(d. 792) [ODNB]

of Kentish origin; abbot of SS Peter and Paul's, Canterbury (762 - 65)

Archbishop of Canterbury (765 - 92); a rival archbishopric was sent up at Lichfield by King Offa

With the agreement of Pope Adrian, Offa set up an archbishopric at Lichfield. 1570, p. 173; 1576, p. 130; 1583, p. 129.

Edge accused and gave witness against John Waterhouse. 1563, p. 1548, 1570, p. 2141, 1576, p. 1861, 1583, p. 1955.

Of Lancashire.

Wild was sent greetings by John Bradford in a letter he sent to his mother and others. 1570, p. 1839,1576, p. 1574, 1583, p. 1656.

Jack Wannere was one of the Catholic martyrs written of by Nicholas Harpsfield. 1570, p. 1375; 1576, p. 1173; 1583, p. 1201.

(d. 1508) [Gams]

Archbishop of Mainz (1504 - 08)

He had to pay 20,000 florens to gain his office from Rome. 1563, p. 15.

Persian Christian priest; suffered under Shapur II

Jacobus voluntarily accompanied his bishop when he was tortured and imprisoned and was subjected to the same treatment. 1570, p. 136; 1576, p. 99; 1583, p. 98.

(c. 1230 - 1298) [Catholic Encyclopedia]

Italian chronicler; Dominican provincial of Lombardy (1267 - 86)

Archbishop of Genoa (1292 - 98); wrote the Golden Legend (legendary lives of the saints)

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, pp. 98, 174; 1576, pp. 69, 131; 1583, pp. 69, 130.

(1475? - 1544)

Latomus was one of the leading catholic theologians and controversialists at the University of Louvain, where Foxe described him as 'a chief and principal captain'. Foxe found several occasions to report hostile comments about him, although his source for this information has not been located. These included a speech before the emperor Charles V in Brussels that was reportedly so poor that it caused him to be laughed at and scorned by most of the court (1570, p. 2306, 1576, p. 1996, 1583, p. 2106). Foxe also noted that he became mad whilst delivering a public lecture in Louvain (1570, p. 2306, 1576, p. 1996, 1583, p. 2106) and spent the remainder of his life bemoaning that he was damned.

Latomus was mentioned in a letter by Francis Driander. 1563, p. 803.

(1475? - 1544)

Latomus was one of the leading catholic theologians and controversialists at the University of Louvain, where Foxe described him as 'a chief and principal captain'. Foxe found several occasions to report hostile comments about him, although his source for this information has not been located. These included a speech before the emperor Charles V in Brussels that was reportedly so poor that it caused him to be laughed at and scorned by most of the court (1570, p. 2306, 1576, p. 1996, 1583, p. 2106). Foxe also noted that he became mad whilst delivering a public lecture in Louvain (1570, p. 2306, 1576, p. 1996, 1583, p. 2106) and spent the remainder of his life bemoaning that he was damned.

(1434 - 1520)

Chronicler

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, pp. 62, 65, 85, 91, 97, 104, 128, 132; 1576, pp. 38, 40, 59, 63, 68, 73, 92, 96; 1583, pp. 38, 58 40, 59, 63, 68, 73, 92, 95.

(1477 - 1547) [Gams; Catholic Encyclopedia]

Italian cardinal; humanist; reformer; secretary to Leo X; bishop of Carpentras 1517; debated with Calvin; legate to Francis I

In a letter to Henry VIII, Philip Melancthon complained of Cardinals Contarini, Sadoleto and Pole working to cover up the corruption in Rome. 1570, p. 1341; 1576, p. 1145; 1583, p. 1173.

(fl. 633 - late C7) [ODNB sub Paulinus]

Paulinus's deacon at York; remained behind when Paulinus fled into Kent after the death of Eadwine of Northumbria; taught church music at York in Bede's time

After Paulinus left, James continued to preach and baptise in the north until peace was restored. 1570, p. 163; 1576, p. 122; 1583, p. 121.

Agilbert, James the deacon of Paulinus, Wilfrid and Alchfrith, son of King Oswiu, and his wife Cyneburh held to the Roman method of calculating the date of Easter. 1570, p. 165; 1576, p. 124; 1583, p. 123.

(d. 1555)

Of Stoke Nayland, Suffolk. Martyr.

James Abbes was itinerant because of his religious beliefs. He was caught and appeared before Dr Hopton. He recanted but when the bishop gave him 40 or 20 pence [Foxe is not sure] he withdrew his recantation. He was burned in Bury on 2 August 1555. 1563, p. 1244, 1570, pp. 1864-65, 1576, p. 1594, 1583, p. 1683.

Abbes took off his shirt to give as alms on his way to the stake. 1563, p. 1705, 1570, p. 2299, 1576, p. 1990. 1583, p. 2101.

The sheriff railed against him but then said that Abbes was in fact saved but that he himself was damned. He went about the streets of Bury St Edmunds declaring this to be the case. 1563, p. 1705, 1570, p. 2299, 1576, p. 1990. 1583, p. 2101.

Abbes was put in a dark house and then tied to a cart to be returned to his master. A priest came to him with a crucifix and troubled him further. He was burned a short time afterwards. 1563, p. 1705, 1570, p. 2300, 1576, p. 1990. 1583, p. 2101.

Son of the keeper of Newgate Prison.

James Alexander spent his father's estate in less than three years. 1570, p. 2300, 1576, p. 1992, 1583, p. 2101.

He died suddenly in Newgate Market. 1570, p. 2300, 1576, p. 1992, 1583, p. 2101.

of Lincoln diocese; argued with Dr Aglonby in 1530 [Fines]

James Algar was charged with challenging Dr Aglonby's orthodox doctrine, examined by John Prynne, and abjured. 1570, p. 1120; 1576, p. 959; 1583, pp. 985-86.

(d. 1557)

Bachelor. Of unknown occupation. Martyr. Of Bury St Edmunds.

James Ashley was examined by Hopton, bishop of Norwich, and Dr Spenser, his chancellor, as well as Sir Edward Waldegrave. 1563, p. 1669, 1570, p. 2240, 1576, p. 1941, 1583, p. 2047.

Articles were brought against him and answers made. 1563, p. 1669, 1570, p. 2240, 1576, p. 1941, 1583, p. 2047.

He was burned at Bury St Edmunds, early August 1557. 1563, p. 1669, 1570, p. 2240, 1576, p. 1941, 1583, p. 2047.

Gentleman of North Yorkshire

William Ombler, leader of the Yorkshire rebels, was spotted and captured by John Word the younger, James Aslaby, Rafe Twinge and Thomas Constable, who took him to York to be tried. 1570, p. 1501; 1576, p. 1272; 1583, p. 1309.

(d. 1557)

Of unknown occupation. Of London.

James Austoo appeared before Bonner 16 July 1557. 1563, p. 1630, 1570, pp. 2208, 2214, 1576, pp. 1905, 1910, 1583, pp. 2013, 2019.

He was condemned 10 September 1557. 1563, p. 1630, 1570, p. 2214, 1576, p. 1910, 1583, p. 2019.

Austoo was burned at Islington on 17 September 1557. 1563, p. 1630, 1570, p. 2013, 1576, p. 1910, 1583, p. 2018.

[Husband of Margery Austoo.]

(d. 1532) [ODNB]

Lawyer; married to Simon Fish's widow; brought before Sir Thomas More, accused of heresy; imprisoned, tortured, abjured; arrested after relapse, burnt at Smithfield

Simon Fish died of plague; his widow later married James Bainham. 1570, p. 1153; 1576, p. 987; 1583, p. 1014.

James Bainham was arrested and imprisoned in Sir Thomas More's house in Chelsea and whipped, then racked in the Tower. He was examined before John Stokesley. 1563, pp. 496-98; 1570, pp. 1168-70; 1576, pp. 999-1001; 1583, pp. 1027-29.

Bainham held to his beliefs, but after several examinations he abjured and was given a penance to carry a faggot and stand before the preacher at Paul's Cross. He soon publicly repented his abjuration and was sent to the Tower again. 1570, p. 1170; 1576, p. 1001; 1583, p. 1029.

Lawrence Staple was charged for, among other things, saying that he wanted to drink and pray with Bainham at his burning. 1570, p. 1187; 1576, p. 1015; 1583, p. 1043.

Bainham was condemned, delivered to the sheriff and burnt at Smithfield. 1570, p. 1171; 1576, p. 1002; 1583, p. 1030.

of St Magnus's parish; charged with 10 others in 1541 for supporting preachers of the new learning [Fines]

James Banaster was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1377; 1576, p. 1175; 1583, p. 1203.

Dwelling four miles from Calais

James Barber was one of those accused of heresy to the privy council by councillors of Calais. Broke, Hare, Cocke and Barber were sent with their accusers to England to be examined by Cranmer, Gardiner, Sampson and other bishops. 1563, p. 661; 1570, p. 1401; 1576, p. 1195; 1583, p. 1224.

Barber with the others was for the time dismissed. 1570, p. 1403; 1576, p. 1196; 1583, p. 1226.

William Smith was sentenced to preach a sermon of recantation in the market place in Calais, while Ralph Hare, James Cocke and James Barber were to abjure and stand bearing faggots. 1570, p. 1403; 1576, p. 1197; 1583, p. 1226.

Gentleman. Of Nottingham.

James Barusse was a witness to the discovery of infants' bones at Lenton Abbey in the eighth year of Elizabeth's reign. 1570, pp. 2131-32, 1576, p. 1853, 1583, p. 1947.

(1526? - 1558)

James Basset is described by Foxe as a darling of Stephen Gardiner. 1570, p. 2296, 1576, p. 1988, 1583, p. 2094.

Basset wanted to meet with Sir Henry Bedingfield. 1570, p. 2296, 1576, p. 1988, 1583, p. 2094.

Basset was a conspirator in plots to murder Elizabeth. 1570, p. 2296, 1576, p. 1988, 1583, p. 2094.

[Son of Honor, Lady Lisle. Married Mary, daughter of William Roper (c. June 1556). Member of Gardiner's household and King Philip's privy chamber (Bindoff).]

(c. 1526 - 1558) [Bindoff]

Gentleman of the household of Stephen Gardiner (1538 - 55); gentleman of the privy chamber (1553 - 58); gentleman of King Philip's privy chamber (1554 - 58)

[Son of Honor, Lady Lisle. Married Mary, daughter of William Roper (c. June 1556). Member of Gardiner's household and King Philip's privy chamber]

James Basset was a deponent in the case of Gardiner. 1563, pp. 850-52, 860-61.

Martyr.

Baynam did not appear to suffer when burned. 1563, p. 1729, 1570, p. 2259, 1576, p. 1951, 1583, p. 2058.

(c. 1473 - 1539) [ODNB]

Administrator; archbishop of St Andrews (1522/23 - 39)

Patrick Hamilton was brought before James Beaton and his colleagues for examination. He was condemned and burnt. 1563, p. 460; 1570, p. 1107; 1576, p. 947; 1583, p. 974.

[In the 1563 edition, Foxe incorrectly identifies him as David Beaton, cardinal and archbishop of St Andrews (1539 - 46)]

(d. by October 1546) [Emden]

BA Oxford 1516; MA 1519; BTh abroad 1528; DTh 1536; canon of St George's Chapel, Windsor (1536 - 46); chaplain to the king by November 1536; acted as confessor to Anthony Pearson 1543

James Blythe and Richard Arche were confessors to the Windsor martyrs in 1543. 1570, p. 1397; 1576, p. 1192; 1583, p. 1220.

Shoemaker. Of Ipswich.

James Bocking fled Ipswich for fear of persecution. 1576, p. 1981, 1583, p. 2089.

Protestant. Of Bolton

Related to Laurence Bradshaw (probably his brother) [Haigh, Reformation and Resistance in Tudor Lancashire, pp. 171, 173.]

James Bradshaw sent a letter to George Marsh in prison, declaring his admiration for Marsh's constancy and seeking Marsh's advice. 1570, p. 1745; 1576, pp. 1490-91; 1583, p. 1573.

John Bradford sent him a manuscript copy of his 'Hurt of Hearing Mass' (LM, p. 363).

James Bradshaw was the recipient of letter by John Bradford, who sent greetings primarily to his mother but also to his father and other friends, who included James Bradshaw, Laurence Bradshaw, John Treves, Thomas Sorrocold, and their wives and families. 1570, pp. 1805-06,1576, pp. 1541-42, 1583, p. 1624.

[NB: James Bradshaw was in trouble for heresy in 1554; see Christopher Haigh, Reform and Resistance in Tudor Lancashire (Cambridge, 1975), p. 184].

(1512 - 1560).

DD (1546). Master of Balliol (1547). Vice chancellor of Oxford (1552). Bishop of Gloucester (1554 - 1559). Deprived of his see upon the accession of Elizabeth. Committed to prison where he died. (DNB)

James Brookes was made bishop of Gloucester, c. January 1554, (1570, p. 1636; 1576, p 1396; 1583, p. 1467).

He was deprived under Elizabeth.

James Brookes was one of those holding a commission from Cardinal Pole to disinter Peter Martyr's wife and burn her bones. 1563, p. 1558, 1570, p. 2152, 1576, p. 1859, 1583, p. 1968.

The examinations of John Hunt and Richard White before the bishops of Salisbury and Gloucester (Brookes and Capon), Dr. Geffre (chancellor) took place on 26 April 1557. 1570, p. 2254, 1576, p. 1947, 1583, p. 2054.

Foxe says that James Brookes died before Queen Mary, but he did not die until 1560. 1563, p. 1736, 1570, p. 2299, 1576, p. 1992, 1583, p. 2101.

(1512-60)

Bishop of Gloucester, 1554-58 [DNB, Fasti)

Made bishop of Gloucester, c. January 1554, (1570, p. 1636; 1576, p 1396; 1583, p. 1467).

Deprived under Elizabeth.

(1530? - 1570)

DD (1565) Ordained deacon (1559) and then priest (1560). Canon of Christ Church (1560). Canon of St Paul's (1562). Lady Margaret Professor of Divinity at Oxford (1564). Archdeacon of Colchester (1565 - 1570) (DNB)

Foxe prints Latin verses responding to John White's Latin verses in praise of Philip and Mary's marriage. In 1563, Foxe credits these verses to 'James Caufield' (1563, p. 1005). In later editions, they are merely credited to 'I.C.' (1570, pp. 1642-43; 1576, p. 1401; 1583, p. 1472).

[The records do not reveal a James Caufield or Caulfield for this period. But Foster (under 'Calfhill, James') states that his name was given in the records as Calfill, Calfield or Calfide. Calfhill would make eminent sense as the author of these verses having the protestant zeal, learning and ties to Foxe.]

Calfhill is described by Foxe as the sub-dean of Corpus Christi College. 1563, p. 1559, 1570, p. 2153, 1576, p. 1859, 1583, p. 1968.

He requested that Peter Martyr's wife's bones be rehoused in their original resting place, along with those of Frideswide. 1563, p. 1559, 1570, p. 2153, 1576, p. 1859, 1583, p. 1968.

[Foxe refers to James Calfield as James Calfhill. Also referred to as James 'Caufield']

James Chapman and Bartholomew Joyes stood as sureties, in the sum of £20 each, for Bland to appear at the next general sessions. 1563, p. 1220, 1570, p. 1845, 1576, p. 1579, 1583, p. 1666.

Clerk

James Clyne was one of those who presided over the examination of Thomas Tomkins on 9 February 1555. 1570, p. 1712; 1576, p. 1461; 1583, p. 1535.

of Calais; charged July 1539; again Easter 1540 [Fines]

James Cocke was one of those accused of heresy to the privy council by councillors of Calais. Broke, Hare, Cocke and Barber were sent with their accusers to England to be examined by Cranmer, Gardiner, Sampson and other bishops. 1563, p. 661; 1570, p. 1401; 1576, p. 1195; 1583, p. 1224.

Cocke with the others was for the time dismissed. 1570, p. 1403; 1576, p. 1196; 1583, p. 1226.

William Smith was sentenced to preach a sermon of recantation in the market place in Calais, while Ralph Hare, James Cocke and James Barber were to abjure and stand bearing faggots. 1570, p. 1403; 1576, p. 1197; 1583, p. 1226.

After an exhaustive inquisition for heretics, Cocke was one of those brought before the commissioners in Calais in 1540, charged and imprisoned. 1563, p. 665; 1570, p. 1404; 1576, p. 1197; 1583, p. 1227.

(1512 - 1582)

MP (1547 -1553), knighted (1552), Speaker of the House of Commons (1553), counsel to University of Cambridge, recorder of Cambridge. Justice of the Common Pleas (1556), transferred to the Queen's Bench (1557). Retransferred to Common Pleas (1558) and retained that position until he died. (DNB)

James Dyer took part in the examination of certain scholars at Cambridge University on 8 January 1557. 1563, p. 1538, 1570, p. 2142, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1956.

Minister. Of Lichfield.

Agnes Penifather was examined by the bishop of Lichfield about what she said to two priests of Lichfield, John Ady and James Foxe, about the martyr Lewes' remains. 1563, p. 1636, 1570, p. 2221, 1576, p. 1917, 1583, p. 2024.

[Not related to John Foxe of Stoke or John Foxe the martyrologist.]

Brother of Sir Edward Gage.

Woodman's neighbours were Cardillar and James Gage. 1563, p. 1574, 1570, p. 2171, 1576, p. 1875, 1583, p. 1984.

Woodman's third examination took place before Alban Langdale and Master James Gage at Montague's house, beside St Mary Overy's, Southwark, on 12 May 1557. 1570, pp. 2182-88, 1576, pp. 1884-89, 1583, pp. 1992-97.

[Son of John Gage.]

(d. before March 1560) [cistercians.shef.ac.uk/abbeys/glenluce.php]

Abbot of Glenluce (1547 - 60); brother of John Gordon of Lochinvar

James Gordon sat on the assize that deprived and exiled John Kerr. 1570, p. 1448; 1576, p. 1235; 1583, p. 1272.

He sat on the assize that tried and condemned Adam Wallace. 1570, pp. 1448-50; 1576, pp. 1235-36; 1583, pp. 1272-73.

(d. 1555)

James Gore died in prison in Colchester on 8 December 1555. 1563, p. 1387, 1570, p. 1960, 1576, p. 1688, 1583, p. 1795.

(d. 1555)

Foxe states that a ?James Gorge? died in prison and that he was buried in the fields (1563, p. 1022; 1570, p. 1655; 1576, p. 1412; 1583, p. 1482).

[NB: Foxe calls him ?James George? in the 1576 and 1583 editions.]

