(d. 1512) [Emden]

BTh Cambridge; DTh 1500; vice-chancellor of University of Cambridge 1501; canon of Lichfield, canon of Chichester; member of the council of Lady Margaret, countess of Richmond c. 1503

William Carder, Agnes Grebill and Robert Harrison were tried for heresy in 1511 before William Warham, Cuthbert Tunstall, Gabriel Sylvester, Thomas Wells and Clement Browne. All three were condemned to burn. 1570, pp. 1454-55; 1576, p. 1240; 1583, pp. 1276-77.

(12 - 41 CE) [G. G. Fagan www.roman-emperors.org]

Roman emperor (37 - 41 CE)

Caligula violated women and commanded that he be worshipped as a god. 1570, p. 38; 1576, p. 30; 1583, p. 30.

(236/7 - 316) [R. W. Mathisen www.roman-emperors.org]

Roman emperor (284 - 305), succeeding Carus's son, Numerian, in the east; controlled the whole empire after the death of Carinus, Carus's younger son, in 285. Introduced tetrarchy; enforced imperial cult; abdicated.

Declined an offer to take the throne in 308; died at Split.

Diocletian came to the throne with the support of the troops. 1570, p. 108; 1576, p. 77; 1583, p. 76.

Having accused Aper of killing Numerian, Diocletian killed him with his sword in front of the troops. 1570, p. 109; 1576, p. 78; 1583, p. 77.

Diocletian commanded that he be worshipped as a god. 1570, p. 109; 1576, p. 78; 1583, p. 77.

Diocletian introduced the most severe persecution of the Christians. The persecution began with the destruction of churches and books of scripture. 1570, pp. 39, 109-111; 1576, pp. 31, 78-79; 1583, pp. 31, 77-79.

He went on use threats and imprisonment, and eventually he devised a great variety of tortures and methods of execution. 1570, pp. 112-14; 1576, pp. 80-81; 1583, pp. 79-81.

Diocletian abdicated and, having heard of the edict of Constantine and Licinius granting freedom of worship to Christians, died. 1570, p. 121; 1576, p. 87; 1583, p. 86.

C3 Christian followers of Dionysius of Alexandria

Gaius, Faustus, Petrus and Paulus were exiled with Dionysius of Alexandria. 1570, p. 103; 1576, p. 73; 1583, p. 72.

They were rescued with Dionysius of Alexandria. 1570, p. 90; 1576, p. 63; 1583, p. 63.

(d. 311) [M. Di Maio www.roman-emperors.org]

Served as Diocletian's caesar in the East (293 - 305)

Roman emperor in the East (305 - 11)

Galerius was made ceasar in the eastern empire to deal with the Persian threat. 1570, p. 109; 1576, p. 78; 1583, p. 77.

He was the chief persecutor of the Christians, and developed an unpleasant illness. He issued a proclamation ending the persecution, but a few months later restrictions, banishment and persecutions began again. 1570, pp. 39, 115; 1576, pp. 31, 82-83; 1583, pp. 82-83.

C3 proconsul in Africa; persecutor of Christians

Galerius Maximus succeeded Paturnus as proconsul. He arrested Cyprian of Carthage and commanded that he sacrifice to the gods. When Cyprian refused, Galerius had him beheaded. 1570, p. 99; 1576, p. 70; 1583, p. 69.

(1483 - 1542). [H. Hillerbrand (ed.), The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation, 1996]

Cardinal.

Contarene entrusted Ludovico to acquire answers to the pope's letters to Stephen Gardiner. 1583, p. 1786.

(1483 - 1542) [www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1535.htm.Contarini]

Venetian statesman; studied at Padua (1501 - 09); member of the Venetian great council; ambassador for Venice (1520 - 25, 1528)

Cardinal 1535; took part in the Diet of Worms 1521; papal legate to Germany 1541; delegate to the council of Regensburg 1541

At the council of Regensburg, Contarini was unable to answer the record of the words of Pope Gelasius I. 1570, p. 1299; 1576, p. 1112; 1583, p. 1137.

In a letter to Henry VIII, Philip Melancthon complained of Cardinals Contarini, Sadoleto and Pole working to cover up the corruption in Rome. 1570, p. 1341; 1576, p. 1145; 1583, p. 1173.

John Moyer wrote Master Perry a letter which referred to John Bolton, Downer, Gately, Radley (now vicar of St Lawrence), Bowyer (a tanner) and Julins Palmer (who was indicted by Thackham). 1583, p. 2140.

(c. 1490 - 1547) [ODNB]

Administrator; MA by 1517; tutor to James V 1517; dean of Moray (1517 - 25); prior of Whithorn (1520 - 24)

Archbishop of Glasgow (1524 - 47); chancellor of Scotland (1528 - 43)

Gavin Dunbar was one of those who passed the sentence definitive on Patrick Hamilton in 1528. 1570, p. 1108; 1576, p. 948; 1583, p. 975.

(d. 1571) [Fasti ecclesiæ scoticanæ]

Dean of Glasgow (1548 - 51); bishop of St Andrews (1551 - 71) with John Hamilton, who suffered ill health

Gavin Hamilton sat on the assize that deprived and exiled John Kerr. 1570, p. 1448; 1576, p. 1235; 1583, p. 1272.

He sat on the assize that tried and condemned Adam Wallace. 1570, pp. 1448-50; 1576, pp. 1235-36; 1583, pp. 1272-73.

Justice.

According to Foxe Gawdy was one of the justices who examined Thomas Wattes on 26 April 1555. He was about to speak in Wattes?s defence but he kept silence when the other justices accused Wattes of treason. 1563, p. 1166; 1570, p. 1769; 1576, p. 1511; 1583, p. 1594

[Foxe does not give a first name for Gawdy. There are numerous members of the Gawdy family in Norfolk who became justices or prominent lawyers, but only one, Thomas Gawdy (by 1526 - 1588) was a justice at this time (see Bindoff, Commons). This identification is made more attractive because Thomas Gawdy was an outspoken protestant during Mary?s reign. But there is a problem with this identification as well: Thomas Gawdy was a Norfolk JP, so why was he sitting on an Essex commission? Perhaps he was not present in an official capacity; this would explain why he did sign the letter denouncing Wattes which the other commission members sent to Bonner].

(d. 496) [Kelly]

Pope (492 - 96) Asserted the primacy of Rome over the entire church; prolific writer

Gelasius was the son of a married priest. 1570, p. 1319; 1576, p. 1129; 1583, p. 1154.

Gelasius spoke of the transmutation of the bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ, but still remaining in their proper nature. 1570, p. 1299; 1576, p. 1112; 1583, p. 1137.

Gelasius decreed that communion was to be taken in two kinds. 1570, p. 1314; 1576, p. 1124; 1583, p. 1149.

(1151? - 1212) [ODNB]

Illegitimate son of Henry II; archdeacon of Lincoln by 1170/71; 1173 elected bishop of Lincoln, but not confirmed until 1175

Royal chancellor (1181/2 - 89); archbishop of York (1189 - 1207) In dispute with King Richard, King John, the canons of York; fled the country

1563, p. 16.

(d. 1557) Doctor of law in London; founded Friars School, Bangor in 1557 with brother John

Geoffrey Glyn was a witness in 1551 to the sentence against Stephen Gardiner and his appellation. 1563, p. 867.

(c. 1470 - 1530 [ODNB]

Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield (1503 - 30)

Those in Coventry accused of teaching heresy to their children were condemned by the bishop and burnt. 1563, pp. 420-21; 1570, p. 1107; 1576, p. 946; 1583, p. 973.

(d. 1542)

Master of King's Hall, Cambridge.

Latimer's adversaries are listed as: bishop of Ely (preached against him in King's College), Dr Watson (Master of Christ's College), Dr Norton (Master of Clare), Dr Philo (Master of Michael House), Dr Metcalfe (Master of St John), Dr Blyth (of the King's Hall), Dr Bullock (Master of Queen's College), Dr Palmes (Master of St Nicholas hostel), Bayne, Rud and Greenwood of St John's, Brikenden of St John's also, and said to have been a scholar of Latimer's. 1563, p. 1307, 1570, p. 1904, 1576, p. 1631, 1583, p. 1735.

(fl. 1517 - 1521) [ODNB sub Thomas Cromwell; Magnus Williamson, 'Evangelicalism at Boston, Oxford and Windsor under Henry VIII: Foxe's Narratives Recontextualized' John Foxe at Home and Abroad, ed. David Loades (Aldershot, 2004), p. 39 n.39]

Travelled to Rome with Thomas Cromwell 1517-18 to obtain plenary indulgences from Pope Leo X for Boston's guild of Our Lady; secretary of the Lady Guild (1518 - 21)

Geoffrey Chambers feared he was inadequate to carry out his commission from Boston, so he and John Robinson persuaded Thomas Cromwell to accompany him. 1570, p. 1346; 1576, p. 1149; 1583, p. 1178.

(d. before 20/7/1562) [Fasti;; Richard Rex, 'John Bale, Geoffrey Downes and Jesus College', Journal of Ecclesiastical History, vol. 49, no. 3 (July 1998), pp. 486-93]

Fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge; DTh 1529; chaplain to archbishop of York (Wolsey and Lee); chancellor of York (1537 - 62)

Geoffrey Downes was one of the subscribers to the Bishops' Book. 1570, p. 1212; 1576, p. 1037; 1583, p. 1064.

BTh Cambridge 1505-6; DTh 1509-10; Dominican friar; prior of Cambridge convent 1507; prior of Sudbury convent in 1530 [Emden]

Geoffrey Jullys was called as a witness in the examination of Thomas Bilney. 1563, p. 462; 1570, p. 1135; 1576, p. 972; 1583, p. 998.

Jullys testified that Bilney had preached heresy. 1570, p. 1149; 1576, p. 983; 1583, p. 1010.

of Steeple Bumpstead [Fines]

Abjured in 1528

Lome was charged with translating and dispersing Luther's works and of holding heretical opinions. 1563, p. 419; 1570, p. 1184; 1576, p. 1013; 1583, p. 1040.

Thomas Wolsey forced Thomas Arthur, Thomas Bilney, Geoffrey Lome and Thomas Garrard to abjure for speaking against the authority of the pope. 1570, p. 1129; 1576, p. 967; 1583, p. 994.

Geoffrey Lome had been porter of St Anthony's School, and abjured before the bishops of London, Bath and Lincoln. 1563, p. 480.

of Calais; charged in 1539 with taking collections to support Damplip, but showed he was in Paris at the time [Fines]

Geoffrey Loveday was one of those accused of heresy to the privy council by councillors of Calais. 1563, p. 661.

Sir Richard Long and Francis Hastings charged Thomas Broke and Geoffrey Loveday with aiding Adam Damplip in Calais. Loveday proved he was in Paris when Damplip was in Calais. 1563, p. 663; 1570, p. 1402; 1576, p. 1196; 1583, p. 1225.

(d. 1154/5) [ODNB]

Historian; bishop of St Asaph (1151 - 54/5); wrote History of the Kings of Britain

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, pp. 146, 160, 161; 1576, pp. 108, 120, 121; 1583, pp. 107, 119, 120.

(d. 1534) [Emden]

BA Cambridge 1521-2; MA 1524-25; called to Cardinal College, Oxford 1525; canon; BTh 1531; fellow of Eton College (1532 - 34)

Harman was one of the scholars Wolsey gathered for Cardinal College. 1570, p. 1174; 1576, p. 1004; 1583, p. 1032.

(d. by October 1529) [Fasti; Venn & Venn]

DCnL Cambridge 1520; chancellor to the bishop of London 1523; prebendary of Islington (1523 - 29); archdeacon of London (1526 - 29)

Geoffrey Wharton, along with other archdeacons in the London diocese, was sent a commission to seek out and deliver any copies of the New Testament in English and anything from a list of proscribed books. 1563, pp. 449-50; 1570, pp. 1157-58; 1576, pp. 990-91; 1583, pp. 1017-18.

