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Calais

[Calyce; Calice; Calis; Callis]

Pas-de-Calais, France

Coordinates: 50° 56' 53" N, 1° 51' 23" E

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Chelmsford

Chelmesford, Chelmisford, Chelmsford, Chelmsforde, Chemlford, Chemsford

NGR: TL 710 070

A parish in the hundred of Chelmsford, county of Essex. 29 miles north-east by east from London. The living is a rectory in the jurisdiction of the Commissary of Essex and Hertfordshire

English information from Samuel Lewis, A Topographical Dictionary of England (S. Lewis & Co: London, 1831)

Scottish information from Samuel Lewis, A Topographical Dictionary of Scotland (S. Lewis & Co: London, 1846)

Welsh information taken from Samuel Lewis, A Topographical Dictionary of Wales(Lewis & Co: London, 1840)

The reason for the use of these works of reference is that they present the jurisdictional and ecclesiastical position as it was before the major Victorian changes. The descriptions therefore approximate to those applying in the sixteenth century, after the major changes of 1535-42. Except for the physical locations, which have not changed, the reader should not therefore take these references as being accurate in the twenty-first century.

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often bene seene in seates royall. Lamentable, for that it cannot be but grieuous to any good mans hart, to see him eyther so to deserue, if he were iustly desposed: or if he were vniustly depriued, to see the kingly title there not able to hold his right, wher by force, it is compelled to geue place to might.MarginaliaAnno. 1399. The deposing of kyng Rich. the 2. The story straunge & lamentable.

As concerning the order and processe of whose deposing for that it neither is greatly pertinent to my argument, and is sufficiently contayned in Robert Fabian and in the kinges recordes, in the Chronicle of S. Albons, and in other histories at large, it were here tedious and superfluous to entermedle with repeting therof. What were the conditions and properties of this king, partly before hath bene touched. MarginaliaVices and vertues mixt in K. Rich.In whome as some good vertues may be noted: so also some vices may seeme to be mixed withall. But especially this, that he starting out of the steps of hys progenitors, ceased to take part with them, whiche tooke part with the gospell. Wherupon, it so fell, not by the blind wheele of fortune, but by the secret hand of him, which directeth all estates: that as he first began to forsake þ^e mayntayning of the Gospell of God,MarginaliaWhat it is to forsake the maintenance of the Gospell. so the Lord began to forsake him. And where the protection of God beginneth to fayle there can lack no causes to be charged withall, whom God once giueth ouer to mans punishmēt. So that to me considering the whole life and trade of this prince, among all other causes alledged in storyes agaynst him: none seemeth so much to be wayed of vs, or more hurtfull to hym, then this forsaking of the Lord and his word, Although to such as list more to be certified in other causes concurring withall, many and sondry defectes in that king may appeare in storyes to the number of 33. articles alledged or forced rather agaynst him.MarginaliaArticles 33. laid against K. Richard.

In whiche as I cannot deny, but that he was worthy of much blame: so to be displaced therefore from his regall seate, and rightfull state of the crowne, it may be thought perhaps the causes not to be so rare so material in a prince which either could or els would haue serued: had not he geuen ouer before to serue the Lord and hys word, chusing rather to serue the humour of the Pope and bloudy Prelates, thē to further the Lords proceedings in preaching of hys word. And thē as I sayd, how can enemies lack wher God standeth not to friend? or what cause can be so little whiche is not able inough to cast downe, where the Lords arme is shortned to sustayne? Wherefore, it is a poynt of principall wisedome in a Prince not to forget, that as he standeth alwayes in neede of God hys helping hand: so alwayes he haue the discipline and feare of him before hys eyes, according to the counsayle of the godly King Dauid Psal. 2.MarginaliaGods speciall fauour necessary for princes. Psal. 2.

And thus much touching the time and race of this K. Richard, with the tragical story of his deposing. The order and maner whereof purposely I pretermit, onely contented briefly to lay together, a fewe speciall thinges done before his fall, suche as may be sufficient in a briefe somme, both to satisfie the Reader inquisitiue of suche storyes, and also to forwarne other Princes to beware the lyke daungers. MarginaliaThe king ledde with lewde counsayle.In suche as wryte the life and Actes of this Prince, thus I read of him reported, that he was much inclined to the fauouring and aduauncing of certayne persons about him, & ruled all by theyr counsell, whiche were thē greatly abhored and hated in the realme: The names of whome were Rob. Veer Erle of Oxford, whō the king had made duke of Ireland. Alexander Neuile Archbishop of York, Michiel Delapoole Earle of Suffolke, Robert Trisiliam Lord chiefe Iustice, Nicholas Brembre with other.

MarginaliaThe nobles vp in armes against certaine of the kings counsailours.These men, being hated and disdayned of diuers of the nobles, and of the commons, the king also by fauouring them, was lesse fauoured hymslefe. In so much, that the Duke of Gloucester, named Thomas Woodstock þ^e kings Vncle, with the Erle of Warwicke, and Earle of Darby: stoode vp in armes against those counsaylors and abusers (as they named them) of the king. In so much that þ^e king for feare was constrayned agaynst hys minde to remoue out of his court, Alexander Neuile Archb. of Yorke, Iohn Foorde Byshop of Duresme, Fryer Thomas Rushoke Bishop of Chichester the kinges confessor, with the Lord Haringworth, Lord Burnell, and Bemond, Lord Veer. and diuers other.

