1583 Edition | Book 1 | Page 27 
Close(c. 1100 - 1181) [Kelly]
b.Siena; canon lawyer; cardinal-deacon 1150; cardinal-priest 1151; chancellor 1153; pope (1159 - 81)
The papacy was in schism for 18 years; Alexander moved to France.
Thomas Becket, having stood against the king's laws, went to the pope in France. 1570, p. 1295; 1576, p. 1108; 1583, p. 1134.
Close(1421 - 1481) [Catholic Encyclopedia]
Humanist author; prefect of the Vatican library. In 1468 he was imprisoned on suspicion of heresy and conspiring against the pope's life. He wrote Lives of the Popes under Sixtus IV.
Sabellico and Platina recorded that Constantine IV decreed that bishops of Rome were to be chosen by the clergy and people, not by the emperor. 1570, p. 5, 1576, p. 4, 1583, p. 4.
He is mentioned by Foxe as a source: 1563, p. 11, 1570, p. 75, 77, 95, 104, 119; 1576, p. 38, 51, 52, 67, 80, 85; 1583, pp. 38, 51, 52, 57, 67, 80, 85.
Close(d. 685) [Kelly]
Pope (26 June 684 - 8 May 685) Adopted Constantine IV's two sons.
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 5, 1576, p. 4, 1583, p. 4, 676.
Close(d. 422) [Kelly]
Pope (418 - 22) One of two claimants; recognised by the emperor Honorius; supported Augustine in combating Pelagianism
Boniface I is probably the Pope Boniface recorded as having been the son of a married priest. The father of Boniface I was a presbyter. 1570, p. 1319, 1576, p. 1129, 1583, p. 1154.
He wrote to Emperor Honorius requesting a settlement of the claims for the papacy. 1570, p. 8, 1576, p. 7, 1583, p. 7.
Boniface attempted to enforce appeals to Rome on the African bishops, but this was rejected at the Council of Carthage.1563, p. 9; 1570, p. 5, 1576, p. 4, 1583, p. 4.
Popes Zosimus, Boniface I and Celestine I claimed supremacy for the bishop of Rome based on the canons of the Nicene council. The sixth council of Carthage sent to Constantinople for the true record. 1570, p. 1318; 1576, p. 1128; 1583, p. 1153.
Close(742x747 - 814)
King of the Franks (768 - 814); king of the Lombards (774 - 814); emperor of the Romans (800 - 814)
Pope Stephen III called on Charlemagne for help against the Lombards; Charlemagne defeated King Desiderius and took over the rule of the Lombard kingdom. 1570, p. 174; 1576, p. 131; 1583, p. 130.
After the death of Charlemagne's brother Carloman, Carloman's wife and children went to Pope Adrian I for protection. He turned them over, with Desiderius, to Charlemagne, who kept them in captivity in France. 1570, p. 175; 1576, p. 132; 1583, p. 131.
Charlemagne confirmed the donations to the papacy of his father and added more. He received from Pope Adrian I the title of patrician of the Romans. 1570, p. 174, 1576, p. 132, 1583, p. 131.
Charlemagne granted to the clergy and people the right to elect bishops and to monks the right to elect their abbots. He was said to have received from Adrian I the right to choose and ordain the bishop of Rome. 1570, p. 5, 1576, p. 4, 1583, pp. 4-5
Charlemagne provided laws, rites and ordinances for the clergy and laity and called church synods. 1570, p. 9, 1576, pp. 7-8, 1583, pp. 7-8
Alcuin was sent to Charlemagne by Offa of Mercia in hopes of cementing peace between them. Charlemagne held Alcuin in high esteem and made him abbot of Tours. 1570, p. 173; 1576, p. 131; 1583, p. 129
Charlemagne sent a letter to King Offa, praising Pope Adrian I. 1570, p. 175; 1576, p. 132; 1583, p. 131
Pope Adrian favoured the mass of St Gregory over that of St Ambrose. He called a council that ordained that Gregory's mass should be used universally, and Charlemagne executed the decree. 1570, p. 174, 1576, p. 131, 1583, p. 130.