Dutchman of All Hallows Barking; committed to the Counter in 1541 for refusing to confess or receive communion [Fines]

James Gosson was charged for refusing to confess or received communion; he was counselled in this by Herman Peterson. 1563, p. 420.

James Gosson was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1379; 1576, p. 1176; 1583, p. 1204.

Dean of Exeter and chaplain to the Duke of Suffolk

James Haddon was one of six clerics - the others were Walter Phillips, Richard Cheyney, John Philpot, John Aylmer and Thomas Young - who argued against the Real Presence in the Eucharist (1563, pp. 906 and 912; 1570, pp. 1571 and 1576; 1576, pp. 1340 and 1344; 1583, pp. 1410 and 1414-15).

(d. 1554)

Judge of the Common Pleas (1547 - 1553). Of Canterbury. [DNB] Father-in-law of Joyce Hales.

Sir James Hales is mentioned as opposing the act proclaiming Lady Jane Grey as heir to Edward VI and is characterised as both 'favouringe true religion' and 'as upright a Iudge as any was in this realme' (1563, p. 901; 1570, p. 1567; 1576, p. 1336; and 1583, p. 1406).

Hales' exemplary character and piety are described (1563, pp. 1113-14).

Foxe gives a brief account of how Hales upheld the statutes passed in Edward's reign against the establishing of altars and the mass, was imprisoned and attempted suicide (1563, p. 905; 1570, p. 1571; 1576, pp. 1339-40; and 1583, p. 1410; also see 1563, p. 1114).

After Hales had enforced the Edwardian statues in Kent in the summer of 1553, he came to Westminster at the beginning of the legal term in October 1553 to be sworn in as a justice. Lord Chancellor Stephen Gardiner refused to administer the oath to him unless he abjured. Hales refused. He was arrested soon after. While imprisoned, George Day, William Portman and one Foster sought to persuade him to recant. 1563, pp. 1114-15; 1570, pp. 1708-9; 1576, p. 1458; 1583, p. 1532.

Sir James Hales received a letter from John Bradford when he was a prisoner in the Counter in Bread Street. 1570, pp. 1818-19, 1576, pp. 1554-56, 1584, p. 1636.

A notice that Hales was committed to the Marshalsea appears in 1570, p. 1637; 1576, p. 1396; 1583, p. 1467).

Hales attempted to commit suicide in prison. Afterward, in April 1554, he was released 1563, p. 1115; 1570, p. 1709; 1576, p. 1459; 1583, p. 1533.

Ridley reported, in a letter to Cranmer, written in the aftermath of the Oxford disputations in April 1554, that John Moreman had persuaded Sir James Hales to recant (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1394; 1583, p. 1464).

Hales succeeded in killing himself 1563, p. 1115; 1570, p. 1709; 1576, p. 1459; 1583, p. 1533.

Foxe defends Hales' character and suicide 1563, pp. 1116-17; 1570, p. 1709; 1576, p. 1459; 1583, p. 1533.

Hales drowned himself. 1570, p. 2300, 1576, p. 1991. 1583, p. 2101.

Brother of Sir Thomas Hall

Sir Thomas Hall received a letter from John Bradford which mentioned James. 1583, p. 1660.

(c. 1519 - 1575) [ODNB]

2nd earl of Arran and duke of Chatelherault in French nobility; governor of Scotland

The earl of Arran sat on the assize that condemned Sir John Borthwick for heresy. 1563, p. 575; 1583, p. 1259.

He sat on the assize that judged heretics in Perth. When five men and one woman were condemned to death, the earl was inclined to accept the petition of townsmen to pardon them, but the clergy of the town prevented him. 1570, p. 1443; 1576, p. 1230; 1583, p. 1267.

The earl of Arran sat on the assize that deprived and exiled John Kerr. 1570, p. 1448; 1576, p. 1235; 1583, p. 1272.

He sat on the assize that tried and condemned Adam Wallace. 1570, pp. 1448-50; 1576, pp. 1235-36; 1583, pp. 1272-73.

(b. 1541?)

Of Billericay.

James Harris was apprehended and sent to Bonner in the company of Margaret Ellis by Sir John Mordaunt and Sir Edmund Tyrrel. 1563, p. 1692, 1570, p. 2264, 1576, p. 1555, 1583, p. 2062.

Harris confessed but then was troubled at doing so. 1563, p. 1692, 1570, p. 2264, 1576, p. 1955, 1583, p. 2062.

When Harris told the priest that he could not confess his sins as they were so manifold, he was sent to Bonner who took him out into the garden and whipped him. 1563, p. 1692, 1570, p. 2264, 1576, p. 1955, 1583, p. 2062.

(d. 1538) [Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae]

Cistercian; bishop of Ross (1523 - 38) and commissioner for James Beaton, archbishop of St Andrews

James Hamilton, Katherine Hamilton, David Straiton, a woman of Leith, and Norman Gourlay were summoned to appear in the abbey church of Holyrood House, Edinburgh, by James Hay, commissioner to the archbishop of St Andrews, in the presence of King James V, who was dressed entirely in red. 1570, p. 1117; 1576, p. 955; 1583, p. 982.

James Hay condemned David Straiton and Norman Gourlay, who refused to recant, to be burnt. 1570, p. 1117; 1576, p. 956; 1583, p. 982.

Of unknown occupation. Of Ipswich.

James Hearst's wife fled Ipswich for fear of persecution. 1576, p. 1981, 1583, p. 2089.

Thomas Tomkins repeated to James Hinse that he had felt no pain whilst Bonner had burned his hand with a candle. 1570, p. 1711; 1576, p. 1460; 1583, p. 1534.

(d. 1544) [Fines]

Butcher of Perth; Scottish martyr; hanged at Perth

James Hunter was arrested and charged with keeping the company of Robert Lambe, William Anderson, James Raveleson, James Ronaldson and Helen Stirke. He and the others were executed. 1570, pp. 1443-44; 1576, pp. 1230-31; 1583, p. 1267.

George Marsh wrote a letter to James Lever and other co-religionists in the area around Bolton, instructing them on how to behave in the current time of persecution. 1570, p. 1473; 1576, pp. 1488-89; 1583, pp. 1571-72.

[Foxe calls him James 'Leiver'.]

Of Winston, Suffolk.

Thomas Spicer was taken from his bed in his master's house by James Ling and John Keretch of Winston and William Davies of Debenham. 1563, p. 1521, 1570, p. 2092, 1576, p. 1793, 1583, p. 1912.

(d. 1557)

Martyr. Of Heathfield.

James Morice was accused and examined by Christopherson, Richard Briesly, Robert Tailor, Thomas Paccard, Anthony Clarke, and Alban Langdale. He was condemned and martyred at Chichester. 1563, p. 1634, 1570, p. 2220, 1576, p. 1815, 1583, p. 2023.

(d. 1557) [ODNB sub Ralph Morice]

of Roydon, Essex; clerk of works to Lady Margaret Beaufort; joint receiver-general, with his son William, in the court of general surveyors and for possessions recovered by the court of common pleas; father of Ralph

James Morice had to go to London at the time his son Ralph was writing a copy of Archbishop Cranmer's objections to the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1355; 1576, p. 1157; 1583, p. 1185.

(d. 1557)

Martyr.

He was burned at Lewes on 22 June 1557. 1563, p. 1602, 1570, p. 2195, 1576, p. 1895, 1583, p. 2003.

[Son of Margery Morice.]

One of the priests associated with the Western Rising in 1549

James Mourton was one of the priests said to have been the chief inspirers of the rebellion and who were later executed. 1570, p. 1496; 1576, p. 1268; 1583, p. 1305.

of St Benet's at Paul's Wharf; presented with his wife in 1541 for not being confessed

James Ogule was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1378; 1576, p. 1176; 1583, p. 1204.

(1520? - 1576)

First protestant bishop of Durham (1561 - 1576). [DNB]

James Pilkington's preaching in Lancashire in Edward VI's reign was mentioned by George Marsh. 1570, p. 1744; 1576, p. 1489; 1583, p. 1572.

Pilkington's exile was mentioned in Bradford's letter to the university town of Cambridge. 1563, pp. 1178-80, 1570, pp. 1808-09., 1576, p. 1545, 1583, p. 1627.

James Pilkington gave a sermon denouncing Bucer and Phagius at their exhumation and condemnation. 1563, p. 1555, 1583, p. 1966.

Foxe refers to his installation after Elizabeth's accession. 1583, p. 2128.

(1520 - 1576) [ODNB]

BA Cambridgeshire 1539; MA 1542; BTh 1551; protestant exile

Bishop of Durham (1561 - 76)

In the disputation at Cambridge in 1549, William Glyn answered the second disputation, opposed by Andrew Perne, Edmund Grindal, Edmund Guest and James Pilkington. 1570, pp. 1556-57; 1576, pp. 1326-28; 1583, pp. 1382-85.

(d. 1544) [Fines]

Skinner of Perth; helped Robert Lambe hang horns and a tail on the image of St Francis; Scottish martyr; executed at Perth

James Raveleson and others were arrested and charged with gathering in illegal assemblies to hear scripture. He, Robert Lambe and William Anderson were also charged with hanging horns and a tail on the image of St Francis and of eating a goose on All Hallows' Eve. Raveleson was further charged with having had carved on his stairway the triple crown, which David Beaton considered to be mocking. He and the others were executed. 1570, pp. 1443-44; 1576, pp. 1230-31; 1583, p. 1267.

(d. 1544) [T. S. Freeman, 'The Reik of Maister Patrick Hammyltoun', Sixteenth Century Journal, vol. 27, no. 1 (Spring 1996) p. 54]

Husband of Helen Stirke; Scottish martyr; executed at Perth

[Either Foxe or his informant misread the name in the original documents]

James Ronaldson, his wife Helen Stirke and others were arrested and charged with gathering in illegal assemblies to hear scripture. They were all executed. 1570, pp. 1443-44; 1576, pp. 1230-31; 1583, p. 1267.

One of the leaders of the Western Rising in 1549

James Rosogan is mentioned as one of the Devonshire men's chief captains. 1570, p. 1496; 1576, p. 1268; 1583, p. 1305.

Edmund Peerson reported meeting James Smith, Miles Garnet and Richard Bayfield outside the parsonage at St Edmund in Lombard Street, at which time Bayfield said that the others were Pharisees, not Christians. 1570, p. 1191; 1576, p. 1020; 1583, p. 1048.

Official of St Andrews (1524 - 1529x1530) [Fasti Ecclesiæ Scoticanæ]; official of Lothian (1530 - 33)

James Symson was one of those who, with Bishop Beaton, persecuted Patrick Hamilton. 1570, p. 1107; 1576, p. 947; 1583, p. 974.

Of St Margaret Lothbury, London.

Thomas Beard, an informer, discovered Trevisam's servant John Small reading an English Bible to Trevisam, his wife, and others in Trevisam's house. Small and the others were arrested and only his grave illness kept Trevisam from being carted off to prison as well. He died while the case against him was in progress. On his deathbed he refused to conform to the orthodox views on the sacrament of the altar presented to him by John Farthing, rector of St Margaret Lothbury. When Farthing reported this to Bishop Bonner of London, Bonner ordered that Trevisam be denied Christian burial. 1570, p. 1843; 1576, p. 1577; 1583, p. 1665.

(d. 1570?)

Bishop of Exeter (1555 - 1559) (DNB)

James Tuberville is mentioned under the name 'Troublefield' on 1570, p. 1579; 1576, p. 1347; 1583, p. 1418).

Also referred to as 'Trublefield'

(d. 1570?)

DD (1532). Bishop of Exeter (1555) (DNB)

John Harpsfield wrote a letter to Bonner about Whittle's subscription, in which he mentioned having had dinner with the bishop of Exeter. 1563, pp. 1455-56, 1570, pp. 2017-18, 1576, p. 1738, 1583, p. 1846.

James Turberville examined and condemned Mrs Prest. 1563, p. 1737, 1570, p. 2249, 1576, pp. 1943-45, 1583, p. 2049.

He was imprisoned in the Tower after the death of Mary. 1570, p. 2301, 1576, p. 1992, 1583, p. 2102.

(d. 1556)

Martyr. Of Brenthley, Kent.

James Tutrye was examined by Nicholas Harpsfield and Thornden on 3 August. 1563, p. 1273.

Articles were brought against him to which he gave answers. 1563, p. 1273. Referred to in 1570, p. 1884, 1576, p. 1614, 1583, p. 1708.

In 1563 he was burned 6 August 1556 (p. 1273) but in 1570, p. 1184, 1576, p. 1614, 1583, p. 1708, he was burned c. 6 September [1556] at Canterbury.

[Also referred to as Turtye and Tutrye.]

(1512 - 1542) [ODNB]

King of the Scots (1513 - 42)

James Hamilton, Katherine Hamilton, David Straiton, a woman of Leith, and Norman Gourlay were summoned to appear in the abbey church of Holyrood House, Edinburgh, by James Hay, commissioner to the archbishop of St Andrews, in the presence of King James V, who was dressed entirely in red. 1570, p. 1117; 1576, p. 955; 1583, p. 982.

King James advised James Hamilton not to appear, since he could not help him if he did. Hamilton fled, was convicted of heresy and had his goods confiscated. The king encouraged the others to recant. 1570, p. 1117; 1576, p. 956; 1583, p. 982.

After the Act of Supremacy, Henry VIII attempted to improve relations with other monarchs by sending ambassadors. Sir Ralph Sadler was sent to James V, king of the Scots. 1570, p. 1218; 1576, p. 1043; 1583, p. 1070.

François I of France married his daughter to James V, breaking an agreement with Henry VIII. 1570, p. 1239; 1576, p. 1061; 1583, p. 1088.

Wife of Robert Barker. Of Bury St Edmunds.

Jane Barker was named by Philip Williams, John Steward and Matthew Butler as having access to her husband, who was a priest. 1576, p. 1981, 1583, p. 2090.

(d. 1542) [ODNB]

Viscountess of Rochford; married George Boleyn, brother of Anne; lady of the bedchamber to three queens after Anne; arranged meetings; executed

Lady Rochford was condemned for treason for abetting the adultery of Katherine Howard and was executed. 1570, p. 1385; 1576, p. 1181; 1583, p. 1210.

(1537 - 1554) (DNB)

Jane Grey was named by Edward VI as his heir and proclaimed Queen (1563, p. 901; 1570, p. 1567; 1576, p. 1336; 1583, p. 1406).

She was compared favorably to Edward VI in learning; she was also compared to Aspasia, Sempronia and the mother of the Gracchi (1563, p. 901; 1570, p. 1576; 1576, p. 1336; and 1583, p. 1406).

She was imprisoned in the Tower for nearly five months after Mary became Queen (1563, p. 902; 1570, p. 1569; 1576, p. 1338; 1583, p. 1407).

Jane Grey's writings and letters (1563, pp. 917-22; 1570, pp. 1580-84; 1576, pp. 1348-52; 1583, pp. 1420-22).

Jane Grey's words at her execution and a description of her execution are in 1563, p. 919; 1570, p. 1584; 1576, p. 1352; and 1583, p. 1422.

Latin verses written by Jane Grey are in 1563, p. 922; 1570, p. 1584; 1576, p. 1352; and 1583, pp. 1422-23).

Latin verses commemorating Jane Grey (by John Parkhust, John Foxe and Laurence Humphrey) are in 1563, pp. 923; 1570, pp. 1584-85; 1576, p. 1352; and 1583, p. 1423.

Jane was executed 12 February 1554 (1563, p 823; 1570, p. 1584; 1576, p. 1352; 1583, p. 1422).

Also referred to as 'Jane Dudley'

Nurse. Widow. Of Norwich.

Jane Morant's son-in-law, Henry Bird, was forced to flee Norfolk to avoid persecution. 1563, p. 1678.

[Mother of Alice Bird and mother-in-law of Henry Bird.]

(1508/9 - 1537) [ODNB]

Queen of England (1536 - 37); 3rd consort of Henry VIII; mother of Edward VI

Henry married Jane Seymour shortly after the execution of Anne Boleyn. 1570, p. 1234; 1576, p. 1056; 1583, p. 1083.

Queen Jane died soon after the birth of her son. 1570, p. 1239; 1576, p. 1061; 1583, p. 1087.

C2 Christian martyred in Rome; called a son of Felicitas; martyred with her. [Catholic Encyclopedia sub Felicitas]

Januarius, eldest son of Felicitas, was whipped and pressed to death with weights. 1570, p. 67; 1576, p. 44; 1583, p. 44.

(died after 1576)

Dean of Guernsey (deprived in 1558), curé of St Saviour, Guernsey (1547 - 1572). [D. M. Ogier, Reformation and Society in Guernsey (Woodbridge, Suffolk, 1996), p. .69, 75.]

Jaques Amy examined and condemned Perotine Massey, Katherine Cauches and Guillemine Gilbert. 1563, pp. 1542-43, 1570, pp. 2127-28, 1576, p. 1849, 1583, p. 1943.

He was later forced to beg pardon for his involvement in the deaths of Perotine Massey, Katherine Cauches and Guillemine Gilbert. He was imprisoned and disposessed of his livings. 1563, pp. 1544-45, 1570, pp. 2130-31, 1576, pp. 1851-52, 1583, pp. 1945-46.

(d. 667) [ODNB sub Ceadda]

Bishop of the Mercians

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 164; 1576, p. 124; 1583, p. 122.

of Cologne [Fines]

Jaspar Wetzel was charged in London in 1531 with refusing to attend mass or pray to the Virgin and for mocking the rood at St Margaret Pattens. 1563, p. 419; 1570, p. 1187; 1576, p. 1015; 1583, p. 1043.

(1509 - 1564) [C. Scott Dixon, M. Greengrass, www.leedstrinity.ac.uk/histcourse/reformat/biograph.htm]

French protestant theologian; preacher, professor of theology at Geneva 1536, ordered to leave 1538; went to Strasbourg; invited to return to Geneva 1541

At John Marbeck's trial, he claimed the words he was charged with were those of the 'learned man' Calvin. 1570, p. 1396; 1576, p. 1191; 1583, p. 1219.

(1363 - 1429) [G. Holmes, Europe: Hierarchy and Revolt 1320-1450 (London, 1975) pp. 140, 180]

French ecclesiastical statesman and writer; DTh Paris 1392; became chancellor of the university 1395; attended the council of Constance in 1414; supported Pierre d' Ailly in ending the papal schism; led in the condemnation of Hus

In their examination for heresy, Thomas Arthur and Thomas Bilney said that Gerson criticised the large number of laws in the church. 1563, p. 464; 1570, p. 1137; 1576, p. 974; 1583, p. 1000.

