1583 Edition | Book 1 | Page 31 
Close(fl. 759 - 765) [ODNB sub Oswulf]
King of Northumbria (759 - 65)
Some accounts say that Aethelwold was removed by his successor, Alhred. 1570, pp. 150, 175; 1576, pp. 112, 132; 1583, pp. 111, 131.
Close(848/9 - 899) [ODNB]
King of the West Saxons and of the Anglo-Saxons (871 - 99)
Youngest son of Aethelwulf of Wessex. Military, legal and educational reformer.
Arthur founded a monastery at Athelney and a convent at Shaftesbury. 1570, p. 177; 1576, p. 134; 1583, p. 133.
Close(c. 298 - 373) [Catholic Encyclopeda; Gams]
Patriarch of Alexandria (326 - 73); doctor of the church; opponent of Arianism
Athanasius praised Origen and used his testimonies against the Arians. 1570, p. 87; 1576, p. 60; 1583, p. 60.
Athanasius wrote that he knew monks and bishops who were married. 1570, p. 1350; 1576, p. 1152; 1583, p. 1181.
Close(354 - 430) [Catholic Encyclopedia]
Bishop of Hippo (396 - 430); theologian, doctor of the church
Augustine was called 'papas' or 'father' by the African bishops. 1570, p. 11; 1576, p. 8; 1583, p. 8.
He was present at the Synod of Milevum in 416. 1570, p. 14; 1576, p. 1035; 1583, p. 1062.
He attended the Council of Carthage in 419. 1570, p. 1209; 1576, p. 11; 1583, p. 11.
Augustine praised Cyprian of Carthage. 1570, p. 99; 1576, p. 69; 1583, p. 69.
In their examination for heresy, Thomas Arthur and Thomas Bilney said that Augustine criticised the large number of laws in the church in his time. 1563, p. 464; 1570, p. 1137; 1576, p. 974; 1583, p. 1000.
CloseBishop of Carthage (381/82 - 426) [Gams]
While presiding over the Council of Carthage in 418, Aurelius was called 'papa' by the bishops. 1570, p. 11; 1576, p. 8; 1583, p. 8.
Close(d. c. 406/07) [Catholic Encyclopedia; Gams]
Theologian; bishop of Aquileia (c. 388 - 407); correspondent of St Ambrose, St Jerome, Rufinus
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, pp. 11, 42; 1576, pp. 8, 34; 1583, pp. 8, 34.
Close(d. 1035) [ODNB]
King of England (1017 - 35), king of Denmark and Norway; invaded England in 1015
Son of Swein Forkbeard, king of England and Denmark.
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 10, 1576, p. 8, 1583, p. 8.
Close(d. 839) [ODNB]
King of Wessex (802 - 39); extended his territory to include Kent, Surrey, Essex and Sussex
Ecgberht was initially expelled by Beorhtric. When he gained the throne, he was mocked for cowardice by Beornwulf of Mercia. 1570, p. 149, 1576, p. 111, 1583, p. 110.
Ecgberht defeated Beornwulf of Mercia and deposed him. The kingdom of Mercia ceased and was taken over by the West Saxons. 1570, p. 176, 1576, p. 133, 1583, p. 132.
After years of expulsion and murder of kings in Northumbria, no one was prepared to rule there, and it remained in anarchy. It eventually came into the hands of Ecgbehrt of Wessex. 1570, p. 176, 1576, p. 133, 1583, p. 132.
Ecgberht took over Kent and gave it to his son. 1570, p. 149, 1576, p. 111, 1583, p. 110.
Ecgberht conquered the kingdom of the East Saxons. 1570, p. 151, 1576, p. 113, 1583, p. 112.
Close(943/4 - 975) [ODNB]
King of England (959 - 75); crowned in 973 at Bath
Younger son of Edmund I and Aelgifu; king of the Mercians in 957; welcomed Dunstan when he had been expelled by Eadwig.
Edgar rebuilt the abbey of Chertsey founded by Bishop Earconwald and the abbey at Glastonbury. 1570, p. 177, 1576, p. 134, 1583, p. 133.
