amongst many other thinges he answered plainly, that he would make no other declaration or answere therunto thē was conteyned in the sayd Scedule. Wherupon we fauoring the sayd sir Iohn, with benigne & gentle meanes we spake vnto him in this manner. Sir Iohn take heed, for if you do not playnly answere to these things, which are obiected agaynst you within a lawful time now graūted you by the Iudges, we may declare you to be an hereticke, but the said sir Iohn perseuered as before, and would make no other answere. Consequently notwithstanding, we together with our sayd felow brethren and others of our counsell took aduise, and by their counsell declared vnto the said sir Iohn Oldcastle, MarginaliaHere is no mention made of the worde of God.that the sayd holy Church of Rome in this matter following the saying of blessed S. Augustine Ierome, Ambrose and other holy men, hath determined, þ^e which determinations euery catholicke ought to obserue. Wherupon the said sir Iohn answered, þ^t he would beleue and obserue whatsoeuer the holy Church determined, and whatsoeuer god would he should obserue and beleue. But that he would in no case affirme that our Lord the Pope, þ^e cardinals, Archbishops, and Bishops or other prelates of the church haue any power to determine any such matters. Wherunto, MarginaliaWolues clothed in sheeps skins.we yet fauoring him, vnder hope of better aduisement promised the sayd sir Iohn: that we would geue him in writing certaine determinatiōs vpon the matter aforesaid. Wherunto he should more plainly answere, writtē in latin, and for his better vnderstanding translated into English: Wherupon, we commaunded and hartily desired him that agaynst monday next folowing, he should geue a playne & full answere, the which determinations we caused to be trāslated the same day & to be deliuered vnto him the sonday next folowing. The tenor of which determinations here folow in this maner.

MarginaliaThe summe of the popish beliefe.The fayth and determination of þ^e holy Churche vpon the holy Sacrament of the aultar is this. That after the consecration done in the masse by þ^e priest, þ^e material bread shall be chaunged into the materiall bodye of Christ, & the materiall wine into þ^e materiall bloud of Christ. Therfore after the consecratiō there remayneth no more any substāce of bread and wine, which was there before. What doe you answere to this article?

MarginaliaConfession.Also the holy church hath determined that euery christian dwelling vpon earth ought to confesse his sinnes vnto a priest ordeined by the Church, if he may come vnto hym. How thinke you by this article?

Christ ordeined S. Peter his Vicare in earth, whose seat is in the Church of Rome, geuing and graunting the same authority whiche he gaue vnto Peter also to his successours which are now called Hopes of Rome, in whose power it is to ordeine and institute prelates in particulare churches. MarginaliaThe Popes supremacy.As Archbishops, bishops, curates, and other ecclesiastical orders, vnto whom the Christian people ought obedience according to the traditiō of the church of Rome. This is the determination of the holy church. What thinke you by this article?

MarginaliaPilgrimage.Besides this the holy Church hath determined, that it is necessary for euery christian to go on pilgrimage to holy places, & there specially to worship the holy reliques of the Apostles, Martirs confessors, & all sayntes, whosoeuer the church of Rome hath allowed. What thinke you for this article?

Vpon which monday being the 25. day of the sayd moneth of September before vs and our felow brethrē aforesayd, MarginaliaConuenerunt in vnū aduersus dominum & Christum eius. Psal. 2.hauing also takē vnto vs our reuerēd brother, Benedict by the grace of God, Bishop of Bangor, & by our cōmaundement our counsellers and ministers. Master Henry Ware officiall of our court of Cant. Philip Morgan D. of both lawes, Howell Kiffin Doctor of þ^e decretals, Iohn Kempe and william Carlton Doctors of law, Ioh. Witnā Thomas Palmer, Rob. Wombewell, Iohn Withe and Robert Chamberlayne, Richard Dotington & Thomas Walden professors of diuinity. Also Iames Cole, & I. Steuens our notaries appointed on this behalf. They all and euery one being sworne vpon þ^e holy gospell of god laying their handes vpon the booke that they shoulde geue theyr faythfull counsell in, and vpō the maner aforesayde, and in euery such cause and to the whole world. By and by appered sir Robert Morley Knight, Lieuetenant of the Tower of London, and brought with him the foresayde Syr I. Oldcastle setting him before vs. Vnto whom we gentlye and familiarly rehearsed the actes of the day before passed. And as before we tolde him that he both is and was excōmunicate, requiring and intreating him that he would desire and receiue in due forme the absolution of the Church. Vnto whom the said Syr Iohn then and there plainly answered, that in this behalfe he would require no absolutiō at our handes but onely of God. Then afterward by gen-tle and soft meanes we desired and required him to make playne answere vnto the articles which were laid against him. And first of al, as touching the Sacrament of the aultar. To the which article, besides other thinges he answered and sayd thus: MarginaliaThe sacram ent both body and bread in diuers respectes.That as Christ being here in earth had in him both Godhead & manhoode. Notwithstanding the Godhead was couered and inuisible vnder the humanity, the which was manifest and visible in him: so likewise in the sacrament of the aultar there is the very body and very bread, bread which we do see, the body of Christ hidden vnder the same which we do not see. And playnly denyed, that the fayth as touching the said Sacrament determined by the Romish church and holy doctors and sent vnto him by vs in the sayd Schedule, to be the determination of the holy Church. But if it be the determination of the Church he sayd that it was done contrary vnto the scriptures, after the church was endowed, and that poyson was poured into the Churche and not afore. Also as touching the Sacrament of penance and confession, he playnly sayd and affirmed thē and there: MarginaliaHow confession is to be alowed.that if any man were in any greuous sinne, out of the which he knew not how to rise, it were expedient and good for him to go vnto some holy and discreet priest to take counsell of him. But that he shoulde confesse his sinne to any proper Priest, or to any other although he might haue the vse of him, it is not necessary to saluation, for so much as by only contrition such sinne can be wiped a way, & the sinner himselfe purged. As concerning the worshipping of the crosse, he sayd and affirmed that þ^e only body of Christ which did hange vpon the crosse is to be worshipped. For so much as that body alone was & is þ^e crosse, which is to be worshipped.