Geoffrey Wharton brought charges against the London priest Robert West in 1529. 1570, p. 1119; 1576, p. 957; 1583, p. 984.

Geoffrey Wharton was present at the examination of John Tewkesbury. 1563, p. 492; 1570, p. 1166; 1576, p.997 ; 1583, p. 1025.

(1501 - 1573) [Hillerbrand]

German theologian; studied at Erfurt and Wittenberg; ordained priest in 1520

Converted to Lutheranism; pastor of Niemeck; resigned the parish in 1531; worked for the reunion of the churches

He is mentioned by Foxe as a source: 1570, p. 91; 1576, p. 63; 1583, p. 63.

Keeper of Newgate prison. Of London.

Benet gave a copy of Coverdale's New Testament to Tingle, telling George the keeper that it was food. 1570, p. 2279, 1576, p. 1968 [incorrectly numbered 1632], 1583, p. 2075.

George realised that Benet had a New Testament and sent him to Cholmley who imprisoned him in the Compter for 25 weeks. 1570, p. 2279, 1576, p. 1968 [incorrectly numbered 1632], 1583, p. 2075.

[Foxe is unclear whether this is a christian name or a surname.]

(1539? - 1592?)

LLD 1563. Civilian and divine. MP for Hindon (1563). Chancellor of Winchester diocese (1563). (DNB; Hasler)

George Acworth gave an oration at the restitution of Bucer and Phagius. 1563, pp. 1552-53, 1583, pp. 1964-65.

(d.1556)

Fuller. Martyr. Of Essex.

George Ambrose was sent up to London by Lord Rich, Tyrrell and others for examination. 1563, p. 1505, 1570, p. 2074, 1576, p. 1788, 1583, p. 1895.

Ambrose was examined by Richard Read, the lord chancellor, on 21 March 1556. 1563, p. 1505, 1570, p. 2074, 1576, p. 1789, 1583, p. 1895.

He remained in the Marshalsea for around one year, until the death of Gardiner. 1563, p. 1505, 1570, p. 2074, 1576, p. 1788, 1583, p. 1895.

After Gardiner's death he and some of his fellow prisoners sent a petition on behalf of all of them to Heath after he replaced Gardiner as lord chancellor. 1563, p. 1505, 1570, p. 2074, 1576, p. 1788, 1583, p. 1895.

On 16 January 1555 Read was sent to the Marshalsea to examine Richard Spurge, Thomas Spurge, George Ambrose and John Cavel. 1563, p. 1505, 1570, p. 2074, 1576, p. 1788, 1583, p. 1895.

Read was told during the examination of 16 January 1555 that the Spurges, Ambrose and Cavel had been complained of by the parson of the church in Bocking. The priest had complained to Lord Rich, who had taken the complaint further. 1563, p. 1505, 1570, p. 2074, 1576, p. 1788, 1583, p. 1895.

Ambrose was condemned by Bonner on 28 March 1556. 1563, p. 1505, 1570, p. 2074, 1576, p. 1788, 1583, p. 1895.

Under examination by Read Spurge, Ambrose stated that he had not gone to church because they did not practice true doctrine there. He also stated that he had read Gardiner's De Vera Obedientia and Bonner's preface to it. 1563, p. 1505, 1570, p. 2074, 1576, p. 1788, 1583, p. 1895.

He was burned around 24 April 1556 at Smithfield. 1563, p. 1505, 1570, p. 2074, 1576, p. 1788, 1583, p. 1895.

Ambrose was one of the recipients of a letter by John Careless to his condemned brethren in Newgate. 1563, pp. 1449-50, 1570, pp. 2105-06, 1576, pp. 1817-18, 1583, pp. 1923-24.

Of unknown occupation and origin.

George Barker wrote a confession of faith and signed a submission agreeing to catholic teaching on the eucharist. 1570, p. 2159, 1576, p. 1865, 1583, p. 1974.

Brother-in-law of Richard Woodman.

Richard Woodman's brother-in-law George Beching was worried that Woodman might have thought that he had betrayed him, but Woodman told him that he did not suspect him. 1570, p. 2171, 1576, p. 1875, 1583, p. 1984.

(c. 1504 - 1536) [ODNB]

Viscount Rochford (1529 - 36); courtier and diplomat; brother of Anne; beheaded

When Anne Boleyn was sent Simon Fish's book, Supplication for the Beggars, her brother urged her to show it to the king. 1570, p. 448; 1570, p. 1152; 1576, p. 986; 1583, p. 1014.

Anne Boleyn, her father and her brother maintained many learned men at Cambridge. 1563, p. 509; 1570, p. 1198; 1576, p. 1026; 1583, p. 1054.

Lord Rochford helped to carry the canopy over Princess Elizabeth at her christening. 1563, p. 510; 1570, p. 1199; 1576, p. 1026; 1583, p. 1054.

Queen Anne was imprisoned in the Tower with her brother and others. She was beheaded, delivering a short address before. 1563, p. 526; 1570, p. 1233; 1576, p. 1055; 1583, p. 1082.

BA (1546-47), MA (1549). Proctor [of Trinity College] (1555 - 1556). (Venn)

George Boyes was present at the burning of John Hullier. He berated Hullier at the stake. 1570, p. 2196, 1576, p. 1895, 1583, p. 2004.

Persecutor in Calais.

George Bradway went mad around the time of the death of Mary. 1563, p. 1736, 1570, p. 2299, 1576, p. 1992, 1583, p. 2101.

Clerk to the controller in the customs house, Calais

The council of Calais began to doubt whether they could get evidence of heresy against Broke. They imprisoned George Bradway and got him to accuse Broke of embezzlement by threatening that otherwise he would be blamed for the offence. In remorse, he cut his throat. He survived but went mad for a time. 1563, p. 666; 1570, p. 1405; 1576, p. 1198; 1583, p. 1227.

(d. 1556)

Martyr. Of Bromfield, Kent.

George Brodbridge was examined by Nicholas Harpsfield and Thornden on 3 August for having refused to say confession to a priest. 1563, p. 1273. The examination is referred to in 1570, p. 1884, 1576, p. 1614, 1583, p. 1708.

Articles were put to Brodbridge which he answered. 1563, p. 1273. Referred to in 1570, p. 1884, 1576, p. 1614, 1583, p. 1708.

He was burned on 6 August 1556 according to 1563 (p. 1273), or about 6 September [1556] according to later editions: 1570, p. 1184, 1576, p. 1614, 1583, p. 1708, at Canterbury.

(Lord Cobham) (1527 - 1597)

9th Lord Cobham (Complete Peerage)

Signatory to a letter from the Privy Council to Princess Mary, dated 9 July 1553, stating that she was illegitimate and that Jane Grey was Edward VI's true heir (1570, p. 1567; 1576, p. 1337; 1583, pp. 1406-7).

He accompanied Mary to Westminster Abbey for her coronation on 1 October 1553 (1570, p. 1635; 1576, p. 1395; 1583, p. 1466).

He was committed to the Tower in February 1554 (1570, p. 1580; 1576, p. 1348; 1583, p. 1419).

He was released from the Tower on 24 March 1554 (1570, p. 1635; 1576, p 1395; 1583, p. 1466).

Son of the 9th Lord Cobham

Arraigned on 19 February 1554 but never tried (1570, p. 1637; 1576, p 1397; 1583, p. 1467).

(1497? - 1558) [ODNB]

9th Baron Cobham (1529 - 58)

Soldier; JP Kent; lieutenant-general for the invasion of Scotland 1544; deputy of Calais (1544 - 50)

Lord Cobham was a deponent in the case of Stephen Gardiner. 1563, pp. 826-27.

Lord Cobham is given as an example of one wrongly accused and judged. 1570, p. 1360; 1576, p. 1161; 1583, p. 1189.

Draper of Much Hadham, Hertfordshire [Fines]

George Bull was charged in London in 1531 for speaking against confession to a priest except for counsel in how to confess to God and one's neighbour, for saying that Luther was a good man and for saying that a well sprang up where Wyclif's bones were burned. 1563, p. 419; 1570, p. 1187; 1576, p. 1016; 1583, p. 1044.

(1521?-1580)

DD (1557). Master of St John's College (1554 - 1559), Lady Margaret Professor of Divinity (1557-1559). (DNB)

Bullock brought Pole's citation to Cambridge, where it was first exhibited in the convocation house on 11 December 1557. 1563, p. 1537, 1570, p. 2142, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1956.

He was present for the judgement against Bucer and Phagius on 17 January 1557. 1563, p. 1538, 1570, p. 2147, 1576, p. 1867, 1583, p. 1956.

When the commission found no witnesses to support Bucer and Phagius, they called aside DrsYoung, Sedgwick, Bullock, Taylor, Maptide, Hunter, Parker, Redman, as well as Brown, Gogman, Rud, Johnson, Mitch, Raven and Carre. They were all commanded to give witness against Bucer and Phagius. 1563, p. 1538, 1570, p. 2147, 1576, p. 1867, 1583, p. 1956.

[Bullock's religious sympathies are indicated by his retirement to Nevers Abbey, France, in the reign of Edward VI (from 1550 - 1553). In 1559 he was ejected from the mastership of St John's, deprived of the Lady Margaret professorship and all of his other ecclesiastical livings for refusing to take the oath of supremacy. He then returned to France and died in Antwerp in 1580.]

(1520/21 - 1572) [ODNB]

Theologian; BA Cambridge 1538; MA 1541; BTh 1554; DTh 1557; in exile (1551 - 53); master of St John's Cambridge (1554 - 59); Lady Margaret professor of divinity (1558 - 59); in exile until death

George Bullock was a deponent in the case of Stephen Gardiner. 1563, pp. 846-47.

(d. 1556)

Martyr. Of Hythe.

George Catmer was the husband of Joan Catmer. 1570, p. 2032.

He was examined by Nicholas Harpsfield and Thornden on 3 August. 1563, p. 1273.

Foxe records the articles against him and his answers in 1563, p. 1273. These are referred to in 1570, p. 1884, 1576, p. 1614 and 1583, p. 1708.

He was burned on 6 August 1556 according to 1563 (p. 1273), or about 6 September [1556] according to later editions: 1570, p. 1184, 1576, p. 1614, 1583, p. 1708, at Canterbury.

Warden. Of Manchester [Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Mary, ed. C. S. Knighton (1998), p. 482 and n.].

On 28 March 1555 Master Colier, Dr Pendleton and Stephen Bech visited John Bradford in the Counter. 1563, p. 1213, 1570, p. 1802, 1576, p. 1537, 1583, p. 1620.

Bradford wrote his religious convictions down for Weston, and on or around 28 March 1555 Dr Pendleton, Master Colier (described as sometime warden of Manchester) and Stephen Beche visited Bradford in the Counter. 1563, p. 1213, 1570, p. 1800, 1576, p. 1537, 1583, p. 1620.

(1501? - 1561)

Protestant Reformer and translator. Registrar of St David's (1546 - 1550), Archdeacon of Carmarthen (1549 - 1554), Archdeacon of Brecon (1559 - 1561). Father-in-law of Thomas Young [DNB; Venn]. Brother-in-law of Thomas Lee (Andrew J. Brown, Robert Ferrar (London, 1997), p. 186]

Constantine was one of Robert Ferrar's chief opponents in the diocese of St David's. 1563, p. 1084; 1570, p. 1722; 1576, p. 1470; 1583, p. 1544.

According to Foxe, Constantine was motivated to act against Ferrar because the bishop opposed his despoiling the church, his simony and his laxity. 1570, p. 1722; 1576, p. 1470.

His opposition to Ferrar is detailed in 1563, pp. 1088-93; 1583, pp. 1546-50.

He was accused by Ferrar of improper procedures when gathering evidence against him. 1563, pp. 1093 and 1095; 1570, p. 1722; 1576, p. 1470; 1583, pp. 1550 and 1551-52.

Ferrar denounced Constantine in letters to Lord Chancellor Thomas Goodrich. 1563, pp. 1096-98; 1570, pp. 1725-26; 1576, pp. 1472[recte 1474]-80; 1583, pp. 1552-53 and 1555-56.