Pope John XIII wrote to King Edgar, telling him to appoint only monks as bishops and to replace the secular prebendaries at Winchester with monks. 1570, p. 1350; 1576, p. 1152; 1583, p. 1181.
Under Edgar, emphasis on the monastic profession of a celibate life and opposition to clerical marriage increased. 1570, p. 1339, 1576, p. 1142, 1583, p. 1171.
Close(1003x5 - 1066) [ODNB]
King of England (1042 - 66); exiled to Normandy in his youth for 25 years to escape the Danish invasion; returned to displace Harold Harefoot.
Edward rebuilt the church of St Peter at Westminster originally built by King Æthelberht I of Kent. 1570, p. 161, 1576, p. 121, 1583, p. 161.
Close(d. 525) [Catholic Encyclopedia]
Patriarch of Constantinople (520 - 35)
Pope Hormisdas wrote to Epiphanius, saying that princes have to deal with spiritual as well as temporal causes. 1570, p. 10; 1576, p. 8; 1583, p. 8.
Epiphanius was married. 1570, p. 1319, 1576, p. 1128, 1583, p. 1154.
Close(c. 368 - 419/420) [Catholic Encyclopedia]
Took a vow of perpetual virginity c. 384. With her mother, St Paula, she set up nunneries; a friend of St Jerome
She was sent a letter by Jerome 1570, p. 11; 1576, p. 8; 1583, p. 8.
Close(d. 399/400) [Catholic Encyclopedia]
Roman matron; divorced, remarried, widowed. Influenced by St Jerome; ascetic
She was sent a letter by Jerome 1570, p. 11; 1576, p. 8; 1583, p. 8.
Close(1068/9 - 1135) [ODNB]
King of England (1100 - 35); fourth son of William the Conqueror; succeeded his brother William Rufus.
Anselm was archbishop of Canterbury during the reigns of William Rufus and Henry I. 1570, p. 1317; 1576, p. 1126; 1583, p. 1152.
King Henry allowed priests to keep their wives for a fee. 1570, pp. 1332, 1334; 1576, pp. 1136, 1138; 1583, pp. 1164, 1167.
Close(d. 523) [Kelly]
Pope (514 - 23); father of Pope Silverius. Worked to end the Acacian schism; Constantinople was reunited with Rome in 519
Hormisdas wrote to Epiphanius, the patriarch of Constantinople, saying that princes have to deal with spiritual as well as temporal causes. 1570, p. 10; 1576, p. 8; 1583, p. 8.
Close(c. 340/2 - 420) [Catholic Encyclopedia]
Scholar; translator of the bible from Greek and Hebrew into Latin; studied at Rome and Trier. Lived as an ascetic (374 -79); lived in Constantinople (380 - 81), Rome (382 - 85) and Bethlehem (386)
Jerome was called 'papas' or 'father' by Boniface I and others. 1570, p. 11; 1576, p. 8; 1583, p. 8.
Close(1167 - 1216) [ODNB]
King of England, lord of Ireland, duke of Normandy and of Aquitaine, count of Anjou (1199 - 1216)
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 10, 1154; 1576, p. 8, 988; 1583, p. 8, 1015.
Close(825 - 875)
Son of Lothar I; king of Italy 839, crowned 844; joint Holy Roman Emperor 850.
Sole Holy Roman Emperor (855 - 75)
He exonerated Pope Leo IV of the charge of treason. 1570, p. 10, 1576, p. 8, 1583, p. 8.
Close(d. 796) [ODNB]
King of the Mercians (757 - 96); dominant ruler in England by the end of the reign; built military earthwork, Offa's Dyke, against the Welsh; had Æthelberht, king of the East Anglians, beheaded in 794
Offa, kinsman of King Æthelbald, ousted Beornred and became king of the Mercians. 1570, p. 171, 1576, p. 129, 1583, p. 128.
Offa won victories over Eadberht of Northumbria and Æthelred of the East Angles. He established an archbishopric in Lichfield, with the agreement of Pope Adrian. He chased the Britons into Wales and built a defensive dyke. 1570, p. 173; 1576, p. 130; 1583, p. 129.
