Bishop of Carthage (311 - after 325) [Gams]

Constantine set up a synod at Rome to examine Cæcilian's case and wrote a letter to him. 1570, p. 141, 1576, p. 104, 1583, p. 103.

(c. 659 - 689) [ODNB]

King of the Gewisse (West Saxons) (685 - 88); invaded Sussex, killed king Æthelwalh and took control in 686; invaded Kent, Surrey and the Isle of Wight

Abdicated to travel to Rome to be baptised; buried in St Peter's

Ine succeeded Cædwalla. [Foxe calls Cædwalla the last king of the Britons, but Cadwaladr ap Cadwallon, king of Gwynedd, was the legendary last king of the Britons.] 1570, p. 167; 1576, p. 126; 1583, p. 125.

(d. 664/682) [ODNB]

King of Gwynedd; son of Cadwallon ap Cadfan; legendary last king of the Britons

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1563, p. 16; 1570, p. 153; 1576, p. 115; 1583, p. 114.

(d. 634) [ODNB]

King of Gwynedd (c. 625 - 34)

Killed Eadwine of Northumbria in 633; killed Osric of Deira and Eanfrith of Bernicia in 634; was killed by Oswald

Cadwallon and Penda of Mercia killed Eadwine of Northumbria and his son in battle at Hatfield. 1570, p. 163; 1576, p. 122; 1583, p. 121.

Eanfrith of Bernicia and Osric of Deira were killed in battle by Cadwallon of Gwynedd and Penda of Mercia. 1570, p. 163; 1576, p. 122; 1583, p. 121.

Cadwallon of Gwynedd and Penda of Mercia, having defeated and killed Eadwine, Eanfrith and Osric, attempted the same with Oswald. After a fierce battle, Oswald's forces prevailed. 1570, p. 163; 1576, p. 122; 1583, p. 121.

High priest of Israel (18 - 36 CE)

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 38; 1576, p. 30; 1583, p. 30.

(d. 296) [Kelly]

Pope (283 - 96)

He was said to have been martyred. 1570, p. 106; 1576, p. 76; 1583, p. 75.

C3 priest in Rome; martyr

Calepodius's body was drawn through the streets and then thrown into the Tiber. 1570, p. 85; 1576, p. 59; 1583, p. 59.

(d. 222) [Kelly]

Pope (217 - 222)

He was said to have been martyred by being tossed into a ditch from a window, a large stone having been tied around his neck. 1570, p. 84; 1576, p. 58; 1583, pp. 57-58.

(c. 1050 - 1124) [Kelly]

Pope (1119 - 24) Son of Count William of Burgundy; archbishop of Vienne 1088; cardinal, papal legate in France.

He settled the investiture conflict with the Concordat of Worms in 1123

Under Callistus II the marriage of priests was successfully banned. 1570, p. 1317; 1576, p. 1127; 1583, p. 1152.

Legendary pagan said to have been converted by the martyrdom of Faustinus and Jovinus

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 66; 1576, p. 41; 1583, p. 41.

Yorkshire rebel in 1549

Calvered, drunk in an alehouse in Wintringham, revealed the Yorkshire rebels' plans. As a result, they began their action at Staxton instead. 1570, p. 1500; 1576, p. 1272; 1583, p. 1309.

Of Colchester.

John Cornet sang a song against the mass for which the parson, Yaxley, had him sent before Justice Cannall. 1570, p. 2287, 1576, p.1974 [incorrectly numbered as 1938], 1583, p. 2081.

Of Norfolk.

Jenings Hasset was persecuted by Cantrel and How. 1563, p. 1681.

[Almost certainly of the family of Cantrells of East Anglia who became key figures in the ducal administrative hierarchy. See A. Hassell Smith, County and Court: Government and Politics in Norfolk, 1558-1603 (Oxford, 1974), p. 25 and R. J. W. Swales, 'Local Politics and the Parliamentary Representation of Sussex 1529-1558' (Bristol PhD thesis 1964), Appendix, pp. 36, 174-75.]

English Dominican friar in Calais

Capel was present when William Button was called before Brian Darley in Calais and called a heretic by him. Capel agreed, and Button then made insulting remarks about the Dominicans. 1570, p. 1408; 1576, p. 1200; 1583, p. 1230.

Governor under Emperor Severus (r. 193 - 211)

Capella took part in the persecution of the Christians under Severus. 1570, p. 79; 1576, p. 54; 1583, p. 54.

(188-217) [ODNB; M. L. Meckler www.roman-emperors.org]

Elder son of Septimius Severus; co-ruler with his father in 198

Roman emperor (211 - 217), jointly with his brother in 211; reconstructed Hadrian's Wall

He arranged the murder of his brother Geta; he was himself murdered

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, pp. 39, 83, 147; 1576, pp. 31, 57, 109; 1583, pp. 31, 57, 108.

(d. 293) [ODNB; M. Di Maio, www.roman-emperors.org]

Led naval fleet under Herculius; fled to Britain with the fleet and declared himself emperor (286/7 - 293); murdered by Allectus

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 147; 1576, p. 109; 1583, p. 108.

(fl. late C11)

Personal enemy of Hildebrand; author of pamphlets against him. Author of a life of Hildebrand and of a history of the Roman Church in opposition to him

He is mentioned by Foxe. 1563, p. 11.

(1469 - 1534) [C. Scott Dixon, M. Greengrass, www.leedstrinity.ac.uk/histcourse/reformat/biograph.htm]

Italian theologian, biblical scholar; general of the Dominican order (1508); cardinal (Sancti Sixti) 1517; papal legate to Germany

Martin Luther, in his answer to the papal bull of Leo X, accused Cardinal Cajetan of telling lies about Luther in Rome. 1570, p. 1472; 1576, p. 1250; 1583, p. 1287.

Luther was called to Rome to answer charges of heresy. The duke of Saxony, John Frederick I, pleaded to have him tried by impartial judges. His case, however, was committed to be heard by the legate to Germany, Cardinal Cajetan, a sworn enemy of Luther. The cardinal rejected his case, and Luther appealed from the cardinal to the pope. 1570, p. 1477; 1576, p. 1252; 1583, pp. 1289-90.

Cardinals Campeius and Wolsey were in commission from the pope to decide on the issue of Henry VIII's marriage to Katherine. When they failed to reach a decision, the king had the dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk send Campeius back to Rome. 1570, p. 2035, 1576, p. 1753, 1583, p. 1860.

(d. 285) [W. Leadbetter www.roman-emperors.org]

Roman emperor (283 - 85), first with his father Carus, who died in 283, and then with his younger brother Numerian until November 284

After the deaths of his father and brother, Carinus ruled alone in Italy. He defeated the rebel Sabinus Julianus, but was overcome in a rebellion by the troops returned from Persia. 1570, p. 108; 1576, p. 76; 1583, p. 76.

(751 - 771)

Son of Pippin the Short; brother of Charlemagne

King of Franks with Charlemagne (768 - 71); anointed by Pope Stephen II in 754

After Carloman's death, his wife and children went to Pope Adrian I for protection. He turned them over, with Desiderius, king of the Lombards, to Charlemagne, who kept them in captivity in France. 1570, p. 175; 1576, p. 132; 1583, p. 131.

C4 priest in Tuscia; martyred with his deacon

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 129; 1576, p. 93; 1583, p. 92.

C2 Christian martyred under Marcus Aurelius at Pergamum. [Paul Keresztes, 'Marcus Aurelius a Persecutor?', The Harvard Theological Review, vol. 61, no. 3 (July, 1968) p. 323]

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 67; 1576, p. 44; 1583, p. 44.

In a letter Bartlett Green requested relief for the following: Henry Aprice, Lancelot, Hobbes, Lother, Homes, Carre, Bockingham. 1563, p. 1466, 1570, p. 2028, 1576, p. 1747, 1583, p. 1856.

Cartor is listed as debating with Ridley at Oxford in 1554 (1563, p. 934). This is probably an error for 'Curtop'.

Sergeant-at-arms. Of Hadleigh, Suffolk.

Walter Clerk and John Clerk complained to the council about Rose, and the sergeant-at-arms, Cartwright, subsequently arrested Rose. 1576, p. 1978, 1583, p. 2083.

(d. 283) [W. Leadbetter www.roman-emperors.org]

Roman emperor (282 - 83); conducted a successful war against the Persians. Died suddenly, probably of illness.

Foxe says Carus was killed by lightning. 1570, pp. 39, 108; 1576, pp. 31, 77; 1583, pp. 31, 76.

(d. early C4) [Catholic Encyclopedia]

Schoolmaster; reputedly bishop; martyr under Diocletian

Cassian was a strict but godly schoolmaster, who was arrested and sentenced to be tormented by his scholars. They, in revenge for his harsh punishments, stripped him, taunted him, threw stones and books, and stabbed him with their styli. Cassian died from the treatment. 1570, pp. 129-30; 1576, pp. 93-94; 1583, pp. 92-93.

Castellanus' strange death at Orléans is referred to in a letter to Henri II (1570, pp. 2309-10, 1576, pp. 1999-2000, 1583, pp. 2108-09).

In the 1570 and 1576 editions, Cately is one of the false witnesses against Julins Palmer during his first examination by the mayor of Reading. In the 1583 edition, Foxe reports that Thackham has denied being an enemy of Palmer and working against him. He has come to Foxe and sworn an oath to that effect. Foxe does not mention names of the 'false brethren' in 1583. 1570, pp. 2120-21, 1576, pp. 1842-43,

(1519 - 1589)

Daughter of Lorenzo de' Medici, duke of Urbino; married Henri of France 1533; queen of France (1547 - 59); regent for sons Francois II, Charles IX and Henri III

Francois I allied himself with Pope Clement VII in marrying his son to Clement's niece. 1570, p. 1239; 1576, p. 1061; 1583, p. 1088.

Wife of John Hall; mother of the chronicler Edward Hall [DNB, sub 'Hall, Edward'].

Catherine Hall received a letter, together with her husband, from John Hooper, dated 22 December 1554, thanking them for their friendship and urging them to constancy. 1570, p. 1691; 1576, p. 1444; 1583, p. 1517.

Catherine Hall and her husband John received a letter from John Bradford while they were imprisoned in Newgate. 1570, p. 1828, 1576, pp. 1563-64, 1583, p. 1645.

She received a letter from John Bradford. 1570, pp. 1828-29, 1576, p. 1564, 1583, p. 1646.

(d. 1552)

Wife of Peter Martyr Vermigli

Brooks (Gloucester), Ormaneto, Robert Morewen (president of Corpus Christi college), Cole and Wright were members of the commission sent to have Peter Martyr's wife's body exhumed. 1563, p. 1558, 1570, p. 2152, 1576, p. 1859, 1583, p. 1968.

Matthew Parker, Edmund Grindall and Richard Goodrick requested that the body of Peter Martyr's wife be buried honourably. 1563, p1559., 1570, p. 2153, 1576, p. 1859, 1583, p. 1968.

She was reburied in Richard Marshall's dunghill. 1563, p1559., 1570, p. 2153, 1576, p. 1859, 1583, p. 1968.

Calfside, the sub-dean of the college, saw that she was reburied appropriately. 1563, p1559., 1570, p. 2153, 1576, p. 1859, 1583, p. 1968.

(d. early C4) virgin martyr [Catholic Encyclopedia]

Catherine was supposed to have debated pagan philosophers and converted a military commander and the empress. She was placed on the wheel, then beheaded. 1570, p. 132; 1576, p. 96; 1583, p. 95.

(1485 - 1536) [ODNB]

Queen of England (1509 - 33); 1st consort of Henry VIII

After the death of Prince Arthur, his widow Catherine married his brother Henry. 1563, p. 456; 1570, p. 1192; 1576, p. 1021; 1583, p. 1049.

When Catherine learned from the legates that they had been deputed to determine the matter of a divorce between the king and her, she composed an answer to them. She blamed Wolsey as the cause of the proposed divorce. 1563, pp. 456-57; 1570, pp. 1193-94; 1576, p. 1022; 1583, p. 1050.

Henry and Catherine were summoned to appear before the papal legates, Cardinals Wolsey and Campeggi, who had a commission to judge the matter of the divorce. Henry sent two proxies; Catherine arrived in person, accompanied by ladies and counsellors, including four bishops. She appealed from the cardinals to the pope. 1563, pp. 456-57; 1570, p. 1194; 1576, p. 1022; 1583, p. 1050.

Parliament approved Thomas Cranmer's separation of Henry and Catherine and his marriage to Anne Boleyn. 1570, p. 1197; 1576, p. 1025; 1583, p. 1053.

The archbishop of Canterbury (Cranmer), along with the bishops of London (Stokesley), Winchester (Gardiner), Bath and Wells (Clerk) and Lincoln (Longland) and other clergy went to see Queen Catherine. She failed to attend when summoned over 15 days, and they pronounced that she and the king were divorced. She appealed to the pope. 1570, p. 1200; 1576, p. 1027; 1583, p. 1055.

The duke of Suffolk was sent to Catherine of Aragon after her divorce from the king to reduce the size of her household, removing those who refused to serve her as princess rather than queen. 1570, p. 1200; 1576, p. 1027; 1583, p. 1055.

Catherine of Aragon died in the same year in which Anne Boleyn and William Tyndale were executed. 1570, p. 1232; 1576, p. 1055; 1583, p. 1082.

(1485 - 1536)

Queen. First wife of Henry VIII. First child of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile. [DNB]

Catherine of Arragon was the daughter of Ferdinand, the king of Spain. 1563, p. 1471.

Cranmer was asked by Henry VIII to search the scriptures for a case for his divorce from Catherine of Arragon. 1563, p. 1471, 1570, p. 2033, 1576, p. 1754, 1583, p. 1860.