Jurat (dismissed in 1565, but pardoned of all previous offences on 18 February 1566). Of S Pierre Port, Guernsey. [ See Eagleston, A. J., 'The Dismissal of the Seven Jurats in 1565' in Transactions of la Societe Guernesiaise, xii (1936), pp. 500-16.]

Jean le Marchant took part in the examination and condemnation of Perotine Massey, Katherine Cauches and Guillemine Gilbert. 1563, pp. 1542-43, 1570, pp. 2127-28, 1576, p. 1849, 1583, p. 1943.

He was later forced to beg pardon for his involvement in the deaths of Perotine Massey, Katherine Cauches and Guillemine Gilbert. 1570, pp. 2130-31, 1576, pp. 1851-52, 1583, pp. 1945-46.

[Referred to by Foxe as 'John Marchant'.]

(c. 1509 - 1561)

Professor of canon law at the University of Paris

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 1329; 1576, p. 1134; 1583, p. 1163.

(d. 1563)

French protestant divine and controversialist (DNB)

Jean Veron is misidentified as 'M. Vernon' by Foxe, who accurately reports that he was committed to the Tower, together with Bradford, by the privy council on 16 August 1553 (1583, p. 1497 [recte 1409]; cf. APC IV, p. 321).

There is another mention of Veron being sent to the Tower, together with Bradford and Becon, on 16 August 1553 (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1395; 1583, p. 1465).

A letter from Ridley and his fellow prisoners to Bradford and his fellow prisoners in the King's Bench in 1554 stated that Ridley longed to hear of Father Crome, Doctor Sandys, Masters Saunders, Veron, Beacon and Rogers. 1563, p. 1294, 1570, p. 1896, 1576, p. 1624, 1583, p. 1724.

Of unknown occupation. Of Great Bentley, Essex.

Information against Ralph Allerton was provided by Jeffrey Bestwood. 1563, p. 1626, 1570, p. 2212, 1576, p. 1908, 1583, p. 2016.

Nail maker. Of Shakerley, Lancashire.

Jeffrey Hurst was the son of a yeoman and married the sister of George Marsh. 1570, p. 2280, 1576, p. 1968, 1583, p. 2075.

He fled to Yorkshire for fear of persecution, leaving his wife and child. 1570, p. 2280, 1576, p. 1968, 1583, p. 1076.

He secretly returned home at night when possible. 1570, p. 2280, 1576, p. 1968, 1583, p. 2077.

Hurst would secretly take communion with Reneses, Best, Brodbanke and Russel, who were all preachers. 1570, p. 2280, 1576, p. 1968, 1583, p. 2077.

He returned home after the death of his father for around seven or eight weeks. 1570, p. 2280, 1576, p. 1968, 1583, p. 2077.

The house was searched under the direction of Thomas Lelond, justice, and Hurst's books were found, including Tindal's translation of the New Testament. 1570, p. 2280, 1576, p. 1968, 1583, p. 2077.

He was examined by Lelond. 1570, p. 2280, 1576, p. 1968, 1583, p. 2077.

Hurst fell ill after performing the duty of ensuring that Queen Elizabeth's proceedings took place, and died. 1570, p. 2280, 1576, p. 1968, 1583, p. 2077.

[Brother-in-law of George Marsh.]

[See Christopher Haigh, Reformation and Resistance in Tudor Lancashire (Cambridge, 1975), pp. 85, 172, 173, 187, 188, 192.]

(CSP Dom Mary I, p. 31)

Imperial Ambassador

His arrival 2 January 1554 (1570, p. 1636; 1576, p 1396; 1583, p. 1467).

Foxe spells him 'Monsieur Corire'.

Imperial ambassador to England by August 1550 [R. J. Lyall, 'Alexander Barclay and the Edwardian Reformation 1548-52', The Review of English Studies, New Series, vol. 20, no. 80. (November, 1969), p.457]

The imperial ambassador was mentioned in a letter from the privy council to Princess Mary on 27 May 1551. 1576, p. 1295; 1583, p. 1337.

Sheriff of Gloucester (1554 - 1555)

John Hooper was committed to Jenkins' custody, and that of his fellow sheriff, William Bond, on the eve of the bishop's execution. Bond and Jenkins wished to hold him at the town gaol, but were persuaded to let Hooper stay, under guard, at the house of Richard Ingram. 1563, pp. 1059-60; 1570, p. 1682; 1576, p. 1436; 1583, p. 1509.

Bond and Jenkins led Hooper to the stake. They insisted that he remove his doublet, hose and waistcoat before being burned so that they might later sell them. 1563, pp. 1060-61; 1570, p. 1683; 1576, p. 1436; 1583, p. 1510.

Jenkins accused William Chambers of committing adultery in Robert Ferrar's house. 1563, p. 1085; 1583, p. 1543.

Servant of unspecified role to the chancellor of Coventry.

Robert Glover was sent to Lichfield and received by Jephcot. 1563, p. 1280, 1570, p. 1889, 1576, p. 1618, 1583, p. 1712.

He had a discussion with Glover in prison. 1563, p. 1281, 1570, p. 1889, 1576, p. 1618, 1583, p. 1712.

Stephen Gardiner was received at Jeremie's house in Louane and honorably entertained there. 1570, p. 1959, 1576, p. 1686, 1583, p. 1794.

(c. 340/2 - 420) [Catholic Encyclopedia]

Scholar; translator of the bible from Greek and Hebrew into Latin; studied at Rome and Trier. Lived as an ascetic (374 -79); lived in Constantinople (380 - 81), Rome (382 - 85) and Bethlehem (386)

Jerome was called 'papas' or 'father' by Boniface I and others. 1570, p. 11; 1576, p. 8; 1583, p. 8.

of S Botolph's, Billingsgate; one of 9 presented in 1541 for not being confessed in Lent or receiving at Easter

Jerome Akon was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1376; 1576, p. 1174; 1583, p. 1203.

(1501 - 1576)

Italian doctor of medicine, mathematician, astrologer

Cardan gave written testimony of Edward VI's knowledge of the liberal sciences. 1563, p. 885; 1570, p. 1485; 1576, p. 1259; 1583, p. 1296.

(c. 1370 - 1416) [G. Holmes, Europe: Hierarchy and Revolt 1320-1450 (London, 1975) pp. 197, 203]

Preacher, religious reformer; studied at Oxford, Paris, Heidelberg, Cologne; brought Wyclif's writings to Prague; friend and colleague of John Hus; burnt at Constance

The life and martyrdom of Jerome of Prague. 1563, pp. 242-50; 1570, pp. 748-57; 1576, pp. 608-15; 1583, pp. 632-39.

(1502 - 1557)

King of Portugal (1521 - 57)

William Gardiner was living in Lisbon at the time of the celebration of the marriage between João Manuel, son of the king of Portugal, and Joan of Spain. 1563, p. 876; 1570, p. 1542; 1576, p. 1314; 1583, p. 1364.

At the time of the marriage, Gardiner attended a mass and was distressed at the people's reaction to the sacrament. He settled his accounts and renounced the world. The next Sunday during mass, he grabbed the host out of the cardinal's hand and trod it under foot. He was wounded, but the king cried out and saved him. 1563, pp. 876-77; 1570, pp. 1542-43; 1576, p. 1315; 1583, p. 1365.

Gardiner was brought before the king and examined. He was tortured, his hands were cut off and he was burnt. 1563, pp. 877-78; 1570, pp. 1543-44; 1576, pp. 1315-16; 1583, pp. 1366-67.

(1537 - 1554)

Son of King João III of Portugal; married Joan of Spain in 1552; his posthumous son became King Sebastian I

William Gardiner was living in Lisbon at the time of the celebration of the marriage between João Manuel of Portugal and Joan of Spain. 1563, p. 876; 1570, p. 1542; 1576, p. 1314; 1583, p. 1364.

(c. 1135 - 1202) [M. Reeves, The Influence of Prophecy in the Later Middle Ages (Oxford, 1969) pp. 3-14]

Founder of the monastic order of San Giovanni in Fiore; theologian, mystic, prophet; produced a theory of three ages based on interpretation of Revelations

Joachim of Fiore's writings were submitted to the fourth Lateran Council and judged to be erroneous. 1570, p. 1313; 1576, p. 1124; 1583, p. 1149.

Widow of Bower Hall, Steeple Bumpstead, Essex; she, her 2 sons and 2 daughters were accused in 1525 [Fines]

Joan Smith, her sons and daughters, with many from Steeple Bumpstead, abjured. 1570, p. 1190; 1576, p. 1019; 1583, p. 1047.

(d. 1556)

Widow. Martyr. Of Tunbridge, Kent.

Joan Beach was examined by Maurice Griffith, bishop of Rochester. 1563, p. 1521, 1570, p. 2086, 1576, p. 1900, 1583, p. 1906.

Articles were raised against her which she answered. 1563, p. 1521, 1570, p. 2086, 1576, p. 1900, 1583, p. 1906.

She was burned with John Harpole in Rochester around 1 April 1556. 1563, p. 1521, 1570, p. 2086, 1576, p. 1800, 1583, p. 1906.

Maid of Thomas Patmore; married his curate, Simon Smith [Fines]

Simon Smith was charged in London in 1531 with marrying while a priest. He and his pregnant wife were subjected to a lengthy examination, made to abjure and given penance to perform. 1570, p. 1188; 1576, p. 1017; 1583, p. 1044.

(d. 1550) [ODNB]

Religious radical; burnt at Smithfield

Edward VI was opposed to the burning of Joan Bocher. 1563, p. 884; 1570, p. 1484; 1576, p. 1258; 1583, p. 1295.

George van Parris and Joan Bocher were the only martyrs during Edward VI's reign. 1563, p. 685; 1570, p. 1486; 1576, p. 1260; 1583, p. 1297.

(d. 1557)

Martyr. Of Staplehurst

Joan Bradbridge was burned with six others at Maidstone on 18 June 1557. 1570, p. 2167, 1576, p. 1872, 1583, p. 1979.

(d. 1550)

Anabaptist executed for heresy in 1550 [DNB]

William Chedsey accused Thomas Hawkes of glorying in his own martyrdom just as Boucher had done. Hawkes denied any similarity between Butcher and himself. 1563, pp. 1154-55; 1570, p. 1763; 1576, p. 1506; 1583, p. 1589

(d. 1550)

'Joan of Kent'. Anabaptist executed for heresy in 1550 [DNB]

William Chedsey accused Thomas Hawkes of glorying in his own martyrdom just as Boucher had done. Hawkes denied any similarity between Butcher and himself. 1563, pp. 1154-55; 1570, p. 1763; 1576, p. 1506; 1583, p. 1589

During his sixth examination, Philpot stated that Joan of Kent was a heretic. 1563, pp. 1405-12, 1570, pp. 1972-78, 1576, pp. 1698-1702, 1583, pp. 1805-10.

(d. 1556)

Martyr. Of parish of Hythe. Wife of George Catmer.

Joan Catmer was burned on 31 January 1556 at Canterbury. 1563, pp. 1469, 1470, 1570, p. 2032, 1576, p. 1751, 1583, p. 1859.

[Foxe also refers to her by the variant 'Cotmer'.]

of Tenterden, Kent

Joan Colyn abjured in Kent in 1511. 1570, p. 1455; 1576, p. 1241; 1583, p. 1278.

Later, wife of John Sparke.

Shortly before her death, Margaret Thurston was taken back to the castle and told Joan Cook, later the wife of John Spark, what had happened. On the morning Margaret Thurston was due to be burned, her case was deferred. As she was preparing to be burned, she began to shiver and tremble, and felt as though she were being lifted up. She turned to get her psalter, just as the jailor took away her fellow prisoners. She was later taken to the town-prison where she remained for around another week. 1563, p. 1632, 1570, p. 2215, 1576, p. 1912, 1583, p. 2020.

(d. 1556)

Wife of William Dangerfield. Of Wootton-under-Edge, near Bristol.

Joan Dangerfield bore William ten children. 1570, p. 2039, 1576, pp. 1859-60, 1583, p. 1953.

When the tenth child was fourteen days old she and her child were seized by the authorities and placed in jail. 1570, p. 2039, 1576, p. 1860, 1583, p. 1953.

The catholic prisoners with her would not allow her and the baby to get near the fire to get warm. 1570, p. 2039, 1576, p. 1860, 1583, p. 1953.

Her child starved to death and she died soon afterwards. 1570, p. 2039, 1576, p. 1860, 1583, p. 1953.

(d. 1553) [ODNB sub Anthony Denny]

Wife of Sir Anthony; in the households of Anne of Cleves and Katherine Parr; committed protestant

After her condemnation, Anne Askew was asked about the duchess of Suffolk, the countess of Sussex, the countess of Hertfordshire, Lady Denny and Lady Fitzwilliam. 1563, p. 676; 1570, p. 1418; 1576, p. 1209; 1583, p. 1238.

(d. c. 1570)

Prosperous shopkeeper.

Joan Dibney was driven into hiding and her house was searched. 1563, p. 1678.

Dibney hid in the house of a neighbour to avoid persecution. She witnessed her goods being spoiled. 1563, p. 1678.

[Her will is dated 15 January 1571 (Essex Records Office D/ARC6/219). She was indicted as a member of Thomas Putter's conventicle. Her father-in-law, Thomas Dibney, was a Colchester alderman who was called before the privy council. (Laquita Hicks, Godliness and Governance in Tudor Colchester (Michigan, 1998), pp. 170-71.]

[Her first husband was called Reve. Her second husband was John Dibney (married 1547). She was the daughter-in-law of Thomas Dibney. For her death see Essex Record Office D/ARC6/219.]

wife of John Dodde

Joan Dodde abjured in Kent in 1511. 1570, p. 1455; 1576, p. 1241; 1583, p. 1278.

Wife of Simon; then wife of James Bainham [Fines]

Mrs Fish was told by the king that it was safe for her husband to return to England. When the king's signet protected her husband from persecution by Sir Thomas More, More sent for her. She had refused to allow friars to say the gospels in Latin in her house. She was not further molested as her daughter was ill with plague. 1570, pp. 448-49; 1570, p. 1153; 1576, p. 986; 1583, p. 1014.

Because James Bainham's wife would not admit that proscribed books were in their house, she was sent to the Fleet. 1570, p. 496; 1570, p. 1168; 1576, p. 999; 1583, p. 1027.

Of Stoke, Suffolk.

Joan Fouke was a member of the congregation persecuted in Stoke, Suffolk. 1563, p. 1698, 1570, p. 2277, 1576, p. 1966, 1583, p. 2074.

Wife of John Draper, rector of the parish of Rayleigh, Essex

Foxe prints a copy of a commission issued by Bishop Bonner divorcing Draper from his wife Joan Gold in 1563, p. 931. Foxe relates in subsequent editions that Draper and Gold were divorced, but he does not print the actual document (1570, p. 1591; 1576, p. 1358; 1583, p. 1428).

of Rolvenden, Kent; wife of Thomas; abjured; witness against the Kent martyrs 1511

Joan Harwood abjured in Kent in 1511. 1570, p. 1455; 1576, p. 1241; 1583, p. 1278.

Daughter of Andrew Ingforby. Married Lawrence Humphrey in Geneva. (ODNB sub Lawrence Humphrey)

Joan Ingforby fled Ipswich for fear of persecution. 1576, p. 1981, 1583, p. 2089.

of Tenterden, Kent

Joan Linche abjured in Kent in 1511. 1570, p. 1455; 1576, p. 1241; 1583, p. 1278.

Joan Love was arrested for drinking from the same cup as Joyce Lewes at Lewes' martyrdom. 1563, p. 1636, 1570, p. 2221, 1576, p. 1917, 1583, p. 2024.

wife of Thomas Lowes of Cranbrook, Kent

Joan Lowes abjured in Kent in 1511. 1570, p. 1455; 1576, p. 1241; 1583, p. 1278.

(d. 1557)

Martyr. Wife, of Maidstone

Joan Mannings was burned with six others at Maidstone on 18 June 1557. 1570, p. 2167, 1576, p. 1872, 1583, p. 1979.

(1535 - 1573)

Daughter of Emperor Charles V; married João Manuel of Portugal in 1552; mother of King Sebastian I of Portugal; regent in Spain while brother Philip II was in England

William Gardiner was living in Lisbon at the time of the celebration of the marriage between João Manuel of Portugal and Joan of Spain. 1563, p. 876; 1570, p. 1542; 1576, p. 1314; 1583, p. 1364.

of Godmersham, Kent; wife of William the elder

Joan Olbert abjured in Kent in 1511. 1570, p. 1455; 1576, p. 1241; 1583, p. 1278.

Wife of Hugh Potter.

Joan Potter was delivered to Bonner by Mordant and Tyrrel for examination. She was named in a letter written to Bonner by the two justices. 1563, p. 1518, 1570, p. 2091, 1576, p. 1804, 1583, p. 1910.

Wife of Laurence Saunders (1) and Robert Harrington (2)

Joan Saunders brought her young son to visit Laurence Saunders in prison. 1563, p. 1045; 1570, p. 1669; 1576, p. 1425; 1583, p. 1497.

Laurence Saunders sent letters to her from prison. 1563, pp. 1043-44 and 1047; 1570, pp 1667-69 and 1672-74; 1576, pp. 1422-24 and 1426-28; 1583, pp. 1496-1502.

She fled overseas to Frankfurt, with her son, and lived in the household of Robert and Lucy Harrington. After Lucy Harrington's death she married Robert, by June 1556. [Garrett, Marian Exiles, sub 'Harrington, Robert'].

of Ridgewell, Essex; accused with her mother, sister and 3 brothers in 1525 [Fines sub Agnes Smith]

Joan Smith, her mother, brothers and sister, with many from Essex, abjured. 1570, p. 1190; 1576, p. 1019; 1583, p. 1047.

Widow of Coventry. Martyred for teaching her children 4 April 1519

Joan Smyth was initially spared from burning, but was discovered by the bishop's summoner to have the Lord's Prayer, the articles of faith and the ten commandments in English on her person. She was immediately returned to the bishop and burnt with the others. 1563, pp. 420-21; 1570, p. 1107; 1576, p. 946; 1583, p. 973.

(d. 1556)

Martyr. Of the parish of Horton, Kent.

Joan Sole was condemned on 18 January 1556. 1570, p. 2032.

She was burned on 31 January 1556 at Canterbury. 1563, p. 1469, 1570, p. 2032, 1576, p. 1751, 1583, p. 1858.

(d. 1556)

Wife of Michael Trunchfield. Martyr. Of Ipswich.

Joan Trunchfield's husband feared for her safety. She told him not to be fearful when she visited him and their children. 1563, p. 1734, 1583, p. 2144.

Foxe recounts Joan Trunchfield's bravery at the stake. 1570, p. 2072, 1576, p. 1787, 1583, p. 1894.