Alcuin was sent to Charlemagne by Offa of Mercia in hopes of cementing peace between them. Charlemagne held Alcuin in high esteem and made him abbot of Tours. 1570, p. 173; 1576, p. 131; 1583, p. 129
Charlemagne sent a letter to King Offa, praising Pope Adrian I. 1570, p. 175; 1576, p. 132; 1583, p. 131
Upon his return from France to England, Alcuin complained about the state of the country into which he had arrived in letters to Offa of Mercia, Æthelred of Northumbria and Æthelheard, archbishop of Canterbury. 1570, p. 176; 1576, p. 133; 1583, p. 132.
Offa of Mercia gave one of his daughters to Beorhtric of Wessex in marriage. 1570, p. 173; 1576, p. 131; 1583, p. 129.
Æthelberht, king of the East Angles, came to Offa's court to marry his daughter. Offa had him murdered due to the counsel of his wife. 1570, pp. 151, 154; 1576, pp. 113, 115; 1583, pp. 112, 114.
Cynethryth, Offa's queen, suspected that Æthelberht was coming to Offa's court, under pretence of marrying their daughter, to murder him and the Mercians. 1570, p. 173; 1576, p. 131; 1583, p. 129.
Offa had Æthelberht brought in on his own and then had him beheaded. 1570, p. 173; 1576, p. 131; 1583, p. 129.
In repentance for Æthelberht's murder, Offa brought in the Peter's Pence. He gave lands to the church, built monasteries and the abbey of St Alban's in penance. 1570, pp. 150, 173; 1576, pp. 112, 131; 1583, pp. 111, 129.
Close(345 - 411) [Alan D. Booth, 'The Chronology of Jerome's Early Years', Phoenix, Vol. 35, No. 3 (Autumn, 1981) pp. 237-259]
Presbyter of Aquileia, Italy; author and translator from Greek to Latin; contended with St Jerome
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 11, 62; 1576, p. 8, 38; 1583, p. 8, 38.
Close(c. 346 - 395) [D. Woods www.roman-emperors.org]
b.Spain; Roman general; emperor in the east 379; named his son Arcadius co-emperor in 383; his sons ruled east and west
Theodosius decreed that no one should be buried within a church. 1570, p. 9, 1576, p. 8, 1583, p. 8.
Close(321 - 375) [W. E. Roberts www.roman-emperors.org]
Officer of the Praetorian guard; Roman emperor (364 - 75), named brother Valens emperor in the east
Valentinian decreed that no one should be buried within a church. 1570, p. 9, 1576, p. 8, 1583, p. 8.
Close(1028 - 1087) [ODNB]
King of England (1066 - 87)
Duke of Normandy (1035 - 87); bastard son of Robert
William sent to Pope Alexander II for support for his invasion of England, and was sent his blessing and a consecrated banner 1563, p. 14.
Close(c. 1060 - 1100) [ODNB]
King of England (1087 - 1100); third son and successor of William the Conqueror as king
Anselm was archbishop of Canterbury during the reigns of William Rufus and Henry I. 1570, p. 1317, 1576, p. 1126, 1583, p. 1152.
Nunne, before she came to sufficient discretion of yeres to discerne & chuse what they will follow. That none should be interred or buried thēceforth within the Church, which also was decreed by Theodosius & Valentianus. 40. yeares before them.MarginaliaLib. 2. C de sacro eccle.Item the sayd Carolus. 22. yeares before this Emperour, enacted that murderers & such as were giltie of death by the law, should haue no sanctuary by flying into the Church. &c. which also was decreed by Iustiniā. 300. yeares before this Carolus. Ex Nouel. Iustinia.MarginaliaIustin. in Nouel.
[Back to Top]Moreouer the foresayd Ludouicus Pius, with his sonne Clothari9 (or as some call him, Lotharius)MarginaliaLudouicus and Clotharius.ioyned with him, among other Ecclesiasticall Sanctions, ordained a godly law, for laymen to cōmunicate the Sacrament of the body & bloud of the Lord in these wordes: Vt si nō frequētius, vel ter, laici homines communicent: nisi fortè grauioribus quibusdam criminibus impediātur.