The pope's authority was discussed at the universities of Cambridge and Oxford, where it was concluded that Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Arragon was not legal, and the pope's authority was denounced. Cranmer, the earl of Wiltshire, Stokesley, Carne and Benet were then sent before the pope to deliver these conclusions. 1563, p. 1472, 1570, p. 2033, 1576, p. 1755, 1583, p. 1861. [1563 has the commission as consisting of: Bonner, Winchester, Sampson, Repps, Goodricke, Latimer, Shaxton, and Barlow.]

of Horkesley, Essex; wife of John, senior [Fines]; charged in 1532 with her husband, sons and their wives; in prison at Fulham 1534

John Wily, his wife, sons and daughters-in-law abjured in 1532. 1570, p. 1191; 1576, p. 1019; 1583, p. 1048.

John Wily and his wife and son were imprisoned at Fulham with Edward Freese. 1563, p. 494; 1570, p. 1168; 1576, p. 999; 1583, p. 1026.

(d. 672?) [ODNB]

Brother of Cedd; disciple of Áedán of Lindisfarne; abbot of Lastingham 664

Consecrated bishop of Northumbria/York by the simoniacal bishop of Winchester, Wine; resigned

Bishop of Mercia and Lindsey 669

Theodore, archbishop of Canterbury, replaced Wilfrid as bishop of York with Ceadda. This was supported by King Ecgfrith of Northumbria. 1570, p. 166; 1576, p. 125; 1583, p. 124.

When Wilfrid was restored to the bishopric of York by King Osred I, Ceadda was consecrated bishop of Mercia by Theodore, archbishop of Canterbury. 1570, p. 166; 1576, p. 125; 1583, p. 124.

King of Mercia early C7

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 150; 1576, p. 112; 1583, p. 111.

(d. 593) [ODNB]

Son of Cynric; king of the Gewisse (West Saxons)

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 149; 1576, p. 111; 1583, p. 110.

Patron saint of music; martyr at Rome [Catholic Encyclopedia]

Cecilia was a virgin who refused to sacrifice to the gods. She converted to Christianity the officers who arrested her, with the aid of Urban I. She was condemned, placed in a hot bath for a day and then beheaded. 1570, p. 85; 1576, p. 58; 1583, p. 58.

Governor under Emperor Severus (r. 193 - 211)

Cecilius took part in the persecution of the Christians under Severus. 1570, p. 79; 1576, p. 54; 1583, p. 54.

Aged priest; teacher and converter of St Cyprian of Carthage [Catholic Encyclopedia sub Cyprian]

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 98; 1576, p. 69; 1583, p. 69.

of Speen, Hertfordshire [Fines]; wife of John

Cecily Eaton was accused of refusing to look at the sacrament and criticising church bells. 1570, p. 1119; 1576, p. 958; 1583, p. 985.

(d. 664) [ODNB]

Trained at Lindisfarne; bishop of the East Saxons; missionary to the Middle Angles

Cedd was sent into the kingdom of the East Saxons after the conversion of King Sigeberht Sanctus. 1570, p. 151; 1576, p. 113; 1583, p. 112.

Cedd was the second bishop of London, following Mellitus. 1570, p. 151; 1576, p. 113; 1583, p. 112.

He was appointed prolocutor at the Synod of Whitby in 664. 1570, p. 165; 1576, p. 124; 1583, p. 123.

When King Oswiu decided in favour of the Roman position on the calculation of the date of Easter, Cedd agreed to accept it. 1570, p. 166; 1576, p. 125; 1583, p. 124.

(d. 432) [Kelly]

Pope (422 - 32)

Celestine I claimed jurisdiction over the African churches. 1563, p. 9.

Popes Zosimus, Boniface I and Celestine I claimed supremacy for the bishop of Rome based on the canons of the Nicene council. The sixth council of Carthage sent to Constantinople for the true record. 1570, p. 1318; 1576, p. 1128; 1583, p. 1153.

The Council of Carthage sent a letter to Celestine, saying that the Council of Nice had not given the authority over the churches of Africa that he claimed. 1570, p. 1209; 1576, p. 1035; 1583, p. 1062.

(r. 716 - 18) [ODNB sub Osred I]

Son of Cuthwine

King of Northumbria (716 - 18)

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, pp. 150, 167; 1576, pp. 112, 126; 1583, pp. 111, 125.

(d. in or after 685) [ODNB]

Son of Cynegils; king of the Gewisse (West Saxons) (676 - 85)

Centwine died at Rome. 1570, p. 149; 1576, p. 111; 1583, p. 110.

(d. 672) [ODNB]

Son of Cynegils; king of the Gewisse (West Saxons) (642 - 45, 648 - 72)

Driven into exile (645 - 48) by Penda of Mercia

Cenwalh went to battle alongside his father and brother, Cwichelm, against Eadwine of Northumbria, and they were defeated. 1570, p. 162; 1576, p. 122; 1583, p. 121.

Wulfhere, king of Mercia, defeated Cenwalh and obtained the Isle of Wight. 1570, p. 164; 1576, p. 123; 1583, p. 122.

Cynegils began construction of the church at Winchester [Foxe mistakenly calls him the king of Mercia]. It was completed by his son Cenwalh, who appointed Wine bishop there. 1570, p. 177; 1576, p. 134; 1583, p. 133.

(d. 821) [ODNB]

King of the Mercians (796 - 821)

Distant relative of his predecessor Ecgfrith, son of Offa; it is possible that Offa had had closer relatives killed.

Cenwulf went to war against the men of Kent. 1570, p. 154; 1576, p. 115; 1583, p. 114.

Cenwulf had Eadberht III Præn bound and taken prisoner into Mercia. Cenwulf later built a church at Winchcombe, invited Eadberht into it, and restored him to his throne. 1570, p. 173; 1576, p. 131; 1583, p. 130.

Cenwulf, according to a story, was beheaded while hunting by his sister and his tutor. 1570, p. 154; 1576, p. 115; 1583, p. 114.

(d. 597) [ODNB]

Son of Cuthwulf, grandson of Cynric

King of the Gewisse (West Saxons) (591/2 - 97); overthrew his uncle and predecessor Ceawlin

He is mentioned by Foxe:1570, p. 149; 1576, p. 111; 1583, p. 110.

(642 - 716) [ODNB]

Monk; close to Wilfrid and Benedict Biscop; prior of Wearmouth 674

Abbot of Wearmouth and Jarrow (685 - 716); resigned and left for Rome in 716; died at Langres on the way

Coelfrith wrote to King Naiton of the Picts, advising him on the Roman practice of Easter and priests' tonsure. As a result of the letter, a proclamation was made and all priests and monks had their heads shaved according to the English custom. 1570, pp. 168-69; 1576, pp. 127-28; 1583, p. 126.

Coelfrith recounts in his letter how Adomnán, abbot of Iona, made an ambassadorial visit to King Aldfrith of Northumbria. Adomnán used the Irish style of tonsure, but became convinced by Abbot Ceolfrith of the superiority of the English style. On his return, he reformed many churches to conform with English practice, but was unable to persuade the monks to alter their tonsure. 1570, p. 169; 1576, p. 127; 1583, p. 126.

Pope Sergius I sent a letter to Ceolfrith, praising Bede's learning and asking that he be sent to Rome. 1570, p. 170; 1576, p. 128; 1583, p. 127.

(d. 870) [ODNB]

Archbishop of Canterbury (833 - 70); established alliance with the Wessex kings who now controlled Kent; tried to deal with Viking attacks

He is listed by Foxe: 1570, p. 178; 1576, p. 135; 1583, p. 134.

(d. in or after 823) [ODNB sub Rulers of Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms]

King of Mercia (821 - 23); brother of King Cenwulf

Beornwulf deposed Ceolwulf in the first year of his reign and took over the throne. 1570, p. 176, 1576, p. 133, 1583, p. 132.

(fl. 874 - 879) [ODNB]

King of the Mercians (874 - 79); succeeded Burgred, who was driven out by Vikings

His rule was probably confined to western Mercia

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 151; 1576, p. 112; 1583, p. 111.

(d. 764) [ODNB]

Brother of Cenred of Northumbria

King of Northumbria (729 - 737); abdicated in favour of his cousin Eadberht; became a monk of Lindisfarne

Bede gave his Anglorum Historia to Ceolwulf to be approved and amended. 1570, p. 170; 1576, p. 128; 1583, p. 127.

When Ceolwulf retired to Lindisfarne, the monks were allowed to drink wine or ale, having previously been allowed only milk and water. 1570, p. 170; 1576, p. 128; 1583, p. 127.

(d. 611?) [ODNB]

Son of Cuthwulf, grandson of Cynric

King of the Gewisse (West Saxons) in succession to his brother Ceol

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 149; 1576, p. 111; 1583, p. 110.

Legendary founding king of Gewisse (Wessex) C6 [ODNB]

During the time of Cerdic, the Britons were driven from their lands. 1570, p. 152; 1576, p. 113; 1583, p. 112.

Legendary early Christian martyrs killed with Getulus

They are mentioned by Foxe: 1570, pp. 68-69; 1576, p. 46; 1583, p. 45.

(fl. late C1 - C2) [Catholic Encyclopedia]

Leader of a sect regarded by orthodox Christians as heretical; founded a school

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 57; 1576, p. 36; 1583, p. 36.

(d. c. 250) [Gams]

Bishop of Nilopolis, Egypt, during persecution of Decius (249-251); martyr

Chæremon was a married bishop. 1570, p. 1319; 1576, p. 1128; 1583, p. 1154.

Chæremon and his wife fled to the mountains of Arabia and disappeared. 1570, p. 90; 1576, p. 63; 1583, p. 62.

Of Woodstock.

Master Chamberlain told Gardiner that John Bradford had served Harrington. 1563, p. 1197, 1570, p. 1788, 1576, p. 1527, 1583, p. 1610.

Twyford, who had a grudge against Thomas Merial, brought together a group of men, plied them with wine, and had them give evidence against him. Bright, the clerk of Mr Chambers, was one of these. 1570, p. 1440; 1576, p. 1228; 1583, p. 1257.

Daughter of Widow Bradbridge.

Widow Bradbridge had two children, Patience and Charity. She asked Thornden to protect them after her death but he refused. 1570, p. 2169, 1576, p. 1873, 1583, p. 1981.

(742x747 - 814)

King of the Franks (768 - 814); king of the Lombards (774 - 814); emperor of the Romans (800 - 814)

Pope Stephen III called on Charlemagne for help against the Lombards; Charlemagne defeated King Desiderius and took over the rule of the Lombard kingdom. 1570, p. 174; 1576, p. 131; 1583, p. 130.

After the death of Charlemagne's brother Carloman, Carloman's wife and children went to Pope Adrian I for protection. He turned them over, with Desiderius, to Charlemagne, who kept them in captivity in France. 1570, p. 175; 1576, p. 132; 1583, p. 131.

Charlemagne confirmed the donations to the papacy of his father and added more. He received from Pope Adrian I the title of patrician of the Romans. 1570, p. 174, 1576, p. 132, 1583, p. 131.

Charlemagne granted to the clergy and people the right to elect bishops and to monks the right to elect their abbots. He was said to have received from Adrian I the right to choose and ordain the bishop of Rome. 1570, p. 5, 1576, p. 4, 1583, pp. 4-5

Charlemagne provided laws, rites and ordinances for the clergy and laity and called church synods. 1570, p. 9, 1576, pp. 7-8, 1583, pp. 7-8

Alcuin was sent to Charlemagne by Offa of Mercia in hopes of cementing peace between them. Charlemagne held Alcuin in high esteem and made him abbot of Tours. 1570, p. 173; 1576, p. 131; 1583, p. 129

Charlemagne sent a letter to King Offa, praising Pope Adrian I. 1570, p. 175; 1576, p. 132; 1583, p. 131

Pope Adrian favoured the mass of St Gregory over that of St Ambrose. He called a council that ordained that Gregory's mass should be used universally, and Charlemagne executed the decree. 1570, p. 174, 1576, p. 131, 1583, p. 130.

Charlemagne presided over the Council of Frankfurt, which rejected decrees of the Council of Nicea advocating the adoration of images. 1563, p. 4; 1570, p. 175; 1576, p. 132; 1583, p. 131

Charlemagne was crowned emperor of the Romans by Pope Leo III. 1570, p. 175, 1576, p. 132, 1583, p. 131.

Eadburh, daughter of Offa and wife of Beorhtric, poisoned her husband, along with some nobles. She fled into France, where both Charlemagne and his son offered to marry her. When she chose the son, she was sent to a nunnery. She had an affair with a monk and was expelled. 1570, p. 176, 1576, p. 133, 1583, p. 132.

Charlemagne built many monasteries, was generous to churchmen and to the poor, a triumphant warrior and skilled in languages. 1570, p. 175; 1576, p. 132; 1583, p. 131

(1483? - 1545)

Duke of Suffolk (1514 - 1545) [DNB; S. J. Gunn, Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk (Oxford, 1986)]

Cromwell was sent with Norfolk and Suffolk to dine with Cranmer at Lambeth. 1570, p. 2036, 1576, p. 1756, 1583, p. 1862.

(c. 1484 - 1545) [ODNB]

1st duke of Suffolk (1514 - 45); courtier and soldier; married Margaret, Henry VIII's sister, widow of Louis XII

When reaction in Suffolk to Cardinal Wolsey's exactions threatened to turn violent, the dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk calmed the people. 1570, p. 1121; 1576, p. 960; 1583, p. 987.

The duke of Suffolk tested the basin of water for Cardinal Wolsey when Henry VIII attended mass after receiving the papal bull granting him the title of defender of the faith. 1563, p. 441; 1570, p. 1124; 1576, p. 962; 1583, p. 989.

Thomas Wolsey was indicted for praemunire, his goods were confiscated, and the dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk were sent to remove from him the great seal. They were then assigned to hear causes in the Star Chamber. 1570, p. 1129; 1576, p. 967; 1583, p. 994.

The duke of Suffolk was sent to Catherine of Aragon after her divorce from the king to reduce the size of her household, removing those who refused to serve her as princess rather than queen. 1570, p. 1200; 1576, p. 1027; 1583, p. 1055.

The duke of Suffolk walked on the left side of the dowager duchess of Norfolk, godmother to Princess Elizabeth, at the christening of the princess. 1563, p. 509; 1570, p. 1199; 1576, p. 1026; 1583, p. 1054.