Constantine acted as a notary and officiated at the examinations and trial of Ferrar for heresy in 1554. 1563, pp. 1098-99; 1570, pp. 1723-24; 1576, pp. 1471-72; 1583, pp. 1554-55.

(c. 1500 - in or before 1561) [ODNB]

Evangelical reformer; BCL 1523-4; probably helped Tyndale in the publication and distribution of The Examination of William Thorpe; fled to Antwerp 1531-32; archdeacon of Carmarthen 1549; in exile 1556-58; archdeacon of Brecon 1559; held the original of William Thorpe's document

George Constantine was suspected of heresy and in the custody of Sir Thomas More, chancellor. More asked him who was helping the writers in exile, and Constantine said that Cuthbert Tunstall, bishop of London, had paid a great deal of money to buy their books and burn them. Constantine was said to have later betrayed some of his companions. 1563, p. 443; 1570, p. 1159; 1576, p. 991; 1583, p. 1019.

Christopher Fulman was charged in London in 1532 with receiving illicit books from George Constantine in Antwerp, bringing them to England and selling them. 1570, p. 1189; 1576, p. 1018; 1583, p. 1046.

of London; charged in 1528 [Fines]

George Cooper, along with many others, abjured. 1563, p. 419; 1570, p. 1191; 1576, p. 1019; 1583, p. 1048.

Bishop of Chester (1554 - 1555) (DNB)

George Cotes was presented to the bishopric, January 1554 (1570, p. 1636; 1576, p 1396; and 1583, p. 1467).

He re-established catholic services and ceremonies. 1570, pp. 1735-36; 1576, p. 1470 [recte 1482]; 1583, p. 1565.

He imprisoned George Marsh in the episcopal palace. 1563, p. 1119; 1570, pp. 1731 and 1735-36; 1576, pp. 1478 and 1470 [recte 1482]; 1583, pp. 1561 and 1565.

He examined Marsh several times and worked earnestly, through both coercion and persuasion, to force him to recant. 1563, pp. 1119-20; 1570, pp. 1736-37; 1576, pp. 1470 [recte 1482]-77 [recte 1483]; 1583, pp. 1565-66.

Cotes condemned Marsh but he delayed reading the sentence in order to give him a last chance to recant. When Marsh refused, Cotes read the sentence and said that he would no longer pray for him. 1563, pp. 1120-21; 1570, pp. 1737-38; 1576, p. 1477 [recte 1483], 1583, p. 1566.

After Marsh's execution, Cotes preached a sermon denouncing Marsh as a heretic. He was subsequently stricken with a fatal venereal disease as divine retribution. 1563, p. 1122; 1570, p. 1738; 1576, p. 1484; 1583, p. 1567.

George Cotes died before Queen Mary. 1563, p. 1707, 1570, p. 2301, 1576, p. 1992, 1583, p. 2101.

[Foxe calls him 'Coates' and calls the diocese of Chester, 'Westchester'.]

(d. 1556) DD Oxford; fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford 1527; master of Balliol (1539 - 45); bishop of Chester (1554 - 56) [Fasti]

In 1539 Richard Smyth and George Cotes ran the divinity schools at Oxford. 1563, p. 574.

Abbot of Holyrood; bishop of Dunkeld (1526 - 44) [Fasti ecclesiae scoticanae]

George Crichton was one of those who passed the sentence definitive on Patrick Hamilton in 1528. 1570, p. 1108; 1576, p. 948; 1583, p. 975.

Friars reported Thomas Forret as a heretic to George Crichton, who counselled him not to preach so often. Crichton proudly claimed not to know the Old or New Testament. 1570, p. 1442; 1576, p. 1230; 1583, p. 1266.

Soon afterward, a summons was directed from David Beaton and Crichton upon Thomas Forret, John Beveridge, John Kelowe, Duncan Sympson and Robert Foster, along with three or four others from Stirling. They were condemned for heresy without any opportunity to recant and burnt together on the castle hill in Edinburgh. 1570, p. 1442; 1576, p. 1230; 1583, p. 1266.

Priest of Calais [Fines]

After an exhaustive inquisition for heretics, George Darby was one of those brought before the commissioners in Calais in 1540, charged and imprisoned. 1563, p. 665; 1570, p. 1404; 1576, p. 1197; 1583, p. 1227.

(1501? - 1556)

Bishop of Chichester (1543 - 1551, 1553 - 1556) [DNB]

George Day was delivered from the Fleet 4 August 1553; he preached at Edward VI's funeral, 8 August 1553 (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1394; 1583, p. 1456).

He preached at Mary's coronation, 1 October 1553 (1570; p. 1635, 1576; p. 1395; 1583; p. 1466).

He was one of the commissioners who presided over the deprivation of John Hooper. 1563, pp. 1054-55; 1570, pp. 1678-79; 1576, pp. 1432-33; 1583, p. 1506.

Hooper wrote a letter to Day which Foxe mentions, but did not print. 1563, p. 1063; 1570, p. 1686; 1576, p. 1439; 1583, p. 1512.

Day sought to persuade Sir James Hales to submit to Gardiner and abjure his actions, if not his religious convictions. 1563, p. 1116; 1570, p. 1719; 1576, p.1458; 1583, p. 1532.

On 23 February 1555 the archbishop of York (Nicholas Heath) and the bishop of Chichester (George Day) went to the Counter to speak with John Bradford. They talked for three hours. 1563, pp. 1204-08, 1570, pp. 1794-97, 1576, pp. 1532-34, 1583, pp. 1615-17.

John Bradford was asked by Heath and Day to read a book that had done Dr Crome good. 1563, p. 1208, 1570, p. 1797, 1576, 1524, 1583, p. 1617.

Day visited Gardiner in prison. 1563, p. 1383, 1570, p. 1952, 1576, p. 1679, 1583, p. 1786.

Philpot's eleventh examination, on St Andrew's day, was before Durham, Chichester, Bath, Bonner, the prolocutor, Christopherson, Chadsey, Morgan of Oxford, Hussey of the Arches, Weston, John Harpsfield, Cosin, and Johnson. 1563, pp. 1425-34, 1570, pp. 1986-92, 1576, pp. 1710-15, 1583, pp. 1817-22.

During Philpot's twelfth examination, Worcester told Philpot that Durham and Chichester would be coming to speak with him. 1563, pp. 1434-37, 1570, pp. 1992-96, 1576, pp. 1715-17, 1583, pp. 1822-24.

Philpot's thirteenth examination was before York, Chichester and others. 1570, p. 1996, 1576, pp. 1717-19, 1583, p. 1824-26.

The last examination of Philpot was on 16 December 1555 before Bonner and other bishops, including York, Chichester, Bath, John Harpsfield, Chadsey, Bonner, into which entered William Garret, knight, the lord mayor and the sheriff (Thomas Leigh) of London, Sir Martin Bowes, knight,. 1563, p. 1441, 1570, pp. 1997-98, 1576, p. 1719, 1583, p. 1827.

George Day died before Queen Mary. 1563, p. 1707, 1570, p. 2301, 1576, p. 1992, 1583, p. 2101.

[No relation to John Day the printer or Richard Day the martyr.]

(c. 1502 - 1556) [ODNB]

BA Cambridge 1521; MA 1524; 1st Linacre professor of medicine 1525; university public orator 1528

Bishop of Chichester (1543 - 1551, 1553 - 56)

George Day gave an oration at the beginning of the trial of John Lambert before Henry VIII. 1563, p. 534; 1570, p. 1282; 1576, p. 1096; 1583, p. 1122.

Edward Seymour stood against the bishops of Chichester, Norwich, Lincoln, London and others at the consultation at Windsor in the first year of Edward VI's reign. 1570, p. 1551; 1576, p. 1322; 1583, p. 1372.

George Day was a deponent in the case of Stephen Gardiner. 1563, p. 854.

Justice of Kent

Justice Drainer sent Gregory Dods before justice George Dorell, who banished him from the country. . 1563, p. 1730, 1576, p. 2002, 1583, p. 2112.

of S Martin's at the Well with two buckets; one of 11 presented in 1541 for condemning church ceremonies [Fines]

George Durant was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1377; 1576, p. 1175; 1583, p. 1203.

(d. 1577) [ODNB]

Nephew of Archbishop James Beaton of St Andrews; archdeacon of St Andrews c. 1522; papal provision to Dunfermline Abbey (held by the archbishop) in 1526; sole superior (1539 - 72); ceded the archdeaconry to his nephew Robert Pitcairn in 1539

MP, lord of the council, diplomat; keeper of the privy seal (1552 - 55); took part in heresy trials 1527, 1550, 1558; resident in France (1560 - 70); had 4 illegitimate sons

George Durie was one of those who passed the sentence definitive on Patrick Hamilton in 1528. 1570, p. 1109; 1576, p. 948; 1583, p. 975.

Durie sat on the assize that deprived and exiled John Kerr. 1570, p. 1448; 1576, p. 1235; 1583, p. 1272.

He sat on the assize that tried and condemned Adam Wallace. 1570, pp. 1448-50; 1576, pp. 1235-36; 1583, pp. 1272-73.

Durie sat on the assize that tried and condemned Walter Mylne. 1570, p. 1452; 1576, p. 1238; 1583, p. 1275.

(d. 1557)

Martyr. Tailor. Itinerant preacher. From the Colchester area.

When charged with reading to the people in the woods, John Allerton said that he had not, save once, when he was in the company of George Eagles and Richard Roth, when Roth desired him to read something he had upon him. 1570, p. 2212, 1576, p. 1909, 1583, p. 2016.

Eagles preached during Edward VI's reign and then became itinerant during Mary's reign, which coined him the nickname of 'Trudgeover'. 1563, p. 1614, 1570, p. 2202, 1576, p. 1900, 1583, p. 2009.

John Johnson testified that he learned his heretical beliefs - denial of the eucharist and the power of a priest to absolve sin - from 'Trudgon'. He said that 'Trudgon' was a true prophet. 1563, p. 1614, 1570, p. 2202, 1576, p. 1900, 1583, p. 2009.

Eagles preached in and around Colchester during Mary's reign. 1570, p. 2202, 1576, p. 1901, 1583, p. 2009.

Spies were sent out to track down Eagles and bring him to the authorities either dead or alive. 1570, p. 2202, 1576, p. 1901, 1583, p. 2009.

Eagles' brethren hid him on several occasions, evading the authorities. 1570, p. 2203, 1576, p. 1901, 1583, p. 2009.

An edict was declared across Essex, Suffolk, Kent and Norwich, promising £20 to anyone who captured Eagles. 1570, p. 2203, 1576, p. 1901, 1583, p. 2009.

Eagles was captured in Colchester on Mary Magdalen's day 1557. 1570, p. 2203, 1576, p. 1901, 1583, p. 2009.

Eagles was committed to prison in Colchester and then, four days later, was conveyed to Chelmsford where, during his first night, he refused food and drink and kept continual prayer. 1570, p. 2203, 1576, p. 1901, 1583, p. 2009.

Eagles was indicted. 1570, p. 2203, 1576, p. 1901, 1583, p. 2009.

After his indictment, Eagles was taken to the new inn, called the Crown, in Chelmsford, by William Swallow. 1570, p. 2203, 1576, p. 1901, 1583, p. 2009.

Richard Potto, the innkeeper of the Cock Inn, tried to persuade George Eagles to ask the queen's forgiveness. 1570, p. 2203, 1576, p. 1901, 1583, p. 2009.

Eagles was drawn on a sledge to his execution. He carried with him a psalm book, from which he read aloud on the journey. 1570, p. 2203, 1576, p. 1901, 1583, p. 2010.

When Eagles was on the ladder, Potto again troubled him, begging him to ask forgiveness, but the sheriff pushed him away. 1563, 1615, 1570, p. 2003, 1576, p. 1901, 1583, p. 2010.