She was burned at Ipswich in late February or early March 1556. 1563, p. 1503 [1563 states specifically 19 February 1556 but this is then changed in subsequent editions to the more vague Feb/March], 1570, p. 2072, 1576, p. 1787, 1583, p. 1894.

Of Ipswich.

Joan Ward refused to allow children to be dipped in the fonts. 1576, p. 1981, 1583, p. 2089.

She was said by Philip Williams, John Steward and Matthew Butler not to have watched the elevation of the sacrament. 1576, p. 1981, 1583, p. 2089.

[Alias Bentley's wife.]

Maiden. Alias Lashford (or Laishford).

Joan Warren was the daughter of Elizabeth and John Warne (step-father). She is described as a wife in 1563, p. 1451.

She was born in the parish of lytle Sainct Hallowes, Thomas / Thamis Street. 1563, p. 1468, 1570, p. 2030, 1576, p. 1600, 1583, p. 1689.

Foxe recounts her formative years. 1563, p. 1468, 1570, p. 2030, 1576, p. 1600, 1583, p. 1689.

She was apprehended in Bow churchyard, where she had been at communion. 1570, p. 2030, 1576, p. 1600, 1583, p. 1689.

She was examined by Bonner. Foxe lists the charges and her answers to the charges. 1563, pp. 1451-54, 1570, p. 2030, 1576, p. 1600, 1583, p. 1689.

Dr Martin, the commissioner, gave suit for Warren's release, but this was overturned by Dr Scory. 1563, p. 1251, 1570, p. 2030, 1576, p. 1600, 1583, p. 1689.

A letter was sent by the commissioners to Bonner requesting examination of the accused members of the London sacramentaries (including Lashford [Warren/Warne]). It was dated 2 July 1555 and signed by Nicholas Hare, William Roper, Richard Rede, and William Cooke. 1563, p. 1250, 1570, p. 2030, 1576, p. 1599, 1583, p. 1689.

John Harpsfield wrote a letter to Bonner about Whittle's subscription, in which he stated that he expected Warren to burn at the stake. 1563, pp. 1455-56, 1570, pp. 2017-18, 1576, p. 1738, 1583, p. 1846.

She was burned at Smithfield in January 1556. 1563, p. 1451, 1570, p. 2030, 1576, p. 1600, 1583, p. 1689.

John Careless wrote a letter to Bartlett Green, Thomas Whittle, Joan Warren, Isabel Foster and certain other prisoners in Newgate. 1570, p. 2107, 1576, p. 1818, 1583, pp. 1924-25.

[Also referred to as 'Warne' and 'Warner'.]

(1534? - 1556)

A blind, unmarried woman. Of All Hallows parish, Derby.

Joan Waste was the daughter of William Waste, barber, who used occasionally to make ropes. 1570, p. 2137, 1576, p. 1858, 1583, p. 1951.

She learned to knit hose and sleeves when she was around twelve or fourteen years old and to help her father. 1570, p. 2137, 1576, p. 1858, 1583, p. 1952.

After her parents death, she lived with her brother, Roger Waste, during the reign of Edward VI. Roger took her to church to hear sermons in the vernacular. 1570, p. 2137, 1576, p. 1858, 1583, p. 1952.

She became well versed in religion during Edward VI's reign. 1570, p. 2137, 1576, p. 1858, 1583, p. 1952.

She saved money to buy a New Testament. 1570, p. 2137, 1576, p. 1858, 1583, p. 1952.

She became acquainted with John Hurt, a prisoner in the common hall of Derby, who read to her from her New Testament. 1570, p. 2137, 1576, p. 1858, 1583, p. 1952.

When John Hurt could not read to her, Joan Waste went to John Pemberton, clerk of the parish church of All Saints, Derby. 1570, p. 2137, 1576, p. 1858, 1583, p. 1952.

Foxe lists her persecutors as: Ralph Bane, Anthony Draycot and Peter Finch, with the assistance of Richard Ward, William Bainbridge, John Dethick, Richard Blackwell, Richard Parchinson, Thomas Swinerton, George Poyser, Thomas Roper and John Reyner, [1563, p. 1545] and Sir John Port and Henry Vernon. 1570, p. 2137, 1576, p. 1858, 1583, p. 1952

Anthony Draycot had Waste apprehended in Derby. 1570, p. 2137, 1576, p. 1858, 1583, p. 1952.

Waste was brought out of prison by Peter Finch. 1570, p. 2137, 1576, p. 1858, 1583, p. 1952.

Articles were brought against her. 1563, p. 1545, 1570, pp. 2137-38, 1576, pp. 1858-59, 1583, p. 1952.

Waste said that the doctrine taught and sermons given by Dr Taylor were believed by Taylor and others to be a true doctrine. 1570, p. 2138, 1576, p. 1859, 1583, p. 1952.

She was condemned by Thornden and Draycot. 1570, p. 2138, 1576, p. 1859, 1583, p. 1952.

On the day of her death Joan Waste was accompanied to church by Draycot, Thomas Powthread, Henry Vernon, Master Dethick of Newhall and many others. 1570, p. 2138, 1576, p. 1859, 1583, p. 1952.

Draycot preached a violent sermon against Joan Waste. 1570, p. 2138, 1576, p. 1859, 1583, p. 1952.

Draycot demanded that the gentlemen and bailiffs witness Joan Waste's death. 1570, p. 2138, 1576, p. 1859, 1583, p. 1952.

Her brother, Roger Waste, held her hand on the way to the Windmill-pit, where she was burned in August 1556. 1570, p. 2138, 1576, p. 1859, 1583, p. 1952.

Draycot went to an inn and slept during her execution. 1570, p. 2138, 1576, p. 1859, 1583, p. 1952.

William Bainbridge, bailiff, testified to these events. 1570, p. 2138, 1576, p. 1859, 1583, p. 1953.

John Cadman, curate of Derby, testified to these events. 1570, p. 2138, 1576, p. 1859, 1583, p. 1953.

(d. 1556)

Wife of William Wilkinson, mercer and London alderman; sister of Lord North of Kirtling (DNB)

Anne Boleyn's silkwoman; she smuggled heretical books into England for the queen (DNB).

John Hooper wrote to Joan Wilkinson describing his dispute with a friar in prison. 1570, p. 1685; 1576, p. 1438; 1583, p. 1511.

Hooper wrote to Joan Wilkinson, congratulating her on avoiding idolatry and asking her to pray for him. 1570, p. 1691; 1576, pp. 1443-44; 1583, p. 1517.

Joan Wilkinson was a great comfort to Ridley. 1563, p. 1295, 1570, p. 1897, 1576, p. 1624, 1583, p. 1725.

Mistress Wilkinson received a letter from Nicholas Ridley when he was imprisoned in the Bocardo in Oxford. 1563, p. 1295, 1570, p. 1921, 1576, p. 1648, 1583, p. 1756.

Mistress Wilkinson received a letter from Hugh Latimer. 1563, p. 1356, 1570, p. 1921, 1576, p. 1647 , 1583, p. 1756.

Mistress Wilkinson and M Warcup and his wife received a letter from John Bradford. 1570, pp. 1817-18, 1576, pp. 1552-54, 1583, p. 1635.

She received a letter from John Bradford. 1570, p. 1825, 1576, p. 1561, 1583, p. 1643.

Thomas Cranmer sent a letter to Mistress Wilkinson. 1570, p. 2071, 1576, p. 1786, 1583, p. 1892.

[NB: Joan Wilkinson was often associated with Ann Warcop, the wife of a cousin Cuthbert Warcop. Wilkinson stayed with the Warcops at their manor in English, Oxfordshire, during 1554 and 1555.She fled overseas with the Warcops and lived in their household in Frankfurt [Garrett, Marian Exiles, sub 'Warcop, Cuthbert']. In her will of 1556, Wilkinson stated that she had loaned her books to John Hooper for use during his lifetime and she bequeathed £20 for the education of Hooper's son Daniel (PRO, PCC Prob 11/42B, fol. 233v)].

(d. 1556) [ODNB]

Religious radical; sister of Edward North, 1st Baron North; Anne Boleyn's silkwoman (1533 - 35); cared for imprisoned protestants during Mary's reign, then went into exile; died at Frankfurt

Joan Wilkinson praised the order kept in Queen Anne's court, with the ladies of the court kept occupied with sewing for the poor. 1563, p. 509; 1570, p. 1198; 1576, p. 1026; 1583, p. 1054.

Spinster. Of Horsley Magna, Essex.

Winseley was one of 18 men and 4 women indicted for heresy in Colchester.1563, p. 1566 [recte 1578].

Joan Winseley was charged with heresy and delivered to John Kingston and then to Bonner. 1570, p. 2159, 1576, p. 1865, 1583, p. 1974.

She wrote a confession of faith and signed a submission agreeing to catholic teaching on the eucharist. 1570, p. 2159, 1576, p. 1865, 1583, p. 1974.

[Probably related to Thomas Winesley.]

(1492? - 1558)

Mother of William Seaman. Of Mendlesham.

Joan Seaman was married for over forty years. 1563, p. 1655, 1570, p. 2234, 1576, p. 1929, 1583, p. 2036.

She was persecuted by Sir John Tyrrel. 1563, p. 1655, 1570, p. 2234, 1576, p. 1929, 1583, p. 2036.

She had to hide from authorities in various locations. 1563, p. 1655, 1570, p. 2234, 1576, p. 1929, 1583, p. 2036.

She returned home when her husband became ill. 1563, p. 1655, 1570, p. 2234, 1576, p. 1929, 1583, p. 2036.

She died shortly after her husband. 1563, p. 1655, 1570, p. 2234, 1576, p. 1929, 1583, p. 2036.

When Symonds, the commissary, heard of the death of Mother Seaman he insisted that she not be buried in holy ground. 1563, p. 1655, 1570, p. 2234, 1576, p. 1929, 1583, p. 2036.

(d. 577) [Gams]

Patriarch of Constantinople (565 - 77); appointed at the deposition of Eutychius.

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 15; 1576, p. 12; 1583, p. 12.

Of Antioch

C9 Irish teacher, theologian, philosopher, poet [Catholic Encyclopedia]

Joannes Scotus was well thought of by Charles the Bald and Louis the Stammerer. 1570, p. 1300; 1576, p. 1113; 1583, p. 1138.

(1485 - 1558) [Hillerbrand]

German Protestant reformer. Born Pomerania; lecturer at Wittenberg, pastor of principal church there; helped Luther translate the Bible

Robert Barnes fled England and went to Germany, where he found favour with Luther, Melancthon, Bugenhagen, Justus Jonas, Hegendorph, Aepinus, the duke of Saxony and the king of Denmark. 1563, p. 603; 1570, p. 1366; 1576, p. 1165; 1583, p. 1194.

(1479 - 1552) [C. Scott Dixon, M. Greengrass, www.leedstrinity.ac.uk/histcourse/reformat/biograph.htm]

German anti-Lutheran polemicist; Luther's first (antagonistic) biographer.

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 1440; 1576, p. 1228; 1583, p. 1258.

(1486 - 1543) [C.Scott Dixon, M.Greengrass www.leedstrinity.ac.uk/histcourse/reformat/biograph.htm]

German theologian; MA Tuebingen 1501; DTh Freiburg 1510. Professor of theology at Ingolstadt; opponent of Luther.

Martin Luther suspected Johann Eck of writing Pope Leo X's bull condemning him. 1570, p. 1469, 1576, p. 1247, 1583, p. 1284.

(c. 1460 - 1527) [James D. Tracy, 'Erasmus Becomes a German', Renaissance Quarterly, vol. 21, no. 3. (Autumn, 1968), pp. 281-288]

Printer and publisher in Basel; friend of Erasmus; employed Hans Holbein the Younger as illuminator

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 108; 1576, p. 76; 1583, p. 76.

(1482 - 1531) [C. Scott Dixon and M. Greengrass, www.leedstrinity.ac.uk/histcourse/reformat/biograph.htm]

German protestant theologian; studied law at Bologna, theology at Heidelberg, Tuebingen and Basel; DTh 1518; preacher at Augsburg; protestant reformer at Basel

Oecolampadius was named with Luther as one of the chief heretical writers at the trial of Richard Bayfield, who was charged with selling their books. 1563, p. 484; 1570, p. 1161; 1576, p. 993; 1583, p. 1021.

(1499 - 1553)

German theologian and Protestant reformer; friend of Luther

Robert Barnes fled England and went to Germany, where he found favour with Luther, Melancthon, Bugenhagen, Justus Jonas, Hegendorph, Æpinus, the duke of Saxony and the king of Denmark. 1563, p. 603; 1570, p. 1366; 1576, p. 1165; 1583, p. 1194.

(d. early C4) Christian priests martyred at Rome.

They are mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 111; 1576, p. 79; 1583, p. 79.

(1477 - 1534)

Bavarian historian and philologist; communicated with Luther and Melancthon

Aventius wrote an account of the synod held in Rome under Gregory VII. 1570, p. 1319; 1576, p. 1128; 1583, p. 1153.

Inquisitor in Provence, noted for his zealous pursuit of the Waldensians (Vaudois) there and in Angrona.

Foxe describes Johannes de Roma as a 'hell-hound' and refers to his activities in all the editions from 1570 (1570, p. 2308-10, 1576, p. 1998-2000, 1583, p. 2108-09). Modern scholarship has largely substantiated the evidence of his dubious methods for eliciting evidence (see G. Audisio, Le barbe et l'inquisiteur (Aix-en-Provence: 1979).

Manlius' book, De dictis Philippi Melancthonis (Locorum Communium Collectanea, a Joh. Manilo, pleraque ex lectionibus Ph. Melancthonis excerpta [Basil: 1563]) made mention of a tailor's servant who threw himself out of a window and died after his conversion to catholicism. 1570, p. 2306, 1576, p. 1996, 1583, p. 2106.

Manlius also refers to a young gentlewoman who died without repentance. 1570, p. 2306, 1576, p. 1997, 1583, p. 2106.

(c. 1425 - 1510)

German humanist historian; DCL 1450; taught at the University of Basel; rector of the University of Tübingen 1477; chancellor of the university; judge of the Swabian League (1502 -13); wrote World Chronicle

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, pp. 64, 78, 83, 96, 143, 174; 1576, pp. 37, 53, 57, 67, 106, 131; 1583, pp. 37, 53, 57, 67, 105, 130.

(1455 - 1522) [Catholic Encyclopedia]

German humanist, Hebraist and lawyer; studied at Freiburg, Paris, Basel, Orléans and Poitiers

Johannes Reuchlin was one of those listed by Foxe as having been falsely accused of heresy 1570, p. 1439; 1576, p. 1227; 1583, p. 1257.

Servant to Stephen Grinleff. Of Ipswich.

John was said by Philip Williams, John Steward and Matthew Butler not to have taken the sacrament. 1576, p. 1981, 1583, p. 2089.

(d. early C4); friend of Cyrus of Alexandria

b. Edessa; ascetic; martyred at Canopus

John left the army to join Cyrus in Arabia. He went with Cyrus to Canopus to encourage Athanasia and her daughters in their faith. Cyrus and John were beheaded for supporting them. 1570, p. 127; 1576, p. 92; 1583, p. 91.

(1167 - 1216) [ODNB]

King of England, lord of Ireland, duke of Normandy and of Aquitaine, count of Anjou (1199 - 1216)

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 10, 1154; 1576, p. 8, 988; 1583, p. 8, 1015.

(d. 1539) [Fines]

Painter; martyr, burnt at St Giles in the Field with Giles Germane and Launcelot

John was tried for heresy along with Giles Germaine, and both were condemned. Launcelot, a member of the king's guard, attended their examination and seemed to favour them. All three were burnt together at St Giles in the Field. 1563, p. 574; 1570, pp. 1456-57; 1576, p. 1242; 1583, p. 1279.

Of Lichfield.

John Adale was examined by Draycot and Bayne and then later dismissed. 1563, p. 1548, 1570, p. 2141, 1576, p. 1861, 1583, p. 1955.

(d. 1546) [Fines]

Tailor of Colchester,Essex; tried with Anne Askew and burnt with her

John Hemmysley, John Lasselles, John Adams and Anne Askew were burnt together at Smithfield. 1563, p. 666; 1570, p. 1421; 1576, p. 1211; 1583, pp. 1240-41.

(d. 1540) [ODNB]

Clergyman; DTh Cambridge (1523); chaplain to John Fisher of Rochester; attainted of misprision of treason in 1534 for supporting Elizabeth Barton

John Addison was associated with Elizabeth Barton (Joan of Kent). He was convicted of misprision of treason, had his goods confiscated and was imprisoned. 1570, p. 1199; 1576, p. 1026; 1583, p. 1055.

Minister. Of Lichfield.

Agnes Penifather was examined by the bishop of Lichfield about what she said to two priests of Lichfield, John Ady and James Foxe, about the martyr Lewes' remains. 1563, p. 1636, 1570, p. 2221, 1576, p. 1917, 1583, p. 2024.

(d. 1555)

Shearman. Of Hadleigh, Suffolk [although not a native]. [See John Craig, Reformation, Politics and Polemics, The Growth of Protestantism in East Anglian Market Towns 1500-1610 (Aldershot, 2001), p. 173.]

After Richard Yeoman was driven away from Hadleigh, Alcock used to read a chapter and say the litany in Hadleigh church. Arrested, he was taken to London and died in Newgate prison. 1563, p. 1067; 1570, p. 1694; 1576, p. 1445; 1583, p. 1520.

John Alcock did not remove his cap during the procession, for which action Newall called for the constable to arrest Alcock. 1563, p. 1563, 1570, p. 2245, 1576, p. 1939, 1583, p. 2046.

Robert Rolfe was an honest constable, and asked Newall why he was so enraged by Alcock. 1563, p. 1563, 1570, p. 2245, 1576, p. 1939, 1583, p. 2046.

Newall insisted that Rolfe place Alcock in the stocks. Rolfe said that he would bail him and not to put him in the stocks. 1563, p. 1563, 1570, p. 2245, 1576, p. 1939, 1583, p. 2046.

Rolfe later met with Alcock and told him that he was sorry for him. 1563, p. 1563, 1570, p. 2245, 1576, p. 1939, 1583, p. 2046.

Rolfe feared that Newall would be cruel to Alcock because of Newall's dislike of Rolfe. 1563, p. 1563, 1570, p. 2245, 1576, p. 1939, 1583, p. 2046.

Rolfe took Alcock to appear before Newall who committed him to prison. 1563, p. 1563, 1570, p. 2245, 1576, p. 1939, 1583, p. 2046.

Alcock was imprisoned in squalid conditions and died there. 1563, p. 1564, 1570, p. 2245, 1576, p. 1939, 1583, p. 2046.