The king sent the dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk, the marquess of Exeter and the earl of Shrewsbury into Yorkshire to put down the Pilgrimage of Grace. 1570, pp. 1237-38; 1576, pp. 1059-60; 1583, pp. 1086-87.

The king sent Thomas Cromwell and the dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk to dine with Thomas Cranmer to reassure him after his opposition to the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1298; 1576, p. 1111; 1583, p. 1136.

Geoffrey Loveday was charged with supplying money to Adam Damplip in Calais. He was able to prove that he had been in Paris at the time, seeing to the affairs of the duke of Suffolk. 1563, p. 663; 1570, p. 1298; 1576, p. 1111; 1583, p. 1136.

The duke of Suffolk was one of those appointed commissioner for Calais in 1540. 1563, p. 664; 1570, p. 1404; 1576, p. 1197; 1583, p. 1226.

The duke of Suffolk's chaplain, Alexander Seton, was presented in London in 1541 for a sermon he had preached. 1570, p. 1379; 1576, p. 1177; 1583, p. 1205.

After the death of Henry VIII, the duke of Suffolk related to Thomas Cranmer how Stephen Gardiner had nearly been arrested at the time of the execution of Germaine Gardiner. 1570, p. 1477; 1576, p. 1253; 1583, p. 1290.

(1500 - 1566)

French jurist; became a Calvinist; taught at Strasbourg and Besançon; returned to France in 1557, imprisoned

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 4, 1576, p. 3, 1583, p. 3.

(823 - 877) King of West Francia (840 - 77)

Holy Roman Emperor (875 - 77)

Youngest son of Louis the Pious by his second wife Judith; engaged in civil war with his brothers

Joannes Scotus was well thought of by Charles the Bald. 1570, p. 1300; 1576, p. 1113; 1583, p. 1138.

(1490 - 1527)

8th duke of Bourbon; constable of France 1515; broke with the king of France in 1523 and served under Emperor Charles V; led the army that sacked Rome in 1527, fatally wounded

Having engaged in wars against Charles V, allied to Henry VIII, Francois I was captured at the battle of Pavia by the duke of Bourbon and the viceroy of Naples and taken into Spain in 1525. 1570, p. 1122; 1576, p. 960; 1583, p. 987.

Thomas Cromwell was at the siege of Rome with the duke of Bourbon. 1570, p. 1346; 1576, p. 1149; 1583, p. 1178.

Pope Clement VII was captured by the duke of Bourbon when he sacked Rome in 1527. 1570, p. 1122; 1576, p. 961; 1583, p. 987.

(1500 - 1558) [C. Scott Dixon, M. Greengrass, www.leedstrinity.ac.uk/histcourse/reformat/biograph.htm]

Duke of Burgundy; king of Spain (1516 - 56)

Holy Roman Emperor (1520 - 56); abdicated the Spanish throne in favour of son Phillip II of Spain and the imperial throne in favour of brother Ferdinand

Charles V had promised to marry Princess Mary, daughter of Henry VIII, but bowed to objections in Spain that the marriage of her parents had been irregular. He married Isabella of Portugal instead. 1570, p. 1192; 1576, p. 1021; 1583, p. 1049.

Henry VIII, encouraged by Cardinal Wolsey, began to question the validity of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. He sought the advice of universities and learned men, but needed the assent of the pope and the emperor to a divorce. 1570, p. 1192; 1576, p. 1021; 1583, p. 1049.

After the Act of Supremacy, Henry VIII attempted to improve relations with other monarchs by sending ambassadors. Sir Thomas Wyatt was sent to Emperor Charles V. 1570, p. 1218; 1576, p. 1043; 1583, p. 1070.

The emperor and other princes requested Henry VIII to attend the council to be held at Mantua or to send delegates. Henry again refused, sending a protestation. 1570, pp. 1293-94; 1576, pp. 1106-08; 1583, pp. 1132-33.

Francois I of France and Emperor Charles V retained Robert Granceter, a condemned traitor, and refused to hand him over to Henry VIII. 1570, p. 1239; 1576, p. 1061; 1583, p. 1087.

Charles V requested of Edward VI that his cousin Mary Tudor be allowed to have the mass said in her house. The request was denied. 1563, p. 884; 1570, p. 1484; 1576, p. 1258; 1583, p. 1295.

Holy Roman Emperor (1500 - 1555) [H. Hillerbrand (ed.), The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation, 1996]

Stephen Gardiner was first sent to Rome and then to the emperor, with Edward Foxe, on behalf of Anne Bolyn in the matter of the king's divorce. 1570, p. 1951, 1576, p. 1679, 1583, p. 1785.

Cranmer's wife is mentioned as niece to the wife of Osiander. Cranmer was married while acting as the king's ambassador to Charles the emperor. 1563, p. 1478, 1570, p. 2045, 1576, p. 1763, 1583, p. 1870.

(1338 - 1380) [G. Holmes, Europe: Hierarchy and Revolt 1320-1450 (London, 1975) pp. 40-47]

King of France (1364 - 80); ruled from 1359 while his father was in captivity in England.

Charles V passed laws restricting papal power over the French church. 1570, p. 10; 1576, p. 8; 1583, p. 8.

(1368 - 1422) [G. Holmes, Europe: Hierarchy and Revolt 1320-1450 (London, 1975) pp. 240-8]

King of France (1380 - 1422); recognised Henry V of England as his heir in 1420

Charles VI passed laws restricting papal power over the French church. 1570, p. 10; 1576, p. 8; 1583, p. 8.

(1403 - 1461) [G. Holmes, Europe: Hierarchy and Revolt 1320-1450 (London, 1975) pp. 246-53]

King of France (1422 - 61) As dauphin, he set up a rival court at Bourges; crowned at Reims in 1429; entered Paris in 1436

He issued the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges in 1438, limiting the authority of the pope over the French clergy. 1570, p. 5, 1576, p. 4, 1583, p. 4.

Imperial ambassador; arrived on 2 January 1554 (1570, p. 1636; 1576, p. 1396; 1583, p. 1467).

[NB: Foxe calls him 'Countie de Lalen'. His name is taken from CSP Com. Mary I, p. 31].

C3 deacon of Alexandria under Dionysius

He was banished along with Dionysius under Valerian. 1570, p. 102; 1576, p. 72; 1583, p. 72.

Grocer. Of the City of London.

Chersey had a kinsman who was a priest and who spent more time in the alehouse than his church. This priest spoke against Cranmer in the alehouse one day. 1570, p. 2036, 1576, p. 1756, 1583, p. 1863.

(d. c. 754)

King of the Franks (743 - 51); last Merovingian king

Pippin the Short obtained Pope Zacharias's agreement to the title; Childeric was dethroned and tonsured on the orders of Pope Stephen II; placed in a monastery in 752

Boniface, archbishop of Mainz, on instruction from Pope Zacharias, authorised the deposition of King Childeric III of the Franks and confirmation of Pippin the Short as king. 1570, p. 172; 1576, p. 130; 1583, p. 129.

of Wye, Kent; bailiff errant

Chilten and Beare brought John Browne to Archbishop Warham in 1511. 1570, p. 1480; 1576, p. 1255; 1583, p. 1292.

fl. C4; bishop of Syracuse [Catholic Encyclopedia sub Syracuse]

Constantine wrote a letter to Chrestus, offering to pay his expenses and those of his companions, to attend a church synod. 1570, p. 141, 1576, p. 104, 1583, p. 103.

(d. 1558)

Martyr. Of Colchester.

Christian George was arrested for heresy and burned at Colchester on 26 May 1558. 1563, p. 1658, 1570, p. 2234, 1576, p. 1929, 1583, p. 2037.

(d. 1557)

Martyr. Of the archdeaconry of Lewes.

Christian Grove was accused and examined by Christopherson, Richard Briesly, Robert Tailor, Thomas Paccard, Anthony Clarke, and Alban Langdale. She was condemned and martyred at Chichester. 1563, p. 1634, 1570, p. 2220, 1576, p. 1815, 1583, p. 2023.

Of Colchester.

Christian Hare was arrested for heresy, but she submitted when examined. 1563, p. 1610, 1570, p. 2202, 1576, p. 1900, 1583, p. 2008.

[Not related to Sir Nicholas Hare.]

(1481 - 1559) King of Denmark and Norway (1513 - 23); king of Sweden (1520 - 21); deposed, imprisoned (1532 - 59)

Christian's daughter Dorothea was being conducted to her wedding at the time that William Tyndale was arrested. 1563, p. 516; 1570, p. 1228; 1576, p. 1051; 1583, p. 1078.

(1503 - 1559)

King of Denmark and Norway (1534 - 1559) [Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation, ed. Hans J. Hillerbrand (4 vols., Oxford, 1996).]

Throughout 1554, Christian III repeatedly requested that Mary release Miles Coverdale and send him to Denmark. Coverdale was released and deported to Denmark in February 1555. 1563, pp. 1081-83; 1570, pp. 1706-7; 1576, pp. 1456-57; 1583, pp. 1529-31.

1503 - 1559) King of Denmark (1534 - 59); King of Norway (1537 - 59); staunch Lutheran

Robert Barnes fled England and went to Germany, where he found favour with Luther, Melancthon, Bugenhagen, Justus Jonas, Hegendorph, Æpinus, the duke of Saxony and the king of Denmark, who sent him as ambassador to Henry VIII with a delegation from Luebeck. 1563, p. 603; 1570, p. 1366; 1576, p. 1165; 1583, p. 1194.

C9 monk of Corbie, biblical commentator, grammarian; taught at the abbey of Stavelot-Malmedy in Liège; wrote Expositio in Mattheum; confused with Druthmar by the printer of the 1514 edition [M. L. W. Laistner, 'A Ninth-century Commentator on the Gospel according to Matthew', Harvard Theological Review, vol. 20, no. 2 (1927), pp. 129-31]

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 1300; 1576, p. 1113; 1583, p. 1138.

Widow. Of Coggeshall, Essex.

Christian Pepper was one of 18 men and 4 women indicted for heresy in Colchester.1563, p. 1566 [recte 1578].

Christian Pepper was charged with heresy and delivered to John Kingston and then to Bonner. 1570, p. 2159, 1576, p. 1865, 1583, p. 1974.

She wrote a confession of faith and signed a submission agreeing to catholic teaching on the eucharist. 1570, p. 2159, 1576, p. 1865, 1583, p. 1974.

of Horkesley, Essex; wife of John, jr.; charged in 1532 with her husband and his family; in prison in Fulham in 1534 [Fines]

Christian Wily, her husband and his family abjured in 1532. She was charged, along with her sister-in-law, with eating meat broth on St Peter's Eve. 1570, p. 1191; 1576, p. 1019; 1583, p. 1048.

C9 monk of Corbie; wrote commentaries on the Gospels

Druthmarus lived and wrote in the time of Charlemagne. 1570, p. 1564; 1576, p. 1334; 1583, p. 1394.

Old man of Bocking, Essex. He and his wife charged in 1528 [Fines]

Christmas and his wife, along with others of Essex, abjured. 1570, p. 1190; 1576, p. 1019; 1583, p. 1047.

(1475 - 1560)

Bishop of St Pol-de-Leon (1521 - 54) [Gams]

The ambassador to France, Edward Fox, was given instructions by Henry VIII to distribute books declaring the justness of Henry's cause to the bishop of St Pol-de-Leon and other bishops and members of Francois I's council. 1570, p. 1220; 1576, p. 1044; 1583, p. 1071.

(1500 - 1540)

of Leipzig; German theologian, Greek scholar and protestant reformer; associate of Luther

Robert Barnes fled England and went to Germany, where he found favour with Luther, Melancthon, Bugenhagen, Justus Jonas, Hegendorph, Æpinus, the duke of Saxony and the king of Denmark. 1563, p. 603; 1570, p. 1366; 1576, p. 1165; 1583, p. 1194.

Servant to Sir Anthony Denny

When Bonner told Anne Askew that she should thank her friends for the favour he had shown her, Christopher told him he should have done it for God's sake rather than man's. 1563, p. 672; 1570, p. 1416; 1576, p. 1207; 1583, p. 1236.

(d. 904) [Kelly]

Cardinal-priest of St Damasus; antipope (September 903 - January 904).

He seized Pope Leo V, imprisoned him and took the papal chair in 903; he was displaced by Sergius III, imprisoned with Leo and executed by Sergius with Leo

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1563, p. 2.

Bookseller of Antwerp

Christopher was imprisoned for selling New Testaments in English to John Row and died there. 1570, p. 1188; 1576, p. 1017; 1583, p. 1045.

Martyr, probably C3;[Catholic Encyclopedia]

A Greek legend developed about his life c. C6, spread through France C9

Foxe depicts the traditional depictions of Christopher as fictional. 1570, p. 91; 1576, p. 63; 1583, p. 63.

Lawyer in the inns of court; cousin of Anne Askew [ODNB sub Anne Askew]

Christopher Brittayn visited Anne Askew in the Counter and sought to get her bailed. He went to the mayor, who sent him to the bishop's chancellor, who sent him to the bishop. 1563, p. 670; 1570, p. 1414; 1576, p. 1205; 1583, p. 1235.

After Anne Askew had been examined by Bonner and Wymmesley, Christopher Brittayn brought Edward Hall and others, and Bonner urged them, as her friends, to get her to speak fully. 1563, p. 671; 1570, p. 1415; 1576, p. 1205; 1583, p. 1235.

Once Anne Askew had written her confession of faith, Brittayn and Hugh Weston petitioned Bonner and at last she was released from prison, bailed under her sureties, Brittayn and Francis Spilman.1563, p. 671; 1570, p. 1415; 1576, p. 1205; 1583, p. 1235.

(d. 1558)

Martyr of unknown occupation. Of Maidstone, Kent.

Nicholas Harpsfield urged on Christopher Brown's condemnation, so that he could be burned before the death of Queen Mary. 1563, p. 1673, 1570, p. 2253, 1576, p. 1946, 1583, p. 2053.

Brown was burned at Canterbury in 1558. 1563, p. 1673, 1570, p. 2253, 1576, p. 1946, 1583, p. 2053.