Eagles was executed with two thieves, one of whom asked Christ for mercy, the other rebuking such actions. These two men were hanged before Eagles suffered, the repentant man saying his prayers and passing quietly, the scoffer being unable to speak or pray prior to his death. 1563, 1615, 1570, p. 2003, 1576, p. 1901, 1583, p. 2010.

Eagles was hanged for a time but then cut down before he was dead. 1563, 1615, 1570, p. 2003, 1576, p. 1901, 1583, p. 2010.

William Swallow, a bailiff of Chelmsford, then put Eagles on the sled, laid his neck across it, and proceeded to hack at Eagles with a blunt cleaver, hitting him many times on the shoulders, chin, mangling him, and then cut out his heart. Eagles' body was then quartered, his bowels burned, and the body parts put on fish-stalls before Swallow's door, until horses were ready to take the quarters away - one each to Colchester, Harwich, Chelmsford, and St Osyth's. His head was placed on a pole in Chelmsford market until the wind blew it down, and eventually somebody buried it in the churchyard at night. 1563, p. 1615, 1570, p. 2204, 1576, p. 1902, 1583, p. 2010.

Tailor; itinerant preacher; from the Colchester area; tried for treason in 1556; hanged, decapitated[Fines]

George Eagles is given as an example of one wrongly accused and judged. 1570, p. 1360; 1576, p. 1161; 1583, p. 1189.

George Eaton received a letter from John Bradford. 1570, pp. 1833-34, 1576, pp. 1568-69, 1583, p. 1651.

Protestant. Of Lancashire.

George Eckersly, along with Jeffrey Hurst, Henry Brown and Simon Smith, was asked to perform the duty of ensuring that the queen's proceedings took place. 1570, p. 2280, 1576, p. 1968, 1583, p. 2075.

Merchant; gave Henry VIII a copy of Supplication for the Beggars

George Elyot and George Robinson brought a copy of Supplication for the Beggars to the king and read it out to him. He put it away in a drawer and had them swear not to tell anyone he had read it. 1570, p. 1153; 1576, p. 987; 1583, p. 1014.

(1500 - 1579) (DNB)

Put in Tower, 5 August 1553. Foxe calls him 'Lord Feries', (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1394; 1583, p. 1465).

Accompanied Queen to Westminster Abbey, 1 October 1553. Foxe calls him 'Lord Ferris', (1570, p. 1635; 1576, p. 1395; 1583, p. 1466).

(1525? - 1577)

Studied at Trinity College Cambridge but left without qualification. Entered the Middle Temple (1548). MP Beford (1557 - 1558, 1558 - 1559). Elected MP for Midhurst (1572) but his seat was refused as creditors had taken proceedings against him. (DNB )

Driver and Gouch were examined at Ipswich before Dr Spencer and Dr Gascoigne. 1563, pp. 1670-71, 1570, p. 2247, 1576, pp. 1941-42, 1583, p. 2048.

George Goodyear was master of the artificer John Tudson (apprentice). Goodyear lived in the parish of St. Mary Botolph. 1563, p. 1467, 1570, p. 2029, 1576, p. 1749, 1583, p. 1857.

[Also referred to as 'Goodyere'.]

(1513 - 1562) [ODNB]

4th earl of Huntly (1517 - 1562); magnate

The earl of Huntly sat on the assize that condemned Sir John Borthwick for heresy. 1563, p. 575; 1583, p. 1259.

He sat on the assize that deprived and exiled John Kerr. 1570, p. 1448; 1576, p. 1235; 1583, p. 1272.

He sat on the assize that tried and condemned Adam Wallace. 1570, pp. 1448-50; 1576, pp. 1235-36; 1583, pp. 1272-73.

Brother of Sir Thomas Hall

Sir Thomas Hall received a letter from John Bradford which mentioned George. 1583, p. 1660.

Beadle. Of Auborn, Lincolnshire.

William Living told John Launce and others to return later, at which point Dean the constable and George Hancock the beadle searched Living's books and found a copy of a work by Joahnnes de Sacro Bosco. 1563, p. 1673, 1570, p. 2265, 1576, p. 1956, 1583, p. 2063.

Clerk

George How witnessed the degradation of John Rogers and John Hooper on 4 February 1555. 1563, p. 1058; 1570, p. 1681; 1576, p. 1435; 1583, p. 1508.

(1490x95 - 1553) [ODNB]

Evangelical author; BA Cambridge 1513; BTh 1524-5. Suspected of heresy, fled abroad in 1527; revised Tyndale's 1526 English New Testament in 1534 (Tyndale produced his own 3 months later); in conflict with Gardiner; returned to England after the death of Henry VIII

In a letter to John Frith, William Tyndale reported that George Joye in Bergen op Zoom had printed two leaves of Genesis and sent one copy to the king and the other to the new queen (Anne). He had also asked for licence to print the whole of the scriptures. 1563, p. 521; 1570, p. 1231; 1576, p. 1054; 1583, p. 1081.

George Joye wrote a rejoinder to Stephen Gardiner's articles against Robert Barnes. 1570, p. 1371; 1576, p. 1169; 1583, p. 1198.

Joye was one of the authors whose books were banned by the proclamation of 1546. 1563, p. 676; 1570, p. 1427; 1576, p. 1216; 1583, p. 1246.

In a letter to Edward Seymour, Lord Protector, Stephen Gardiner complained of Joye's books. 1563, p. 733; 1583, p. 1342.

(d. 1555)

Martyr. Of unknown occupation and origin.

George King was examined by Bishop Bonner. 1563, p. 1250, 1570, p. 1868, 1576, p. 1599, 1583, p. 1689.

A letter was sent by the commissioners to Bonner requesting examination of the accused London sacramentaries (including King). The letter was dated 2 July 1555 and signed by Nicholas Hare, William Roper, Richard Rede, and William Cooke. 1563, p. 1250, 1570, p. 1868, 1576, p. 1599, 1583, p. 1689.

George King was a prisoner for his beliefs in Lollards' Tower. He became so weak he was removed to a house in the city, where he died. He was cast out into the fields and buried at night. 1563, p. 1271, 1570, p. 1883, 1576, p. 1575, 1583, p. 1702.

[Foxe calles him Thomas King in the 1563 edition.]

(d. 1559)

Domestic chaplain to Cardinal Pole, canon of Canterbury (DNB)

Henrician act of attainder against him reversed in Parliament in 1555 (1570, p. 1654; 1576, p. 1411; 1583, p. 1481).

Also referred to as 'Lilly'.

Of Coddenham, Suffolk.

George Looson, along with John Haman, arrested Thomas Spurdance, who had fled Cornfield for not attending mass. 1563, p. 1677.

(d. 1537) [ODNB]

Rebel: involved in the 2nd phase of the Pilgrimage of Grace led by Sir Francis Bigod. Hanged, drawn, quartered

[Foxe calls him William Lomley]

Lumley and other rebels were executed in 1537. 1570, p. 1239; 1576, p. 1061; 1583, p. 1087.

Of East Thorpe.

Robert Searles died in the house of George Manners. 1563, p. 1678.

George Manning was sent with John Bates to seach for Agnes Wardall in the fields near her house. Wardall had escaped into the fields and hidden in a ditch. George Manning found where she was and gave her a warning to be still so that his co-searcher, John Bate, did not find her. She remained still and escaped, thanks to Manning. 1570, pp. 2124-25, 1576, pp. 1846-47, 1583, pp. 1940-41.

(1515? - 1555)

Farmer, curate and martyr [DNB]

Foxe recounts his early life. 1563, pp. 1118-19; 1570, p. 1731; 1576, p. 1478; 1583, p. 1561.

George Marsh refused to flee and surrendered to the authorities. 1570, pp. 1731-32; 1576, pp. 1478-79; 1583, pp. 1561-62.

He was examined and questioned by the earl of Derby. 1570, pp. 1732-35; 1576, pp. 1479-81; 1583, pp. 1562-64.

He was imprisoned at Latham House, the earl of Derby's residence. 1570, p. 1735; 1576, pp. 1481-1470 [recte 1482]; 1583, p. 1565.

He was imprisoned at Lancaster. 1563, p. 1119; 1570, pp. 1735-36; 1576, p. 1470; 1583, p. 1565. Marsh was supplied with meat and drink during his imprisonment by the mayor of Lancaster. 1570, p. 1646; 1576, p. 1440 [recte 1404]; 1583, p. 1475.

Marsh was examined by Bishop Cotes of Chester. 1563, pp. 1120-21; 1570, pp. 1736-37; 1576, pp. 1470 [recte 1482]- 1477 [recte 1483]; 1583, pp. 1565-66.

His final appearance before Bishop Cotes and condemnation: 1563, pp. 1120-21; 1570, pp. 1737-38; 1576, pp. 1477 [recte 1483]-1484; 1583, p. 1566.

Foxe recounts his martyrdom and posthumous denunciation as an heretic by Bishop Cotes. 1563, pp. 1121-22; 1570, p. 1738; 1576, p. 1484; 1583, pp. 1566-67.

His letters: 1563, pp. 1128-35; 1570, pp. 1735-48; 1576, pp. 1484-91; 1583, pp. 1567-74.

Philpot's eighth examination was before Bonner, John Harpsfield, St David's, Mordant and others. 1563, pp. 1419-20, 1570, pp. 1982-83, 1576, pp. 1705-06, 1583, p. 1814.

[In a letter that was never delivered] Green told Philpot of his presentment on 17 November before Bonner and two bishops, Master Dean, Roper, Welch, John Harpsfield, and two or three others. Dr Dale, Master George Mordant and John Dee were also there. 1563, p. 1460, 1570, p. 2023, 1576, p. 1744, 1583, p. 1852.

(d. 1558)

Physician. (DNB)

George Owen called to see if Elizabeth was too ill to be removed from Ashbridge. 1563, p. 1711, 1570, p. 2288, 1576, p. 1982, 1583, p. 2091.

(c. 1499 - 1558) [ODNB]

MA Oxford 1521; BM 1525; DM 1528; physician to Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary

King Edward said a private prayer on his deathbed which was overheard by his physician, George Owen. Owen was present at his death. 1563, p. 900; 1570, p. 1565; 1576, p. 1335; 1583, p. 1395.

Master of St Nicholas' hostel. D. C. L. (1529) [Venn]

Latimer's adversaries are listed: bishop of Ely (preached against him in King's College), Dr Watson (Master of Christ's College), Dr Norton (Master of Clare), Dr Philo (Master of Michael House), Dr Metcalfe (Master of St John), Dr Blith (of the King's Hall), Dr Bullock (Master of Queen's College), Dr Palmes (Master of St Nicholas hostel), Bayne, Rud and Greenwood of St John's, Brikenden of St John's also, and said to have been a scholar of Latimer's. 1563, p. 1307, 1570, p. 1904, 1576, p. 1631, 1583,p. 1735.

Priest of London; parson of St Pancras and curate of Little All Hallows; in 1541 charged with possessing illicit books [Fines]

George Parker was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1379; 1576, p. 1177; 1583, p. 1205.

of Steeple Bumpstead, Essex [Fines]

George Preston and his wife, with many from Steeple Bumpstead, abjured. 1570, p. 1190; 1576, p. 1019; 1583, p. 1047.

Constable of Mendlesham.

Adam Foster was taken from his house by the constable George Revet and Thomas Mouse, at the commandement of Sir John Tyrrel, because he would not go to church. Afterwards, both constables were stricken with sickness. Revet, although a great reader of scripture, allowed his son to help the priest say mass and subsequently suffered swelling in his legs and died miserably. 1563, p. 1529, 1570, p. 1098, 1576, p. 1810, 1583, p. 1917.

George Revet was stricken with illness late in Mary's or early in Elizabeth's reign and died. 1570, p. 2302, 1576, p. 1992, 1583, p. 2101.

Merchant; gave Henry VIII Supplication for the Beggars

George Elyot and George Robinson brought a copy of Supplication for the Beggars to the king and read it out to him. He put it away in a drawer and had them swear not to tell anyone he had read it. 1570, p. 1153; 1576, p. 987; 1583, p. 1014.