Charlemagne presided over the Council of Frankfurt, which rejected decrees of the Council of Nicea advocating the adoration of images. 1563, p. 4; 1570, p. 175; 1576, p. 132; 1583, p. 131
Charlemagne was crowned emperor of the Romans by Pope Leo III. 1570, p. 175, 1576, p. 132, 1583, p. 131.
Eadburh, daughter of Offa and wife of Beorhtric, poisoned her husband, along with some nobles. She fled into France, where both Charlemagne and his son offered to marry her. When she chose the son, she was sent to a nunnery. She had an affair with a monk and was expelled. 1570, p. 176, 1576, p. 133, 1583, p. 132.
[Back to Top]Charlemagne built many monasteries, was generous to churchmen and to the poor, a triumphant warrior and skilled in languages. 1570, p. 175; 1576, p. 132; 1583, p. 131
Close(1338 - 1380) [G. Holmes, Europe: Hierarchy and Revolt 1320-1450 (London, 1975) pp. 40-47]
King of France (1364 - 80); ruled from 1359 while his father was in captivity in England.
Charles V passed laws restricting papal power over the French church. 1570, p. 10; 1576, p. 8; 1583, p. 8.
Close(1368 - 1422) [G. Holmes, Europe: Hierarchy and Revolt 1320-1450 (London, 1975) pp. 240-8]
King of France (1380 - 1422); recognised Henry V of England as his heir in 1420
Charles VI passed laws restricting papal power over the French church. 1570, p. 10; 1576, p. 8; 1583, p. 8.
Close(1403 - 1461) [G. Holmes, Europe: Hierarchy and Revolt 1320-1450 (London, 1975) pp. 246-53]
King of France (1422 - 61) As dauphin, he set up a rival court at Bourges; crowned at Reims in 1429; entered Paris in 1436
He issued the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges in 1438, limiting the authority of the pope over the French clergy. 1570, p. 5, 1576, p. 4, 1583, p. 4.
Close(d. 687) [Kelly]
Pope (686 - 87)
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 5, 1576, p. 4, 1583, p. 4.
Close(c. 650 - 685) [R. S. Moore www.roman-emperors.org]
Reigned as co-emperor with his father Constans II 654; Constans died in 668. Co-emperor then with his two brothers; he removed his brothers and had their noses slit. Co-emperor with his son Justinian II
Successfully defended Constantinople from Arab attacks.
Sabellico and Platina recorded that Constantine IV decreed that bishops of Rome were to be chosen by the clergy and people, not by the emperor. 1570, p. 5, 1576, p. 4, 1583, p. 4.
Pope Agatho applied to the emperor at Constantinople to have his election approved before being consecrated. 1563, p. 620; 1570, p. 1209; 1576, p. 1035; 1583, p. 1062.
Closeof Bologna; C12 canon lawyer [P. Landau, NCMH, vol 4:1, p. 128]
Wrote Decretum, an attempt logically to reconcile contradictory canons, which became the standard text for canon law
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, pp. 63, 68, 95, 134, 143; 1576, pp. 38-39, 45, 67, 97, 106; 1583, pp. 4, 39, 45, 67, 96, 105.
Close(1133 - 1189) [ODNB]
King of England (1154 - 89)
Duke of Normandy (1149 - 89); duke of Aquitaine (1152 - 89); count of Anjou (1151 - 89)
After Becket's murder, Henry II was compelled to agree to allow appeals to Rome from England.1570, p. 5, 1576, p. 4, 1583, p. 4.
Henry was made to remove the secular canons from Waltham church and install regular canons.1570, p. 1350, 1576, p. 1152, 1583, p. 1181.
Close(1421 - 1471) [ODNB]
King of England (1422 - 61, 1470 - 71)
Heir to the French throne by the treaty of Troyes 1420
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 5, 1576, p. 4, 1583, p. 4.
Close(1389 - 1435[ODNB]
Duke of Bedford and earl of Kendal 1414 Soldier; constable of England 1403; regent of France (1422 - 35); chief councillor (1433 - 35) Third son of Henry IV; married (1) Anne of Burgundy, sister of Philip the Good.
He brought the king's letters patent to the French parlement in 1426. 1570, p. 5, 1576, p. 4, 1583, p.4
Close(778 - 840)
Emperor and king of the Franks (814 - 840); only surviving son of Charlemagne
Louis the Pious confirmed to Paschal I and his successors the rights and possessions of the see of Rome, including election of the bishop by the clergy and people of Rome 1570, pp. 5-6, 1576, pp. 4-5, 1583, p. 5.