[SP11/5, no. 34]

On 5 June 1555 the Privy Council ordered that Cary, John Dee, John Field and Benger should be examined about their confessions concerning the practice of conjuring. 1583, p. 1581.

On 7 June the privy council ordered that Cary, Dee, Field and Benger be examined again about conjuring and witchcraft. 1583, p. 1581.

On 29 August Dee and Cary were released on bond. 1583, p. 1581.

of Birbrook, Essex. He, his mother, 3 brothers and sister were troubled c. 1533 [Fines]

Christopher Choote, his mother, brothers and sister, along with others of Birbrook, abjured. 1570, p. 1190; 1576, p. 1019; 1583, p. 1047.

Lord of Mendlesham, Suffolk.

Seaman had three children and a wife, who was persecuted out of the town and all her goods were seized by Christopher Cole. 1563, p. 1655, 1570, p. 2232, 1576, p. 1927, 1583, p. 2035.

Augustinian friar of Cambridge; BA 1531, MA 1532; noted as a member of the White Horse circle [Fines]

Coleman, with other Cambridge scholars, was a member of the Augustinian house under Robert Barnes. 1563, p. 589; 1570, p. 1364; 1576, p. 1164; 1583, p. 1192.

of S Martin's at the Well with two buckets; one of 11 presented in 1541 for condemning church ceremonies [Fines]

Christopher Cootes was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1377; 1576, p. 1175; 1583, p. 1203.

Member of the quest (official heresy hearing in front of a commission)

Christopher Dare was an inquisitor of Anne Askew at her first examination at Sadler's Hall. 1563, p. 669; 1570, p. 1413; 1576, p. 1205; 1583, p. 1234.

Plumber of St Bride's in Fleet Street; presented in 1541 for saying that the eucharist was only representative [Fines]

Christopher Dray was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1378; 1576, p. 1176; 1583, p. 1204.

of Princes Risborough, Buckinghamshire

Christopher Erle was charged under the Six Articles with working on a holy day. 1570, p. 1382; 1576, p. 1179; 1583, p. 1207.

Servant to a goldsmith [Fines]

Christopher Fulman was charged in London in 1532 with receiving illicit books from George Constantine in Antwerp, bringing them to England and selling them. 1563, p. 419; 1570, p. 1189; 1576, p. 1018; 1583, p. 1046.

(1520? - 1603)

Puritan divine. Friend of Bartlett Green during Edward VI's reign. Exile under Mary. [DNB]

Bartlett Green wrote of his dealings with Christopher Goodman, with whom he had been friends during Edward's reign. 1563, p. 1459, 1570, p. 2022, 1576, pp. 1743-44, 1583, p. 1851.

Bartlett Green wrote a letter to Christopher Goodman that declared that the queen was not dead. It fell into the hands of some catholics. 1563, p. 1459, 1570, p. 2022, 1576, p. 1743, 1583, p. 1851.

of Tenterden, Kent; son of Agnes Grebill, witness against her; abjured 1511; given penance of bearing a faggot [N. P. Tanner in Lollardy and the Gentry in the Later Middle Ages, M. Aston and C. Richmond (eds.) (New York, 1997)]

Christopher Grebill was a witness against William Carder and Robert Harrison. 1570, p. 1454; 1576, p. 1240; 1583, p. 1276.

Christopher Grebill abjured in Kent in 1511. 1570, p. 1455; 1576, p. 1241; 1583, p. 1278.

Christopher was called to testify against his mother, which he did. She was condemned to death. 1570, p. 1454; 1576, p. 1240; 1583, p. 1276.

of Aldermanbury; charged with others in 1541 with supporting Robert Barnes and other preachers [Fines]

Christopher Holybread was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1379; 1576, p. 1176; 1583, p. 1205.

Lansdale was married to a very old woman and committed adultery with a younger woman who bore him two children who lived with him. 1570, p. 2303, 1576, p. 1994, 1583, p. 2103.

Foxe describes his character. 1570, p. 2303, 1576, p. 1994, 1583, p. 2103.

A sick man lay down in a ditch on Lansdale's land and died because Lansdale would not offer him shelter. Lansdale left him to rot in the ditch. The stench was so bad that his neighbours offered to move the man to another ditch (the man had desired this before he died), and one went to Lansdale's wife for a bundle of straw to lay him on. 1570, p. 2303, 1576, p. 1994, 1583, p. 2104.

Christopher Lansdale had promised Master Searles that he would assist the poor man in the ditch but did not in fact help him. 1570, p. 2303, 1576, p. 1994, 1583, p. 2104.

Lansdale fell from his horse into a ditch and died. 1570, p. 2303, 1576, p. 1994, 1583, p. 2104.

(d. 1556)

Husbandman. Martyr. Of Dagenham.

Christopher Lyster was delivered to John Kingstone, bachelor of civil law, and then commissory to Gardiner, by the earl of Oxford on 28 March 1556. 1563, p. 1517, 1570, p. 2089, 1576, p. 1802, 1583, p. 1909.

Articles were brought against him which he answered. 1563, p. 1517, 1570, pp. 2089-90, 1576, pp. 1802-03, 1583, p. 1909.

He was burned at Colchester on 28 April 1556. 1563, p. 1518, 1570, p. 2089, 1576, p. 1802, 1583, p. 1909.

(d. 1570) [Fasti]

Archdeacon of Cleveland, York (1564 - 1570)

Christopher Malton was a deponent in the case of Stephen Gardiner. 1563, pp. 849-50.

(d. 1551)

Lawyer; Royal Commissioner (1547) [DNB]

Nevinson recommended Edmund Farley to Robert Ferrar. 1563, p. 1088; 1583, p. 1546.

(d. 1551) [ODNB]

Civil lawyer and Benedictine monk; king's commissioner

Christopher Nevinson was a member of the king's commission that attempted to administer an oath to Bishop Bonner and the clergy of St Paul's and that gave Bonner a list of injunctions. 1563, p. 689; 1570, p. 1501; 1576, pp. 1272-73; 1583, p. 1309.

Henry Holbeach, Richard Coxe, Simon Haynes, Richard Morison and Christopher Nevinson, king's visitors, were present at the disputations at Oxford in 1549 with Peter Martyr. 1570, pp. 1552; 1576, p. 1323; 1583, p. 1373.

Christopher Parker persecuted Richard Woodman. 1563, p. 1730, 1576, p. 2002, 1583, p. 2113.

Parker bound his own hands and cast himself into a pond and drowned at Herstonceaux, Sussex on 8 September 1575. 1563, p. 1730, 1576, p. 2002, 1583, p. 2113.

[Alias Parker the Wild.]

Tailor of Witham, Essex; persecuted in London 1511 and abjured; continued sheltering heretics; denounced in 1528 [Fines]

Christopher Ravins sheltered those in trouble with the authorities for a long time. He, his wife and servants abjured. 1563, p. 419; 1570, p. 1190; 1576, p. 1019; 1583, p. 1047.

of St Magnus's parish; charged with 10 others in 1541 for supporting preachers of the new learning [Fines]

Christopher Smith was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1377; 1576, p. 1175; 1583, p. 1203.

of Ridgewell, Essex; accused with his 2 brothers, mother and 2 sisters in 1525 [Fines sub Agnes Smith]

Christopher Smith, his mother, brothers and sisters, with many from Essex, abjured. 1570, p. 1190; 1576, p. 1019; 1583, p. 1047.

of Aldermanbury; charged with others in 1541 with supporting Robert Barnes and other preachers [Fines]

Christopher Townesend was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1379; 1576, p. 1176; 1583, p. 1205.

Linen weaver. Of Dartford. Martyr.

Articles were brought against Christopher Wade and he gave answers.1570, p. 1859, 1576, p. 1591, 1583, p. 1678.

He was condemned '26 July' but this is referred to as occuring the day after the condemnation of Bland, Sheterden and Middleton, which was on 25 June. 1570, p. 1859,1576, p. 1591, 1583, p. 1678.

Foxe recounts Wade's martydom. 1576, p. 1600, 1583, pp. 1679-80.

(d. c. 406/07) [Catholic Encyclopedia; Gams]

Theologian; bishop of Aquileia (c. 388 - 407); correspondent of St Ambrose, St Jerome, Rufinus

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, pp. 11, 42; 1576, pp. 8, 34; 1583, pp. 8, 34.

(fl. c. 700 - 718) [ODNB]

Daughter of King Coenred of Wessex; sister of King Ine

Married King Aldfrith of Northumbria; separated; supposed abbess of Wimborne

She is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 177; 1576, p. 134; 1583, p. 133.

of St Alban's parish; charged in 1541 for despising holy bread and holy water

Cicely Marshall was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1376; 1576, p. 1174; 1583, p. 1203.

(1525? - 1557)

Martyr. Wife of Edmund Ormes, worsted-weaver. Of St Laurence's parish, Norwich, but born in East Dereham. Daughter of Thomas Haund, tailor.

Cicely Ormes was taken at the death of Simon Miller and Elizabeth Cooper, for saying that she would pledge them of the same cup that they drank on. 1563, p. 1618, 1570, p. 2219, 1576, p. 1915, 1583, p. 2023.

John Corbet of Sprouston, Norwich, overheard Ormes show her confessional allegiance with Simon Miller and Elizabeth Cooper and took her to Dunning. 1563, p. 1618, 1570, p. 2219, 1576, p. 1916, 1583, p. 2023.

On 23 July 1557 she was called before Dunning and Brydges, at which time she was condemned. 1563, p. 1618, 1570, p. 2219, 1576, p. 1915, 1583, p. 2023.

She was delivered to the secular power of the sheriffs, Thomas Sutherton and Leonard Sutherton (brothers), who took her to the Guildhall, where she remained until her death. 1563, p. 1618, 1570, p. 2219, 1576, p. 1915, 1583, p. 2023.

She was taken on 5 July and twelve months before her death had recanted, but then withdrew her recantation. 1563, p. 1618, 1570, p. 2219, 1576, p. 1915, 1583, p. 2023.

Ormes wrote to Dunning about her recantation. 1563, p. 1618, 1570, p. 2219, 1576, p. 1915, 1583, p. 2023.

The two Norwich sheriffs witnessed her final words and death. 1563, p. 1618, 1570, p. 2219, 1576, p. 1916, 1583, p. 2023.

Foxe describes her behaviour at her death. 1563, p. 1619, 1570, p. 2219, 1576, p. 1916, 1583, p. 2023.

She was burned at Norwich on 23 September 1557. 1563, p. 1619, 1570, p. 2219, 1576, p. 1916, 1583, p. 2023.

Cicely Preston was examined by Draycot and Bayne and later dismissed. 1563, p. 1548, 1570, p. 2141, 1576, p. 1861, 1583, p. 1955.

Spinster. Of Coggeshall, Essex.

Warren was one of 18 men and 4 women indicted for heresy in Colchester.1563, p. 1566 [recte 1578].

Cicley Warren was charged with heresy and delivered to John Kingston and then to Bonner. 1570, p. 2159, 1576, p. 1865, 1583, p. 1974.

She wrote a confession of faith and signed a submission agreeing to catholic teaching on the eucharist. 1570, p. 2159, 1576, p. 1865, 1583, p. 1974.

Martyrs in Colonia under Decius, according to Bede.

They are mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 92; 1576, p. 64; 1583, p. 64.

(supp. fl. C6) [ODNB sub Kings of the South Saxons]

Said to be one of the three sons of Aelle, king of the South Saxons, who stormed a Roman fort with their father

Cissa was said to have founded Chichester. 1570, p. 149; 1576, p. 111; 1583, p. 110.

Clarke was a catholic who hanged himself in the Tower of London. 1570, p. 2303, 1576, p. 1994, 1583, p. 2103.

(1495 - 1552) French admiral; ambassador of France; governor of Normandy

When Claude d'Annebault went to see Henry VIII at Hampton Court, lavish entertainment was laid on for him, but he was recalled before he had received half of it. During the course of the banquet, he had private conversation with the king and Archbishop Cranmer about the reform of religion in the two countries. 1570, p. 1426; 1576, p. 1215; 1583, p. 1245.

Henry VIII expressed his intention to Thomas Cranmer and Claude d'Annebault to complete the reform of religion in England. 1570, p. 1478; 1576, p. 1254; 1583, p. 1291.

Foxe simply mentions Claude de Asses in the context of his condemning a man to death, after which he died of apoplexy in the act of fornicating with one of his servants (1570, p. 2310, 1576, p. 2000, 1583, p. 2109).

Legendary wife of Philippus, governor of Alexandria C3

Foxe gives the story of Philippus and his daughter Eugenia as related by later historians, but believes it to be untrue. 1570, pp. 104-05; 1576, pp. 73-74; 1583, pp. 73-74.

Supposed illegitimate daughter of Claudius repudiated by him

She is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 114; 1576, p. 82; 1583, p. 81.

Christian husband and wife imprisoned c. 262; reputed martyrs

Claudianus and Bossa were imprisoned for three years. 1570, p. 104; 1576, p. 74; 1583, p. 74.

Governor under Emperor Severus (r. 193 - 211)

Claudius took part in the persecution of the Christians under Severus. 1570, p. 79; 1576, p. 54; 1583, p. 54.

Governor in Italy under Valerian

Claudius commanded the execution of Pontius. 1570, p. 104; 1576, p. 73; 1583, p. 73.

He died biting his tongue. 1570, p. 105; 1576, p. 75; 1583, p. 74.

(10 BCE - 54 CE) [G. G. Fagan www.roman-emperors.org]

Roman emperor (41 - 54 CE)

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, pp. 38, 42, 114; 1576, pp. 30, 34, 82; 1583, pp. 30, 34, 81.

C2 bishop of Hierapolis [Catholic Encyclopedia sub Montanists]

Claudius Apollinaris defended the Christians in writing to Marcus Aurelius. 1570, p. 75; 1576, p. 50; 1583, p. 50.