His body was cast out and buried in a dunghill. 1563, p. 1564, 1570, p. 2245, 1576, p. 1939, 1583, p. 2046.

His first epistle. 1563, p. 1664, 1583, p. 2146.His second epistle. 1563, pp. 1664-66, 1583, p. 2147.

[Although he was not burned, note that Foxe none the less refers to him as a 'martyr'.]

[NB: Foxe states that a John Awcocke died in prison on 2 April 1555 and was buried in the fields. 1563, p. 1117; 1570, p. 1731; 1576, p. 1478; 1583, p. 1561].

[Also referred to as John Awcocke]

(1476 - 1534) [ODNB]

BA Cambridge 1494-5; MA 1498; DCnCL by 1508. Commissary to Richard Fitzjames, bishop of Rochester, 1499; proctor for William Warham at the papal curia (1502/3 - 12); commissary-general for Thomas Wolsey, archbishop of York, (1519 - 28).

Archbishop of Dublin (1528 - 34); lord chancellor of Ireland (1528 - 32); murdered

Thomas Wolsey sent John Alen to visit all religious houses in the realm. 1570, p. 1121; 1576, p. 960; 1583, p. 986.

(d.1555)

Protestant.

Died in prison in Reading, at the end of July 1555. 1563, p. 1244, 1570, pp. 1863-64, 1576, p. 1595, 1583, p. 1683.

(c. 1470 - 1544) [ODNB; PRO List of Sheriffs; Brigdon London, pp. 74, 291]

Warden of the Mercers 1509; sheriff of London (1518 - 19); lord mayor of London (1525 - 26, 1535 - 36); on royal council; friend of Thomas Cromwell

Aleyn took part in the procession held because of the French king's illness in November 1535. 1570, p. 1218; 1576, p. 1043; 1583, p. 1070.

John Aleyn was named in a commission from Henry VIII to Edmund Bonner as one who was required to execute the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1375; 1576, p. 1173; 1583, p. 1202.

[Ogier]

John Alles was one of the justices who pronounced the sentence of execution for heresy on Perotine Massey, Katherine Cauches and Guillemine Gilbert. 1563, p. 1543, 1570, p. 2128, 1576, p. 1850 [recte 1838], 1583, p. 1944.

Foxe refers to Jean André as a bookbinder by appointment to the French king Henri II and a spy for the président at the parlement of Paris, Pierre Lizet. In reality, he was a noted libraire in Paris. Foxe's main reference to him concerned his insanity, shortly before his death, an illness which is not confirmed in other sources (1570, p. 2309, 1576, p. 1999, 1583, p. 2108).

Canon of St Andrews

John Annand was one of those who, with Bishop Beaton, persecuted Patrick Hamilton. 1570, p. 1108; 1576, p. 947; 1583, p. 974.

John ap Howell was a third claimant to the disputed vicarage of Penbryn, Cardiganshire. (1563, pp. 1089 and 1095; 1583, pp. 1547 and 1551).

[Referred to by Foxe as 'John Ap Powell']

Former serving man. Of Greenwich.

Hugh Aparry gave meat and drink to Apowel until he could find a position in service. 1570, p. 2302, 1576, p. 1993, 1583, pp. 2102-03.

William Maldon found a primer to read in English. John Apowel mocked Maldon for reading the primer but then suddenly became afraid and asked for God's mercy. Apowel continually cried out that he saw the devil for around six days and so was sent to Bedlam. 1570, p. 2302, 1576, p. 1993, 1583, pp. 2102-03.

(1506? - 1556)

Weaver. Of Cranbrook, Kent.

John Archer was imprisoned by Sir John Gilford. 1563, p. 1547, 1570, p. 2140, 1576, p. 1861, 1583, p. 1954.

A letter was written by Archer's fellow prisoners stating that he was in danger of starving to death. 1563, pp. 1547-48, 1570, p. 2140, 1576, p. 1861, 1583, p. 1954.

He was condemned a prisoner for his beliefs and died of hunger in prison at Canterbury in November 1556. 1563, p. 1547, 1570, p. 2140, 1576, p. 1860, 1583, p. 1954.

(1525? - 1555)

Husbandman and martyr. Fellow prisoner of Robert Smith.

Accused of heresy and, together with John Simson, Ardeley was brought to London to be tried by Bishop Bonner. 1563, p. 1169; 1570, p. 1754; 1576, p. 1498; 1583, p. 1582.

Articles objected against John Ardeley on 22 May 1555 and his answers to them are recorded. 1563, pp. 1169 and 1170-71; 1570, pp. 1754-55; 1576, pp. 1498-99; 1583, pp. 1582-83.

Ardeley was urged by Bonner to recant, defiantly refused and was condemned on 25 May. 1563, p. 1171; 1570, pp. 1754 and 1755; 1576, p. 1499; 1583, pp. 1582 and 1583.

Ardeley protested that he would give up all that he owned to live in peace under Mary without having to commit idolatry. 1563, p. 1733; 1570, p. 1756; 1576, p. 1500; 1583, p. 1583.

Ardeley was executed in Rayleigh, Essex, around 10 June 1555 (1563, p. 1172; 1570, p. 1756; 1576, p. 1500; 1583, p. 1583).

Ardeley sent Anne Smith money. 1563, pp. 1266-67, 1570, p. 1876, 1576, p. 1607, 1583, p. 1701.

Foxe refers to John Ardley's examination. 1563, p. 1733, 1583, p. 2131.

Parson of Aldham, Suffolk

John Arthur, alias Thacker, inducted to Aldham c. 1539 [R. Freeman Bullen, 'Catalogue of Beneficed Clergy in Suffolk, 1551-1631', Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and Natural History 22 (1936), p. 295.]

He was brought into Hadleigh after Mary's accession to celebrate mass. Rowland Taylor disrupted the service, an action which led to his arrest. 1563, pp. 1066-67; 1570, pp. 1693-94; 1576, p. 1446; 1583, p. 1519.

[This may be the Franciscan John Arture who was warden of Canterbury Convent in 1533. Arture was denounced to Thomas Cromwell for preaching a sermon at Herne, Kent, critical of the Vicegerent's policies. Arture fled to Dieppe but was reinstated as warden, only to be deposed by John Cardmaker in 1537. He was dispensed to hold a benefice and change habit on 1 February 1539 (Emden, 1501-1540)].

[Foxe calls him 'Averth'.]

(d. 1557)

Martyr. Of unknown occupation. Of Cattesfield, Sussex.

John Ashdon was accused and examined by Christopherson, Richard Briesly, Robert Tailor, Thomas Paccard, Anthony Clarke, and Alban Langdale. He was condemned and martyred at Chichester in 1557. 1563, p. 1634, 1570, p. 2220, 1576, p. 1815, 1583, p. 2023.

[Possibly related to Mrs. Ashdon.]

Bitmaker of Stroud, near Highbury, Middlesex; imprisoned in Westminster gatehouse [Fines]

John Athee was indicted for speaking against the sacrament of the altar. 1563, p. 627; 1570, p. 1410; 1576, p. 1202; 1583, p. 1231.

(d. 1558/59)

Magistrate. Of Norwich. [See Muriel McClendon, The Quiet Reformation (Stamford, California, 1999), pp. 195-96.]

John Atkins persecuted William Hammon and his wife for their refusal to accept catholic ceremonies. 1563, p. 1677.

Churchwarden of Adisham. [Duffy, Stripping of the Altars, pp. 528, 161]

Austen treated John Bland badly on Sunday 3 September 1555 (he held him in the vestry during the mass). 1563, pp. 1218-19, 1570, pp. 1843-44, 1576, pp. 1577-78, 1583, pp. 1665-66.

Bland went to see Master Isaac, the justice, about Austen's behaviour, and Isaac directed a warrant to the constable. 1563, p. 1218, 1570, p. 1843, 1576, p. 1578, 1583, p. 1665.

John (and his brother Thomas) Austen accused Bland before Nicholas Heath. 1563, p. 1223, 1570, p. 1847, 1576, p. 1580, 1583, p. 1668.

Described by Foxe as one of Queen Mary's servants. Probably a constable. Of Southwark.

John Lithal was brought for examination by John Avales. 1570, p. 2266, 1576, p. 1957, 1583, p. 2063.

Dabney was brought for examination before Bonner by John Avales. 1563, p. 1696, 1570, p. 2275, 1576, p. 1964, 1583, p. 2071.

Unable to find Dabney, Avales demanded 15 crowns from his wife and eventually left them alone. 1563, p. 1697, 1570, p. 2276, 1576, p. 1965, 1583, p. 2072.

Avales searched for a congregation in London and came close to spotting them. 1570, p. 2278, 1576, p. 1967, 1583, p. 2074.

He talked with two men in Pudding Lane but was unable to locate the underground congregation in the area. 1570, p. 2278, 1576, p. 1967, 1583, p. 2074.

Richard Waterson was apprehended by Roin Caly, John Hill and John Avales and sent before Bonner. 1563, p. 1730 [incorrectly numbered 1703], 1583, p. 2144.

Of Lichfield.

John Avines was examined by Draycot and Bayne and later dismissed. 1563, p. 1548, 1570, p. 2141, 1576, p. 1861, 1583, p. 1955.

(d. 1594)

Archdeacon of Stow, later archdeacon of Lincoln and bishop of London (1577 - 1594) (DNB).

Aylmer is commended as Lady Jane Grey's tutor and a learned man in 1563, p. 901; 1570, p. 1567; 1576, p 1336; and 1583, p. 1406.

Aylmer was one of six clerics - the others were Walter Phillips, James Haddon, John Philpot, Richard Cheyney and Thomas Young - who argued against the Real Presence in the 1553 convocation (1563, pp. 906-7, 912 and 914; 1570, pp. 1571-72 and 1575-76 [recte 1577]; 1576, pp 1340-41 and 1344-45; 1583, pp. 1410-11 and 1414 and 1416; also see Rerum, pp. 215, 217, 224-25 and 228. Cf. John Philpot, The trew report of the dysputacyon had and begonne in the convocacyon hous at London the xviii daye of Octobre MDLIII. [Emden, 1554]. (STC 19890 sigs A3r - A4r, B1r-v, C8r-v, D1r and D7v))

John Aylmer was a participant in the Westminster disputation of 1559. 1563, p. 1717, 1583, p. 2119.

[Also referred to as 'Aelmer', 'Ælmar', 'Elmar', 'Elmer']

John Babington was a witness against Richard Gibson. 1563, p. 1642.

(d. 1410) [ODNB]

Lollard heretic; craftsman of the diocese of Worcester; denied transubstantiation; burnt at Smithfield; 1st layman to be executed as a result of anti-Lollard legislation [Sawtre was burnt before the legislation]

John Badby was one of those Sir Thomas More in his The Supplication of Purgatory said were railed against by the souls in purgatory. 1570, p. 1156; 1576, p. 990; 1583, p. 1017.

(d. 1558)

An Englishman working in Cadiz, Spain. Martyr.

John Baker was apprehended in Seville and burned on 2 November 1558. 1570, p. 2259, 1576, p. 1951, 1583, p. 2058.

Notary

John Baker the notary took part in the examination of John Lomas, Agnes Snotten, Anne Albright, Joan Sole, and Joan Catmer. 1563, p. 1470, 1570, p. 2032, 1576, p. 1751, 1583, p. 1859.

Half-brother of Matthew Parker, archbishop of Canterbury. Matthew Parker's mother married John Baker of Norfolk shortly after being widowed c.1516. [ODNB sub Matthew Parker]

John Baker was present at the examination of Thomas Bilney before his burning and testified that he refused to recant. 1570, p. 1150; 1576, p. 984; 1583, p. 1011.

(1489 - 1563) [DNB]

Foxe states that 'maister Bale, in a certayne treatise hath sufficiently paynted out' Bishop Bonner's visitation articles (1570, p. 1645; 1576, p 1403; 1583, p. 1474).

The reference is to John Bale, A declaration of Edmonde Bonners articles ..... 1554 (London, 1561), STC 1289.

(1495 - 1563) [ODNB]

Bishop of Ossory, Ireland (1552 - 53); evangelical polemicist, historian, playwright

BTh Cambridge 1529; DTh c. 1531; Carmelite prior of Maldon (1530 - 33), prior of Ipswich (1533 - 34), prior of Doncaster (1534 - 36); priest at Thorndon, Suffolk 1536, married; in exile (1540 - 48, 1553 - 59)

In a letter to Matthew Parker, John Bale included the letter purported to be from Ulrich of Augsburg to Nicholas I. 1570, p. 1319; 1576, p. 1129; 1583, p. 1154.

Bale was one of the authors whose books were banned by the proclamation of 1546. 1563, p. 676; 1570, p. 1427; 1576, p. 1216; 1583, p. 1246.

In a letter to Edward Seymour, Lord Protector, Stephen Gardiner complained of John Bale's books. He said that John Bale regarded Anne Askew as a saint. Bale had written a prayer for John, duke of Saxony. 1563, p. 733; 1583, pp. 1342-43.

of Otham, Kent; witness against two Kent martyrs; held Lollard meetings in his house in 1509; given penance [R. G. A. Lutton in Lollardy and the Gentry in the Later Middle Ages, M. Aston and C. Richmond (eds.) (New York, 1997)]

John Bampton was a witness against John Browne and Edward Walker. 1570, p. 1455; 1576, p. 1240; 1583, p. 1276.

Of unknown occupation and origin.

At the stake Alice Benden gave her handkerchief to John Banks, asking him to remember her by it. 1570, p. 2168, 1576, p. 1873, 1583, p. 1981.

of Boxley, Kent

John Bannes abjured in Kent in 1511. 1570, p. 1455; 1576, p. 1241; 1583, p. 1278.

Civilian. Official principal of the archdiocese under Cranmer. [Diarmaid MacCulloch, Thomas Cranmer: A Life (Yale, 1996), p. 318]

A conspiracy against Cranmer was discovered through some letters found, including one by the suffragen of Dover and one by Barber, a civilian, maintained in Cranmer's household as a counsellor in matters of law. 1570, p. 2042, 1576, p. 1761, 1583, p. 1868.

Cranmer spoke with Dover and Barber. Barber said that hanging was too good for villains. They asked for Cranmer's forgiveness. 1570, pp. 2042-43, 1576, p. 1760, 1583, p. 1868.

Of unknown occupation. Of Great Bentley, Essex.

John Barker was one of the cosignatories of a supplication against William Mount, his wife and their daughter, Rose, to Lord Darcy of Chiche, who then delivered the supplication to John Kingston. 1563, p. 1604, 1570, p. 2198, 1576, p. 1897, 1583, p. 2005.

Information against Ralph Allerton was provided by Thomas Tye, John Painter, William Harris, John Barker, John Carter, Thomas Candler, Jeffrey Bestwood, John Richard, and Richard Mere, all of Much Bentley. 1563, p. 1626, 1570, p. 2212, 1576, p. 1908, 1583, p. 2016.

Esquire present at the burning of Thomas Benet in 1532

Thomas Carew and John Barnehouse tried, both gently and roughly, to get Thomas Benet to recant at the stake. Barnehouse set fire to a furze bush on a pike and thrust it into Benet's face. 1570, p. 1183; 1576, p. 1012; 1583, p. 1040.

Mercer

Stephen Gardiner accused him of vandalising the statue of Becket which stood over the Mercers' chapel in Cheapside. 1563, p. 1081; 1570, pp. 1705-06; 1576, p. 1456; 1583, p. 1529.

(d. 1563) (Venn)

Former Carmelite friar. Divinity lecturer at Norwich Cathedral. Became evangelical and a close friend of John Bale. [see Leslie Fairfield, John Bale (West Lafayette, Indiana, 1976), pp. 39-40]. Conformed to catholicism under Mary. Rector of the parish of St Michael-at-Plea, Norwich (1550 - 1563). Prebend of Norwich Cathedral (1558 - 1563) [see Muriel McClendon, The Quiet Reformation (Stamford, California, 1999), pp. 68, 70-76, 131, 142, 163-64, 182, 204.]

When Thomas Cranmer was public examiner in Cambridge, one of his students was Barret, a white friar. 1563, p. 1471, 1570, p. 2035, 1576, p. 1753, 1583, p. 1860.

Robert Watson was imprisoned in Norwich for two years until he subscribed, possibly under the persuasion of Dr Barret, dean of Norwich. 1563, p. 1679.

Thomas Rose's second examination was before Hopton, W.Woodhouse, Dr Barret and others. 1570, p. 1978, 1576, pp. 1978-79, 1583, p. 2084.

(d. 1563) (Venn)

Former Carmelite friar. Divinity lecturer at Norwich Cathedral. Became evangelical and a close friend of John Bale. [see Leslie Fairfield, John Bale (West Lafayette, Indiana, 1976), pp. 39-40]. Conformed to catholicism under Mary. Rector of the parish of St Michael-at-Plea, Norwich (1550 - 1563). Prebend of Norwich Cathedral (1558 - 1563) [see Muriel McClendon, The Quiet Reformation (Stamford, California, 1999), pp. 68, 70-76, 131, 142, 163-64, 182, 204.]

When Thomas Cranmer was public examiner in Cambridge, one of his students was Barret, a white friar. 1563, p. 1471, 1570, p. 2035, 1576, p. 1753, 1583, p. 1860.

Robert Watson was imprisoned in Norwich for two years until he subscribed, possibly under the persuasion of Dr Barret, dean of Norwich. 1563, p. 1679.

Thomas Rose's second examination was before Hopton, W.Woodhouse, Dr Barret and others. 1570, p. 1978, 1576, pp. 1978-79, 1583, p. 2084.

One of the priests associated with the Western Rising in 1549

John Barrow was one of the priests said to have been the chief inspirers of the rebellion and who were later executed. 1570, p. 1496; 1576, p. 1268; 1583, p. 1305.

He was captured and executed with other rebel leaders in 1549. 1570, p. 1499; 1576, p. 1271; 1583, p. 1308.

(fl. 1550 - 1559)

Servant to Master Laurence of Barnhall, Essex. Of London. A leading freewiller.

Barry was probably a participant of the illegal conventicle at Bocking in 1550. (See T S Freeman, 'Dissenters from a dissenting church: the challenge of the freewillers, 1550-1558' in The Beginnings of English Protestantism, ed. P. Marshall and A. Ryrie (Cambridge, 2002), p. 130, n. 5.) He was one of 13 freewillers to whom Bradford wrote a letter 14 February 1555 (BL, Add. Ms. 19400, fo. 33r). Along with John Lawrence he argued vigorously with Augustine Bernher, defending free will and denouncing predestination. (T S Freeman, 'Dissenters from a dissenting church: the challenge of the freewillers, 1550-1558' in The Beginnings of English Protestantism, ed. P. Marshall and A. Ryrie (Cambridge, 2002), pp. 143, 144). In the autumn of 1555 Barry debated with Christopher Vitels, later the leader of the freewillers of London (ibid., pp. 147, 148).

