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Henry Cole

(1500? - 1580)

LL.D. (1556 - 1557) Archdeacon of Ely (1553). Provost of Eton (1554). Dean of St Paul's (1556). Vicar general to Cardinal Pole. Judge of the archiepiscopal court. Dean of the Arches (1557). (DNB)

Henry Cole was one of the catholic disputants in the Oxford disputations of 1554. During the debates, Cole had short acrimonious exchanges with Cranmer, Ridley and Latimer (1563, pp. 932, 938, 944-46, 951, 955, 969 and 972; 1570, pp. 1591, 1593, 1581[recte 1597]-99, 1602 and 1605-6; 1576, pp. 1358-59, 1362-64, 1367 and 1371; 1583, pp. 1428, 1430, 1433-35, 1438 and 1440-41).

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Later in the disputation, he interrupted the debate and called Latimer a liar (1563, p. 984; 1570, p. 1627; 1576, p 1388; and 1583, p. 1458).

Cole was secretly asked to prepare a funeral sermon for Cranmer. 1563, p. 1498, 1570, p. 2063, 1576, p. 1780, 1583, p. 1885.

Cole preached a sermon prior to the martyrdom of Cranmer. 1563, p. 1498, 1570, p. 2065, 1576, p. 1781, 1583, pp. 1885-86.

In an attempt to reinstate catholicism at the University of Cambridge, a commission under the direction of Cardinal Pole ordered the condemning and burning of the bones and books of Phagius and Martin Bucer. Members of the commission were Cuthbert Scott, Nicholas Ormanet, Thomas Watson, John Christopherson and Henry Cole. 1563, pp. 1537 [recte 1549]-1558 [recte 1570]

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Henry Cole was chosen by Pole to be a persecutor of the University of Cambridge. 1563, p. 1537, 1570, p. 2142, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1956.

Cole was sent to King's College, Cambridge, to examine certain scholars on 9 January 1557. 1563, p. 1538, 1570, p. 2143, 1576, p. 1863, 1583, p. 1956.

He was awarded a doctorate at Cambridge. 1570, p. 2150, 1576, p. 1858, 1583, p. 1963.

William Holcot was charged with treason by Cole and Geffre for supporting Cranmer. 1583, p. 2135.

Cole was one of those holding a commission from Cardinal Pole to disinter Peter Martyr's wife and burn her bones. 1563, p. 1558, 1570, p. 2152, 1576, p. 1859, 1583, p. 1968.

He was one of the recipients of the proclamation from Philip and Mary authorising the persecution of protestants. 1563, p. 1561, 1570, p. 2155, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1974[incorrectly numbered 1970].

Bonner sent Thomas Hinshaw before John Harpsfield and Henry Cole. 1563, p. 1690, 1570, p. 2242, 1576, p. 1937, 1583, p. 2043.

Elizabeth Young's eighth examination was before Bonner, the dean of St Paul's and Story. 1570, pp. 2273-74, 1576, pp. 1962-63, 1583, pp. 2069-70.

Her ninth examination took place before the dean. 1570, p. 2274, 1576, p. 1963, 1583, p. 2070.

Cole was committed to the Fleet after the death of Mary. 1563, p. 1707, 1570, p. 2301, 1576, p. 1992, 1583, p. 2101.

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John Fisher

(1459 - 1535)

Vice-chancellor of Cambridge University (1501 - 1504). Chancellor of Cambridge University (1504). Bishop of Rochester (1504 - 1535). (DNB)

Equivalences are drawn between the deaths of Northumberland and Thomas More, and of Fisher and Cranmer. 1563, p. 1499, 1570, p. 2064, 1576, p. 1781, 1583, p. 1885.

John Fisher was executed on Tower Hill for rejecting the royal supremacy. 1570, p. 2300, 1576, p. 1991. 1583, p. 2101.

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Richard Cluney

Bonner's summoner. Keeper of Lollards Tower.

Cluney witnessed the degradation of John Hooper and John Rogers on 4 February 1555. 1563, p. 1058; 1570, p. 1681; 1576, p. 1435; 1583, p. 1508. [NB: Described as a bell ringer in 1563, p. 1058, but this was changed to summoner in later editions.]