CloseVt si nō frequētius, vel ter, laici homines communicent: nisi fortè grauioribus quibusdam criminibus impediātur.
That laymen do communicate at least thrise, if not ouer, except they be let percase by some more haynous greuous offences.
Actual text from Carolus Magnus, Capituli.
P.L. Vol. 97. Col. 0489
CAROLI MAGNI LUDOVICI ET LOTHARII IMPERATORUM CAPITULARIA AB ANSEGISO ABBATE FONTANELLENSI COLLECTA.
Ut si non frequentius, vel ter laici homines in anno communicent, nisi forte [Col.0550A] quis maioribus quibuslibet criminibus impediatur.
As in 1570, except for ouer for ofter in line 1, and more haynous greuous for most haynous and greuous in line 2.
CloseIta & nunc suum robur propriúmq; vigorem obtineat
so now it may continue still in his vigour and strength.
nunc suum robur propriumque vigorem obtineat.
Accurate citation and translation.
Moreouer descendyng yet to lower tymes. an. 1228. Ludouicus 9. called holy Ludouike,MarginaliaLudouicus. 9.made a law agaynst the pestiferous simonie in the Church, also for þe maintenaūce of the libertie of the Church of Fraūce, established a law or decree, agaynst the new inuētions, reseruations, preuētions, & exactions of þe court of Rome, called Pragmatica sanctio, S. Ludouici,MarginaliaPragmatica sanctio, S. Ludouici.the which Sāction was also practised lōg after in the kyngdome of Fraūce agaynst the popes collectors & vndercollectors, as appeareth by the Arestum of the coūsaile of Paris. an. 1463. ex Molinæo in Cōmētarijs.MarginaliaArestum Senatus Parisien. ex Molinæo.Furthermore king Philip le Bel.MarginaliaPhilippus Pulcher.1303. set forth a law, called Philippina, wherein was forbid any exactiō of new tithes and first fruites, & other vncustomed collections, to be put vpon the Church of Fraūce. Carolus the v. named Sapiens.MarginaliaCarolus Sapiens.an. 1369. by a law cōmaūded, that no Byshops nor Prelates, or their Officials within his kyngdome of Fraūce should execute any censure of suspense, or excommunicatiō, at the Popes cōmaundemēt, ouer or vpō the Cities, or townes, corporations, or cōmons of his Realme, ex regist. antiquarū const. chart. 62. Itē Carolus vi.MarginaliaCarolus 6.an. 1388. agaynst þe Cardinals & other Officials, & collectors of the Pope, reuoking againe the power which he had geuē to thē before, prouided by a law, that the fruites & rentes of benefices, with other pensions, & Byshops goodes that departed, should no more be exported by the Cardinals & the Popes collectours vnto Rome, but should be brought to the king, and so restored to them to whō they rightly did appertaine.
[Back to Top]The like also may be inferred & proued by the stories & exāples of our kyngs here in Englād, as kyng Offa, kyng Egbertus, Edgarus, Aluredus, Athelwoldus, Canutus, Edwardus. William Conquerour, Wilhel. Rufus, Henricus the first, Henricus the second, till the tyme of kyng Iohn and after. Whose dealyng as well in Ecclesiasticall cases, as in tēporall, is a sufficient demonstration to proue what iniury the Popes, in these latter dayes, haue done vnto the Emperours their lawfull gouernours & Magistrates: in vsurpyng such fulnes of power & iurisdictiō ouer them, to whō properly they owe subiection, cōtrary to the steps & example of the old Romaine Byshops their aunciters, & therfore haue incurred the daūger of a Premunire, worthy to be depriued. Although it is not to be denyed, but that Ecclesasticall ministers and seruitures haue their power also committed vnto thē, after their sort, of the Lord: yet it becommeth euery man to know his owne place & standyng, & there to keepe him, wherein his owne precinct doth pale him & not rashly to breake out into other mēs walkes. As it is not lawfull for a ciuile Magistrate to intermedle with a Byshops or a Preachers function: so vnseemely & vnorderly it is agayne that Boniface the viij. should haue borne before him the tēporall mase, & the naked sword of the Emperour, or that any Pope should beare a triple crowne, or take vpon him like a Lord and Kyng. Wherfore let euery man consider the compasse & limitation of his charge, & exceede no farther. The office of a Bishop or seruiture Eccle-siasticall,MarginaliaThe office of the Ecclesiasticall minister.was in the old law to offer sacrifice, to burne incense, to pray for the people, to expounde the law, to minister in the tabernacle, wt which office it was not lawvull for any Prince or mā els to intermedle, as we read how Ozias was punished for offering incense, & an other for touchyng the Arke: so now the office of Christian Ministers is to preach the word, to minister Sacramēts, to pray, to binde and loose, where cause vrgently requireth, to iudge in spirituall cases, to publishe & denounce free reconciliation, & remissiō in the name of Christ, to erect & comfort troubled consciences with the rich grace of the Gospell, to teach the people the true differēce betwixt the law and the Gospell, whereof the one belongeth to such as be not in Christ, and come not to him: the other pertaineth to the true beleuers in the sonne of God, to admonish also the Magistrates erryng or transgressing in their office. &c.
