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Antioch (Antioch on the Orontes, Great Antioch, Syrian Antioch) (Antakya)

[Antiochia apud Orontem]

Turkey

Coordinates: 36° 12' 0" N, 36° 9' 0" E

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Avignon

[Auinion; Auignia]

Vaucluse, France

Coordinates: 43° 56' 58" N, 4° 48' 32" E

Seat of the papacy 1309 - 77; seat of the antipopes during the Great Schism (1378 - 1415)

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Bologna (Bononium)

[Bononie; Bonomie; Bonony; Bononia]

Emilia-Romagna, Italy

Coordinates: 44° 30' 27" N, 11° 21' 5" E

Cathedral city

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Perugia [Perusium],Umbria

Italy

Coordinates: 43° 6' 43.56" N, 12° 23' 19.68" E

wordes appeareth that other besides the bishop of Rome and his Cardinals, are called blessed Popes, holding the fayth and seat of Peter, and are successours of the Apostles as was Austen and other holy byshops moe.

12. Wherof it followeth moreouer, that þ^e church of Rome is not that place, where the Lord did appoint þ^e principall sea of his whole Church. For Christ, which was the head priest of all, did first sit in Ierusalem, and Peter did sit first in Antioch, and afterward in Rome. Also other popes dyd sit some in Bonony, some at Perusium, some at Auinion.

13. Item, the foresayde Prelates are falsifiers of the holy Scriptures and Canons, & therfore are worthy to be punished: Which affirme and say, that we must obey the pope in all thinges. For why it is knowne that many Popes haue erred, MarginaliaPope Ioane a woman.and one Pope was also a woman. To whome not onely it was not lawful to geue obediēce, but also vnlawfull to communicate with them. As all Rubrices, and infinite Canons de declare.

14. Item, their 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Articles doe stand and are grounded vpon vntrue and false persuasions. And therfore are to be reiected and detested like the other before: Seyng they doe induce not to peace and veritye, but to dissention and falsity.

15. It is manifest also to the laitye, that this dissention among the clergy riseth for no other cause, but onely for the preaching of the Gospell, which reprehendeth such Simoniacks, and such hereticks in the church of God, as namely haunt the court of Rome, spreading out theyr braunches abroad into all the world. Who deserue to be remoued & extirpate not onely of the clergy gospellers, but also of the secular power. MarginaliaSimonie, Luxurie, Auarice, three causes of dissention in the clergie.And so these three vices, to witte, Simonye, Luxurity, & Auarice (which is Idoll worship) be the causes of all this dissention amonge the Clergye in the kingdome of Boheme, and not the other, which they falsely ascribe to the Gospellers of Prage. These three vices beyng remoued, peace and vnity would soone be reformed in the Clergy.

16. Moreouer, their last article is to much grosse, and not onely is without all law, but also w^tout all coulour of law: whereas they fondly and childishly doe argue thus: that the processes made agaynst M. Iohn Hus ought to be obeyed, because forsooth the common sort of the Clergye of Prage, hath receiued them: By the same reason they may argue also, that we must obey the deuil, for our first parēts Adam and Eue obeyed him. Also our fore auncetours before vs were Paganes, wherfore we must obey them, and also the Paganes.

17. But let this friuolous opiniō go, this is certain truth, that the said processes made against maister Iohn Hus, by law are none. Forsomuch as they were obteyned, drawne, wrought, and executed contrary to the commission of the Pope, against the determinatiō of the holy mother church, as appeareth Cap. Sacro de Sententia excom. and a thousand other lawes besides.

18. Finally, whosoeuer wittingly & obstinately do defend and execute (the sayd processes made) or consenteth vnto thē, are all to be counted as blasphemers, excommunicate, and heretickes, as hath bene afore written and exhibited to þ^e Lord generall bishop Olomucense. And more shalbe declared and proued, if audience may be geuen openly before all the Doctors. Ex Ænea Sylui. & Chocleo.

¶ Vnto these obiections of I. Hus & his part, the Catholique Doctors agayn did answer in a long tedious proces: The scope wherof principally tended to defend þ^e principallity of the Pope, & to mayntayne his obedience aboue all other potentates in þ^e world: affirming & cōtēding, that although Christ is the head alone of the whole multitude of them that are sleeping in Purgatory, and whiche are labouring in the Church militant, and which are resting in heauen: yet this letteth not, but the Pope is heade of the church here militant, that is, of all the faithfull, which here in this world liue vnder his office. Like as Christ is kyng of all kings, and yet Charles may be the king of Fraunce:MarginaliaAs Charles may be king of Fraunce: So also we graunt, the pope may be Bish. of Italy, and so it is a good consequent. So say they, Christ may be the vniuersall head, and yet the Pope may be head vnder him of the whole Churche. MarginaliaHe may so be, if God had so appointed him but where doth he so appoint.And thus concluded they that the pope is the head, and that the Colledge of Cardinals is the body of the Romish church, which church of Rome is placed in the ecclesiasticall office here ouer the earth, to know and define vpō euery ecclesiasticall and catholicke matter, to correct errors, and to purge them, and to haue care vpon all such vniuersall matters, & cure vpon all vniuersall churches, and vpon the vniuersal flocke of faythfull christians. Forasmuch as in the regimēt of the church through þ^e vniuersal world, there must nedes remayne in such office alwayes some suche manifest & true successors of Peter, prince of the Apostles & of the colledge of the other Apostles of Christ: neither can there be foundMarginaliaEx Cochleo in bist. Hussit.or geuen vpon earth any other successors, but only þ^e Pope which is the head, and the colledge of Cardinals, which is the body of the foresayd church of Rome. And although the whole vniuersall multitude of the faythfull do make þ^e body of Christ, yet the same body of Christ is not placed here in office to exercise such authority vpon earth. Because that vniuersal multitude was neuer yet, nor euer can be cōgregate together.