Bonner's writ for the excommunication of John Tooley was sent to Cluney. 1563, p. 1143; 1570, p. 1757; 1576, p. 1501; 1583, p. 1582.

Robert Johnson wrote a letter to Bonner about Whittle, confirming Cluney's and Harpsfield's reports. He mentioned that Sir Thomas More's submission was read to him twice to no good effect. 1563, p. 1456, 1570, p. 2018, 1576, p. 1738, 1583, pp. 1846-47.

John Harpsfield wrote a letter to Bonner about Whittle's subscription, in which he mentioned Cluney's report. 1563, pp. 1455-56, 1570, pp. 2017-18, 1576, p. 1738, 1583, pp. 1846-47.

Margery Mearing was talking with a friend when she saw Cluney, Bonner's summoner, making his way to her house. Cluney took her away to be examined. 1563, p. 1646, 1570, p. 2228, 1576, p. 1924, 1583, p. 2031.

Cluney took William Living to his own house, robbed him, and then took him to Bonner's coalhouse and put him in the stocks. Cluney eventually brought him meat and then took him to Darbyshire who presented him with a list of names. Cluney took Julian Living to Lollards Tower. 1563, p. 1673, 1570, p. 2265, 1576, p. 1956, 1583, p. 2063.

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John Fetty was taken by Richard Tanner and his fellow constables to Sir John Mordaunt who then sent him to Cluney, Bonner's summoner, who sent him to Lollards Tower and put him in the stocks. 1563, p. 1693, 1570, p. 2257, 1576, p. 1949, 1583, p. 2056.

The chaplains had Cluney take William Fetty to his father in Lollards Tower. 1563, p. 1693, 1570, p. 2256, 1576, p. 1948, 1583, p. 2055.

The child told his father what had happened, at which point Cluney seized the child and returned him to Bonner's house. 1563, p. 1693, 1570, p. 2256, 1576, p. 1948, 1583, p. 2055.

Thomas Green was transferred quickly from Lollards Tower to the coalhouse by Cluney and then put in the stocks. 1563, p. 1685, 1570, p. 2263, 1576, p. 1953, 1583, p. 2060.

After examination, Cluney removed Green to prison again, first to the coalhouse and then the salthouse. 1563, p. 1688, 1570, p. 2263, 1576, p. 1954, 1583, p. 2061.

Cluney delivered Green to Trinian, the porter of Christ's hospital, where he was thrown into the dungeon. 1563, p. 1688, 1570, p. 2263, 1576, p. 1954, 1583, p. 2061.

After Elizabeth Young's sixth examination, Darbyshire called on Cluney to take her away. Cluney took her to the stockhouse, where she was kept in irons, and then to Lollards Tower, where she was kept in stocks and irons. 1570, p. 2273, 1576, p. 1962, 1583, p. 2069.

Alexander Wimshurst was sent to Cluney's house in Paternoster Row, where he was to be carried forward to Lollard's Tower, but Cluney, his wife and maid had no time to lock up Wimshurst as they were extremely busy. When Wimshurst was left alone in Cluney's hall, a woman came to him and told him this was his chance to escape, which he took. 1570, p. 2276, 1576, p. 1965, 1583, p. 2072.

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Edward Benet asked Story to help him out of prison, which he did, only to deliver him to Cluney who put him in stocks in the coalhouse for a week. 1570, p. 2279, 1576, p. 1968 [incorrectly numbered 1632], 1583, p. 2075.

[Foxe occasionally refers to him as 'Richard Cloney'.]

MarginaliaAnno 1558.bottome of the scriptures that there is a Purgatory. Yea, they could finde it in the new testament, that a Priest shall take the Sacrament and go to the aultar and make an oblation and offer it vp euery day.

Eliz Sir, that could neuer be found in the Bible nor Testament, as farre as euer I could heare.