(d. 1555)

Martyr. Of unknown occupation and origin.

George Roper was condemned and burned at Canterbury with John Web and Gregory Parke. 1563, pp. 1386-87, 1570, pp. 1959-60, 1576, p. 1687, 1583, p. 1794.

Roper was younger than the other two, who were somewhat elderly. Roper jumped to the stake and put out his arms, crucifixion-style, throughout his burning and kept them there until they were burned off. All three wore white linen gowns that were removed at the stake. 1570, p. 1960, 1576, p. 1688.

(1535/6? - 1556)

Tailor. Martyr. Of White Notley.

George Searles was apprehended during Lent. He was sent to Colchester Castle for six weeks, then to Bonner's coal house, then Lollard's Tower, then to Newgate. He was sent to Bonner by Lord. 1563, p. 1524, 1570, p. 2096, 1576, p. 1808, 1583, p. 1915.

On 6 June 1556 Darbyshire, Bonner's chancellor, read articles against him (essentially the same as those against Thomas Whittle), which he answered. 1563, pp. 1523-24, 1570, p. 2095, 1576, p. 1808, 1583, pp. 1914-16.

He signed a letter written with his fellow sufferers that berated Feckenham for preaching against them on 14 June 1556. 1563, pp. 1526-27, 1570, p. 2097, 1576, pp. 1809-10, 1583, p. 1916.

Searles was imprisoned at Newgate and burned at Stratford-le-Bow on 27 June 1556. 1563, p. 1525, 1570, p. 2097, 1576, p. 1808, 1583, p. 1916.

(c. 1508 - 1549) [ODNB]

4th Lord Seton; nobleman; privy councillor in 1543 in the government of the regent, James Hamilton, 2nd earl of Arran

George Seton sat on the assize that condemned Sir John Borthwick for heresy. 1563, p. 575; 1583, p. 1259.

George Shipside was the brother-in-law of Nicholas Ridley. 1570, p. 1896, 1576, p. 1623, 1583, pp. 1717-18.

Dr Heath, bishop of Worcester, came to Shipside's aid when Bonner wished him dead. 1570, p. 1896, 1576, p. 1623, 1583, p. 1718.

Shipside could testify to Ridley's kindness to Edmund Bonner's mother and sister. 1570, p. 1896, 1576, p. 1623, 1583, p. 1718.

Grindal wrote to Ridley from his exile in Frankfort, to which letter Ridley replied. Ridley mentioned that he knew that his brother-in-law, Shipside, had spent much time in prison but was now released. 1570, pp. 1901-02, 1576, pp. 1628-30, 1583, pp. 1729-30.

Ridley had married his widowed sister to his servant George Shipside and provided for them and for her three children. The lease had been lost through the action of Bonner, and Ridley pleaded with Queen Mary to provide relief for his sister. 1570, pp. 1935-36, 1576, p. 1660, 1583, p. 1768.

Ridley gave his gown and tippet to Shipside. 1563, p. 1377, 1570, p. 1937, 1576, p. 1661, 1583, p. 1769.

Ridley's 'friendly farewell' sent greetings to him. 1570, pp. 1939-43, 1576, pp. 1622-28, 1583, pp. 1770-76.

Citizen of London in 1549

The lord mayor and common council of London, having received contrary instructions and demands for military assistance from the king and Lord Protector on the one hand, and from the lords opposed to the Lord Protector on the other, were uncertain how to proceed. The recorder argued in favour of the lords. George Stadlowe argued for the king. 1570, p. 1548; 1576, pp. 1319-20; 1583, pp. 1369-70.

of Durham; B.A., 1514-15; M.A. 1517; B.D. 1523-24; fellow of Pembroke (1515) and the Lady Margaret reader in divinity (1524). [Venn & Venn

George Stafford disputed with Robert Barnes for his BTh at Cambridge. 1563, p. 601; 1570, p. 1364; 1576, p. 1164; 1583, p. 1192.

Hugh Latimer heard of Humphrey Monmouth from George Stafford at Cambridge and made use of his story in his sermons. 1570, p. 1134; 1576, p. 970; 1583, p. 997.

George Stafford visited a priest with plague, Henry Conjurer, to convert him. He succeeded, but himself contracted plague and died. Latimer had formerly preached against Stafford and barred his students from hearing him, but was grateful that he was able to ask Stafford's forgiveness before he died. 1570, p. 1152; 1576, p. 986; 1583, p. 1013.

(d. 1557)

Martyr. Of unknown occupation and origin.

George Stevens was burned at Lewes on 22 June 1557. 1563, p. 1602, 1570, p. 2195, 1576, p. 1895, 1583, p. 2003.

Priest in Dysart, Fife

George Straqwhen and Hugh Turry arrested Walter Mylne in Dysart and took him to St Andrews to the archbishop. 1570, p. 1452; 1576, p. 1238; 1583, p. 1274.

(1468 - 1538) [ODNB]

4th earl of Shrewsbury (1473 - 1538) and 4th earl of Waterford; magnate; great steward of the king's household

The earl of Northumberland was given a commission by the king to arrest Thomas Wolsey at Cawood Castle and turn him over to the earl of Shrewsbury. Although Wolsey protested, he submitted to the arrest. 1570, p. 1132; 1576, p. 970; 1583, p. 996.

The king sent the dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk, the marquess of Exeter and the earl of Shrewsbury into Yorkshire to put down the Pilgrimage of Grace. 1570, pp. 1237-38; 1576, pp. 1059-60; 1583, pp. 1086-87.

(1527? - 1555)

Born in York, lived in London. Cook. Martyr.

George Tankerfield was a papist during the reign of Edward. He converted under Mary. 1563, p. 1251, 1570, p. 1869, 1576, p. 1600, 1583, 1689.

He was examined by Bishop Bonner. 1563, pp. 1250-51, 1570, pp. 1869-70, 1576, pp. 1600-01, 1583, pp. 1689-90.

His wife was tricked by Beard, who later attacked him. George Tankerfield was then taken to Newgate by Beard and Simon Ponder. 1563, p. 1251, 1570, p. 1869, 1576, p. 1600, 1583, p. 1689.

He wa sent in by Roger Cholmey and Dr Martin. 1563, p. 1251, 1570, p. 1869, 1576, p. 1600, 1583, p. 1689.

A letter was sent by the commissioners to Bonner requesting examination of the accused members of the London sacramentaries (including Tankerfield). It was dated 2 July 1555 and signed by Nicholas Hare, William Roper, Richard Rede, and William Cooke. 1563, p. 1250, 1570, p. 1868, 1576, p. 1599, 1583, p. 1689.

Tankerfield was burned at St Albans on 26 August 1555. 1563, p. 1252, 1570, p. 1870, 1576, p. 1601, 1583, p. 1691.

George Torpelley was a witness to William Glover's godly death. 1570, p. 1892, 1576, p. 1620, 1583, p. 1714.

He was a friend of Edward Bourton who berated the curate of St Chad's, Shrewsbury, for refusing to bury Bourton in the church. 1563, p. 1277, 1570, p. 1892, 1576, p.1620 , 1583, p. 1714.

Dutch surgeon of Mainz [Fines]

Naturalised 29 October 1550; member of the Dutch strangers' church; examined in 1551 - Coverdale translated; martyred at Smithfield

George van Parris and Joan Bocher were the only martyrs during Edward VI's reign. 1563, p. 685; 1570, p. 1486; 1576, p. 1260; 1583, p. 1297.

(1509 - 1556)

Justice. Mercer and alderman of Canterbury. [Bindoff, Commons]

Bland was taken before Sir John Baker, Master Petit, Master Webbe, and two others whose identity was unknown to Bland. 1563, p. 1223, 1570, p. 1847, 1576, p. 1581, 1583, p. 1668.

Master Webbe spoke gently to Bland to urge him to watch what he said. 1563, p. 1224, 1570, p. 1848, 1576, p. 1581, 1583, p. 1669.

Bland remained in the castle of Canterbury until 2 March, when he was taken to the chapter house of Christ Church (Canterbury), to the suffragen of Canterbury, Master Collins, Master Mylles and others, then to Master Oxenden, Master Petit, Master Webbe and Master Hardes. 1563, p. 1224, 1570, p. 1848, 1576, p. 1581, 1583, p. 1669.

George Wilestone was a witness to William Glover's godly death. 1570, p. 1892, 1576, p. 1620, 1583, p. 1714.

(1503? - 1561)

Chancellor of the diocese of Chester (1541 - 1556); Registrar of the diocese of Chester (1544 - 1561); half-brother of Edmund Bonner

George Wilmesley and Bishop Cotes rebuked the schoolmaster of Lancaster for speaking with George Marsh while he was imprisoned. 1570, p. 1735; 1576, p. 1470 [recte 1482]; 1583, p. 1565.

Wilmesley acted in a prosecutorial role at George Marsh's trial: he formally charged Marsh with heresy, delivered an oration on the need to extirpate heresy and interrogated Marsh. 1563, pp. 1120-21; 1570, pp. 1736-37; 1576, p. 1477 [recte 1483]; 1583, p. 1566.

While Bishop Cotes was reading the sentence against Marsh, Wilmesley repeatedly interrupted the bishop in order to give Marsh a chance to recant. 1563, p. 1121; 1570, p. 1737; 1576, p. 1477 [recte 1483]; 1583, p. 1566.

[NB: Biographical details on Wilmesley can be found in Christopher Haigh, 'A mid-Tudor ecclesiastical official: the curious career of George Wilmesley', Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Chester 122 (1971), pp. 1-24 and Emden, 1501-40 , sub 'Wymesley, George'].

(c. 1513 - 1546) [ODNB]

Evangelical preacher, martyr; educated Louvain; in Scotland by 1535; fled to Bristol in 1538, charged with heresy; went into exile (1539 - 42); lectured at Cambridge (1542 - 43); itinerant preacher in Scotland (1543 - 46); hanged and burnt at St Andrews

Cardinal David Beaton ordered John Winram to summon George Wishart, imprisoned in the castle at St Andrews, to appear before the bishops. Beaton sent an armed guard to escort him. 1563, p. 648; 1570, p. 1444; 1576, p. 1231; 1583, p. 1268.

After John Winram had preached a sermon before the bishops, Wishart was ordered into the pulpit to hear the accusations against him. 1563, p. 648; 1570, p. 1444; 1576, p. 1231; 1583, p. 1268.

Wishart replied to the accusations and asked to appeal to the governor, the earl of Arran. This was refused, and the articles against him were read a second time, to which he answered. He was then condemned for heresy. 1563, pp. 649-53; 1570, pp. 1444-47; 1576, pp. 1232-34; 1583, pp. 1268-71.

John Scot and another Franciscan went to Wishart in the castle prison after his condemnation and insisted he make his confession to them. He refused, asking to confess to John Winram instead. 1563, p. 653; 1570, p. 1447; 1576, p. 1234; 1583, p. 1271.

The guns of the castle were trained on the stake to prevent Wishart's escape. He was led to his execution bound, under armed guard, with a rope around his neck. 1563, pp. 653-54; 1570, pp. 1447-48; 1576, p. 1234; 1583, p. 1271.

(d. early C4); young man of Cappadocia; martyr

Georgius was imprisoned, tortured and beheaded. 1570, p. 128; 1576, p. 93; 1583, p. 92.

c. 1146 - 1220x23) [ODNB]

Prolific author; ecclesiastic; nephew of David fitz Gerald, bishop of St David's

Studied in the schools of Paris; archdeacon of Brecon; in royal service under Henry II

He is mentioned as a source: 1570, p. 161; 1576, p. 121; 1583, p. 120.

(d. 1108) [ODNB]

Early position as precentor of Rouen; lord chancellor (c. 1085 - 91); bishop of Hereford (1096 - 1100); archbishop of York (1100 - 08); conflict with Anselm over independence of York

Gerard wrote to Anselm, complaining that priests and deacons in his diocese refused to relinquish their wives. 1570, p. 1331; 1576, p. 1135; 1583, p. 1164.

of St Clement's without Temple Bar; charged in 1541 with preferring a sermon to the mass [Fines]

Gerard Frise was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1379; 1576, p. 1176; 1583, p. 1205.