(c. 213/14 - 270) [R. D. Weigel www.roman-emperors.org]

Roman emperor (268 - 70); defeated invasion of Goths

The reign of Claudius was generally felt to have been a peaceful one for Christians. 1570, p. 106; 1576, p. 76; 1583, p. 75.

Early C4 martyrs with Marcellinus the bishop

They are mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 129; 1576, p. 93; 1583, p. 92.

Keeper at the Counter where Bradford was imprisoned.

After Weston left Bradford on 5 April, the keeper, Master Claydon, and Steven Bech came to Bradford and spoken unkindly to Bradford even though they had hitherto appeared to be friendly to him. 1570, p. 1802, 1576, pp. 1538-39, 1583, pp. 1621-22.

(d. c. 1527) [Emden]

MA Oxford, BTh Oxford by 1493; DTh by 1512; vicar of St Mary's, Oxford 1488; rector of Brabourne, Kent, 1512; rector of St Mary Aldermary, London, (1521 - 26), retired due to paralysis; rector of Biddenden, Kent (1526 - 27); preached at Warham's visitation of Canterbury in 1511

William Carder, Agnes Grebill and Robert Harrison were tried for heresy in 1511 before William Warham, Cuthbert Tunstall, Gabriel Sylvester, Thomas Wells and Clement Browne. All three were condemned to burn. 1570, pp. 1454-55; 1576, p. 1240; 1583, pp. 1276-77.

Pope (c. 91 - c. 101) [Kelly]

Leading spokesman of the Christian community at Rome; author of First Epistle of Clement

Clement was banished by Trajan. Later authors recorded that he performed a miracle and was afterward cast into the sea with a millstone around his neck. 1576, p. 38; 1583, p. 38.

(d. 1047) [Kelly]

Bishop of Bamberg (1040 - 47); pope (1046 - 47)

Nominated pope by King of the Germans Henry III; Clement crowned him emperor. Clement was a reforming pope; it was suspected at the time of his death that he had been poisoned by Benedict IX

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1563, p. 11.

(d. c. 215) [Catholic Encyclopedia]

Greek Christian scholar, theologian; head of the catechetical school of Alexandria; convert to Christianity. Wrote Exhortation, The Tutor, and The Miscellanies

He is described as a man of notable learning, a large number of whose books had been lost. 1570, p. 79; 1576, p. 54; 1583, p. 53.

Clement agreed that the apostles Paul, Philip and Peter were married. 1570, p. 1318; 1576, p. 1127; 1583, p. 1152.

(d. 1540) [Lisle Letters]

Gentleman servant to Lord Lisle (Arthur Plantagenet) in Calais; part of the Botolf conspiracy; turned king's evidence; hanged, drawn and quartered for treason at Tyburn

Clement Philpot made accusations of treason in Calais, but was later sent to England and executed for treason. 1563, p. 665; 1570, p. 1404; 1576, p. 1197; 1583, p. 1226.

Clement Philpot was one of those listed by Nicholas Harpsfield as Catholic martyrs. 1570, p. 1385; 1576, p. 1181; 1583, p. 1210.

(by 1515 - 1573)

Cousin of Catherine Parr, client of Lord Rich, MP [1542, 1545, 1547, 1553, 1559, 1563, 1571, 1572], Constable of Kenilworth castle (1553 - 1573) [Bindoff, Commons].

Thomas Hawkes instructed his wife to entrust their eldest son to Clement Throckmorton?s care. 1563, p. 1160; 1570, p. 1768; 1576, p. 1510; 1583, p. 1594

Hawkes wrote to Throckmorton entrusting his eldest son to Throckmorton?s care. 1570, p. 1769; 1576, pp. 1510-11; 1583, p. 1594

[Clement Throckmorton was the father of Job Throckmorton, the puritan MP and author].

(c. 1260 - 1314) [Kelly]

Frenchman; studied canon and civil law at Toulouse, Orleans and Bologna. Papal chaplain; bishop of Comminges 1295; archbishop of Bordeaux 1299. Pope (1305 - 14); settled the papal court in Avignon

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 2, 1576, p. 2, 1583, p. 2.

(1479 - 1534) [Kelly]

Illegitimate son of Giuliano de Medici; b. Florence

Archbishop of Florence 1513; cardinal 1513; vice-chancellor 1517; governed Florence from 1519

Pope (1523 - 34); cousin of Pope Leo X

The indulgences granted by Pope Leo X to the guild of Our Lady at Boston had been granted previously by Innocent VIII and Julius II and were later renewed by Clement VII. Further indulgences granted by Nicholas V, Pius II and Sixtus IV were also renewed by Clement at the request of Henry VIII. 1570, p. 1347; 1576, p. 1150; 1583, p. 1178.

After Francois I was released from captivity in Spain, Clement VII released him from his oath, fearing the power of the emperor in Italy. He contracted an alliance with the Venetians and other princes. 1570, p. 1122; 1576, p. 961; 1583, p. 987.

Clement was captured by the duke of Bourbon when he sacked Rome in 1527. 1570, p. 1122; 1576, p. 961; 1583, p. 987.

He was besieged in the Castello Sant'Angelo after taking refuge there with many cardinals. He surrendered in July and was able to issue bulls, but was kept imprisoned in the fortress for six months. 1570, p. 1123; 1576, p. 961; 1583, p. 988.

Henry VIII, encouraged by Cardinal Wolsey, began to question the validity of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. He sought the advice of universities and learned men, but needed the assent of the pope and the emperor to a divorce. 1570, p. 1192; 1576, p. 1021; 1583, p. 1049.

Stephen Gardiner was sent as ambassador to Rome by Henry VIII during the time of Clement VII to deal with the matter of the king's divorce and to promote Thomas Wolsey as pope. 1570, pp. 1125-28, 1193; 1576, pp. 963-66, 1021; 1583, pp. 990-92, 1049.

Thanks to the influence of Lorenzo Pucci and other cardinals, Clement VII initially viewed the proposed divorce between Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon favourably. 1570, p. 1457; 1576, p. 1242; 1583, p. 1279.

Clement sent Cardinal Campeggi as legate to England to join with Cardinal Wolsey to consider the matter of the king's divorce. 1570, p. 1193; 1576, p. 1021; 1583, p. 1049.

Clement pronounced a sentence definitive against Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon. 1570, pp. 1458-59; 1576, p. 1243; 1583, p. 1280.

Father of Simeon of Jerusalem; legendary brother of Christ [Catholic Encyclopedia]

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 66; 1576, p. 40; 1583, p. 40.

According to Jacobus Philippus Bergomensis, Clepidus was the governor of Rome under Hadrian. He put to death St Sabina and Seraphia of Antioch. 1570, p. 65; 1576, p. 40; 1583, p. 40.

Of Boscombe, Wiltshire.

Master Clifford of Boscombe in Wiltshire told the high sheriff, his father-in-law Anthony Hungerford, not to meddle in the persecution of Richard White and John Hunt. 1570, p. 2254, 1576, p. 1947, 1583, p. 2054.

In the 1563 edition, Foxe recounts this episode but calls the high sheriff 'master Clifford', father of master Clifford of Boscombe. He was then succeeded as sheriff by Sir 'Walter' Hungerford.1563, p. 1702.

[Son-in-law of Sir Anthony Hungerford.]

In the 1563 edition only, Foxe identifies the high sheriff as Master Clifford , father of Master Clifford of Boscombe in Wiltshire, the high sheriff told not to meddle in the persecution of Richard White and John Hunt. 1563, p. 1702. 1563, p. 1702.

Later editions recount this episode but identify the high sheriff as Sir Anthony Hungerford, father-in-law of master Clifford of Boscombe. 1570, p. 2254, 1576, p. 1947, 1583, p. 2054.

(d. 1549) Brother-in-law of Matthew White of Staxton, North Yorkshire

William Ombler, Thomas Dale, Henry Barton and Robert Dale took Matthew White, Clopton, Savage and Berry, murdered them, stripped their bodies and left them in a field. Matthew White's and Savage's wives had them buried. 1570, p. 1500; 1576, p. 1272; 1583, p. 1309.

(c. 466 - 511)

First king of the consolidated Franks; converted to Roman Catholicism

Clovis called a synod of 33 bishops at Orleans. 1570, p. 9, 1576, p. 7, 1583, p. 7.

(d. 1035) [ODNB]

King of England (1017 - 35), king of Denmark and Norway; invaded England in 1015

Son of Swein Forkbeard, king of England and Denmark.

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 10, 1576, p. 8, 1583, p. 8.

A lawyer. Of Sturry.

Around 28 June Bland returned to Collins, where he proceeded against Bland before Master Cockes of Sturray and Markes the apparitor. 1563, p. 1223, 1570, p. 1847, 1576, p. 1581, 1583, p. 1668.

Master Cockes was called to make Bland give answer on his beliefs in accordance with the law. 1563, p. 1225, 1570, p. 1849, 1576, p. 1582, 1583, p. 1670.

Legendary king of Colchester [ODNB sub Helena]

According to Henry of Huntingdon, the father of St Helena

Coel was said to have founded Colchester and to have been the father of Lucius, the legendary king of Britain during the Roman occupation. 1570, p. 146; 1576, p. 108; 1583, p. 107.

(d. 716) [ODNB]

Son of Aethelred of Mercia

King of the Mercians (709 - 16)

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 150; 1576, p. 112; 1583, p. 111.

(d. after 709) [ODNB]

Son of Wulfhere; succeeded his uncle Æthelred

King of the Mercians (704 - 09); resigned to go on pilgrimage to Rome; became a monk there

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 150; 1576, p. 112; 1583, p. 111.

Chief of the pagan priests of King Eadwine of Northumbria; he urged Eadwine to accept Christianity if it seemed better and more powerful [ODNB sub Eadwine]

After Eadwine's conversion, Coifi profaned his own shrines and destroyed the idols. 1570, p. 162; 1576, p. 122; 1583, p. 121.

Of St Peter's Port, Guernsey.

Collas de Loutre was a woman who went with Vincent Gosset to retrieve a stolen cup from Perotine Massey. 1563, p. 1542, 1570, p. 2127, 1576, p. 1849, 1583, p. 1943.

(d. 676) [ODNB]

Irish monk from Iona; succeeded Finán in 661 as abbot of Lindisfarne and bishop of the Northumbrians

After the Synod of Whitby, he left first for Iona and then went to Inishbofin, an island off the coast of Ireland, eventually moving to a new foundation at Mayo.

Ádán, Finán and his successor Colmán held to the Irish method of calculating the date of Easter. 1570, p. 164; 1576, p. 124; 1583, p. 122.

Colmán was asked by King Oswiu to be spokesman for the Irish position at the Synod of Whitby in 664. The king decided for the Roman position, and Colmán retired to Ireland, taking the bones of Ádán with him. 1570, pp. 165-66; 1576, pp. 124-25; 1583, pp. 123-24.

(c. 521 - 597) [ODNB]

Irish nobleman; scholar and ascetic; monastic founder at Iona; left Ireland for Scotland in 563

Columba was cited by Colán, bishop of Northumbria, in support of the Irish position on the calculation of the date of Easter at the Synod of Whitby in 664. 1570, p. 165; 1576, p. 125; 1583, p. 123.

Friar; doctor of divinity of Orleans

Steven of Arras and Colyman, friars and doctors of divinity at Orleans, recruited a novice to hide and pretend to be the spirit of the mayor's deceased wife and signal that she was damned because of Luther's heresy. The mayor complained to the king, and the two friars were tried by the parlament of Paris and found guilty when the novice confessed. They were returned to Orleans and imprisoned, but were eventually released because of popular feeling. 1570, p. 1479; 1576, pp. 1254-55; 1583, p. 1292.

(161 - 192) [D. Quinn www.roman-emperors.org]

Son of Marcus Aurelius; co-emperor with his father (178 - 80)

Roman emperor (180 - 192); murdered

Commodus caused difficulties for the senate, but was not a persecutor of Christians. 1570, pp. 39, 75; 1576, pp. 31, 51; 1583, pp. 31, 51.

Legendary C5 leader of British settlement in Brittany

He was supposed to have sent for 11,000 virgins, one of whom was St Ursula. 1570, p. 148; 1576, p. 109; 1583, p. 108.

Minister of Spoleto mentioned by Usuard and Vincentius; early Christian martyr

Concordus was beheaded for refusing to sacrifice to Jupiter. 1570, p. 68; 1576, p. 45; 1583, p. 45.

Female prisoner in Newgate (debtor?)

In a letter Bartlett Green states that Coningham and Alice Alexander may be innocent and so prove honest. 1563, p. 1466. 1570, p. 2028, 1576, p. 1747, 1583, p. 1856.

(d. 687) [Kelly]

Pope (686 - 87)

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 5, 1576, p. 4, 1583, p. 4.

(1491 - 1563) German jurist; wrote on insurrections and revolts

Conrad Brunus wrote a preface to a work against Hussites and Lutherans by Johann Cochlaeus. In the preface Brunus hurled insults at protestants. 1570, p. 1440; 1576, p. 1228; 1583, p. 1258.

or Gessner (1516 - 1565)

Swiss naturalist, doctor and bibliographer [Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation, Hans J. Hillerbrand (ed.) (4 vols., Oxford, 1996)].

Gesner was the author of a poem in praise of John Hooper which is printed in 1563, p. 1064; 1570, p. 1684; 1576, pp. 1438-39; 1583, p. 1511.

(d. 918); duke of Franconia

King of East Francia (911 - 18); elected successor of Carolingian Louis the Child, his uncle

The empire was translated to the Germans with the accession of Conrad. 1570, p. 175; 1576, p. 132; 1583, p. 131.

(d. 411) [ODNB sub Constantine III]

Son of Constantine III; monk at the time of his father's succession; appointed his father's caesar in 408; led army in Spain; promoted to augustus in 409, but the soldiers rebelled; killed by Gerontius in Vienne

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, pp. 147, 152; 1576, pp. 109, 113; 1583, pp. 108, 112.