He provided laws and ordinances for the clergy and laity 1563, p. 3; 1570, p. 9; 1576, p. 8; 1583, p. 8.
Close(1436 - 1506) [Eric Cochrane, Historians and Historiography in the Italian Renaissance (Chicago, 1981) pp. 83-6]
Venetian scholar and historian; curator of San Marco library 1487 Wrote a history of Venice 1485; wrote a history of the world 1504: Rapsodie historiarum enneadum
Sabellico and Platina recorded that Constantine IV decreed that bishops of Rome were to be chosen by the clergy and people, not by the emperor. 1570, p. 5, 1576, p. 4, 1583, p. 4.
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 62, 86, 105, 112, 133; 1576, p. 38, 60, 75, 80, 97; 1583, p. 38, 59, 74, 80, 96.
Close(1368 - 1431) [Kelly]
b.Genazzano; studied law at Perugia; protonotary; cardinal-deacon of San Giorgio in Velabro 1402. Pope (1417 - 31); his election ended the schism.
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 5, 1576, p. 4, 1583, p. 4.
Close(1268 - 1314) [W. C. Jordan, NCMH,vol 5; pp. 302-13]
King of France (1285 - 1314)
Taxed French clergy highly; had Pope Boniface VIII arrested; moved papacy to Avignon; disbanded the Knights Templar in France
Philippe IV restricted papal exactions on the French church. 1570, p. 10; 1576, p. 8; 1583, p. 8.
Close(1120? - 1170) [ODNB]
Chancellor (1154 - 62); archdeacon of Canterbury (1154 - 62); archbishop of Canterbury (1162 - 70); murdered
Becket appealed to Pope Alexander III when Roger, archbishop of York, crowned Henry II's son Henry. 1563, p. 16.
After Becket's murder, King Henry II was compelled to agree to allow appeals to Rome from England.1570, p. 5, 1576, p. 4, 1583, p. 4.
One of the injunctions issued by Henry VIII declared that Becket was not to be considered a saint and martyr, but a rebel and traitor. Becket was said to have attacked William de Tracy. Another gentleman came to his rescue and in the process killed Becket. 1563, pp. 572-73; 1570, p. 1295; 1576, p. 1108; 1583, p. 1134.
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Close(d. 198) [Kelly]
Pope (189 - 198) First Latin pope; changed the language of the mass in Rome from Greek to Latin
Victor excommunicated the eastern churches for failing to comply with the Roman observation of Easter, but was persuaded to reinstate them by Irenæus, the bishop of Lyons.1570, pp. 5, 81-82; 1576, pp. 4, 55-56; 1583, pp. 4, 55-53.
the Popes coffers of late yeares x. Myriades, or Milliōs, euery Myriade mountyng to x. thousand crownes.MarginaliaSumma totalis.Now what hath risen besides in other Realmes and Natiōs, let other men coniecture.
Wherfore if the Gospell send vs to the fruites to know the tree, I pray you what is to be thought of the Churche of Rome, with these fruites of lyfe? Or if we will seeke the Church in length and number of yeares, where was this Church of Rome with these qualities then, at what tyme the Church of Rome was a persecuted Church, not a persecutyng Church? And when the Byshops therof did not make Martyrs, as these do now, but were made Martyrs them selues, to the number of xxv. in order one after an other? Or when the Byshops therof were elected & exalted, not by factiōs conspiring, not by power or partes taking, not by money or frendes makyng, as they be now, but by the free voyces of the people & of the Clergy, with the consent of the Emperour ioyned with all, and not by a few cōspired Cardinals, closed vp in a corner, as they be now &c.