(fl. C8); wife of Carloman, king of the Franks

After Carloman's death, she fled with her children to Desiderius, king of the Lombards

After Carloman's death, his wife and children went to Pope Adrian I for protection. He turned them over, with Desiderius, king of the Lombards, to Charlemagne, who kept them in captivity in France. 1570, p. 175; 1576, p. 132; 1583, p. 131.

(d. early C4) Reputedly Roman soldier; martyr

Gereon was beheaded at Cologne. 1570, pp. 113, 128; 1576, pp. 81, 93; 1583, pp. 80, 92.

(d. 1544) [ODNB sub Stephen Gardiner]

Nephew and secretary of Stephen Gardiner; executed in 1544 on charges of denying the royal supremacy

When Stephen Gardiner had fallen out with Germaine, he asked Sir John Mason to speak to him so they could be reconciled. Robert Preston told Edmund Bonner that Germaine was repeatedly showing the king's letters to strangers. Bonner in turn told Thomas Cromwell. 1570, p. 1244; 1576, p. 1066; 1583, p. 1092.

John Larke and Germaine Gardiner were executed for placing loyalty to the pope above the king's supremacy. 1563, p. 627; 1570, p. 1409; 1576, p. 1201; 1583, p. 1230.

C2 Christian martyr from Smyrna (Izmir)

He was martyred before Polycarp of Smyrna. 1570, pp. 59, 61; 1576, pp. 42, 44; 1583, pp. 42, 44.

C3 bishop; recipient of a letter from Dionysius of Alexandria

Germanus had accused Dionysius of fleeing the persecution in Alexandria; Dionysius wrote to him defending himself. 1570, pp. 90, 103; 1576, pp. 62, 73; 1583, pp. 62, 72.

Reputed martyrs under Decius at Caesarea, Cappadocia

They are mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 89; 1576, p. 61; 1583, p. 61.

(d. 1558) [ODNB]

Marchioness of Exeter; married Henry Courtnay in 1519; widowed 1538

The widowed marchioness of Exeter was godmother to Princess Elizabeth. 1563, p. 510; 1570, p. 1199; 1576, p. 1026; 1583, p. 1054.

Wife of Robert Crokhay. Of St Katherine's, London.

Dr Mallet (now dean of Lincoln) asked Gertrude Crokhay why she would not let in St Nicholas. 1563, p. 1740, 1570, p. 2287, 1576, p. 1975, 1583, p. 2144.

She answered for a child that was baptised by Thomas Saunders in a secret protestant baptism. 1563, p. 1740, 1570, p. 2287, 1576, p. 1975, 1583, p. 2144.

She fled to Gelderland to the lands of her first husband, who was Gelder born. These lands were to come to her children. 1563, p. 1740, 1570, p. 2287, 1576, p. 1975, 1583, p. 2144.

Coming home via Antwerp, Crokhay met with John Johnson, a Dutch shipper (alias John de Villa), who accused her of being an anabaptist. 1563, p. 1740, 1570, p. 2287, 1576, p. 1975, 1583, p. 2144.

Crokhay was taken to prison in Antwerp.1563, p. 1740, 1570, p. 2287, 1576, p. 1975, 1583, p. 2144.

Johnson lied and said that Crokhay's husband owed him money for a ship.1563, p. 1741, 1570, p. 2287, 1576, p. 1975, 1583, p. 2144.

Crokhay witnessed the drowning of several of her fellow prisoners, and fear of the same fate made her ill, an illness from which she eventually she died. 1563, p. 1741, 1570, p. 2287, 1576, p. 1975, 1583, p. 2144.

She denied, in Dutch, being an anabaptist and was eventually delivered out of prison and returned to England. 1563, p. 1741, 1570, p. 2288, 1576, p. 1975, 1583, p. 2144.

When she was very ill, attempts were made by Drs Mallet and West to get her to recant and receive the church's rites, but she refused. She died on 13 April. 1583, p. 2144.

(189 - 211) [M. L. Meckler www.roman-emperors.org]

Younger son of Septimius Severus

Roman emperor jointly with his brother Caracalla in 211; murdered at the order of Caracalla

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, pp. 39, 83; 1576, pp. 31, 57; 1583, pp. 31, 57.

Legendary martyr under Hadrian

Husband of Symphorosa, who was martyred with her seven children. 1570, p. 66; 1576, p. 41; 1583, p. 41.

In 1559 Henry Smith, with Gifford, his companion, returned from Louvain and hanged himself. 1570, p. 2305, 1576, p. 1995, 1583, p. 2104.

(d. 1569)

Fellow of All Souls' College, Oxford (1531). Prebend of Worcester (1541). Bishop of Bath and Wells (1554 - 1560) [DNB]

Bourne preached a sermon at Paul's Cross on 13 August 1553, praising Bonner and criticising Edward VI. This so enraged his auditors that a dagger was thrown at him. At the request of Bourne's brother, Bradford quieted the mob; Bradford and John Rogers later escorted Bourne to safety. (Rerum, pp. 464 - 65; 1563, pp. 904 - 5; 1570, p. 1570; 1576, p 1339; and 1583, p. 1497 (recte 1409)).

Bourne's sermon is briefly mentioned later by Foxe (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1394; 1583, p. 1465).

He was created bishop of Bath and Wells (1570, p. 1636; 1576, p 1396; 1583, p. 1467).

He visited Walter Mantell repeatedly before his execution and unsuccessfully attempted to convert him to catholic teachings on confession and the Sacrament (1570, p. 1638; 1576, pp. 1397-98; 1583, p. 1468).

Together with Edmund Bonner and Henry Morgan, Gilbert Bourne condemned Thomas Tomkins on 9 February 1555. Before condemning Tomkins, Bourne exhorted him to recant. (1563, p. 1103; 1570, p. 1712; 1576, pp. 1461-62; 1583, p. 1535).

On 17 February 1555 Bonner, Bourne and others urged Thomas Higbed and Thomas Causton to recant. (1563, p. 1104; 1570, p. 1716; 1576, p. 1465; 1583, p. 1539).

On 13 August 1553 John Bradford saved Bourne from a riotous crowd when the bishop preached at Paul's Cross. 1563, p. 1173, 1570, p. 1780, 1576, p. 1520 , 1583, p. 1604.

During Bourne's sermon at Paul's Cross on 13 August 1553, he had a dagger thrown at him from the crowd. 1563, p. 1173. The dagger touched Bradford's sleeve. 1570, p. 1788, 1576, p. 1527, 1583, p. 1610. John Bradford took over from him in the pulpit and the crowd's wrath subsided. Bradford then protected him when they left the pulpit. 1563, p. 1173, 1570, p. 1788, 1576, p. 1527, 1583, p. 1610.

On 14 February 1555 Percival Creswell, an old acqauintance of Bradford's, went to visit Bradford in prison. He offered to make suit for Bradford. He returned later, at 11 o'clock, with another man and gave Bradford a book by More, desiring him to read it. He told Bradford that the lords of York, Lincoln and Bath wished to speak with him. Then at 3 o'clock the same day, Dr Harding, the bishop of Lincoln's chaplain, went to see Bradford in prison. Harding talked of his fear for Bradford's soul, and that he himself had spoken against Peter Martir, Martin Bucer, Luther and others for their beliefs. 1563, p. 1200, 1570, pp. 1790-91, 1576, p. 1529, 1583, pp. 1612-13.

Philpot's fourth examination was in John Harpsfield's house before Bonner, Bath, Worcester and Gloucester. 1563, pp. 1393-98, 1570, pp. 1965-68, 1576, pp. 1692-95, 1583, pp. 1799-1803.

John Philpot's final examination, on 16 December 1555, was before the bishops of London, Bath, Worcester and Lichfield. 1563, p. 1442, 1570, pp. 1997-98, 1576, p. 1719, 1583, p. 1827.

The certificate for Richard Lush's condemnation was discovered by Foxe in Gilbert Bourne's register (Bath and Wells). 1570, p. 2196, 1576, p. 1895, 1583, p. 2004.

Robert Farrer's examination was before the bishops of Durham and Worcester, Sir Robert Rochester, Sir Richard Southwell and Bourne. 1563, p. 1732, 1570, p. 2296, 1576, p. 1990, 1583, p. 2136.

Bourne was imprisoned in the Tower after the death of Mary. 1570, p. 2301, 1576, p. 1993, 1583, p. 2063.

(c. 1510 - 1569) [ODNB]

BA Oxford 1528; MA 1533; BTh 1543; archdeacon of Bedford 1549

Bonner's chaplain c. 1543; bishop of Bath and Wells (1554 - 59/60); sent to the Tower 1560

The king's commissioners in 1547 gave the injunctions and homilies addressed to Bishop Bonner, who had submitted a protestation, to Anthony Belassis and Gilbert Bourne to execute. 1570, p. 1501; 1576, p. 1273; 1583, p. 1309.

John Harpsfield and Gilbert Bourne were shown Bishop Bonner's notes before his sermon at Paul's Cross and were asked to find the names of those becoming king in their minority. [The chaplains are not named in the 1570 and 1576 editions.] 1563, p. 704; 1570, p. 1509; 1576, p. 1279; 1583, p. 1319.

Bonner appeared for the fifth time before the commissioners on 20 September. During an interval, he instructed Gilbert Bourne, his chaplain, Robert Warnington, his commissary, and Robert Johnson, his registrar, to tell the mayor and aldermen of London to avoid reformed preachers. 1563, p. 716; 1570, p. 1514; 1576, p. 1283; 1583, p. 1325.

Gilbert Bourne, John Harpsfield, Robert Cousyn, John Wakelyng and Richard Rogers witnessed Edmund Bonner's first appellation to the king in September 1549. 1563, p. 722; 1570, p. 1515; 1576, p. 1284; 1583, pp. 1325-26.

Bourne was a deponent in the case of Stephen Gardiner. 1563, p. 855.

(1535 - 1597) [Catholic Encyclopedia]

French Benedictine monk; DTh Paris 1562; professor of Hebrew and exegesis 1563; prior of St Denis; wrote Chronologia in 1567; archbishop of Aix 1591

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 1440; 1576, p. 1228; 1583, p. 1258.

of St Mary Hill; for absenting himself from church on holy days

Gilbert Godfrey was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1378; 1576, p. 1176; 1583, p. 1204.

Mayor of Exeter (1531 -32); elected 29 September

After antipapal papers had been posted on the cathedral doors in Exeter in 1531, the mayor and his officers were not especially active in attempting to find the person responsible, but the bishop and higher clergy were determined to do so. 1570, p. 1180; 1576, p. 1010; 1583, p. 1037.

Gilbert Mounson served together with John Jewel as one of the 'Protestant' notaries at the 1554 Oxford disputations; he was approved by Ridley for this role (1570, p. 1607; 1576, p. 1371; 1583, p. 1442; cf. 1563, p. 958, where Ridley's approval of Jewel and Mounson is described but they are not named).

[NB: This may very well be the Gilbert Monson, MA, who was proctor of Christ Church College in 1553 and a canon of Lincoln (1548 - 1555); see Foster, sub 'Monson, Gilbert'].

Deputy to Edward Grimston, esq., for his butlerage. Of Ipswich.

Gilbert Sterop was described as a maintainer against a complaint made against several parishioners in Ipswich by Philip Williams, John Steward and Matthew Butler. 1576, p. 1981, 1583, p. 2090.

(fl. C5-6) [ODNB]

Wrote an account of the defeat of the Britons by the Anglo-Saxons

Gildas was denounced as a false prophet. 1570, p. 39; 1576, p. 32; 1583, p. 32.

Gildas was one of the sources used by William the Conqueror to compile a book of canons and ordinances to govern the clergy. 1570, p. 1302; 1576, p. 1114; 1583, p. 1139.

