monkes, foure of them were laye breethren, besides the Monkes of other Monasteries, which were also professed to our Chapter, &c.
[Back to Top]The like matter also appeareth in the fourth Canon of the Councell of Chalcedon, where it is prouided MarginaliaMonks forbidden to intermedle in ecclesiasticall matters.Ne Monachi se Ecclesiasticis negotijs immisceant, &c. Et Leo Epist. 62. Vetat Monachos & laicos etsi scientiæ nomine glorientur, admitti ad officium docendi & concionandi. Whereof reade more
CloseSee 1570, p. 1202, 1576, p. 155 and 1583, p. 153.
Thus it appeareth about or before the time of Hierome, that Monkes in the firste persecutions of the Primitiue Church were lay men, and companies of Christians associating themselues together, eyther for feare of persecution, or for eschewing the company of heathen Gentiles. Afterward in continuance of time, when the Gentiles began to be called to Christianitie, the monkes yet keeping theyr name, & growing in superstition, woulde not ioyne with other Christians, but keepe still their brotherhoodes, MarginaliaMonkes diuers from other men in trade of life.diuiding themselues from other Christians, and professing a kinde of life straunge and diuers from the common trade. Vpō this diuersitie of life and profession, folowed also like MarginaliaMonkes diuers from other in apparell.diuersitie of garments and attire differing from their other breethren. After this moreouer came in the rule of S.
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