[Back to Top]ANd yet if there were no other difference in the matter, but onely corruptiō of life, all that we would tollerate, or els impute to the common fragilitie of man, and charge them no further therein, then we might charge our selues. Now ouer and beside this deformitie of life, wherein they are cleane gone frō the former steppes of the true Church of Rome, we haue moreouer to charge them in greater pointes, more nearely touchyng the substauntiall ground of the Church, as in their iurisdictionMarginaliaThe iurisdiction and power of this new church of Rome examined.presumptuously vsurped, in their title falsely grounded, and their doctrine heretically corrupted. In all which three pointes,MarginaliaThis newe Church of Rome in three poyntes challenged.this latter pretenced Churche of Rome, hath vtter sequestred it selfe from the Image and nature of the auncient and true Church of Rome, and haue erected to themselues, a new Church of their owne makyng, as first vsurping a iurisdiction neuer knowen before to their auncient predecessors. For although the Churche of Rome in the old primitiue tyme had his due authoritie and place due vnto that sea, among other Patriarchall Churches, ouer and vpon such Churches as were within his precinct, & bordering neare vnto it, as appeareth by the Actes of Nicene Coūcell:MarginaliaNicen. Con. Cap. 6.yet the vniuersall fulnesse and plenitude of power in both the regimentes, spirituall & temporall, in deposing & dispensing matters of the Church, not to him belōging, in taking Appeales, in geuyng elections, inuestyng in benefices, in exēpting him selfe from obedience & subiection of his ordinary power & Magistrate, with his coactiue power newly erected in the church of Rome, was neuer receaued nor vsed in the old Romane church, frō which they disagree in all their doings. For although Victor thē bishop of Rome. an. 200. went about to excōmunicate the East Churches,MarginaliaVictor stopped from his excommunication by Ireneus.for the obseruation of Easter day: yet neither did he proceede therein , neither was permitted by Irenæus so to doe. And although Boniface the first likewise,MarginaliaBoniface the first falsefieth the Councell of Nice.writyng to the Byshops of Carthage, required of thē to send vp their appellatiōs vnto the Church of Rome, alledgyng moreouer the decree of Nicene Coūcell for his authoritie: The Byshops & Clergy of Carthage assemblyng together in a generall Coūcell (called the vj. Councell of Carthage)MarginaliaThe 6. Councell of Carthage. to the nūber of. 217. Byshops, after they had perused the decrees in the autentike copies of the foresayd Nicene Councell, & foūd no such matter, by the sayd Bonifacius alledged, made therefore a publike decree, that none out of that countrey should make any appeale ouer the sea. &c. And what maruell if appeales were borbiddē them to be made to Rome, whēas both here in Englād the kyngs of this land would not permit any to Appeale frō them to Rome,MarginaliaAppellations to Rome forbidden in England.before king Henry the ij. because of the murther of Thomas Becket, beyng thereunto compelled by Pope Alexander the iij. And also in Fraunce þe like prohibitions were expressely made by Ludouicus Pius, an. 1268. which did forbid by a publicke instrument, called Pragmatica sanctio, all exactions of the Popes court within his Realme.MarginaliaAppellations to Rome forbiddē in Fraunce.Also by kyng Philip named Le bel, an. 1296. the like was done, which not only restrayned all sēdyng or goyng vp of his subiectes to Rome, but also that no money, armour, nor subsidy, should be transported out of his Realme.MarginaliaEx Annonio de gestis Frācorum Lib. 5. Cap. 33.The like also after him did king Charles the v. surnamed the Wise, and his sonne likewise after him Charles the vj. who also punished as traytours, certaine seditious persons for appealyng to Rome. The like resistaūce moreouer was in the sayd countrey of Fraūce,MarginaliaThe Popes iurisdiction resisted in Fraunce.against the Popes reseruatiōs, preuētiōs, & other like practises of his vsurped iurisdictiō in þe dayes of pope Martin the v. an. 1418. Item, when kyng Henry the vj. in England, and kyng Charles the 7. in Fraūce, did both accord with the Pope, in inuesting & in collatiō of benefices, yet notwithstandyng the highe Court of Parliament in|Fraunce did not admit the same, but still maintayned the old libertie & customes of the French Church. In so much that the Duke of Bethfort came with the kynges letters patēt to haue the Popes procurations & reseruations admitted, yet the court of Parliamēt would not agree to the same, but the kyngs Procurator generall was fayne to go betwixt them, as is to be sene in their Registers. an. 1425. the fift day of Marche. In the dayes of the which kyng Charles the vij. was set forth in Fraunce, Pragmatica sanctio,MarginaliaPragmatica sanctio.as they call it, agaynst the Annates, reseruations, expectatiues, and such other proceedyngs of the Popes pretenced iurisdictiō. an. 1438. Wherfore what maruell if this iurisdiction of the Popes Court in excommunicatyng, in takyng Appeales, and geuyng of benefices, was not vsed in the old Church of Rome, when as in these latter dayes it hath bene so much resisted?