(d. 1565)

Giles Brackleman was a Ghent (Gand) burgomeister who examined the protestant Willem de Wever and died shortly after the latter's execution by burning (1570, p. 2308, 1576, p. 1997, 1583, p. 2108).

(d. 1551) [Fasti

DTh Cambridge; chaplain to Henry VIII; canon of Ely (1541 - 49); canon of Westminster (1549 - 51); canon of Winchester (1548 - 51); dean of Chichester (1549 - 51)

Giles Eyer complained of the conduct of Stephen Gardiner. He was a deponent in the case against Gardiner.1563, pp. 778, 808, 810-11.

(d. 1539) [Fines]

Joiner; martyr

Giles Germaine was tried for heresy along with John, a painter, and both were condemned. Launcelot, a member of the king's guard, attended their examination and seemed to favour them. All three were burnt together at St Giles in the Field. 1563, p. 574; 1570, pp. 1456-57; 1576, p. 1242; 1583, p. 1279.

Beer brewer to the king; of St Botolph's without Aldgate and the Red Lion in St Katherine's; presented in 1541 because he had performed mass for his friends in the pub [Fines]

Giles Harrison was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1379; 1576, p. 1176; 1583, p. 1205.

Harrison was imprisoned. 1570, p. 1380; 1576, p. 1178; 1583, p. 1206.

of S Botolph's, Billingsgate; one of 9 presented in 1541 for not being confessed in Lent or receiving at Easter

Giles Hosteman was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1376; 1576, p. 1174; 1583, p. 1203.

(Cardinal-priest) [ODNB sub William de Corbeil, Alexander bishop of Lincoln]

Commanded the papal forces at the siege of Sutri in 1121; papal legate to England 1125; held a synod at Westminster to enforce clerical celibacy and oppose simony; deemed autocratic

Giovanni da Crema assisted William de Corbeil in renewing the constitution of Anselm against married priests. 1570, pp. 1334-34; 1576, p. 1138; 1583, p. 1167.

Genoese merchant; agent of Louise of Savoy, regent and mother of the French king; French ambassador 1523.

In a letter from King Henry to his ambassadors in Rome, it was suggested that Signieur de Vaulx be positioned in the conclave of cardinals after the death of Gregory VII, not as ambassador but as a minister to a cardinal, to assist in getting Wolsey elected pope. 1570, p. 1128; 1576, p. 966; 1583, p. 992.

(1463 - 1494) [D. Hay, Europe in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries (London, 1966) pp. 343-44]

Italian philosopher; studied at Bologna, Padua, Pavia and Paris; published 900 theses in 1486, 13 of which were condemned as heretical by Innocent VIII; fled to France; wrote Heptaplus in Florence in 1488; absolved of heresy in 1493

Pico della Mirandola was one of those listed by Foxe as having been falsely accused of heresy 1570, p. 1439; 1576, p. 1227; 1583, p. 1257.

(d. 1491)[Gary Ianziti,'A Humanist Historian and His Documents: Giovanni Simonetta, Secretary to the Sforzas', Renaissance Quarterly, vol. 34, no. 4 (Winter 1981), pp. 491-516]

of Milan; secretary to the Sforzas (1450 - 79); humanist historian

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1576, p. 62; 1576, p. 38; 1583, p. 38.

(fl.C6) [ODNB sub Ida]

One of the kings of Bernicia after Ida

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 150; 1576, p. 111; 1583, p. 110.

C4 martyr at Nicomedia

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 129; 1576, p. 93; 1583, p. 92.

(d. 1069)

Duke of Upper Lorraine (1044 - 47); duke of Lower Lorraine (1065 - 69)

Brother of Pope Stephen IX; supported Nicholas II against the antipope Benedict X

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1563, p. 12.

(d. 1053) [ODNB]

First earl of all Wessex 1023; rose to power under Cnut, married Cnut's sister-in-law Gytha.

He held renewed power under Edward the Confessor, his son-in-law; he rebelled, fled and was later reconciled

Godwine was thought to have murdered the brother of Edward the Confessor. 1563, p. 15.

Caught in the Oxford troubles of 1528; died as result of incarceration [Fines]

Goodman was one of the scholars Wolsey gathered for Cardinal College. 1563, p. 497; 1570, p. 1174; 1576, p. 1004; 1583, p. 1032.

(225 - 244) [M. L. Meckler www.roman-emperors.org]

Grandson of Gordian I

Roman emperor (238 - 44); died on campaign against the Sassanids

Gordian was concerned for the welfare of the empire and ceased the persecution of the Christians. Foxe says he was killed by his successor, Philip the Arab. 1570, p. 86; 1576, p. 59; 1583, p. 59.

Nobleman said to have been baptised through the efforts of St Cecilia and Pope Urban I

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 85; 1576, p. 59; 1583, p. 58.

(d. c. 314) Roman centurion of Caesarea in Cappadocia under Lucinius; martyr

Gordius refused to take part in the persecution of Christians and lived the life of a religious hermit. He returned to Caesarea on a pagan feast day and spoke publicly. He was tortured, taken out of the city and burnt. 1570, p. 126; 1576, p. 91; 1583, p. 90.

(d. early C4) [Catholic Encyclopedia]

Christian imperial official, favourite of Diocletian; martyred at Nicomedia

[There are five other martyrs with same name]

Gorgonius, like a number of other Christians, was held in high esteem at the court of Diocletian. 1570, p. 108; 1576, p. 77; 1583, p. 76.

Gorgonius and Dorotheus were said to have urged a fellow Christian undergoing torture to remain constant. 1570, p. 112; 1576, p. 80; 1583, p. 80.

When he and Dorotheus objected to the treatment of their colleague Peter and said they themselves were Christians, they were strangled. 1570, p. 110; 1576, p. 79; 1583, p. 78.

Bartlett Green wrote a letter to Master Goring, Master Farneham, Master Fletewood, Master Rosewel, Master Bell, Master Hussey, Master Calthorp, Master Boyer and others. 1563, pp. 1465-66, 1570, pp. 2027-28, 1576, p. 1748, 1583, p. 1855.

Merchant. Of London.

Gosling, a merchant of London, learned of Katherine Brandon's departure, and was a friend of Cranwell's. He housed her as Mrs White and her daughter as his own daughter. 1570, p. 2284, 1576, p. 1972, 1583, p. 2078.

Gosnold attempted to save John Rogers from burning 1563, p. 1028; 1570, p. 1650; 1576, p. 1416; 1583, p. 1487).

[This is probably John Gosnold (1507 - 1554) who had been Edward VI's solicitor general (Bindoff, Commons); or possibly Robert, who was a JP in Suffolk in 1555 (PRO, SP11/5, no. 6).]

of St Osyth [Fines]

Grace Palmer was charged in London in 1531 for speaking against pilgrimages, bearing palms on Palm Sunday and transubstantiation. 1563, p. 419; 1570, p. 1187; 1576, p. 1015; 1583, p. 1043.

of Bologna; C12 canon lawyer [P. Landau, NCMH, vol 4:1, p. 128]

Wrote Decretum, an attempt logically to reconcile contradictory canons, which became the standard text for canon law

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, pp. 63, 68, 95, 134, 143; 1576, pp. 38-39, 45, 67, 97, 106; 1583, pp. 4, 39, 45, 67, 96, 105.

(fl. 406/07) [ODNB sub Constantine III]

British civilian proclaimed emperor by the Roman Garrison 31 December 406; deposed him four months later

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 147; 1576, p. 109; 1583, p. 108.

(359 - 383) [W. E. Roberts www.roman-emperors.org]

Western Roman emperor (367 - 83) Supported Nicene orthodoxy against Arianism. Son of Emperor Valentinian I

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 23; 1576, p. 18; 1583, p. 18.

Smith of Bishop's Stortford

Gray was charged with denying transubstantiation and was sent to London, but was saved from burning by Thomas Cromwell. 1570, p. 1355; 1576, p. 1157; 1583, p. 1185.

(fl.1521 - 1561)

Franciscan friar. Of Bristol. In Exeter convent in its dissolution in 1558. B Th (1532/3). Numerous livings in Devon after 1538, including vicar of Branscombe, Devon (1554 - 1557) (Emden.

Gregory Basset denounced Mrs Prest for talking of scriptures even though she was uneducated. 1570, p. 2252, 1576, p. 1945, 1583, p. 2052.

[In 1561there was a warrant issued for Basset's arrest as 'a common mass-sayer'. (Emden)]

Franciscan friar 1521; Oxford convent 1530; Cambridge convent 1532; BTh Oxford 1532-3; recanted heretic; warden of Exeter convent at the dissolution in 1538; warrant issued in 1561 for his arrest as a 'common mass-sayer'

Gregory Basset was one of those seeking the identity of the person who had posted antipapal papers on the cathedral doors at Exeter in 1531. He had been in prison in Bristol for possessing one of Luther's works and for teaching the catechism. 1570, p. 1181; 1576, p. 1010; 1583, p. 1038.

After Thomas Benet's arrest, Basset tried particularly hard to get him to recant, staying day and night with him in prison. 1570, p. 1182; 1576, p. 1011; 1583, p. 1039.

Priest; chaplain to Viscount Lisle in Calais

Gregory Buttol preached against the teachings of Adam Damplip in Calais. 1563, p. 657; 1570, p. 1401; 1576, p. 1194; 1583, p. 1224.

Fuller. Of Malden, Essex.

Crow was preserved from drowning off the Kentish coast by the miraculous power of his New Testament. (Morse received the account from a relative of Crow dwelling in Leigh, and related it to John Foxe). 1570, p. 2093, 1576, p. 1806, 1583, p. 1913.

Parson of Smarsden, Kent.

Justice Drainer of Kent disliked Gregory Dods and sent Roger Matthew to spy on him. 1563, p. 1730, 1576, p. 2002, 1583, p. 2113.

(d. 1608)

Fellow of Pembroke 1548 [Venn]

Garth was called before a ?mayster Gray of Cambridge? on 26 September 1553 for not allowing a boy from Peterhouse to help him celebrate mass; mass was still illegal at this time (1563, p. 1000; 1570, p. 1635; 1576, p. 1395; 1583, p. 1466).

(c. 540 - 604) [Kelly]

Monk; abbot of St Andrew's, Rome. Pope (590 - 604) Wrote Dialogues, Homilies, Pastoral Care, Moralia

Gregory objected to the title 'universal patriarch', assumed by John IV Nesteutes, and refused the title 'universal pope', used in letters from Eulogius, patriarch of Alexandria. 1563, p. 9; 1570, p. 16; 1576, p. 13; 1583, p. 13.

Gregory saw English slave children in the market and remarked on their beauty. He wished to go as a missionary to England, but was not allowed by Pope Pelagius and the Romans. 1570, p. 155; 1576, p. 116;1583, p. 115.

Gregory sent Augustine as a missionary to England. 1563, p. 16.

After Augustine and the other missionaries had set out on their journey, they turned back through fear. Gregory sent them back with letters of encouragement and help. 1570, p. 155; 1576, p. 116;1583, p. 115.

After Augustine had converted King Æthelbert of Kent, Gregory ordered that he be consecrated bishop. Augustine sent his colleague Laurence to Rome to report on their progress and to deliver a set of questions for Gregory, to which he sent back answers. 1570, pp. 156-58; 1576, pp. 117-19;1583, pp. 116-18.

Gregory sent more missionaries, along with books, implements and letters and pallium for Augustine. He also sent letters to Mellitus and King Æthelberht. 1570, pp. 158-59; 1576, p. 119;1583, p. 118.

Emperor Maurice had granted John IV Nesteutes, patriarch of Constantinople, the title of universal patriarch. John was in conflict with Gregory I over the title. Gregory wrote to Maurice about the matter. 1570, pp. 16, 161; 1576, pp. 13, 121; 1583, pp. 13, 120.

Gregory was the first pope to use the title 'Servus servorum Dei' (servant of the servants of God). 1570, p. 161; 1576, p. 121;1583, p. 120.

Foxe says Gregory I commended Serenus for removing images from churches. 1563, p. 3.