And furthermore, in the Parliament the same yeare following, Robert Trisilian the Iustice was hanged and drawne. Also Nicholas Brembre Knight, Iames Salisbury also, and Iames Barnese both Knights, Ioh. Bewchampe the kinges Steward, and Iohn Blake Esquire in like maner. All these by the counsayle of the Lordes beyng cast in the parliament agaynst the kyngs mind, did suffer, which was in þ^e 11. of his raign, he being yet vnder gouer-nours: but consequently after the same, the king clayming his own liberty, being come to the age of 20. began to take more vpon him. And this was one thinge that stirred vp the kinges stomacke agaynst the Nobles. MarginaliaEx Chron. D. AlbaniEx Chron. Alban.

MarginaliaThe second preparatiue to the kings deposing.2. An other thing that styrred hym vp as much against the Londiners was this: for that he would haue borowed of them a M. pound, and they denied him to their double & triple disauantage, as after ensued vpon it. Ibidem. An other occasion besides this, betwene the king and the Londoners happened thus, by reason of one of the Byshop of Salisburies seruauntes, named Roman, and a Bakers man: who then carying a basket of horsebread in Fletstreet the foresayd Roman tooke a horselofe out of þ^e basket. The Baker asking why he did so, the Byshops lusty yeomen turned backe agayne and brake his head: whereupon the neighbors came out, and would haue arested this Roman but he escaped away vnto the Byshops house. Then the Constable would haue had him out, but the Bishops men shut fast the gates, that they shoulde not approche. Thus, much people gathered together, threatning to brust open þ^e gates and fire the house, vnlesse they had the foresayd party to them brought out. Wherby much adoe there was, till at length the Mayor and Sheriffes came and quieted þ^e rage of the commons, & sent euery man home to his house, charging thē to keepe peace. Here as yet was no great harme done, but if the bishoppe for his part had been quyet, and had not styrred the coles of debate, which were well slaked already, all had bene ended without further perturbation. But the stomacke of the Byshop not yet digested (although hys man had done the wrong) hauing no great cause so to do, whose name was MarginaliaI. Waltam B. of Salisb. makebateIohn Waltain being then Treasourer of England, went to MarginaliaTho. Arundell Archb. of York.Thomas Arundell archbish. the same time of Yorke, and Lord Chauncellour of England to complayne of the Londoners. Where is to be noted, or rather reueled by the way a priuy mistery, which although be not in this story touched of the writers: yet it touched the hartes of the bishops not a little. MarginaliaLondiners fauourers of Wickliffes doctrine.For the Londoners at that time were notoriously knowne to be fauourers of Wickliffes side, as partly before this is to be seene, and in the story of S. Albones more playnly doth appeare: Where the author of the sayd history writing vpon the 15. yeare of King Richardes raygne, reporteth in these wordes of the Londoners, that they were Male creduli in deum & traditiones auitas, Lollardorum sustentatores, religiosorū detractores, decimarū detētores, & cōmunis vulgi depauperatores &c.MarginaliaEx histor. D. Albani euius sic habet initium . An. gratiæ. &c. þ^t is not right beleuers in God, nor in the traditions of their forefathers: susteyners of the Lollardes: deprauers of religious men: withholders of tythes: and impouerishers of the common people, &c.

MarginaliaLondiners complayned of to the king, by the Byshops.Thus the Londoners being noted and suspected of the byshops, were the more maliced (no doubt therefore) of the sayd byshops, whiche were the more ready to finde & take all occasions to worke agaynst them, as by theyr doyng herein may wel appeare. For the bishop of Salisbury, and archb. of Yorke, hauing no greater matter agaynst them,MarginaliaBeati pacifici then was declared: with a grieuous complaynt went to the king, complayning of the Mayor and Sheriffes of Lōdon. What trespasse the Mayor and Sheriffes had done, as ye haue heard before, so may you iudge. Now what followed after let vs heare. The king incensed not a little w^t the complaynt of the Bishops, conceiued eftsoones against the Mayor and Sheriffes, and agaynst the whole Cittie of London, a great stomache. In so muche that the Mayor & both the Sheriffes were sent for, and remoued from theyr office. Syr Edward Darlyngton then was made warden & Gouernor of the Citie, who also for hys gentlenes shewed to the Cittizens, was also deposed, and an other named Syr Baldwyn Radington, placed in that roome. MarginaliaThe court remoued frō London to Yorke.Moreouer, so much grew the kinges displeasure agaynst the City that he also remoued from London the courtes, & termes to be kept at Yorke, that is to say, the Chauncery, the Eschequer, the kinges benche, the hamper, and the common place: where the same continued from Midsommer, tyll Christenmas, to the great decay of the Cittye of London: which was. an. 1393.

MarginaliaThe 3. preparatiue to the kings deposing.Thirdly, an other great cause whiche purchased the K. much euill will among hys subiectes, was the secret murthering of his owne Vncle named T. Woodstocke, Duke of Gloucester, of whom mention was made before, where was declared how the said Duke, with the Earle of Arundell, the Erle of Warwicke, and the Earle of Darby, with other, were vp in armour agaynst certaine wicked Counsaylours about the king. Whereupon, the king watching afterward hys time, came into Chelsford, & so to the place neare by, where the Duke lay: wherwith hys own hands he arested the sayd Duke his Vncle, and sent him downe by water immediatly to Calice.MarginaliaThe king aresting his owne Vncle, caused him to be put wrongfully to death. And there through the