(d. c. 330) [H. A. Pohlsander www.roman-emperors.org]

Daughter of Constantius I Chlorus; half-sister of Constantine I

Married Emperor Licinius c. 313; Lucinius was defeated by Constantine, who promised Constantia he would spare Lucinius

Constantine had Licinius executed in 325 and had her only son executed in 326; she remained at Constantine's court thereafter

Initially Constantine and Licinius were on good terms, and Constantine gave Lucinius his sister in marriage. 1570, p. 122; 1576, p. 88; 1583, p. 87.

(d. 605) [L. Garland www.roman-emperors.org]

Roman empress (582 - 602). Daughter of Emperor Tiberius Constantine; married Maurice in 582. Her five sons and her husband were executed in 602; she and her three daughters were sent to a monastery and were killed in 605

Gregory I wrote to Constantine, complaining about John IV Nesteutes taking the title of universal patriarch. 1570, p. 16, 1576, p. 13, 1583, p. 13.

(d. 715) [Kelly]

Pope (708 - 15); received as pilgrims King Coenred of Mercia and King Offa of the East Saxons; both became monks

Was in conflict with the monothelite eastern emperors

Popes Gregory II, Gregory III, Zacharias and Constantine were in conflict with the eastern emperors Philippicus Bardanes and Leo III. 1570, p. 172; 1576, p. 130; 1583, p. 129.

(271x273 - 337) [H. A. Pohlsander www.roman-emperors.org]

Roman emperor in the West (306 - 37); defeated Maxentius, rival emperor, in 312

Sole Roman emperor (324 - 37)

Constantine took three legions with him out of Britain, thereby weakening its defence. 1570, p. 148; 1576, p. 109; 1583, p. 108.

Maximian plotted to have Constantine killed; the plot was detected by Fausta, Constantine's wife and daughter of Maximian. 1570, p. 118; 1576, p. 85; 1583, p. 84.

The citizens and senators of Rome appealed to Constantine to rid them of Maxentius. 1570, p. 118; 1576, p. 85; 1583, p. 84.

Constantine, preparing for battle against Maxentius and fearing his magical powers, saw the sign of a cross in the sky. He then had a dream with a vision of the cross and of Christ. He took a cross into battle with him as a standard and defeated Maxentius at Milvian Bridge. 1570, p. 119; 1576, p. 86; 1583, p. 85.

After the defeat of Maxentius, Constantine no longer sacrificed to the Roman gods, but he deferred baptism to his old age. He issued edicts restoring church goods and bringing Christians back from exile. 1570, pp. 139-41; 1576, pp. 103-04; 1583, pp. 101-03.

Constantine wrote to Anulinus, his proconsul in Africa, instructing him to restore goods to the Christian churches and to ensure that Christian ministers were freed from public duties. 1570, p. 141, 1576, p. 104, 1583, p. 103.

Constantine wrote to Pope Miltiades, instructing him to set up a synod to examine the cause of Cæcilian of Carthage, and sent letters to other bishops, issuing instructions and encouraging the ending of schisms. 1570, p. 141, 1576, p. 104, 1583, p. 103.

Initially Constantine and Licinius were on good terms, and Constantine gave Lucinius his sister in marriage. 1570, p. 122; 1576, p. 88; 1583, p. 87.

Licinius and Constantine issued a joint edict authorising freedom of worship for Christians. But Licinius began to turn against Constantine and the Christians, instigating a new, more surreptitious persecution. 1570, pp. 120-21, 122; 1576, pp. 86-87, 88; 1583, p. 86, 87.

Constantine defeated Licinius. 1570, p. 39; 1576, p. 31; 1583, p. 31.

He wrote to Alexander of Alexandria and Arius, urging them to end their disagreement. 1570, p. 142, 1576, p. 104, 1583, p. 103.

Constantine built churches and schools and provided books of scripture. 1570, pp. 142-43, 1576, p. 105, 1583, pp. 103-04.

Constantine wrote a letter to Shapur II, asking him to treat the Christians in Persia well. 1570, p. 137; 1576, p. 100; 1583, p. 99.

Constantine renounced the Roman gods and was baptised. 1563, p. 8.

Constantine fulfilled St Cyprian's vision of a time of peace for the church. 1570, p. 144; 1576, p. 106; 1583, p. 105.

(d. 768 or later) [Kelly]

Brother of Duke Toto of Nepi; layman

Antipope (767 - 68); deposed; blinded by the Lombards while prisoner in the monastery of San Saba

Constantine's deposition and blindness are mentioned by Foxe, who describes him as the brother of Desiderius. Constantine's successor, Stephen III, decreed that thereafter no layman should be pope. 1570, p. 174; 1576, p. 131; 1583, p. 130.

(d. 411) [ODNB; H. Elton, www.roman-emperors.org]

Proclaimed emperor in Britain (407 - 11) to replace Gratian; ruled Britain, Gaul and Spain; surrendered and executed

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 47; 1576, p. 109; 1583, p. 108.

(c. 650 - 685) [R. S. Moore www.roman-emperors.org]

Reigned as co-emperor with his father Constans II 654; Constans died in 668. Co-emperor then with his two brothers; he removed his brothers and had their noses slit. Co-emperor with his son Justinian II

Successfully defended Constantinople from Arab attacks.

Sabellico and Platina recorded that Constantine IV decreed that bishops of Rome were to be chosen by the clergy and people, not by the emperor. 1570, p. 5, 1576, p. 4, 1583, p. 4.

Pope Agatho applied to the emperor at Constantinople to have his election approved before being consecrated. 1563, p. 620; 1570, p. 1209; 1576, p. 1035; 1583, p. 1062.

(718 - 775) [S. Tougher, www.roman-emperors.org]

Son of emperor Leo III; crowned by his father in 720

Byzantine emperor (741 - 75); iconoclast; persecuted monks

Constantine was excommunicated by Pope Paul I for breaking images. 1570, p. 174; 1576, p. 131; 1583, p. 130.

Empress Irene had Pope Adrian exhume the body of Constantine Copronymus and burn it. She had the ashes thrown into the sea because Constantine had opposed the adoration of images. 1570, p. 176; 1576, p. 133; 1583, p. 132.

(d. 797) [L. Garland www.roman-emperors.org]

Only child of emperor Leo IV and Irene; co-emperor with Leo (776 - 80)

Byzantine emperor (780 - 97x805) (sole power from 790, although Irene ruled); blinded in 797 by Irene's supporters

Constantine was imprisoned by his mother, Irene. She then had him blinded, and he died shortly after. 1570, p. 176; 1576, p. 133; 1583, p. 132.

(c. 250 - 306) [ODNB; M. DiMaio www.roman-emperors.org]

Caesar of Maximian in the West (293 - 305); Roman emperor in the West (305 - 06); died in York

Father of Constantine I

Constantius was sent to Britain to collect tribute. 1570, p. 109; 1576, p. 78; 1583, p. 77.

Constantius behaved favourably towards Christians. 1570, p. 114; 1576, p. 82; 1583, p. 81.

Debtor in Newgate prison.

Bartlett Green asked William Fleetwood to remember Cooke and commended his character. 1563, p. 1466, 1570, p. 2028, 1576, p. 1747, 1583, p. 1855.

Friend of Thomas Sommers

When Thomas Sommers was made to ride from the Tower into Cheapside with his books hanging about him, he was meant to ride on a collier's nag. His friend Copland brought him a fine gelding to ride instead. 1570, p. 1381; 1576, p. 1178; 1583, p. 1207.

(d. 253) [Kelly]

Pope (251 - 53); opposed by antipope Novatian

Favoured the readmission after penance of Christians who had lapsed during persecution; exiled to Civita Vecchia in 252

Novatian set himself up in opposition to Cornelius, but some of his chief supporters returned to the obedience of Cornelius. Cornelius was supported by Cyprian of Carthage and by Fabius of Antioch. 1570, pp. 84, 93; 1576, pp. 58, 65; 1583, pp. 58, 64.

During his exile at Civita Vecchia, Cornelius corresponded with Cyprian of Carthage. Foxe says Decius had Cornelius beaten for this [Decius died in 251]. 1570, p. 93; 1576, p. 65; 1583, p. 65.

(1486 - 1535)

Knight, doctor and, by common reputation, a magician. Of Nettesham. [Catholic Encyclopedia]

Cornelius Agrippa met with Cranmer on Cranmer's visit to the continent to visit the emperor. He dared not express his opinions of the king's marriage because he feared King Henry VIII and the emperor. 1563, p. 1471, 1570, p. 2035, 1576, p. 1755, 1583, p. 1861.

(d. 1555)

Capper. Martyr. Of Coventry.

Cornelius Bungey was condemned by Ralph Bayne, bishop of Coventry. Foxe records the articles against him and his answers. 1563, pp. 1282-83, 1570, p. 1890, 1576, p. 1619, 1583, p. 1714.

He was burned with Robert Glover, 19 September 1555. 1563, pp. 1282-83, 1570, p. 1890, 1576, p. 1619, 1583, p. 1714.

[Foxe also refers to him by the variants: 'Bungay', 'Bongey'.]

(d. 1555)

Tanner.

Cornwall was one of John Bland's fellow prisoners who Foxe claims was secretly killed in Westgate prison. 1563, p. 1224, 1570, p. 1848, 1576, p. 1581, 1583, p. 1669.

Minister. Of Stoke, Suffolk.

Cotes tried to force his parishioners to receive the eucharist. 1563, p. 1698, 1570, p. 2277, 1576, p. 1966, 1583, p. 2074.

Of the Temple.

Green was beaten and scourged by Bonner. He later told Cotten of the Temple about it. 1570, p. 2027, 1576, p. 1747, 1583, p. 1855.

An apostate.

Cox was a protestant under Edward but converted under Mary. 1570, p. 2300, 1576, p. 1992, 1583, p. 2101.

William Living was visited by Cox the promoter in the company of John Launce of the Greyhound Inn. 1563, p. 1673, 1570, p. 2265, 1576, p. 1956, 1583, p. 2063.

Cox died suddenly in his bed. 1570, p. 2300, 1576, p. 1992, 1583, p. 2101.

[Not to be confused with Richard Cox, the bishop of Ely.]

Calais spear; servant to Lord Lisle [Lisle Letters, p. 214]

Lord Lisle's servant, Cranwell, was sent to remove the notice of interdict of the king and realm posted at the pope's command on the door of the church at Dunkirk. He removed it and brought it back whole to Lord Lisle. 1570, p. 1200; 1576, p. 1027; 1583, p. 1055.

Peripatetic philosopher of Mytilene, contemporary of Cicero

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 22; 1576, p. 18 1583, p. 18.

(d. c. 593) king of Mercia late C6

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 150; 1576, p. 112; 1583, p. 111.

C2 Cynic philosopher; persecutor of Justin Martyr, who refuted him [Catholic Encyclopedia sub Justin Martyr]

After his baptism, Justin Martyr went to Rome and disputed with Crescens. 1570, p. 73; 1576, p. 49; 1583, p. 49.

Justin Martyr opposed Crescens in his Apology to the emperor. 1570, pp. 46-47; 1576, pp. 44-45; 1583, pp. 44-45.

Legendary son of Symphorissa; martyr

Crescens was racked and stabbed in the neck. 1570, p. 69; 1576, p. 46; 1583, pp. 45-46.

Of Waltham. [See Lambeth Palace Library MS 4 iii no. 5965 for Cranmer's itinerary that took him to Cressey's house at Lambeth.]. Relatives of Cranmer's wife.

Cranmer went to Mr Cressey's house at Waltham Abbey during the summer plague season. Cranmer's wife was a relative of Cressey. 1570, p. 2033 1576, p. 1754, 1583, p. 1860.

Crooke was a witness against Cranmer. 1570, p. 2056, 1576, p. 1772, 1583, p. 1879.

C4 martyr in Barcelona

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 192; 1576, p. 93; 1583, p. 92.

This is Thomas Culpepper, a participant in Wyatt's Rebellion (see APC IV, pp. 306, 307 and 416).

Foxe records his being sent to the Tower, (1570, p. 1637; 1576, p. 1397; and 1583, p. 1467).

(d. c. 757) [ODNB sub Sigeberht]

West Saxon ealdorman who supported King Sigeberht but was eventually killed by him; his death was avenged by a swineherd who killed the king

When Cumbra urged Sigeberht to treat his subjects with more consideration, the king had him killed. 1570, p. 172; 1576, p. 130; 1583, p. 129.

[Very probably James Curthroppe, Oxford MA and Fellow of Corpus Christi, who was Dean of Peterborough from 1549 until his death in 1557. See Foster, Fasti]

Curtop is listed among those who disputed with Ridley (1570, p. 1606; 1576, p. 1371; and 1583, p. 1441).

[NB: A 'maister Cartor' is listed in a similar list on 1563, p. 934. Probably Foxe corrected 'Cartor' to 'Curtop' in 1570 et sq.]

During Ridley's disputation on 17 April 1554, Curtop cited a passage by Chrysostom to prove that Christ's blood was really in the wine (1563, pp. 972-73; 1570, p. 1618; 1576, p. 1381; and 1583, p. 1451).

Philpot's fifth examination was before Bonner, Rochester, Coventry, St Asaph, as well as Story, Curtop, Saverson, Pendleton and others. 1563, pp. 1398-1405, 1570, pp. 1968-72, 1576, pp. 1695-98, 1583, pp. 1803-05.

Curtop was a witness against Cranmer. 1570, p. 2056, 1576, p. 1772, 1583, p. 1879.

Cranmer twice asked Curtop to witness his appeal to the next general council. 1563, p. 1492, 1570, p. 2060, 1576, p. 1777, 1583, p. 1882.

[NB: ECL 262, fols. 261r - 267r are notes on a Paul's Cross sermon, made a week after Trinity Sunday, 1555, by Dr Curtop.]

Thomas Whittle sent a letter to his 'dear brethren' Master Filles and Cutbert.1570, p. 2021; 1576, p. 1742; 1583, p. 1850

(d. 760) [ODNB]

Archbishop of Canterbury (740 - 60)

Cuthbert convened a synod at Clofesho in 747. A program of reform for both monastic and secular clergy was enacted. Cuthbert sent a copy of the acts to Boniface, archbishop of Mainz. 1570, p. 171; 1576, p. 129; 1583, p. 128.