[Back to Top]And as these properly belong to the functiō of the Ecclesiasticall sort: so hath þe ciuile gouernour or Magistrate agayne his proper charge & office to him assigned,MarginaliaThe office of ciuile rulers & magistrates.whiche is, to see the administratiō of iustice & iudgement, to defend with power the right of the weake that suffer wrōg, to defend from oppression the poore oppressed, to minister with equalitie, that which is right aud equall to euery man: to prouide lawes good & godly, to see the execution of þe same as cause moueth: especially to see the law of God mainteined, to promote Christes glory & gospell, in settyng vp & sendyng out good Preachers, in mainteinyng the same, in prouidyng Byshops to be elected that be faythfull, in remouyng or els correctyng the same beyng faulty or negligēt, in congregatyng the Clergy whē neede is of any coūsell or electiō, to heare their learning in causes propoūded, & according to the truth learned, to direct his iudgemēt, in disposing such rites & ordinaunces for the church, as make to edification not to the destruction therof, in conseruyng the discipline of the Churche, and settyng all thynges in a congrue order. Briefly, the office of the ciuile ruler & Magistrate extendeth to minister iustice and iudgement in all Courtes as well temporall, as Ecclesiasticall: to haue correction ouer all trāsgressours, whether they be laymen or persons Ecclesiasticall. And finally all such thyngs as belong to the mouyng of þe sword, whatsoeuer, that is to say, all outward punishment, is referred to the iurisdiction of the secular Magistrate, vnder whose subiection the ordinaunce of God hath subiected all orders and states of mē.
[Back to Top]Here we haue the witnesse also of Hormisda Byshop of Rome, which being well weyed maketh þe matter plaine, that Princes haue to deale in spirituall causes also, not onely in temporall: where the sayd Hormisda writeth to Epiphanius, Patriarche of Constant. in this sort: Clara cœlestis misericordiæ demonstratio procedit, quando reges seculi causas de fide, cum gubernatione politiæ coniungunt. &c. ex Act. v. vniuers. concil. Constantini secundi. an. 528. And thus much, and to much peraduenture concernyng the matter of iurisdiction, in which poynt this new Church of Rome hath swarued from the auncient Church of Rome, which was, as is sufficiently proued.
[Back to Top]THe third point wherein the church of Rome hath broken and is departed from the Church of Rome, is the forme of stile & title annexed to the Bishop of that Sea.MarginaliaThe 3. point wherin the Church of Rome is altered from the Church of Rome. The titles & stile of the Bishop of Rome.As where he is called Pope, most holy father, vicare generall, & vicare of Christ, successour of Peter, vniuersall Byshop, Prince of Priestes. head of the Church vniuersall Summus orbis pontifex, Stupor mundi, head Byshop of the world, the admiration of the world, neither God nor mā, but a thyng betwene both. &c. for all these termes be geuen him in Popish bookes. Albeit þe name Pope, beyng a Greeke name, deriued of πάππας
Close??????
[soūdeth as much as] Father, [in the Syracusane speach]