(669 - 731) [Kelly]

Curator of the papal library; deacon

Pope (715 - 31); sent Boniface to Germany and consecrated him bishop

Boniface was consecrated bishop by Pope Gregory II and made papal legate to the Germans. 1570, p. 172; 1576, p. 130; 1583, p. 129.

Popes Gregory II, Gregory III, Zacharias and Constantine were in conflict with the eastern emperors Philippicus Bardanes and Leo III. 1570, p. 172; 1576, p. 130; 1583, p. 129.

(d. 741) [Kelly]

Pope (731 - 41) He was in conflict with iconoclast Emperor Leo III

Popes Gregory II, Gregory III, Zacharias and Constantine were in conflict with the eastern emperors Philippicus Bardanes and Leo III. 1570, p. 172; 1576, p. 130; 1583, p. 129.

Foxe says Gregory III wrote the Dialogues attributed to Gregory I 1570, p. 172; 1576, p. 130; 1583, p. 129.

(d. 844) [Kelly]

Cardinal-priest of the Basilica of St. Mark

Pope (827 - 44)

He was elected by the clergy and people, with the consent of the emperor. 1563, p. 2, 10.

Louis the Pious would not allow Gregory to be consecrated until he had approved the election. 1570, p. 6, 1576, p. 5, 1583, p. 985.

Bishop of Nazianzus (329 - 374) [Catholic Encyclopedia]

Married to Nonna; one of his sons, also Gregory, was bishop of Sasima and bishop of Constantinople

Gregory Nazianzus was married. 1570, p. 1319; 1576, p. 1128; 1583, p. 1154.

(c. 329 - 390) Greek church father; theologian and rhetorician

Patriarch of Constantinople (379 - 81) [Gams]; Eastern Orthodox saint

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 98; 1576, p. 69; 1583, p. 69.

Gregory Newman testified under oath that Thomas Merial had not spoken the words of heresy attributed to him. 1570, p. 1440; 1576, p. 1228; 1583, pp. 1257-58.

(d. after 385/86) [Catholic Encyclopedia]

A 'Cappadocian Father'; married bishop of Nyssa; brother of Bishops Basil of Cæsarea and Peter of Sebaste

Gregory of Nyssa was married. 1570, p. 1319; 1576, p. 1128; 1583, p. 1154.

(c. 538 - 594)

Gallo-Roman historian; bishop of Tours (573 - 94); wrote Historia Francorum

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 6, 1576, p. 5, 1583, p. 5.

(d. 1555)

Martyr. Of unknown occupation and origin.

Gregory Parke was condemned and burned with John Web and George Roper at Canterbury in 1555. 1563, pp. 1386-87, 1570, pp. 1959-60, 1576, p. 1687, 1583, p. 1794.

(d. 337?) [Catholic Encyclopedia]

of Caesarea, Cappadocia; missionary to Armenia

Patron saint of Armenia

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 123; 1576, p. 88 1583, p. 88.

(d. 1047) [Kelly]

Pope (1045 - 46) Archpriest of St. John by the Latin Gate. He was elected pope in 1045, there being two other rival popes. He was accused of simony and abdicated at the synod of Sutri in December 1046.

Gregory VI bought his office from his predecessor, Benedict IX. 1563, p. 11.

(c . 1020 - 1085 [Kelly]

Benedictine monk; treasurer of Roman church; archdeacon of Roman church 1059; chancellor of the see of Rome; pope (1073 - 85)

Hildebrand approached the emperor, Henry III, to nominate Gebhard of Dollnstein-Hirschberg as pope after the death of Leo IX. 1563, p. 12.

Hildebrand was sent as papal legate to France. He brought Berengar of Tours before a council at Tours. 1570, p. 1311; 1576, p. 1121; 1583, p. 1147.

Hildebrand supported the election of Alexander II and persuaded the imperial ambassador Anno to support him. 1563, p. 14.

Hildebrand fought for Alexander II against Cadalous (Honorius II). 1570, p. 1312; 1576, p. 1122; 1583, p. 1148.

Foxe records that Alexander II repented not having the emperor's consent to his election, and that Hildebrand imprisoned and deposed Alexander. In fact, Hildebrand remained Alexander's chancellor and supporter until his death. 1563, p. 14; 1570, p. 6; 1576, p. 5; 1583, p. 5.

Berengar of Tours recanted at a council in Rome under Gregory VII. 1570, p. 1311; 1576, p. 1121; 1583, p. 1147.

At the time of Gregory VII's synod in Rome, Henry IV held the right to invest archbishops, bishops and abbots. Gregory decreed that all those invested by the emperor had obtained their offices through simony. He decreed that all simonical clergy and those with wives were to be shunned. 1570, p. 1319; 1576, p. 1128; 1583, p. 1153.

Opposition to clerical marriage increased greatly under Gregory VII. 1570, p. 1329; 1576, p. 1134; 1583, p. 1163.

Gregory VII deposed Emperor Henry IV. 1570, p. 7; 1576, p. 6; 1583, p. 6.

Griffith ap Howell was one of the witnesses against Robert Ferrar. 1563, p. 1093; 1583, p. 1550.

(by 1501 - 1566 or later)

JP, MP (1547). Mayor of Carmarthen (1549 - 1550, 1556 - 1557). Sheriff of Carmarthenshire (1546 - 1547, 1555 - 1556, 1559 - 1560) [Bindoff, Commons, sub 'Done, Gruffyd']

Robert Ferrar described Griffith Donne as his 'utter enemy'. Donne's servant, William Davids, recorded the testimony of witnesses against Ferrar. 1563, p. 1093; 1583, p. 1550.

(d. 1555)

Sheriff of Camarthenshire (1555). Dean of the Court of Arches. JP in Hereford and Shropshire (1555) [SP11/5, no. 6] [See Brown, Robert Ferrar, pp. 238-39, 246-47.]

Griffith Leyson escorted Robert Ferrar to his first hearing before Henry Morgan and surrendered custody of Ferrar to Morgan. 1563, p. 1098; 1570, p. 1723; 1576, p. 1471; 1583, p. 1554.

Griffith Leyson took the cattle from Ferrar's servant, Matthew Harbottle, but the cattle got sick and died. 1563, p. 1704, 1570, p. 2298, 1576, p. 1990, 1583, p. 2136.

He supervised Robert Ferrar's execution. 1563, p. 1100; 1570, p. 1724; 1576, p. 1472; 1583, p. 1555.

Leyson refused to allow Ferrar to speak at his execution. Leyson later became ill and unable to speak at the time of his death. 1570, p. 2298, 1576, p. 1990, 1583, p. 2136.

[NB: Leyson had been an inveterate opponent of Ferrar in Edward VI's reign; see Andrew J. Brown, Robert Ferrar (London, 1997), pp. 180, 208-9 and 238-39].

(d. 1555) [See Andrew J. Brown, Robert Ferrar: Yorkshire monk, Reformation Bishop and Martyr in Wales c.1500-1555 (London, 1997) pp. 238-39, 246-47]

Sheriff of Carmarthenshire 1555; dean of court of arches; JP Herefordshire, Shropshire 1555 [SP11/5,no.6]

After Edmund Bonner was sentenced to prison and deprived of his bishopric, the king appointed Lord Rich, Henry marquess of Dorset, Thomas Goodrich, Lord Wentworth, Sir Anthony Wingfield, Sir William Herbert, Nicholas Wotton, Edward Montague, Sir John Baker, Judge Hales, John Gosnold, John Oliver and Griffith Leyson to examine his documents. They confirmed the sentence against him. 1563, p. 725; 1570, p. 1519; 1576, pp. 1287-88; 1583, p. 1330.

After Stephen Gardiner's sequestration, Thomas Cranmer, Nicholas Ridley, Thomas Goodrich, Henry Holbeach, Sir William Petre, Sir James Hales, Griffith Leyson, John Oliver and John Gosnold were commissioned to examine him. 1563, p. 776; 1570, p. 1535; 1576, p. 1309; 1583, p. 1358.

His marriage to Elinor, the daughter of Sir Thomas Jones, was celebrated by Robert Ferrar; there were charges that the ceremony was conducted irregularly. 1563, pp. 1086, 1090 and 1095; 1583, pp. 1545, 1548 and 1551.

[NB: Biographical details on Griffith Rice are in Hasler, Commons, sub 'Rice, Walter'].

King of the Huns who invaded Britain with Melga and was defeated by Gratian Municeps, according to Geoffrey of Monmouth [Pamela Gradon, 'Constantine and the Barbarians: a note on the Old English "Elene"', The Modern Language Review, vol. 42, no. 2, (April, 1947) pp. 170-71]

Having heard that Britain was lacking in men, Guanius and Melga invaded and spoiled churches and murdered women and children. 1570, p. 155; 1576, p. 116; 1583, p. 115.

(d. 1554)

Husband of Lady Jane Grey and fourth son of Northumberland (DNB)

Guildford Dudley married Lady Jane Grey (1563, p 901; 1570, p. 1567; 1576, p. 1336; and 1583, p. 1406; cf. the darker version of this marriage given in Rerum, p. 232, where Guildford Dudley is not named).

He was imprisoned in the Tower for nearly five months after Mary became queen (1563, p. 902; 1570, p. 1569; 1576, p. 1338; and 1583, p. 1407).

He was executed on 12 February 1554, the same day as Jane Grey; Foxe calls him and his wife 'innocentes' (1563, p. 923; 1570, p. 1585; 1576, p. 1352; and 1583, p. 1423). [His execution is not mentioned in the Rerum.]

Foxe again relates that Lady Jane Grey and her husband were beheaded. 1563, p. 1474 [recte 1472], 1570, p. 2046, 1576, p. 1764, 1583, p. 1871.

Another mention of Dudley's execution is in 1570, p. 1637; 1576, p. 1397; 1583, p. 1467.

Foxe refers to Guildford Dudley's marriage to Jane Grey. 1583, p. 2128.

[Also referred to as 'Lord Gildford']

(d. 1556)

Sister of Perotine Massey and daughter of Katherine Cauches. Martyr. Of S Pierre Port, Guernsey. [Ogier, pp. 57 - 58]

Guillemine Gilbert was imprisoned with her sister and mother because of the stolen cup brought to their house by Vincent Gosset. 1563, p. 1542, 1570, p. 2127, 1576, p. 1849, 1583, p. 1943.

She was burned at the stake with her sister and mother. 1563, p. 1544, 1570, p. 2129, 1576, p. 1849, 1583, p. 1945.

(d. 1556) [Ogier, Reformation and Society in Guernsey (1966) pp. 57-58]

Of S Pierre Port, Guernsey; sister of Perontine Massey and daughter of Katherine Cauches. Martyr

She is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 1456; 1576, p. 1241; 1583, p. 1278.

Legendary bishop of London C5

He sent to the king of Brittany for help in defending Britain. 1570, p. 148; 1576, p. 109; 1583, p. 108.

Benedictine monk of the abbey of Leufrede; archbishop of Aversa, south Italy (1075 - c. 1080) [Gams]

Guitmund was one of the chief opponents of Berengar of Tours. He and Lanfranc stood against Berengar at a council held at Tours. 1570, p. 1311; 1576, p. 1121; 1583, p. 1147.

Legendary invader first of Ireland; then, at the invitation of the Saxons, into Britain

Gurmund and the Saxons forced the Britons to flee to Cornwall and Wales. 1570, p. 155; 1576, p. 116; 1583, p. 115.

(674 - 715) [ODNB]

Member of the Mercian royal dynasty; warrior (689 - 98)

Monk at Repton (698 - 700); hermit at Crowland (700 - 15)

Guthlac, leaving his monastery, lived as a hermit. 1570, pp. 150, 167; 1576, pp. 112, 126; 1583, pp. 111, 125.

After his death, miracles were attributed to Guthlac and an abbey was built at Crowland. 1570, p. 167; 1576, p. 126; 1583, p. 125.

Of Carmarthen

Guyne was one of the witnesses against Robert Ferrar. 1563, p. 1093; 1583, p. 1550.