He was listed in Stephen Morris's confession as a protestant in London who resided with his master at an alehouse in Cornhill. 1563, p. 1652, 1570, p. 2230, 1576, p. 1926, 1583, p. 2033.

(fl. 1543 - 1565)

B.A. (1548/49). Clerk of Magdalen College, 1543 - 1553, chaplain (1553 - 1554). MA (1556), fellow of Trinity College, Oxford (1556 - 1565). Dean of Trinity (1556) (Foster). Apparently resigned his Trinity fellowship in 1565. (See J R Bloxam, A Register of.. Magdalen College, 7 vols [Oxford, 1853-81], II, p. 38.)

Not long before Julins Palmer's death, Barwick, an old acquaintance of his, tried to reason with him and warned him of the fire. 1570, p. 2119, 1576, p. 1842, 1583, p. 1936.

Julins Palmer disputed with Barwick, MA, of Magdalen College, Oxford, who believed Palmer's doctrine would change if threatened with burning. 1583, p. 2141.

(fl. 1543 - 1565)

B.A. (1548/49). Clerk of Magdalen College, 1543 - 1553, chaplain (1553 - 1554). MA (1556), fellow of Trinity College, Oxford (1556 - 1565). Dean of Trinity (1556) (Foster). Apparently resigned his Trinity fellowship in 1565. (See J R Bloxam, A Register of.. Magdalen College, 7 vols [Oxford, 1853-81], II, p. 38.)

Not long before Julins Palmer's death, Barwick, an old acquaintance of his, tried to reason with him and warned him of the fire. 1570, p. 2119, 1576, p. 1842, 1583, p. 1936.

Julins Palmer disputed with Barwick, MA, of Magdalen College, Oxford, who believed Palmer's doctrine would change if threatened with burning. 1583, p. 2141.

(d. 1558)

Barber. Town crier of Ipswich. Persecutor of protestants. Would have liked to have been a priest under Mary but was married.

John Bate was sent with George Manning to seek out Agnes Wardall in the fields near her home. Wardall had escaped into the fields and hidden in a ditch. George Manning discovered where she was and gave her a warning to be still so that his co-searcher, John Bate, did not find her. She remained still and escaped thanks to Manning. 1570, pp. 2124-25, 1576, pp. 1846-47, 1583, pp. 1940-41.

Bate sold his frieze gown that he wore at the execution of Alice Driver and Alexander Gouch, stating that it stank of heretics. God struck him dead three or four weeks later. 1563, p. 1670, 1570, p. 2248, 1576, p. 1942, 1583, p. 2049.

(d. 1558)

Barber. Town crier of Ipswich. Persecutor of protestants. Would have liked to have been a priest under Mary but was married.

John Bate was sent with George Manning to seek out Agnes Wardall in the fields near her home. Wardall had escaped into the fields and hidden in a ditch. George Manning discovered where she was and gave her a warning to be still so that his co-searcher, John Bate, did not find her. She remained still and escaped thanks to Manning. 1570, pp. 2124-25, 1576, pp. 1846-47, 1583, pp. 1940-41.

Bate sold his frieze gown that he wore at the execution of Alice Driver and Alexander Gouch, stating that it stank of heretics. God struck him dead three or four weeks later. 1563, p. 1670, 1570, p. 2248, 1576, p. 1942, 1583, p. 2049.

(d. 1528?) [Emden]

BA Cambridge; one of those called into Cardinal's College, Oxford 1525-26; charged with possession of heretical books in connection with the reforming activities of Thomas Garrett

John Bayly was one of the scholars Wolsey gathered for Cardinal College. He died in prison there after a diet solely of salt fish. 1563, p. 497; 1570, p. 1174; 1576, p. 1004; 1583, p. 1032.

Apprentice to Richard Tottle, London printer.

Thomas Green told Hussey that John Bean, an apprentice to Tottle, had received a copy of a book called 'Antichrist' from him. 1563, p. 1688, 1570, p. 2263, 1576, p. 1954, 1583, p. 2051.

Councillor under Henry VIII

Bell was one of the witnesses of Henry VIII's bill banning heretical books. 1563, pp. 1342-43.

(d. 1556) [ODNB]

Dean of the court of arches c. 1517; archdeacon of Gloucester (1518 - 39); vicar-general and chancellor of Worcester (1518 - 39); bishop of Worcester (1539 - 43)

John Bell was one of the subscribers to the Bishops' Book. 1570, p. 1211; 1576, p. 1037; 1583, p. 1064.

of St Thomas the Apostle; presented in 1541 with 12 others for showing little reverence at mass

John Benglosse was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1378; 1576, p. 1175; 1583, p. 1204.

Benguy was one of the witnesses against Robert Ferrar. 1563, p. 1093; 1583, p. 1550.

of Staplehurst, Kent

John Bennet abjured in Kent in 1511. 1570, p. 1455; 1576, p. 1241; 1583, p. 1278.

(d. 1532) [Fines]

of Urchfont, Wiltshire; tailor; martyr burnt at Devizes

John Bent was burnt for denying transubstantiation. 1570, p. 1172; 1576, p. 1102; 1583, p. 1030.

On 3 May 1555 the privy council ordered that Bernard and John Walsh be apprehended for carrying the bones of the martyr William Pygot around Suffolk and displaying them. 1583, p. 1577.

(d. 1570)

Bishop of Carlisle (1561). (DNB)

Foxe refers to his installation at Elizabeth's accession. 1583, p. 2128.

(d. 1539) [T. S. Freeman, "The Reik of Maister Patrick Hammyltoun": John Foxe, John Winram and the Martyrs of the Scottish Reformation', Sixteenth Century Journal, vol. 27, no. 1 (Spring 1996) p. 47]

Scottish friar; martyr, burnt at Edinburgh for heresy

A summons was directed from David Beaton and George Crichton upon Thomas Forret, John Beveridge, John Kelowe, Duncan Sympson and Robert Foster, along with three or four others from Stirling. They were condemned for heresy without any opportunity to recant and burnt together on the castle hill in Edinburgh. 1570, p. 1442; 1576, p. 1230; 1583, p. 1266.

(d. 1558)

Bishop of Chester (1542 - 1554) [DNB]

Bird was discharged from parliament and convocation on 5 October 1553 1570, p. 1636; 1576, p. 1396; 1583, p. 1466. Foxe refers to 'Chester' as 'Westchester'.

He was present at a sharp exchange between Bishop Bonner and Thomas Hawkes. Bird was supposed to converse with Hawkes that evening but he fell asleep during the conversation. 1563, pp. 1152-53; 1570, pp. 1761-62; 1576, pp. 1504-05; 1583, p. 1588

[An account of a disastrous sermon Bird preached, in his capacity as vicar of Dunmow, Essex (a living he retained after he was deprived of his bishopric) is in Foxe's papers (BL, Harley MS 421, fo. 1r-v). Foxe never printed the sermon but it was printed by Strype (EM III, 1, pp. 218-20).]

(d. 1558) [ODNB]

DTh Oxford 1514; provincial of the Carmelites in Bishop's Lynn 1516

Bishop of Penreth (1537 - 39); bishop of Bangor (1539 - 41); bishop of Chester (1541 - 54)

John Bird was one of the persecutors of Thomas Bilney and Thomas Arthur. 1563, p. 482; 1570, pp. 1134, 1146; 1576, pp. 971, 981; 1583, pp. 998, 1008.

Wealthy grocer who was Thomas Cranmer's business agent in London

When Ralph Morice, Archbishop Cranmer's secretary, was attempting to retrieve his book from the bearward who had retained it, he approached John Blagg for help. Blagg invited the bearward to dinner and tried to persuade him to part with it. 1570, p. 1356; 1576, p. 1157; 1583, p. 1186.

(d. 1555)

Born in Sedbergh, Yorkshire. Preacher and martyr of Adisham in Kent. [ODNB]

Foxe gives an account of Bland's character and early life as schoolmaster. 1563, p. 1218, 1570, p. 1843, 1576, p. 1577, 1583, p. 1665.

Bland was schoolmaster to Edwin Sandys, bishop of Worcester. 1563, p. 1218, 1570, p. 1843, 1576, p. 1577, 1583, p. 1665.

Bland sent a letter to his father. 1563, pp. 1218-19, 1570, pp. 1843-44, 1576, pp. 1577-78, 1583, pp. 1665-66.

He had a confrontation with John Austen on Sunday 3 September (1555) and conversations were held between Bland, Austen and Bland's unnamed clerk.1563, pp. 1218-19, 1570, pp. 1843-44, 1576, pp. 1577-78, 1583, pp. 1665-66.

Bland went to see Master Isaac, the justice, about John Austen's behaviour, who then directed a warrant to the constable. 1563, p. 1218, 1570, p. 1843, 1576, p. 1578, 1583, p. 1665.

On Sunday 26 November 1555 Richard Austen accused Bland of being against the queen's proceedings; Thomas called Bland a heretic. 1563, p. 1218,1570, p. 1843, 1576, p. 1578, 1583, p. 1665.

Bland's clerk did not ring the bell for a Sunday service because Master Mylles' servant had informed him that his master had letters from Gardiner that he must go to London. Bland preached in Mylles' place. 1563, p. 1219, 1570, p. 1843, 1576, p. 1578, 1583, p. 1666.

Richard Austen claimed to have been involved in rumours about Bland. 1563, p. 1219, 1570, p. 1843, 1576, p. 1578, 1583, p. 1666.

Two bills of complaint were made against Bland. Bland sent his testimony to the council via Master Wiseman. 1563, p. 1219, 1570, p. 1844, 1576, p. 1578, 1583, p. 1666.

Bland had an altercation with John Austen on Sunday 3 December [1555] when Thomas Austen accused him of heresy. 1563, p. 1219, 1570, p. 1844, 1576, p. 1578, 1583, p. 1666.

On 28 December a preacher from Stodmarsh came to Adisham [Bland's parish] to say mass.1563, p. 1219, 1570, p. 1844, 1576, p. 1578, 1583, p. 1666.

Bland spoke against the mass and was attacked by the church warden and the warden's son-in-law. Richard Austen had them put Bland in a side chapel until the mass was over. 1563, p. 1220, 1570, p. 1845, 1576, p. 1579, 1583, p. 1666.

Ramsy and Bland were transported to Canterbury to speak with Masters Hardes, Drenden, Spilman, and Tutsam. 1563, p. 1220, 1570, p. 1845, 1576, p. 1579, 1583, p. 1666.

Bland was bound over for the sum of £20 by James Chapman and Bartholomew Joyes to appear at the next general sessions. 1563, p. 1220, 1570, p. 1845, 1576, p. 1579, 1583, p. 1666.

On 23-24 February Sir Thomas Finch, knight, and Justice Hardes sent for Bland and his sureties to Finch's place. Bland was then transferred to the castle of Canterbury at the commandment of Thomas Moyles, where he was imprisoned for ten weeks. He was then bailed to appear at the next Canterbury sessions (but the session was subsequently changed to Ashford) on Thursday 19 May. In the meantime the case was discussed in the consistory court. 1563, p. 1220, 1570, p. 1845, 1576, p. 1579, 1583, p. 1667.

On 28 May Nicholas Harpsfield had the mayor's sergeant bring Bland before him and Robert Collins, in Thornden's house. Talk took place between Harspfield, Collins and Bland. 1563, pp. 1220-21, 1570, pp. 1845-46, 1576, pp. 1579-80, 1583, p. 1667.

On 27 May Bland was due to appear before the consistory court, but was not released. He was therefore bound to appear at the Cranbrook sessions on 3 July. 1563, p. 1221, 1570, p. 1846, 1576, p. 1580, 1583, p. 1667.

On 21 May Bland appeared in the chapter house before Nicholas Harspfield. 1563, pp. 1221-23, 1570, pp. 1846-47, 1576, p. 1580, 1583, p. 1667.

Bland defended himself against accusations of breaking the law by disputing publicly with a minister. 1563, p. 1222, 1570, 1846, 1576, p. 1580, 1583, p. 1667.

Bland asked that Richard Thornden, bishop of Dover, and Robert Collins, commissary, be present at the disputation over the sacrament between Nicholas Harspfield and Bland. 1563, p. 1222, 1570, p. 1846, 1576, p. 1580, 1583, p. 1668.

Cyriac Pettit was present during the disputation between Bland and Nicholas Harpsfield on 21 May 1555. 1563, p. 1222, 1570, p. 1846, 1576, p. 1580, 1583, p. 1668.

John and Thomas Austen accused Bland before Nicholas Heath. 1563, p. 1223, 1570, p. 1847, 1576, p. 1580, 1583, p. 1668.

Robert Collins demanded Bland return the following day but Bland did not appear due to urgent business. Bland wrote a letter about this. 1563, p. 1223, 1570, p. 1847, 1576, p. 1580, 1583, p. 1668.

Around 28 June Bland returned to Collins, where he proceded against Bland before Master Cockes of Sturray and Markes the apparitor. 1563, p. 1223, 1570, p. 1847, 1576, p. 1581, 1583, p. 1668.

Bland next appeared at Cranbrook sessions (3 July). 1563, p. 1223, 1570, p. 1847, 1576, p. 1581, 1583, p. 1668.

Sir John Baker believed Bland to be Scottish, but Bland told him he was English, from Sedbar and brought up by Dr Lupton, the provost of Eton.1563, p. 1223, 1570, p. 1847, 1576, p. 1581, 1583, p. 1668.

Bland remained in the jail at Maidstone for around two weeks and then was moved to Rochester. 1563, p. 1223, 1570, p. 1847, 1576, p. 1581, 1583, p. 1668.

Master Barron, the clerk at Rochester, said that Bland was an 'excommunicat person'. 1563, p. 1223, 1570, p. 1847, 1576, p. 1581, 1583, p. 1668.

After Master Roper of Lynsted talked with the judges, it was decided that Bland should be returned to Maidstone until the Grenwich sessions of 18-19 February. 1563, p. 1223, 1570, p. 1847, 1576, p. 1581, 1583, p. 1668.

Bland was taken before Sir John Baker, Master Petit, Master Webbe, and two others whose identity was unknown to Bland. 1563, p. 1223, 1570, p. 1847, 1576, p. 1581, 1583, p. 1668.

Sir John Baker and Bland held a conversation about Bland's beliefs 1563, pp. 1223-24, 1570, pp. 1847-48, 1576, p. 1581, 1583, pp. 1668-69.

Master Webbe spoke gently to Bland to urge him to watch what he said. 1563, p. 1224, 1570, p. 1848, 1576, p. 1581, 1583, p. 1669.

Bland remained in the castle of Canterbury until 2 March, when he taken to the chapter house of Christ Church (Canterbury), to the suffragen of Canterbury, Master Collins, Master Mylis (Myles) and others, then to Master Oxenden, Master Petit, Master Webbe and Master Hardes (these are all justices). 1563, p. 1224, 1570, p. 1848, 1576, p. 1581, 1583, p. 1669.

Bland and his fellow prisoners were sent to Westgate Prison. 1563, p. 1224, 1570, p. 1848, 1576, p. 1581, 1583, p. 1669.

Bland was again questioned on 9 March 1555 in the chapter house at Christ Church (Canterbury), where the mayor was called to be an assistance. 1563, p. 1224, 1570, p. 1848, 1576, p. 1581, 1583, p. 1669.

Bland and Collins argued over abiding by the laws of the realm and of the sacrament. 1563, pp. 1224-25, 1570, p. 1849, 1576, pp. 1582-83, 1583, pp. 1669-70.

Bland was once tutor to Dr Faucet. 1563, p. 1227, 1570, p. 1850, 1576, p. 1583, 1583, p. 1670.

Thornden stated that Bland had preached many heresies. Faucet was present during this discussion. 1563, p. 1225, 1570, p. 1849, 1576, p. 1582, 1583, p. 1670.

Master Cockes, a lawyer, was called to make Bland give answer on his beliefs in accordance with the law. 1563, p. 1225, 1570, p. 1849, 1576, p. 1582, 1583, p. 1670.

Bland denied transubstantiation and Master Glasier claimed that Bland held the same opinion as the Capernites. 1563, p. 1225, 1570, p. 1849, 1576, p. 1583, 1583, p. 1670.

Faucet stated that he was brought up in the same house and born in the same parish as Bland, and then warned him not to take a stand against the church. Bland dismissed him. 1563, pp. ,1226-6, 1570, p. 1849, 1576,p. 1583, 1583, p. 1670.

Thornden asked Bland if he knew of Oecolompadius and Zwingli, to which Bland responded that he had seen 'parte of their doinges'. 1563, p. 1226, 1570, p. 1850, 1576, p. 1583, 1583, p. 1671.

Bland was dismissed until 9 o'clock the following Monday but was offered the opportunity to converse with Faucet or Glasier if he so desired. 1563, p. 1226, 1570, p. 1850, 1576, p. 1583, 1583, p. 1671.

Bland was imprisoned with Nicholas Sheterden and Humphrey Middleton. 1570, p. 1850, 1576, p. 1583, 1583, p. 1671.

When Bland claimed that he had been unjustly imprisoned, Oxenden claimed that Bland was put in prison for a seditious sermon and for troubling a priest at mass. 1563, pp. 1226-7, 1570, p. 1850, 1576, p. 1584, 1583, p. 1671.

Bland claimed that after his first ten weeks in prison, he was then unjustly imprisoned under the accusation of disobeying his bishop. 1563, p. 1227, 1570, p. 1850, 1576, p. 1584, 1583, p. 1671.

Bland heard that his fellow prisoner, Miller, a clothier, was excommunicated and then set free. 1563, p. 1227, 1570, p. 1850, 1576, p. 1584, 1583, p. 1671.

Master Mylles, priest of Canterbury, confronted Bland over eucharistic doctrine. 1563, pp. 1227-28, 1570, pp. 1850-51, 1576, p. 1585, 1583, pp. 1671-72.

Bland talked with Mylles of Canterbury about transubstatiation. 1570, pp. 1850-51, 1576, pp. 1583-84, 1583, pp. 1671-72.

On 13 June (1555) Bland was brought before Richard Thornden, Robert Collins and Nicholas Harpsfield. 1563, p. 1229, 1570, pp. 1851-52, 1576, pp. 1585-86, 1583, p. 1672.

On 20 June, Bland was reexamined, his articles read by the Richard Thornden. Bland's answers were made and condemnation given. 1563, pp. 1229-30, 1570, p. 1852, 1576, p. 1582, 1583, pp. 1672-73.