(c. 635 - 687) [ODNB]

Monk of Melrose 651, prior 664; prior of Lindisfarne; became a hermit

Bishop of Lindisfarne (685 - 87)

Cuthbert was promoted to the bishopric of Lindisfarne by King Ecgfrith. 1570, p. 166; 1576, p. 125; 1583, p. 124.

(d. before 31/1/1550 [Fasti]

DTh; prebendary of Husthwaite (1526 - 50); archdeacon of Nottingham (1528 - 1550)

Cuthbert Marshall was one of the subscribers to the Bishops' Book. 1570, p. 1212; 1576, p. 1037; 1583, p. 1064.

(d. 1569)

Bishop of Chester (1556 - 1559) (DNB); master of Christ's College, Cambridge (1553 - 1556) (Venn)

Cuthbert Scott was appointed to debate with Latimer in the Oxford disputations of 1554 (1563, p. 934).

He was one of the official disputants in the Oxford disputations of 1554 (1563, pp. 936-38; 1570, pp. 1591-92; 1576, pp. 1358-59; 1583, pp. 1428-30).

In an attempt to reinstate catholicism at the University of Cambridge, a commission under the direction of Cardinal Pole ordered the condemning and burning of the bones and books of Phagius and Martin Bucer. Members of the commission were Cuthbert Scott, Nicholas Ormanet, Thomas Watson, John Christopherson and Henry Cole. 1563, pp. 1537 [recte 1549]-1558 [recte 1570].

Cuthbert Scott was chosen by Pole to be a persecutor of the University of Cambridge. 1563, p. 1537, 1570, p. 2142, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1956.

Scott responded to John Stokes' oration at Cambridge University on 11 January 1557. 1563, p. 1539, 1570, p. 2144, 1576, p. 1864, 1583, p. 1958.

Brassey again excused himself at St Mary's church on 12 January 1557. Scott answered his words. 1563, p. 1540, 1570, p. 2145, 1576, p. 1865, 1583, p. 1958.

Scott, Watson and Christopherson interdicted St Mary's Church, Cambridge, where Bucer was buried.1563, p. 1541, 1570, p. 2145, 1576, p. 1965, 1583, p. 1959.

On 14 January 1557, after the examination of the provost and vice-provost of Cambridge, Thomas Bacon invited Perne, Dr Young, Dr Harvey, Swinborne, and Maptide to come to dinner. He was examined before Scott, Watson and Christopherson on 14 January 1557. 1563, p. 1541, 1570, p. 2146, 1576, p. 1866, 1583, p. 1960.

Scott spoke with Nicholas Carre, as a former pupil of Bucer, about the heresies of Bucer. 1563, p. 1540, 1570, p. 2145, 1576, p. 1865, 1583, p. 1957.

Carre denounced Scott's opinion of Bucer and sent him into a rage, berating Carre for his words at Bucer's burial. Scott desisted when no one presented any evidence against Carre's actions. 1563, p. 1540, 1570, p. 2145, 1576, p. 1865, 1583, p. 1957.

Scott made an oration at the condemnation of Bucer and Phagius. 1570, p. 2148, 1576, p. 1867, 1583, p. 1961.

The condemnation of Bucer was given the bishop of Chester's seal. 1570, p. 2148, 1576, p. 1868, 1583, p. 1961.

John Hullier appeared before Shaxton, Young, Segewick, Scott, Mitch and others on Palm Sunday eve at Great St Mary's. 1570, p. 2196, 1576, p. 1895, 1583, p. 2004.

Dr Dakins was given commission by the bishop of Chester to examine John and Richard Snell. 1570, [unnumbered sheet at beginning of volume 1], 1576, 2008, 1583, p. 2150.

Cuthbert Scott was a participant in the Westminster disputation of 1559. 1563, p. 1717, 1583, p. 2119.

Scott was in the Fleet but escaped to Louvain and died there. 1570, p. 2301, 1576, p. 1992, 1583, p. 2102.

(d. 1564)

Bishop of Chester (1556 - 1559) (DNB); master of Christ's College, Cambridge (1553 - 1556) (Venn)

Cuthbert Scott was appointed to debate with Latimer in the Oxford disputations of 1554 (1563, p. 934).

He was one of the official disputants in the Oxford disputations of 1554 (1563, pp. 936-38; 1570, pp. 1591-92; 1576, pp. 1358-59; 1583, pp. 1428-30).

In an attempt to reinstate catholicism at the University of Cambridge, a commission under the direction of Cardinal Pole ordered the condemning and burning of the bones and books of Phagius and Martin Bucer. Members of the commission were Cuthbert Scott, Nicholas Ormanet, Thomas Watson, John Christopherson and Henry Cole. 1563, pp. 1537 [recte 1549]-1558 [recte 1570].

Cuthbert Scott was chosen by Pole to be a persecutor of the University of Cambridge. 1563, p. 1537, 1570, p. 2142, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1956.

Scott responded to John Stokes' oration at Cambridge University on 11 January 1557. 1563, p. 1539, 1570, p. 2144, 1576, p. 1864, 1583, p. 1958.

Brassey again excused himself at St Mary's church on 12 January 1557. Scott answered his words. 1563, p. 1540, 1570, p. 2145, 1576, p. 1865, 1583, p. 1958.

Scott, Watson and Christopherson interdicted St Mary's Church, Cambridge, where Bucer was buried.1563, p. 1541, 1570, p. 2145, 1576, p. 1965, 1583, p. 1959.

On 14 January 1557, after the examination of the provost and vice-provost of Cambridge, Thomas Bacon invited Perne, Dr Young, Dr Harvey, Swinborne, and Maptide to come to dinner. He was examined before Scott, Watson and Christopherson on 14 January 1557. 1563, p. 1541, 1570, p. 2146, 1576, p. 1866, 1583, p. 1960.

Scott spoke with Nicholas Carre, as a former pupil of Bucer, about the heresies of Bucer. 1563, p. 1540, 1570, p. 2145, 1576, p. 1865, 1583, p. 1957.

Carre denounced Scott's opinion of Bucer and sent him into a rage, berating Carre for his words at Bucer's burial. Scott desisted when no one presented any evidence against Carre's actions. 1563, p. 1540, 1570, p. 2145, 1576, p. 1865, 1583, p. 1957.

Scott made an oration at the condemnation of Bucer and Phagius. 1570, p. 2148, 1576, p. 1867, 1583, p. 1961.

The condemnation of Bucer was given the bishop of Chester's seal. 1570, p. 2148, 1576, p. 1868, 1583, p. 1961.

John Hullier appeared before Shaxton, Young, Segewick, Scott, Mitch and others on Palm Sunday eve at Great St Mary's. 1570, p. 2196, 1576, p. 1895, 1583, p. 2004.

Dr Dakins was given commission by the bishop of Chester to examine John and Richard Snell. 1570, [unnumbered sheet at beginning of volume 1], 1576, 2008, 1583, p. 2150.

Cuthbert Scott was a participant in the Westminster disputation of 1559. 1563, p. 1717, 1583, p. 2119.

Scott was in the Fleet but escaped to Louvain and died there. 1570, p. 2301, 1576, p. 1992, 1583, p. 2102.

(d. 1558)

Martyr. Deacon of the protestant congregation in Marian London.

Foxe describes Cuthbert Symson's character. 1563, p. 1650, 1570, p. 2228, 1576, p. 1924, 1583, p. 2031.

Rough went to Symson and they agreed to give a book containing the names of the congregation to Kate Rough. 1563, p. 1650, 1570, p. 2228, 1576, p. 1924, 1583, p. 2032.

Kate Rough dreamed she saw James Mearing's wife with a bloody banner in her hand and a fire-pan on her head. 1570, p. 2228, 1583, p. 2032.

Rough was arrested by the vice-chamberlain of the queen's house at the Saracen's Head in Islington with Cuthbert Symson and Hugh Foxe on 12 December 1557. They had pretended to be there to hear a play but were actually reading their communion books. 1563, p. 1653, 1570, p. 2231, 1576, p. 1926, 1583, p. 2034.

Cuthbert Symson was racked and condemned. 1563, p. 1651, 1570, p. 2229, 1576, p. 1924, 1583, p. 2032.

He was put in stocks prior to his condemnation. 1563, p. 1651, 1570, p. 2229, 1576, p. 1926, 1583, p. 2032.

He had a vision in the stocks which he reported to master Austen, to his wife, and to Thomas Symson. 1563, p. 1651, 1570, p. 2229, 1576, p. 1926, 1583, p. 2032.

Cluney checked on Symson in prison prior to his condemnation. Someone else also entered his cell. 1563, p. 1651, 1570, p. 2229, 1576, p. 1926, 1583, p. 2032.

Articles were brought against him and he answered. 1563, pp. 1653-64, 1570, p. 2230, 1576, pp. 1926, 1583, p. 2032.

Roger Sergeant gave information against Cuthbert Symson. 1563, p. 1652 [incorrectly numbered as 1632], 1570, p. 2229, 1576, p. 1926, 1583, p. 2032.

Symson wrote a letter to his wife. 1563, p. 1653 [incorrectly numbered 1633], 1570, pp. 2230-31, 1576, p. 1927, 1583, pp. 2033-34.

He was burned on 28 March 1558. 1563, p. 1650, 1570, p. 2228, 1576, p. 1927, 1583, p. 2034.

(1474 - 1559) (DNB)

Bishop of London (1522 - 1530). Bishop of Durham (1530 - 1551, 1553 - 1559). (DNB)

On 5 August 1553 Cuthbert Tunstall was released from the Tower. Foxe calls him, 'doctor Tonstal' (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1394; 1583, p. 1465).

He was present at Gardiner's sermon, 30 September 1554; cited as bishop of Durham (1570, p. 1644; 1576, p. 1402; 1583, p. 1473).

He was one of John Rogers's examiners on 22 January 1555 (1563, pp. 1023-26; 1570, 1657-59; 1576, pp. 1414-15; 1583, pp. 1484-86). He examined Rowland Taylor on the same day (1563, pp. 1071-73;1570, pp. 1696-97; 1576, p. 1640; 1583, pp. 1521-22).

He was one of the commissioners who presided over the deprivation of Hooper. 1563, pp. 1054-55; 1570, 1678-79; 1576, pp. 1432-33; 1583, p. 1505.

He was one of the commissioners who condemned John Bradford, Laurence Saunders and Rowland Taylorto death (1570, p. 1699; 1576, p. 1450; 1583, pp. 1523-24).

He was one of the commissioners who interrogated Robert Ferrar on 4 February 1555 (1563, p. 1732; 1570, pp.1722-23; 1576, p. 1471; 1583, pp. 1553-54).

Bradford was brought to speak to Bonner by the under-marshal of the King's Bench. Talk took place between the lord chancellor, Bonner and John Bradford on 22 January 1555, during which the bishop of Durham, Sir Richard Southwell, Sir Robert Rochester, and Secretary Bourne questioned Bradford's eucharistic doctrine. 1563, pp. 1185-88, 1570, pp. 1782-84, 1576, pp. 1522-23, 1583, pp. 1605-06.

Tunstall was present at the next examination of Bradford that took place after Bradford's imprisonment in the Tower, August 1553-22 January 1555. 1570, p. 1782, 1576, p. 1522, 1583, p. 1605.

During the conversation between Hussey and Bradford, Doctor Seton entered the room and spoke a 'long sermon of my Lord Canterbury, M. Latimer, and M. Ridley'. He acknolwedged that Latimer and Ridley were not able to answer anything at all at their examinations, and that Canterbury desired to confer with Durham and others, saying that Bradford should make a like suit, to which Seton received no agreement from Bradford. Seton berated Bradford for his attitude, and claimed that Bonner could be charitable. 1563, p. 1191, 1570, p. 1786, 1576, p. 1526, 1583, p. 1609.

The bishop of Durham asked Bradford when the Lord appeared in the giving of the sacrament, to which Bradford replied by quoting Chrysostom. 1563, p. 1198, 1570, p. 1789, 1576, p. 1528, 1583, p. 1611.

Philpot's eleventh examination, on St Andrew's day, was before Durham, Chichester, Bath, Bonner, the prolocutor, Christopherson, Chadsey, Morgan of Oxford, Hussey of the Arches, Weston, John Harpsfield, Cosin, and Johnson. 1563, pp. 1425-34, 1570, pp. 1986-92, 1576, pp. 1710-15, 1583, pp. 1817-22.

Robert Farrer was examined before the bishops of Durham and Worcester, Sir Robert Rochester, Sir Richard Southwell and Gilbert Bourne. 1563, p. 1732, 1570, p. 2296, 1576, p. 1990, 1583, p. 2136.

Cuthbert Tunstall died after Queen Mary. 1563, p. 1707, 1570, p. 2301, 1576, p. 1992, 1583, p. 2102.

[Also referred to as 'doctor Tonstal']

(1475 - 1559) [ODNB]

DCnL, DCL from Padua by 1505; diplomat; keeper of the privy seal (1523 - 30)

Bishop of London (1522 - 30); bishop of Durham (1530 - 52, 1553 - 59)

William Carder, Agnes Grebill and Robert Harrison were tried for heresy in 1511 before William Warham, Cuthbert Tunstall, Gabriel Sylvester, Thomas Wells and Clement Browne. All three were condemned to burn. 1570, pp. 1454-55; 1576, p. 1240; 1583, pp. 1276-77.

After William Tyndale went to London, he tried to enter the service of Cuthbert Tunstall, bishop of London, but was unsuccessful. 1570, pp. 1225-26; 1576, p. 1049; 1583, pp. 1075-76.

Thomas Wolsey, William Warham, Cuthbert Tunstall, John Fisher, Nicholas West, John Veysey, John Longland, John Clerk and Henry Standish took part in the examination of Thomas Bilney and Thomas Arthur in 1527-28. Wolsey committed the hearing to Tunstall. 1563, pp. 461-78; 1570, pp. 1134-46; 1576, pp. 971-81; 1583, pp. 998-1008.