Chanc. Whome doest thou heare read either the Bible or Testament, but a sort of chismatikes, bawdie Byshops, and hedge Priests (which haue brought into the Churche MarginaliaThe holy Communion blasphemed.a stinkyng Communion, which was neuer heard of in any place in the world, but here in England) whiche haue deceyued the king and all the Nobilitie, and all the whole Realme.

Eliz. Sir, it is a vile name that ye geue them all.

Chanc. Where are all the hedge knaues become now, that they come not to their answer?MarginaliaSo many Martyrs haue beene slayne, and yet the Papistes bragge, as though none will come forth to aunswere them.

Eliz. Aunswer Sir? why, they haue aunswered both with the Scriptures and also with their bloud, and then where were you that ye came not fortb to answer in their times? I neuer knew none of you that were troubled, but twain and that was not for Gods worde, it was for their disobedience?

Chaunc. No I pray you? did ye not knowe that we were killed, hanged, burned, and headed.

Eliz. Sir, I neuer knew that any of you euer was eyther hanged, killed, burned or headed.

Chanc. No? did ye neuer heare that the MarginaliaFysher B. of Rochester.Byshop of Rochester lost hys head for the supremacie of the Bishoppes of Rome.

Eliz Then he died not for Gods word.

Chaunc. Well, thou wilt beleeue nothyng but that which is written in Gods worde.MarginaliaNothing to be receaued to saluation but onely that which is found or founded in Scripture. Where canst thou finde the Saboth written in the Scripture, by the name of the Saboth? For the right Saboth day I will prooue to be Saterday. Or where canst thou finde the Articles of þ^e Creede in the Scripture by the name of the Articles? Or where canst thou find in the Scripture that Christ went downe into hell.

Eliz. What place or part in the scripture can ye finde for to disprooue any of these things?

Chaunc. What priest hast thou lyen withall, that thou hast so much Scripture? Thou art some Priestes woman, I thinke, for thou wilt take vppon thee to reason and teach, the best Doctor in all the land, thou.

Eliz. I was neuer yet Prieests wyfe, nor yet Priests woman.

Chaunc. Haue I touched your conscience?

Eliz. No Sir, ye haue not touched my conscience, but beware ye hurt not your owne.

Chanc. Thou hast red a little in the Bible or Testament, & thou thinkest that thou art able to reason with a Doctor that hath gone to schoole thirtie yeares: and before God, I thinke if I had talked thus much with a Iewe, as I haue done with thee, he would haue turned ere this time. But I may say by you as Christ sayd by Ierusalem, saying: MarginaliaBut we read not that Christ did draw them into prisons and condemned them to be burnt that would not comeO Ierusalem, Ierusalem, how ofte woulde I haue gathered thee together: euen as a henne gathereth her chickens, but thou wouldst not. And so would we gather you together in one fayth, but ye will not: and therfore your owne bloude bee vpon your own heds, for I can do no more but teach you. Thou art one of the rankest heretikes that euer I heard, MarginaliaElizabeth Yoūg deemed an heretick because shee beleeueth all thinges written and agreeable to the Scripture and nothing els.for thou beleeuest nothyng but what is in the Scripture, and therfore thou art damned.

Eliz. I do beleeue all thinges written in the scripture, and all things agreeable with the scripture, geuen by the holy Gbost into the church of Christ, set forth and taught by the church of Christ, and shall I be damned because I beleue the truth, and will not beleeue an vntruth?

MarginaliaElizabeth Young had to the Stockhouse, and then to the Lollardes Tower.Then the Chancellor called the keper, saying: Clunie take her away, thou knowest what thou hast to doe with her. And so she departed and was brought agayne to the stockhouse, and there she lay certaine dayes and both her hands manacled in one iron: and afterward was remooued into the Lollards Tower, and there she remained w^t both her feete in the stockes and irons till the next tyme of examination.

MarginaliaThe 7. examination of Elizabeth Young.WHen she was brought before the sayd Chancellour and the Scribe, the Chancellor sayd vnto her: Woman, thou hast bene twise before me, but thou & I coulde not agree: and here be certaine articles that my Lorde the B. of London would that thou shouldst make answer vnto, which are these. First, how many Sacramentes thou doest allow.