Bland was condemned with Sheterden and Middleton on 25 June 1555. 1570, p. 1856, 1576, p. 1588, 1583, pp. 1675-76.

On 12 July 1555 Bland was burned with John Frankesh, Nicholas Sheterden and Humphrey Middleton at Canterbury. 1563, p. 1217, 1570, p. 1843, 1576, p. 1577, 1583, p. 1665.

Bland said a prayer before his death. 1563, p. 1230, 1570, p. 1852, 1576, p. 1585, 1583, p. 1673.

Husbandman. Of Cornfield, Suffolk.

John Blomfield was forced to flee Cornfield for not attending mass. 1563, p. 1677.

[Possibly related to Robert Blomfield.]

(d. 1485?)

Of Coventry.

John Blumston was accused of and tried for heresy. 1563, p. 1734.

Silkweaver of Reading, Berkshire.

Bolton was apprehended in the investigation following the placing of a libel against the mass on the church door at Reading during Lent 1554. Bolton was suspected of being the libeller (although John Moyer was actually the culprit). When questioned Bolton declared that the mass was against the word of God and he was imprisoned. Stephen Gardiner came through Reading and interviewed Bolton, who reproved Gardiner. The Bishop ordered that Bolton be kept in prison on bread and water. Bolton was placed in a pair of stocks in a dungeon. The gaoler tormented him, particularly by intercepting food sent to Bolton by friends and eating it himself or throwing it to the dogs. Bolton was confined in the dungeon for a year and ten weeks, and he went mad. Sir Francis Englefield, and his brother, had Bolton discharged because of his insanity. Foxe states that the story was confirmed by letters to him by witnesses in Reading and by interviewing Bolton himself (1563, pp. 1017-18; never reprinted).

Another native of Reading, Thomas Thackham, wrote to Foxe that Bolton was actually imprisoned for railing against Mary and that he merely feigned madness (BL, Harley MS 428, fol 18v; printed in J. G. Nichols, ed., Narratives of the Days of the Reformation, Camden Society, Original Series 77 (London, 1859), p. 96).

Bolton's release was also controversial. John Moyer, the real author of the libel, wrote to Foxe stating that Thackham had induced Bolton to recant (and implied that this led to Bolton's release) (Strype, EM III, 2, pp. 427-30). Thackham claimed in a letter to Foxe that he provided sureties to secure Bolton's release, which he forfeited when Bolton fled abroad (BL, Harley 425, fols 18v-19r; printed in Nichols, Narratives, p. 97). Also one of Thackham's critics wrote to Foxe agreeing that Bolton had fled but declaring that no sureties were paid or forfeited (BL, Harley MS 425, fols. 33v-34r; printed in Nichols, Narratives, p. 90).

What is certain is that Bolton fled to Geneva (C. H. Garrett, The Marian Exiles: A Study in the Origins of Elizabethan Protantism (Cambridge, 1938), pp. 94-95).

After Mary's death, Bolton returned to London and was a member of the dissenting Plumber's Hall congregation in 1567 (Champlin Burrage, The Early English Dissenters in the Light of Recent Research (2 vols, Cambridge, 1912), I, p. 88).

Bolton apparently recanted and was excommunicated by the Plumber's Hall congregation. He subsequently hanged himself (Patrick Collinson, The Elizabethan Puritan Movement (London, 1967), p. 90).

John Moyer wrote Master Perry a letter which referred to John Bolton, Downer, Gately, Radley (now vicar of St Lawrence), Bowyer (a tanner) and Julins Palmer (who was indicted by Thackham). 1583, p. 2140.

of Calais

After an exhaustive inquisition for heretics, John Boote was one of those brought before the commissioners in Calais in 1540, charged and imprisoned. 1570, p. 1404; 1576, p. 1197; 1583, p. 1227.

Vicar of Britwell, Buckinghamshire [now Berkshire]

Alice Doly was accused by her servant of having caused John Booth to read books against pilgrimages. 1570, p. 1118; 1576, p. 957; 1583, p. 984.

Of Lichfield.

John Borsley the younger was examined and forced by Bayne and Draycot to do penance in the diocese of Coventry and Lichfield in September 1556. 1563, p. 1548, 1570, p. 2141, 1576, p. 1861, 1583, p. 1955.

Bonner's scribe.

John Boswell took part in the examination of several prisoners at Colchester on 23 June 1557. 1563, p. 1607, 1570, p. 2202, 1576, p. 1899, 1583, p. 2007.

He took part in the examination of several prisoners in Colchester on 19 October 1557. 1563, p. 1610, 1570, p. 2202, 1576, p. 1900, 1583, p. 2008.

He wrote to Bonner on 24 October 1557 enclosing the depositions of several prisoners in Colchester. 1563, p. 1610, 1570, p. 2202, 1576, p. 1900, 1583, p. 2008.

The prisoners in Colchester referred to by Boswell in his letter to Bonner were: Elizabeth Wood, Christian Hare, Rose Fletcher, Joan Kent, Agnes Stanley, and Margaret Simson. 1563, p. 1610, 1570, p. 2202, 1576, p. 1900, 1583, p. 2008.

Buswell, a priest, spoke to Edward Benet while they were imprisoned together and gave him a copy of Cranmer's recantation. 1570, p. 2279, 1576, p. 1968 [incorrectly numbered 1632], 1583, p. 2075.

of St Michael at Queenhythe; presented in 1541 for forbidding his wife to use the rosary

John Boultes was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1378; 1576, p. 1175; 1583, p. 1204.

(d. 1561)

Earl of Bath [Complete Peerage]; privy councillor

He was a signatory to a letter from the privy council to Bonner, dated 27 November 1554, informing the bishop that Queen Mary was pregnant and ordering him to have prayers and Te Deums said throughout his diocese (1563, pp. 1014-15; 1570, p. 1647; 1576, p. 1405; 1583, pp. 1475-76).

[Also referred to as John Bathon]

(d. 1571)

DD (1558). Archdeacon and prebend of Ely, Winchester, St Paul's. Dean of Windsor (1554). Dean of Peterbrough (1557). Dean of Norwich and Windsor (1557). Registrar of the Order of the Garter (1557 - 1558). Prebend of York and Salisbury (1558). Removed as Secretary of State to make way for William Cecil. Committed to the Tower by Matthew Parker (1560) (DNB)

Elizabeth stayed in John Boxall's house for one night on her way through Windsor. 1563, p. 1713, 1570, p. 2289, 1576, p. 1982, 1583, p. 2290.

He was imprisoned in the Tower after the death of Mary. 1570, p. 2301, 1576, p. 1993.

(1510? - 1555)

Protestant divine. Martyr. Of Manchester. [DNB]

Foxe gives an account of Bradford's birth, early life and education. 1563, p. 1172, 1570, p. 1779, 1576, p. 1520 , 1583, p. 1603.

Martin Bucer exhorted Bradford to preach and join the ministry. 1563, pp. 1172-73, 1570, pp. 1779-80, 1576, p. 1520 , 1583, p. 1603.

Bradford was persuaded to enter the ministry by Ridley. Foxe provides an account of Bradford's ordination and early career under Edward. 1563, p. 1173, 1570, p. 1780, 1576, p. 1520, 1583, pp. 1603-04.

He was deprived under Mary. 1563, p. 1173, 1570, p. 1780, 1576, p. 1520, 1583, p. 1604.

On 13 August 1553 Bradford saved Bishop Bourne from a riotous crowd when the bishop preached at Paul's Cross. (1563, pp. 904-5, 1173; 1570, pp. 1570, 1780; 1576, pp. 1339, 1520; and 1583, pp. 1497 (recte 1409), 1604).

One Sunday Bradford preached at the St Mary le Bow Church in Cheapside, reproving people for their 'sedicious misdeamenour'. He was accused of sedition in 1553 and committed to the Tower. 1563, p. 1173, 1570, p. 1780, 1576, p. 1521, 1583, p. 1604.

Bradford was committed to the Tower by the privy council on 16 August 1553 together with Thomas Becon and 'M. Vernon' [Jean Veron], (1583, p 1497, (recte 1409)). Another mention of Bradford being sent to the Tower, together with Veron and Becon, on 16 August 1553 is in 1570, p. 1634; 1576, p 1395; 1583, p. 1465.

He was sent to the King's Bench in Southwark and later to the Counter, Poultry Street, London. 1563, p. 1173, 1570, p. 1780, 1576, p. 1521, 1583, p. 1604.

Rowland Taylor was imprisoned with him in the King's Bench. Taylor told his friends that Bradford was an angel of God sent to comfort him (1563, p. 1570; 1570, p. 1696; 1576, p. 1448; 1583, p. 1521).

In a letter William Tyms wrote to 'God's faithful servants', he named his fellow prisoners in the King's Bench as Robert Ferrar, Rowland Taylor, John Philpot, John Bradford and five other Sussex men. 1570, p. 2082, 1576, p. 1795, 1583, p. 1902.

Bradford became ill whilst incarcerated. 1563, p. 1173, 1570, p. 1780, 1576, p. 1521, 1583, p. 1604.

He received the sacrament whilst incarcerated. 1563, p. 1173, 1570, p. 1780, 1576, p. 1521, 1583, p. 1604.

Foxe gives an account of Bradford's character and behaviour. 1563, p. 1174, 1570, p. 1780, 1576, p. 1521, 1583, p. 1604.

Bradford was generous with his money towards fellow prisoners. 1563, p. 1174, 1570, p. 1780, 1576, p. 1521, 1583, p. 1604.

Foxe describes the conditions of Bradford's imprisonment. 1563, p. 1174, 1570, p. 1781, 1576, p. 1521, 1583, p. 1604.

Ridley reported to Cranmer, in a letter written in the aftermath of the Oxford disputations in April 1554, that Crome, Rogers and Bradford would be taken to Cambridge for a disputation on similar lines to that held in Oxford (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p 1394; 1583, p. 1464; not in LM). It was rumored in May 1554 that Bradford, Saunders and John Rogers would be in a disputation to be held at Cambridge (1570, p. 1639; 1576, p 1399; 1583, p. 1469). Bradford was one of the signatories to a letter of 8 May 1554 protesting against the proposed disputation. The letter is printed in 1563, pp. 1001-3; 1570, pp. 1639-41; 1576, pp. 1399-1400; 1583, pp. 1469-71.

On 6 May 1554, John Hooper sent Robert Ferrar, John Philpot, John Bradford and Rowland Taylor a letter discussing a proposed disputation in Cambridge in which they would represent the protestants. 1570, p. 1687; 1576, p. 1440; 1583, p. 1513.

Laurence Saunders sent a letter to him and his fellow prisoners Robert Ferrar, John Philpot and Rowland Taylor (1570, pp. 1671-72; 1576, p. 1426; 1583, p. 1500).

Ferrar would have taken the sacrament if not for Bradford's intervention. 1563, p. 1174, 1570, p. 1781, 1576, p. 1521, 1583, p. 1604.

Bradford's final days and execution are described. 1563, p. 1174-75, 1570, p. 1781, 1576, pp. 1521-22, 1583, p. 1604.

Bradford was examined after the lord chancellor and his commission had finished their talk with Ferrar. 1563, p. 1185, 1570, p. 1782, 1576, p. 1522, 1583, p. 1605.

Bradford was brought to speak to Bonner by the under-marshal of the King's Bench. Talk and communication took place between the lord chancellor, Bonner and John Bradford on 22 January 1555, during which the bishop of Durham, Sir Richard Southwell, Sir Robert Rochester, and Secretary Bourne questioned Bradford's eucharistic doctrine. 1563, pp. 1185-88, 1570, pp. 1782-84, 1576, pp. 1522-23, 1583, pp. 1605-06.

Secretary Bourne declared that Bradford had caused much trouble with letters, as had been reported to him by the earl of Derby. 1563, p. 1186, 1570, p. 1783, 1576, p. 1523, 1583, p. 1606.

Bourne asked Bradford if the letters were seditious, but Bradford claimed they were not. 1563, p. 1187, 1570, p. 1783, 1576, p. 1523, 1583, p. 1606.

The bishop of Worcester was present at this examination. 1563, p. 1187, 1570, p. 1784, 1576, p. 1523, 1583, p. 1606.

The under-marshall was called to take watch over Bradford and was told to make sure that Bradford wrote no letters. 1563, p. 1187, 1570, p. 1784, 1576, p. 1523, 1583, p. 1606.

Bradford was examined on 29 January 1555 before Bonner. 1563, pp. 1185-92, 1570, pp. 1782-87, 1576, pp. 1524-26, 1583, pp. 1607-09.

Thomas Hussey met Bradford and spoke with him after his first examination. He told him that he could organise an escape for him, and that all those who had witnessed the examination could see that they had not reason to hold Bradford, yet Bradford did not want any assistance. 1563, p. 1191, 1570, p. 1786, 1576, p. 1525, 1583, p. 1609.

During the conversation between Hussey and Bradford, Doctor Seton entered the room, and spoke a 'long sermon of my Lord Canterbury, M. Latimer, and M, Ridley'. He acknowledged that Latimer and Ridley were not able to answer anything at all at their examinations, and that Canterbury desired to confer with Durham and others, saying that Bradford should make a like suit, to which Seton received no agreement from Bradford. Seton berated Bradford for his attitude, and claimed that Bonner could be charitable. 1563, p. 1191, 1570, p. 1786, 1576, p. 1526, 1583, p. 1609.

Bradford was brought before Stephen Gardiner at St Mary Overy's on 29 January 1555 (1570, p. 1655; 1576, p 1412; 1583, p. 1483).

Bradford's second examination took place directly after the excommunication of John Rogers. 1563, pp. 1185, 1570, p. 1784, 1576, p. 1524, 1583, p. 1607.

Gardiner told Bradford that he would be handed over to the secular authorities if he did not follow the example of Barlow and Cardmaker. 1563, p. 1188, 1570, p. 1784, 1576, p. 1524, 1583, p. 1607.

During Bradford's second examination, Doctor Seton described Ridley and Latimer as being unable to answer anything at all at their examinations. 1570, p. 1786, 1576, p. 1526, 1583, p. 1607.

Gardiner spoke on the subject of Bradford's allegedly seditious letters, referring to a report given by the earl of Derby. Bradford claimed that he had been denied paper, pen and ink. 1563, p. 1190, 1570, p. 1786, 1576, p. 1525, 1583, p. 1609.

Bradford was taken to St Mary Overyes church and stayed there until early morning after his second examination. 1563, p. 1191, 1570, p. 1787, 1576, p. 1526, 1583, p. 1609.

Bradford's last examination took place directly after the excommunication of Laurence Saunders. 1563, pp. 1192, 1195, 1570, p. 1787, 1576, p. 1526, 1583, p. 1609.

Mr Chamberlaine told Gardiner that Bradford had served Harrington, to which Gardiner answered that Bradford deceived Harrington out of ?7, and claimed that this was why Bradford left his service. Bradford said this was slanderous. 1563, p. 1197, 1570, p. 1788, 1576, p. 1527, 1583, p. 1610.

The bishop of London referred to Bradford's letter to Mr Pendleton as proof of his heresy. A clerk named Allen then reminded Gardiner of Bradford's letters to Lancashire. 1563, p. 1197, 1570, p. 1788, 1576, p. 1527, 1583, p. 1610.

Bradford and Gardiner debated transubstantiation and Bradford denied Christ's presence in the bread and wine. The bishops and council discussed Luther, Zwingli and Oecolampadius. A bishop asked Bradford if he received Christ's body to which he said that he did not. 1563, p. 1197, 1570, p. 1789, 1576, p. 1528, 1583, p. 1611.

In his last examination Bradford was also questioned by the bishop of Worcester. 1563, p. 1197, 1570, p. 1789, 1576, p. 1528, 1583, p. 1611.

Gardiner excommunicated Bradford. 1563, p. 1198, 1570, p. 1789, 1576, p. 1528, 1583, p. 1611.

He was excommunicated and sentenced to death by Stephen Gardiner on 30 January 1555 (1570, p. 1655; 1576, p 1412; 1583, p. 1483; also see 1570, p. 1699; 1576, p. 1450; 1583, pp. 1523-24).

Bradford was handed over to the sheriff of London and taken to the Clink. He was then taken to the Counter in the Poultry, and it was intended that he be handed to the earl of Derby and burned in Manchester, but these original plans were altered and he was burned in London. 1563, p. 1199, 1570, pp. 1789-90, 1576, p. 1528,1583, p. 1611.

On 4 February 1555, after the condemnation of Bradford, Bonner went to the Counter to degrade Master Taylor but spoke to Bradford first. 1563, p. 1199, 1570, p. 1790, 1576, p. 1528, 1583, p. 1612.

Rowland Taylor told Bradford that he threatened to strike Bishop Bonner as he (Taylor) was being degraded (1570, p. 1699; 1576, p. 1451; 1583, p. 1524).

On 4 February 1555 Bonner took Harpsfield to speak with John Bradford, who was imprisoned after his excommunication. 1563, p. 1199, 1570, p. 1790, 1576, p. 1528, 1583, p. 1612.

In February 1555 Willerton, a chaplain to Bishop Bonner, went to speak with John Bradford in prison. They discussed the doctors and scripture and agreed that each would write down his own arguments over transubstantiation. Willerton sent his few sparse answers to Bradford the next morning and went to see him in the afternoon. They discussed whether or not the scriptures should be in the vernacular. Bradford gave Willerton his answers on transubstantiation and told Willerton to form his answers as reasons. 1563, pp. 1199-1200. Willerton was with Creswell, Harding, Harpsfield and others. 1570, p. 1790, 1576, p. 1528, 1583, p. 1612.

On 12 February 1555 a servant of the earl of Derby went to see Bradford in prison. He asked Bradford to tender himself, and what his answer would be if Derby petitioned the queen to have Bradford sent overseas. Bradford refused, as he believed he would only end up being burned in Paris or Louvain, instead of in England, which was where he wished to die. 1563, p. 1200, 1570, p. 1790, 1576, p. 1529, 1583, p. 1612.

On 14 February 1555 Percival Creswell, an old acqauintance of Bradford's, went to visit Bradford in prison. He offered to make suit for Bradford. He returned later, at 11 o'clock, with another man and gave Bradford a book by More, desiring him to read it. He told Bradford that the lords of York, Lincoln and Bath wished to speak with him. Then at 3 o'clock the same day, Dr Harding, the bishop of Lincoln's chaplain, went to see Bradford in prison. Harding talked of his fear for Bradford's soul, and that he himself had spoke against Peter Martir, Martin Bucer, Luther and others for their beliefs. 1563, p. 1200, 1570, pp. 1790-91, 1576, p. 1529, 1583, pp. 1612-13.