Thomas Bilney wrote five letters to Tunstall. 1563, pp. 465-73; 1570, pp. 1140-47; 1576, pp. 977-81; 1583, pp. 1003-08.

Bilney initially refused to recant and asked to introduce witnesses; this request was refused by the bishop of London because it was too late in the proceedings. Bilney was given two nights to consult with his friends. 1563, p. 479; 1570, p. 1140; 1576, p. 977; 1583, p. 1003.

In 1526 Tunstall issued prohibitions to his archdeacons, calling in New Testaments translated into English and other English books. 1563, pp. 449-50; 1570, pp. 1157-58; 1576, pp. 990-91; 1583, pp. 1017-18.

Augustine Packington favoured William Tyndale, but pretended otherwise to Cuthbert Tunstall, bishop of London, then in Antwerp. He offered to procure all the unsold copies of Tyndale's New Testament held by the merchants in the city if Tunstall would provide the money to buy them. Packington then paid Tyndale for the books, and Tyndale immediately had them reprinted. 1563, p. 443; 1570, pp. 1158-59; 1576, p. 991; 1583, p. 1019.

Thomas Wolsey, having obtained large sums from the king's treasury, went to the French court to contribute to the ransom of Clement VII, hiring soldiers and furnishing the French army. He took with him Cuthbert Tunstall, William Sandys, the earl of Derby, Sir Henry Guildford and Sir Thomas More. 1563, p. 439; 1570, p. 1123; 1576, p. 962; 1583, p. 988.

John Tewkesbury was examined before Cuthbert Tunstall, Henry Standish and John Islip. 1563, p. 490; 1570, p. 1165; 1576, p. 996; 1583, p. 1024.

After Richard Bayfield returned to England, he was arrested, tried by Cuthbert Tunstall and abjured. 1563, p. 484; 1570, p. 1161; 1576, p. 993; 1583, p. 1021.

Tunstall was translated to the see of Durham after Thomas Wolsey was deprived of office. 1570, p. 1130; 1576, p. 968; 1583, p. 994.

Tunstall swore an oath of allegiance to Henry VIII as head of the church. 1570, p. 1203; 1576, p. 1030; 1583, p. 1057.

Tunstall preached a sermon on Palm Sunday in front of King Henry in which he attacked the pope's claimed authority. 1570, pp. 1206-10; 1576, pp. 1033-36; 1583, pp. 1060-63.

Tunstall was one of the subscribers to the Bishops' Book. 1570, p. 1211; 1576, p. 1037; 1583, p. 1064.

Bishops Stokesley and Tunstall wrote a letter to Cardinal Pole in Rome, urging him to give up his support of the supremacy of the pope. 1563, pp. 613-20; 1570, pp. 1212-16; 1576, pp. 1037-42; 1583, pp. 1065-68.

Tunstall disputed with John Lambert at his trial before the king. 1563, p. 536; 1570, p. 1283; 1576, p. 1097; 1583, pp. 1123.

Tunstall was imprisoned in the Tower with Stephen Gardiner under Edward VI and Edward Seymour. 1563, p. 685; 1570, p. 1486; 1576, p. 1260; 1583, p. 1296.

Tunstall was a deponent in the case of Gardiner. 1563, pp. 828-29, 855.

Released from the Tower on 18 January 1555 (1570, p. 1655; 1576, p. 1412; 1583, p. 1482).

Foxe does not state why Vaughan was imprisoned, but Vaughan was one of the leaders of Wyatt's rebellion. (See D. M. Loades, Two Tudor Conspiracies (Cambridge, 1965), pp. 74, 81-82 and 109-10).

(d. 807) [ODNB under Rulers of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms]

King of Kent (798 - 807)

Cuthred was pleased when his predecessor, Eadberht Præn, was released by Cenwulf of Mercia. 1570, p. 173; 1576, p. 131; 1583, p. 130.

(d. 756) [ODNB]

King of the West Saxons (740 - 56)

Associations with Æthelbald of Mercia; in 750 Cuthred rebelled against Æthelbald

Æthelbald, King of Mercia, placed heavy exactions upon Cuthred. Eventually Cuthred attacked Æthelbald, and after a protracted war, defeated him. 1570, p. 171; 1576, p. 129; 1583, p. 128.

(fl. 811 - c. 827) [ODNB]

Daughter of Cenwulf, king of the Mercians

Abbess of Winchcombe Minster and the minster of Thanet; reputed much later to have had her brother Cynehelm murdered

She is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 176; 1576, p. 133; 1583, p. 132.

(d. 636) [ODNB]

Son and co-ruler of Cynegils; king of the Gewisse (West Saxons) (611 - 36); baptised in 636

He and his father were said to have killed the East Saxon king Sigeberht Parvus. 1570, pp. 149, 151; 1576, pp. 111, 113; 1583, pp. 110, 112.

Cynegils and Cwichelm plotted the assassination of Eadwine of Northumbria, but the attempt failed. Eadwine then attacked the West Saxons and defeated them. 1570, p. 162; 1576, p. 122; 1583, p. 120.

Cwichelm was converted to Christianity by Birinus, to whom Cwichelm gave the city of Dorchester as a see. Later he gave land of seven miles in circumference at Winchester. 1570, p. 163; 1576, p. 123; 1583, p. 122.

Daughter of Penda of Mercia [ODNB sub Penda]

Married to Alchfrith, son of Oswiu of Northumbria; supposed to have retired after his death to the minster at Castor, Northamptonshire and to have been buried there with her sister Cyneswith

She and her sister are referred to as holy virgins. 1570, p. 150; 1576, p. 112; 1583, p. 111.

Agilbert, James the deacon of Paulinus, Wilfrid and Alchfrith, son of King Oswiu, and his wife Cyneburh held to the Roman method of calculating the date of Easter. 1570, p. 165; 1576, p. 124; 1583, p. 123.

(fl. C7) [ODNB sub Kings of the Hwicce]

Sister of King Osric of the Hwicce; first abbess of Gloucester Abbey

She is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 177; 1576, p. 134; 1583, p. 133.

(d. 642) [ODNB]

King of the Gewisse (West Saxons) (611 - 42), with his son Cwichelm to 636

First West Saxon king converted to Christianity

He and his son were said to have killed the East Saxon king Sigeberht Parvus. 1570, pp. 149, 151; 1576, pp. 111, 113; 1583, pp. 110, 112.

Cynegils and Cwichelm plotted the assassination of Eadwine of Northumbria, but the attempt failed. Eadwine then attacked the West Saxons and defeated them. 1570, p. 162; 1576, p. 122; 1583, p. 120.

King Oswald of Northumbria was partly responsible for the conversion of Cynegils. 1570, p. 163; 1576, p. 123; 1583, p. 122.

King Oswald of Northumbria stood godfather to Cynegils and married his daughter. 1570, p. 163; 1576, p. 123; 1583, p. 122.

Cynegils began construction of the church at Winchester [Foxe mistakenly calls him the king of Mercia]. It was completed by his son Cenwalh, who appointed Wine bishop there. 1570, p. 177; 1576, p. 134; 1583, p. 133.

(d. 786) [ODNB sub Cynewulf]

Brother of deceased king Sigeberht of the West Saxons; contender for the kingship in 786; fought Cynewulf, both died

While Cynewulf was visiting his mistress at Merton, Cyneheard attacked and killed him to avenge his brother's death. 1570, p. 173; 1576, p. 130; 1583, p. 129.

(supp. fl. 803x11) [ODNB]

Martyr; legendary son of King Cenwulf of Mercia; succeeded to the throne as a young boy; murdered

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, pp. 150, 176; 1576, pp. 112, 133; 1583, pp. 111, 132.

(d. 1060) [ODNB]

Archbishop of York (1051 - 60)

He is mentioned by Foxe. 1563, p. 13.

Daughter of Penda of Mercia [ODNB sub Penda]

Possibly married to Offa, king of the East Angles; said to have been buried at the minster at Castor, Northamptonshire, with her sister Cyneburh

She and her sister are referred to as holy virgins. 1570, p. 150; 1576, p. 112; 1583, p. 111.

(fl. c. 770 - 798) [ODNB]

Wife of King Offa and queen of Mercia; coins were issued in her name

Abbess of Cookham after her son Ecgfrith's death

Cynethryth suspected that Æthelberht, king of the East Angles, was coming to Offa's court, under pretence of marrying their daughter, to murder him and the Mercians. 1570, p. 173; 1576, p. 131; 1583, p. 129.

Cynethryth persuaded her husband to murder Æthelberht when he came to marry their daughter. 1570, pp. 151, 154; 1576, pp. 113, 115; 1583, pp. 112, 114.

She was reported to have died three months after the murder. 1570, p. 173; 1576, p. 131; 1583, p. 129.

(d. 786) [ODNB]

King of the West Saxons (757 - 86); drove out his predecessor Sigeberht

Fought Sigeberht's brother Cyneheard in 686 - both died

Cynewulf had the support of the West Saxons in driving out Sigeberht. He maintained his position against the might of King Offa of the Mercians. While visiting his mistress at Merton, he was attacked and killed by a kinsman of Sigeberht. 1570, p. 173; 1576, p. 130; 1583, p. 129.

(fl. C6) [ODNB]

King of the Gewisse (West Saxons) after Cerdic

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 149; 1576, p. 111; 1583, p. 110.

Legendary C4 bishop of Antioch [Catholic Encyclopedia]

Said to have been a pagan conjurer and sorcerer; martyr under Diocletian

Cyprian was a citizen of Antioch and a sorcerer. He converted to Christianity and became a deacon, a priest and finally bishop of Antioch and martyr. 1570, pp. 128-29; 1576, p. 93; 1583, p. 92.

He was martyred with Justina. 1570, p. 121; 1576, p. 96; 1583, p. 95.

Foxe distinguishes him from Cyprian of Carthage. 1570, p. 101; 1576, p. 71; 1583, p. 71.

(d. 258) [Catholic Encyclopedia]

Teacher of rhetoric; bishop of Carthage (249 - 58); there was opposition and schism in his see. Early Christian writer; in conflict with Pope Stephen I over the efficacy of baptism by heretics; executed

Cyprian was born in Carthage, grew up a pagan and became a skilled rhetorician. He was converted by a priest and baptised. Not long after he became a priest, he was made bishop of Carthage. 1570, p. 98; 1576, p. 69; 1583, p. 69.

Cyprian was called 'papas' or 'father'. 1570, p. 11; 1576, p. 8; 1583, p. 8.

Cyprian favoured the rebaptism of those baptised by heretics; in this he disagreed with Pope Stephen. 1570, p. 101, 1576, p. 71, 1583, p. 71.

Cyprian complained that many of the faithful, without having been subjected to any torture, through cowardice voluntarily agreed to sacrifice to the gods. 1570, p. 92; 1576, p. 64; 1583, p. 64.

Novatian was a priest under Cyprian in Carthage, where he appointed Felicissimus deacon without Cyprian's knowledge and stirred up factions. Novatian opposed the reinstatement of lapsed Christians. 1570, p. 93; 1576, p. 65; 1583, p. 64.

Cyprian was banished from Carthage during the reign of Gallus due to sedition within the church there. 1570, p. 95; 1576, p. 66; 1583, p. 66.

Cyprian returned from exile in the reign of Valerian. 1570, p. 99; 1576, p. 70; 1583, p. 69.

Cyprian received visions warning him of the persecution of Valerian. He wrote an Apology in defence of the Christians. 1570, p. 97; 1576, p. 68; 1583, p. 68.

He was banished a second time. When he refused to sacrifice to the gods, he was beheaded. 1570, p. 99; 1576, p. 70; 1583, p. 69.

Foxe discusses his writings. 1570, pp. 99-101; 1576, pp. 70-71;1583, pp. 69-71.

Constantine fulfilled Cyprian's vision of a time of peace for the church. 1570, p. 144; 1576, p. 106; 1583, p. 105.

Deputy clerk of the peace for Kent. Religious conservative. [Clark, English Provincial Society, pp. 62, 100; Diarmaid MacCulloch, Thomas Cranmer: A Life (Yale, 1996), p. 312.]

Peters was present during the disputation between Bland and Nicholas Harpsfield on 21 May 1555. 1563, p. 1222, 1570, p. 1846, 1576, p. 1580, 1583, p. 1668.

Bland was taken before Sir John Baker, Master Petit, Master Webbe, and two others whose identity was unknown to Bland. 1563, p. 1223, 1570, p. 1847, 1576, p. 1581, 1583, p. 1668.

Bland remained in the castle of Canterbury until 2 March, when he was taken to the chapter house of Christ Church (Canterbury), to the suffragen of Canterbury, Master Collins, Master Mylles and others, then to Master Oxenden, Master Petit, Master Webbe and Master Hardes. 1563, p. 1224, 1570, p. 1848, 1576, p. 1581, 1583, p. 1669.

Cyriac Petit was sent by the bishop of Winchester to bring Richard Turner, possibly bound, for examination. 1570, p. 2044, 1576, p. 1762, 1583, p. 1869.

Cyriac Petit nearly apprehended Robert Cole in Kent. 1563, p. 1701.

[Foxe also refers to him as 'Peters'.]

Deacon to Marcellus the bishop; C4 martyr

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 129; 1576, p. 93; 1583, p. 92.

(d. 444) [Catholic Encyclopedia]

Theologian; doctor of the church; patriarch of Alexandria (412 - 44)

Drove out the Novatians and Jews; in conflict with Nestorius

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 13; 1576, p. 10; 1583, p. 10.

(d. c. 302x4) [Gams]

Patriarch of Antioch (c. 280x2 - c. 302x4)

He was reputed, by Chrysostom and Burchard of Ursberg, to have been killed by Emperor Numerian for refusing to allow him to enter the church. 1570, p. 108; 1576, p. 76; 1583, p. 76.

(d. early C4) [Catholic Encyclopedia]

Physician of Alexandria; ascetic; martyred at Canopus

Coptic saint

Cyrus and his friend John went to Canopus to encourage Athanasia and her daughters in their faith. Cyrus and John were beheaded for supporting them. 1570, p. 127; 1576, p. 92; 1583, p. 91.