And being demaunded what honor he would do vnto the Image of the crosse. MarginaliaWhat honour is to be done to the crosse.He aunswered by expresse wordes that he would only do it that honor that he would make it clean and lay it vp safe. As touching the power and authority of the keyes, the Archbishops, Bishop, and other prelates, he sayde that the Pope is very Antichrist, that is the head: the Archbishops, Bishops and other prelates to be his members, and the Friers to be his tayle.MarginaliaThe pope is Antichrist, the Byshops are his members, and fryers his tayle. The whiche Pope, Archbishops and bishops a man ought not to obey, but so far forth as they be followers of Christ & of Peter, in their life, maners & conuersation, and that he is the successor of Peter, whiche is best and purest in life & maners. Furthermore, þ^e said sir Iohn spreading his handes wyth a loude voyce, sayd thus to those whiche stoode about hym. MarginaliaThe bolde talke of the L. Cobham.These men which iudge and would condemne me, wil seduce you all & themselues, and wil lead you vnto hell, ther fore take heed of them. When he had spoken those wordes, we agayne as oftentimes before with lamentable countenaunce, spake vnto the said sir Iohn, exhorting him wyth as gentle wordes as we might that he would returne to þ^e vnity of the church, to beleue & hold that which the church of Rome doth beleue & hold. Who expresly aunswered that he would not beleue or holde otherwise then he had before declared. Wherefore, we perceiuing as it appeared by hym that we coulde not preuayle: at the last wyth bitternesse of hart, we proceeded to the pronouncing of a definitiue sentence in this maner.

¶ In the name of God Amen: We Thom. by the permission of God Archb. and MarginaliaThey cal them selues humble which rule ouer kinges, and excercise the tyranny of the world.humble minister of the holy Church of Cant. primate of all England, and Legate of the Apostolicke see, in a certayne cause or matter of heresy vpon certeine articles, wherupon sir Iohn Oldcastle knight, Lord Cobham, before vs in the last cōuocation of our Clergy of our prouince of Caunterbury holden in the Church of S. Paul in London after diligēt inquisition thervpon made, was detected & accused, & by our said prouince notoriously and openly defamed. At the request of the whole Clergy aforesayd therupon made vnto vs in the said conuocatiō: with all fauour possible that we might (God we take to witnes) lawfully proceding agaynst him, MarginaliaFolowing christes footsteppes cleane contrary.following the footsteps and example of Christ which woulde not the death of a sinner, but rather that he should be conuerted and liue, we haue endeuoured by all wayes and meanes we might or could to reforme him, and rather reduce him to the vnity of the church: declaring vnto him what the holy vniuersallMarginaliaThe vniuersall church meaning by a figure the part for the whole. Church of Rome doth teach, hold and determine in this behalfe. And albeit that we founde him wandring astraye from the Catholicke fayth, and so stubberne and stiffenecked that he would not confesse his error or cleare himselfe thereof, to detest the same: Notwithstanding we fauouring him with a fatherly affection, and hartily wishing and desiring his preseruation, prefixed him a certayne competent time to deliberate with himself, and if he would to repent and reforme himselfe. And last of all, for so much as we perceiued him to be vnreasonable: obseruing chiefly those thinges whiche by the lawe are required in this behalfe, with great sorow and bitternes of hart, we proceeded to the pronouncing of the definitiue sentence in this maner.