And therfore necessary it is, that some such true and manifest successors & iudges be appoynted, to whom recourse must be had, in all such catholickMarginaliaCatholique that is vniuersal. and ecclesiastical matters determinable. For like as in earthly regiments, euery case of discord is brought before his iudge, & hath his place assigned where to be decided: So like reason would requyre, that in principall matters and controuersies of fayth, some such presidents & places be limited for the purpose to haue such doubtes resolued.MarginaliaIf ye go to humaine policie, who euer sawe any priuate case of Englande brought to the Emperours court to be decided. If ye goe to Gods policy, then shew gods word for it. And this being graunted, then the doctors proceed, & here must needes cōclude (say they) that there cannot be geuen in all the world any other place, but onely the church of Rome: the head wherof is the Pope, & the body is the colledge of Cardinals. For like as Christ departing out of this world in his corporal presēce, left his body here with vs, vnder the Sacramēt in another forme, whereby he remayneth with vs (according to his promise Mat. vlt.) vnto the consummation of the worlde:MarginaliaThe promise of Christ doctourly applyed. Euen so while Christ walked here on earth in his bodily presēce, he was Pope himselfe & chiefe bishop, & so head of the church here militant in earth, corporally cōioyned with the same, as þ^e head is to his body. But after that he departed out of þ^e world because his body which is the church militant, vp on the earth, should not be headlesse,MarginaliaO deepe diuinitie of these doctours. therfore he left Peter, & his successors to his church, for an head in his place, vnto the consummation of the world, saying to him: Thou art Peter, & vpon this rocke I will build my church. &c. Mat. 16. And agayne he sayth, feede my sheepe. Ioan. vlt. That is to say, be thou Peter the head ouer thy brethren.

Tedious it were to recite all the bibblebabble of these doctors in this their long responsall. MarginaliaVide Eneam. Silus. & Cocleum. De Hist. Hussit. lib. 1.Who so listeth to see þ^e bottome of their profounde writing & knowledge, may resort either to the history of Siluius, or els to M. Cochleus, in his first booke De hist Hussit.

Thus then M. Iohn Hus being driuen out of Prage (as is afore touched) by the motion of these Doctours, and moreouer being so excōmunicate, that no Masse nor other must be sayd there where he was present. The people begā mightily to grudge and to cry out agaynst the Prelates & other popish priests, which were the workers therof, accusing thē to be Simoniacks, couetous, whoremaisters, adulterers, proud, sparing not to lay opē their vices to their great ignominy and shame. And much crauing a reformation to be had of the clergy.

The king seing the inclination of the people, being also not ignorant of the wickednes of the clergy, vnder pretence to reforme the church, began to require greater exactions vpon such Priestes and men of the Clergy, as were knowne and accused to be wicked liuers. Whereupon they on the other part, that fauored Iohn Hus, taking that occasion present, complayned of all, accused many, and spared none, Whomsoeuer they knew to be of the Catholick faction, or enemies to Iohn Hus. MarginaliaThe priestes of Boheme desplayed and taxed for their yll life. By reason wherof þ^e priests of the popish Clergy were brought, such as were faultye, into great distresse, and such as were not faulty, into great feare. In so much that they were glad to fall in, at least not to fall out with the Protestantes, being afrayd to displease them. By this meanes maister Hus beganne to take some more liberty vnto him, & to preach in his church at Bethleem, & none to controll him: by the same meanes the people also receiued some comfort, and the king much gayne & mony by the reason.

And thus the popish Clergy, while they went about to persecute Iohn Hus, were inwrapped thēselues in great tribulation, and afflicted on euery side, as wel of lay mē, as of learned men of the clergy. In so much that womē also & children were agaynst thē. And by þ^e same reasō, wherwith they thought to entangle him, they were ouerthrown thēselues.MarginaliaThe popish doctours and priests ouerthrowen in their owne reason. For the Doctors which before condemned this doctrine in Iohn Hus, for an intollerable heresye, & cried out so much agaynst him, for teaching þ^t tēporall Lords might take away tēporall liuings frō þ^e clergy sinning habitualiter that is, lying and continuing still in the custome of iniquity: now when the king and the Lords temporall began to mearse them and berieue them of their tēporalties for their transgressions, the sayd Doctors did keepe silence & durst speake neuer a word. Agayne where the foresayd doctors, before could not abide in Iohn Hus, that tithes wer to be coūted for pure almes, now comming to þ^e Guildhal, were faine to entreat for theyr temporall goodes, not to be taken