[Back to Top]And what should I speake of the forme and maner of elections, now vsed in the Church of Rome,MarginaliaThe Popes iurisdiction concerning elections examinedcleane cōuerted from the maner of the old Church of their predecessors? For first in those auncient dayes, when as yet the Church remayned in the Apostles onely, & a few other Disciples, the Apostles then with prayer and imposition of handes, elected Byshops & Ministers, as by the Apostles Iames was made Bishop of Hierusalem. Paule in Creta elected Titus, and Timothe in Ephesus. Also Peter ordayned Linus and Clement in Rome. &c. After which tyme of the Apostles, when the Church began more to multiply, the election of Byshops and Ministers stode by the Clergie & the people, with the consent of the chief Magistrate of the place, and so continued during all the tyme of the Primitiue Church, till the tyme, and after the time of Constantine the 4. Emperour, which Emperour (as writeth Platina and Sabellic. Enead. 8. lib. 6.)MarginaliaPlatina. Sabel. Enead. 8. lib. 6.published a law concernyng the election of the Romane Byshop, that he should be takē for true Byshop, whom the Clergy and people of Rome did chuse & elect, without any tarying for any authoritie of the Emperour of Constātinople, or the Deputie of Italy: so as the custome and fashion had euer bene before that day, an. 685. And here the Byshops began first to writhe out their elections and their neckes a litle from the Emperours subiection, if it be so as the sayd Platina and Sabellicus after him reporteth. But many coniectures there be, not vnprobable, rather to thinke this constitutiō of Constantine to be forged and vntrue.MarginaliaConstātine the 4. Emperour of Constantinople.First, for that it is taken out of the Popes Bibliothecarie, a suspected place and collected by the keeper and maister of the Popes Librarie, a suspected author,MarginaliaThe Popes bibliothecarie suspected.who whatsoeuer fayned writynges or Apocripha he could finde in the Popes chestes of Recordes, makyng any thyng on his maisters side: that he compiled together, and therof both Platina, Sabellicus, & Gratianus take most part of their reportes; & therefore may the more be suspected. &c.
[Back to Top]Secondly, where Platina and Sabellicus say that Constantine moued with the holynes of Pope Benedict the first made that cōstitutiō,MarginaliaThe constitution of Constantine the 4. Emperour of Constannūtinople examined.how seemeth that to stād with truth, when both the Emperour was so farre of from him being at Constantinople, & also for that the sayd Pope raigned but x. monethes? which was but a small tyme to make his holines knowen to the Emperour so farre of. And giue he were so holy, yet that holynes might rather be an occasiō for the Emperour so to confirme and maintaine the olde receaued maner of his institution, then to alter it.
[Back to Top]The third coniecture is this, for that the sayd constitution was not obserued, but shortly after by the sayd Benedict was broken in the election of Pope Conon. And yet notwithstanding albeit the constitution were true, yet the election there by was not takē away from the people, and limited to the Clergy onely, and much lesse might be taken away frō the Clergie, and be limited onely to the Cardinals, without the consent of their Prince and ruler, accordyng to their owne Rubrice in their Decrees, where the Rubrice sayth: De ordinatione Episcopi: Nullus inuitis detur Episcopus, cleri, plebis, & ordinis consensus & desiderium requiratur, &c.
CloseDe ordinatione Episcopi: Nullus inuitis detur Episcopus, cleri, plebis, & ordinis consensus & desiderium requiratur, &c.
Let no Byshop be geuen to any people agaynst their wils: but let the consent & desire both of the Clergy and of the people, and of the order, be also required. &c.
Actual text of Gratian Distinctio LXI Cap. XIII [PL Vol. 187 Col. 0322C]
Nullus invitis detur episcopus. Cleri, plebis et ordinis consensus et desiderium requiratur.
Nullus is now given correctly for the Nullis of 1563.