Eliz. Sir, as many as Christes Church doth allowe, and

that is twaine.MarginaliaTwo Sacramentes.

Then sayd the Scribe. Thou wast taught 7. before K. Edwards dayes.

Chanc. Which two Sacraments bee those that thou doest allow?

Eliz. The sacrament of the body & bloud of Iesus Christ, and the sacrament of Baptisme.

Chaunc. Doest thou not beleeue that the Pope of Rome is the supreme head of the Church, immediately vnder God in earth?

Eliz. No sir, no man can be MarginaliaHead of the Church.the head of Christes Churche: for Christ himselfe is the head, and hys word is the gouernour of all that be of that Church, where so euer they bee scattred abroad.

Chanc. Doest thou not beleeue that the Byshop of Rome can forgeue thee all thy sinnes, hereticall, detestable, and damnable, that thou hast done from thine infancie vnto this day?

Eliz. Sir, MarginaliaByshop of Rome.the Bishop of Rome is a sinner as I am, and no man can forgeue me my sinnes, but hee onely that is without sinne, and that is Iesus Christ whiche dyed for my sinnes.

Chanc. Doest thou not know that the Pope sent ouer hys Iubilies, that all that euer would fast and pray, and go to the church, should haue their sinnes forgeuen them.

The Scribe. Sir, I thinke that she was not in the Realme then.

Chanc. Hast thou not desired God to defend thee MarginaliaFrom the Byshop of Rome and all his detestable enormities.from the tiranny of the Bishop of Rome, and all his detestable enormities?

Eliz Yes that I haue.

Chanc. And art thou not sory for it?

Eliz. No sir, not a whit.

Chanc. Hast thou not sayd, that the Masse was wicked, & the sacrament of the aultar most abhominable?

Eliz Yes that I haue.

Chanc. And art thou not sory for it?

Eliz. No sir, not a whit.

Chanc. Art thou content for to go to the Church and heare Masse?

Eliz. I will not goe to the church, either to Masse or Mattins, till I may heare it in a tong, that I can vnderstand: for I will be fed no longer in a strange language. And alwaies the Scribe did write euery of these articles, as they were demanded, and answered vnto.

Then the Scribe asked her from whence she came.

The Chauncellor sayd: this is she that brought ouer all these bookes of heresie and treason.

Then sayd the Scribe to her: Woman, where haddest thou all these bookes?

Eliz. I bought them in Amsterdam, and brought them ouer to sell, thinking to gayne thereby.

Then sayd the Scribe, what is the name of the booke?

Eliz I cannot tell.

The Scribe. Why, wouldst thou buy bookes and knowe not their names?

Then sayd Cluny the keeper: Sir, my L. Bishop did sende for her by name that she should come to Masse, but she would not.

Chanc. Yea, did my Lord send for her by name, and would she not go to masse?

MarginaliaElizabeth Young refuseth to go to Masse.Eliz No sir, I will neuer go to masse, till I do vnderstand it, by the leaue of God.

Chanc. Vnderstand it? why, who the deuill can make thee to vnderstand Latine, thou beyng so old?

Then the Scribe commaunded her to set to her hande to all these sayd things.

Elizabeth sayd: sir, then let me heare it read first.

Then sayd the Scribe, M. Chauncellor, shal she heare it read?

Chanc. Yea, let the heretike heare it read.

MarginaliaElizabeth Young setteth her hand to her examination.Then she heard it read, and so she set to her hand.

MarginaliaThe 8. examination of Elizabeth Young.WHen she was brought before the B. he asked the keper: is this the woman that hath the three children?

And the keeper sayd: yea my Lord.

Bish. Woman, here is a supplication put vnto my handes for thee. In lyke case there was another supplication put vp to me for thee afore this, in the which thou madest as though that I should keepe thy children.

Eliz. My L. I did not know of this supplication, nor yet of the other.

Then said the Bish. M. Deane, is this the womā that ye haue sued so earnestly for?MarginaliaThe Deane made sute for Elizabeth Yoūg.

The Deane. Yea, my Lord.