On 15 February 1555 Percival Cresswell and another man went to see Bradford once more. Harspfield discussed with Bradford the way to enter the kingdom of heaven and also baptism. 1563, pp. 1200-01. In 1570 the date is given as 25 February. 1563, p. 1200, 1570, p. 1791, 1576, p. 1529, 1583, p. 1613.

On 16 February 1555 John Harpsfield and two others went to see Bradford in prison, to defend the line of bishops in the catholic church. Bradford refuted the argument. 1563, pp. 1202-03, 1570, pp. 1792-93, 1576, pp. 1530-31, 1583, pp. 1614-15.

On 23 February 1555 the archbishop of York (Nicholas Heath) and the bishop of Chichester (George Day) went to the Counter to speak with Bradford. 1563, pp. 1204-08, 1570, pp. 1794-97, 1576, pp. 1532-34, 1583, pp. 1615-17.

Bradford was asked by Heath and Day to read a book that did Dr Crome good. 1563, p. 1208, 1570, p. 1797, 1576, 1524, 1583, p. 1617.

On 25 February , at about 8am, two Spanish friars visited Bradford in the Counter. One of them was the king's confessor, the other was Alphonsus, who had written against heresies. Their conversation was held in Latin. 1563, pp. 1208-11, 1570, pp. 1797-98, 1576, pp. 1534-36, 1583, pp. 1617-19.

On 25 February, at about 5pm, Master Weston visited Bradford and asked to speak with him in private. When the two men were alone, Weston thanked Bradford for his writings to him and then produced the work that Bradford had sent him. It was entitled, 'Certayne reasons againste Transubstantiation gathered by John Bradforde, and geuen to Doctour weston and others'. 1563, p. 1212. They discussed transubstantiation. 1563, pp. 1211-12, 1570, pp. 1801-02. [Note that in 1570 this meeting is dated as the afternoon of 28 March. 1570, p. 1800.]

On 21 March 1555 Bradford talked with Dr Weston, after being told of Weston's intention to visit by the earl of Derby's servant (when master Collier, warden of Manchester, had come to dinner at the Counter). 1576, p. 1536. Bradford and Weston spoke to each other in the presence of Master Collier, the earl of Derby's servant, the subdean of Westminster, the keeper (Master Clayden), and others. 1570, pp. 1799-80, 1576, pp. 1536-37, 1583, pp. 1619-20.

Bradford wrote his religious convictions down for Weston, and on or around 28 March 1555 Dr Pendleton, Master Colier (sometime warden of Manchester) and Stephen Beche visited Bradford in the Counter. 1563, p. 1213, 1570, p. 1800, 1576, p. 1537, 1583, p. 1620.

Bradford questioned Pendleton as to why Pendleton changed his religion. 1563, pp. 1213-14, 1570, p. 1800, 1576, p. 1537, 1583, p. 1620.

Foxe states that he omitted the talk that Bradford and Pendleton had of 'my lord of Canterbury, of Peter Martirs boke, of Pendleto[n']s letter laid to Bradford.' 1563, p. 1214, 1570, p. 1800, 1576, p. 1537, 1583, p. 1620.

Bradford's reasons against transubstantiation were given to Weston and others. 1563, pp. 1211-12, 1570, pp. 1800-01, 1576, pp. 1537-38, 1583, pp. 1620-21.

Weston told Bradford of what he had done for Grimald, who had subscribed. 1563, p. 1212, 1570, p. 1801, 1576, p. 1538, 1583, p. 1621.

On 5 April, at 2pm, Weston went to visit Bradford in the Counter. Weston had not visited him earlier due to ill health and also because he had been busy withstanding monks from entering Westminster. He also thought that Pendleton would be coming to see him. Weston told Bradford that the pope was dead and that Weston had petitioned the queen and so thought that death would not come to Bradford soon. 1570, p. 1802, 1576, pp. 1538-39, 1583, pp. 1621-22.

As Weston left Bradford on 5 April, he sent for Master Weale. 1570, p. 1802, 1576, p. 1539, 1583, p. 1622.

After Weston left Bradford on 5 April, the keeper, Master Claydon, and Steven Bech came to Bradford and spoke unkindly to him even though they had hitherto appeared to be friendly to him. 1570, p. 1802, 1576, pp. 1538-39, 1583, pp. 1621-22.

Bradford spoke to the servant of an unnamed gentlewoman, misused by her family for not going mass, who visited Bradford while he was in prison. [Note that Foxe says that the gentlewoman is still alive and so does not give her name, but simply records the conversation between the servant and Bradford.] 1570, pp. 1802-03, 1576, pp. 1539-40, 1583, pp. 1622-23.

Bradford told the servant of the unnamed gentlewoman that he had read the work of Friar Fonse. 1570, p. 1803, 1576, p. 1539, 1583, p. 1622.

The servant of the unnamed gentlewoman gave Bradford greetings from Cardmaker. 1570, p. 1803, 1576, p. 1539, 1583, p. 1622.

The servant of the unnamed gentlewoman told Bradford that she saw a priest come to him in the morning and Bradford told her that he had brought a letter from a friar, to which he was replying. 1570, p. 1803, 1576, p. 1539, 1583, p. 1622.

Rowland Tayor joked to Bradford as he was about to be led away to execution (1563, p. 1080; 1570, p. 1703; 1576, p. 1454; 1583, p. 1527).

Foxe describes Bradford's behaviour at his burning at Smithfield. 1563, p. 1215, 1570, pp. 1804-05, 1576, p. 1540, 1583, p. 1623.

Sheriff Woodruff chided Bradford at his burning. When Woodruff went home after the burning of John Bradford, he became paralysed in his legs and arms. 1563, p. 1215, 1570, pp. 1804-05, 1576, p. 1540, 1583, p. 1624.

Bradford sent Anne Smith money. 1563, pp. 1266-7, 1570, p. 1876, 1576, p. 1607, 1583, p. 1701.

He was described as a faithful witness of Christ by Robert Glover in a letter to his wife.1563, pp. 1273-80, 1570, p. 1886-89, 1576, pp. 1615-19, 1583, pp. 1710-12.

Bradford was one of the authors of a petition to Philip and Mary asking them for a chance to debate the rectitude of the Edwardian religious reforms. The petition is printed in 1570, p. 1656; 1576, p. 1413; 1583, p. 1483.

Bradford's letter to John Treves, dated February 1548. [BL Harley 416, fos.33r-34r. Not printed in AM or LM.]

Bradford's letter to John Treves, dated Christmas 1549. [BL, Harley 416, fo.37v. Not printed in AM or LM.]

Bradford's letter to an unnamed gentleman or noble, written during Lent 1549. [BL Harley 416, fo.37r. Not printed in AM or LM.]

Letters of Bradford: 1563, pp. 1176-85, 1570, pp. 1805-40, 1576, pp. 1541-75, 1583, pp. 1624-64.

Ridley and his fellow prisoners sent a letter to Bradford and his fellow prisoners in the King's Bench. 1563, pp. 1894-95, 1570, pp. 1896-97, 1576, pp. 1624, 1583, pp. 1724-25.

Ridley wrote a letter to Bradford. 1563, p. 1295, 1570, p. 1897, 1576, pp. 1624-25, 1583, p. 1725.

Ridley wrote a letter to Bradford and his fellow prisoners, in which Ridley spoke of his love for Taylor. The bearer of the letter to Bradford was Punt, who also carried Hooper's letters. 1570, pp. 1897-98, 1576, pp. 1625-26, 1583, p. 1725.

Another letter was written by Ridley to Bradford. 1570, p. 1898, 1576, p. 1626, 1583, p. 1726.

Grindal wrote to Ridley from his exile in Frankfort, to which letter Ridley replied. He mentioned his imprisonment with Cranmer, Latimer and Bradford. 1570, pp. 1901-02, 1576, pp. 1628-30, 1583, pp. 1729-30.

Foxe includes Ridley's lamentation for a change in religion, in which he makes reference to Latimer, Lever, Bradford and Knox, as well as Cranmer and their part in the duke of Somerset's cause. 1570, pp. 1945-50, 1576, pp. 1670-78, 1583, pp. 1778-1784.

Bradford received a letter from John Careless. 1570, pp. 2104-05, 1576, pp. 1815-16, 1583, p. 1922-23.

Bradford wrote a letter to Careless. 1570, p. 2105, 1576, p. 1816, 1583, p. 1923.

Blacksmith of Colchester He and his wife were charged in 1528 [Fines]

John Bradley and his wife, along with many others, abjured. 1570, p. 1191; 1576, p. 1019; 1583, p. 1048.

(by 1489 - 1567)

JP, MP (1545), Sheriff of Radnorshire (1542 - 1543, 1553 - 1554, 1564 - 1565) [Bindoff, Commons. He was not a JP in 1555.]

One of the JPs of Radnorshire who suppressed a riotous assembly gathered to oppose Stephen Green's collation in the prebend of Llanbister. 1563, p. 1086; 1583, p. 1545.

Churchwarden of St Margaret's, Westminster

Bray deposed that William Flower attacked a priest in St Margaret's, Westminster, on Easter Sunday 1555. 1563, p. 1183; 1570, p. 1748; 1576, p. 1493; 1583, p. 1576.

Protestant exile under Mary who returned home.

Thomas Brice came home from Wesel with his elder brother John to their father's house and intended to warn Springfield of the danger nearly upon him, when they themselves came close to capture. Servants at an inn allowed them to escape through a secret passage and take a barge out of town. Springfield successfully avoided capture also. 1570, p. 2287, 1576, p. 1974 [incorrectly numbered as 1938], 1583, p. 2081.

[Thomas Brice had two older brothers called John. See F. G. Emmison, ed., Essex Wills 1558 - 1565 (Washington DC, 1982), no.486. It is impossible to say which John Brice this is.]

Farmer? Of Kingswood, Wiltshire.

John Maundrel probably tended Bridges' cattle during Mary's reign. 1570, p. 2073, 1576, p. 1788, 1583, p. 1894.

(d. 1511) [N. P. Tanner,'Penances Imposed on Kentish Lollards by Archbishop Warham, 1511-12', Lollardy and the Gentry in the Later Middle Ages, M. Aston and C. Richmond (eds.) (New York, 1997), p. 233]

Burnt at Ashford; father of Richard Browne, near martyr; convicted of heresy in 1499, abjured

John Browne was sentenced to bear a faggot in 1504. 1570, p. 1480; 1576, p. 1255; 1583, p. 1293.

John Browne began debating with a priest in a barge going to Gravesend. The priest reported him to Archbishop Warham. He was apprehended on the day his wife was churched following childbirth when they were entertaining guests. He was taken to Canterbury, imprisoned and tortured. He was returned to Ashford the day before his burning and placed in the stocks. The following day he was burnt. 1570, p. 1480; 1576, p. 1255; 1583, pp. 1292-93.

John Browne and Edward Walker were condemned to burn for heresy in 1511 in Kent. 1570, p. 1455; 1576, p. 1240; 1583, p. 1277.

of St Alban's parish; charged in 1541 with bearing with Barnes [Fines]

John Browne was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1376; 1576, p. 1174; 1583, p. 1203.

Dominican friar of Ipswich in 1531

Thomas Bilney and John Brusyerd entered into a dialogue on images in Ipswich around the time of Bilney's examination. 1563, pp. 474-79; 1570, pp. 1138-40; 1576, pp. 975-76; 1583, pp. 1001-03.

of Staplehurst, Kent; one of the last group of William Warham's victims [Thomson]

John Buckherst abjured in Kent in 1511. 1570, p. 1455; 1576, p. 1241; 1583, p. 1278.

(d. 1598)

Chaplain to the bishop of Winchester during Mary's reign. Bishop of Gloucester. [DNB]

John Bullingham wrote a letter, dated 26 April 1562, about Julins Palmer's conversion and his own. He mentioned Palmer's reading of Calvin. 1563, p. 1540, 1583, p. 1935.

Brewer

Burton testified that Robert Bromley told him about John Tooley's prayer denouncing the pope and that Bromley showed him a copy of the prayer. Burton, in turn, showed the prayer to members of Sir William Chester's household. 1563, p. 1145; 1570, p. 1758; 1576, p. 1501; 1583, p. 1585.

of St Martin's at the Well with two buckets; one of 11 presented in 1541 for condemning church ceremonies [Fines]

John Bushe was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1377; 1576, p. 1175; 1583, p. 1203.

BCL, chaplain to Henry VIII; Cranmer's commissary in Calais by 1534; supported Adam Damplip in 1538; removed from Calais in 1539; imprisoned in the Marshalsea for nine months [Fines; Lisle Letters]

After the pope had had a notice posted on the church door in Dunkirk ordering the king to cease his pursuit of a divorce from Queen Catherine, John Butler took it down on the king's orders. This was followed by the posting of a notice of interdict of the king and realm, which Butler was also sent to remove. 1570, p. 1200; 1576, p. 1027; 1583, p. 1055.

John Butler was one of those accused of heresy to the privy council by councillors of Calais. 1563, p. 661; 1570, p. 1401; 1576, p. 1195; 1583, p. 1224.

He was accused by Richard Thorpe and John Ford, soldiers of Calais. John Butler and William Smith were taken into England from Calais and were sent to the privy council to answer charges of heresy and sedition and then taken to the Fleet. They were then brought for examination before John Clerk, Richard Sampson and William Rugg. Butler was eventually discharged and sent home, but deprived of his office. 1570, p. 1404; 1576, p. 1197; 1583, p. 1226.

Adam Damplip was sent to the mayor's prison in Calais along with John Butler and the curate Daniel. There were orders that no one was to speak to Butler. 1570, p. 1407; 1576, p. 1199; 1583, p. 1229.

After the execution of Damplip, Massie returned to England with John Butler and Daniel the curate, who were imprisoned in the Marshalsea. They stayed there nine months until, with his brother-in-law and Sir Leonard Musgrave standing surety, he was released and eventually allowed to return to Calais. 1570, p. 1407; 1576, p. 1200; 1583, p. 1229.

Priest of St Botolph's; a 'busy reasoner' charged in 1541 [Fines]

John Byrch was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1379; 1576, p. 1177; 1583, p. 1205.

Curate. Of Derby.

John Cadman testified to the events surrounding the death of Joan Waste. 1570, p. 2138, 1576, p. 1859, 1583, p. 1953.

Reformer of Geneva and leading protestant theologian [H. Hillerbrand (ed.), The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation, 1996]

During his fifth examination, Philpot asked his examiners which of them could answer Calvin's Institutions, to which Saverson replied that the Genevan church had fragmented and that Calvin had fled. 1563, pp. 1398-1405, 1570, pp. 1968-72, 1576, pp. 1695-98, 1583, pp. 1803-05.

(1393 - 1464) [ODNB]

Augustinian friar; BTh Cambridge 1423; MTh 1425; prior of Bishop's Lynn; theologian; historian

Capgrave wrote a biography of Oswald, bishop of Worcester. 1570, p. 1301; 1576, p. 1114; 1583, p. 1139.

(d. 1557)

Bishop of Salisbury (1539 - 1557). (DNB)

John Capon was one of the commissioners who condemned John Bradford, Laurence Saunders and Rowland Taylor to death. 1570, p. 1699; 1576, p. 1450; 1583, pp. 1523-24.

Cranmer was asked by Dr Capon to be a founding fellow of Wolsey's college. 1563, p. 1471, 1570, p. 2035, 1576, p. 1753, 1583, p. 1860.

John Capon examined John Maundrel, John Spicer and William Coberley. 1570, p. 2073, 1576, p. 1788, 1583, p. 1894.

The examinations of John Hunt and Richard White before the bishops of Salisbury and Gloucester (Brookes and Capon), Dr. Geffre (chancellor) took place on 26 April 1557. 1570, p. 2254, 1576, p. 1947, 1583, p. 2054.

Foxe says that John Capon died shortly before the death of Mary. [He died on 6 October 1557.] 1563, p. 1707, 1570, p. 2299, 1576, p. 1990. 1583, p. 2101.

[Alias Salcot.]

(d. 1557) [ODNB]

Benedictine monk; BTh Cambridge 1512; DTh 1515; prior of St John's by 1517; abbot of St Benet of Hulme, Norfolk (1517 - 30); abbot of Hyde Abbey, Winchester (1530 - 39); bishop of Bangor (1534 - 39); bishop of Salisbury (1539 - 57)

John Capon was one of the subscribers to the Bishops' Book. 1570, p. 1211; 1576, p. 1037; 1583, p. 1064.

Capon was one of the persecutors of Robert Testwood, Henry Filmer and Anthony Pearson. 1570, p. 1386; 1576, p. 1182; 1583, p. 1211.

William Symonds complained of Henry Filmer to the mayor and then to the bishop, John Capon. Filmer had got to the bishop first, showing him a bill with notes of the vicar's sermons. The bishop declared that the vicar had preached heresy. He reprimanded Symonds and told him that the vicar would be made publicly to recant his heresy. 1570, pp. 1388-89; 1576, pp. 1184-85; 1583, p. 1213.

John Marbeck's fourth examination was conducted by John Capon, John Skip, Thomas Goodrich, Robert Oking and William May. 1570, pp. 1393-94; 1576, pp. 1188-89; 1583, pp. 1216-17.

The judges of John Marbeck, Henry Filmer, Anthony Pearson and Robert Testwood at Windsor were John Capon, Sir William Essex, Thomas Brydges, Sir Humphrey Foster, William Franklyn and Thomas Vachell. 1570, p. 1396; 1576, p. 1191; 1583, p. 1219.

Capon, along with the other judges aside from Vachell, were reluctant to give judgement. Capon and others sent a message to Stephen Gardiner in favour of John Marbeck, who was then pardoned by the king. 1570, p. 1397; 1576, p. 1191; 1583, p. 1220.

After the burning of Filmer, Pearsons and Testwood, Capon sent Robert Ockham with a report to Stephen Gardiner. William Symonds, at the request of Robert Bennett's wife, got from Capon a letter to Gardiner for the deliverance of Robert Bennett. 1570, p. 1398; 1576, p. 1191; 1583, p. 1221.

(d. 1555)

Franciscan friar. Vicar of St Bride's, London. Chancellor of Wells. Martyr. [DNB]

In 1554 Cardmaker attempted to flee England with his bishop, William Barlow, but both were arrested and imprisoned in the Fleet. 1563, p. 1141; 1570, p. 1749; 1576, p. 1494; 1583, p. 1578.

On 9 November 1554 he was brought before the Star Chamber and then put in the Fleet (1570, p. 1645; 1576, p 1403; 1583, p. 1474).

He was brought before Stephen Gardiner at St Mary Ovary's on 28 January 1555. Cardmaker submitted to Gardiner (1570, p. 1655; 1576, p 1412; 1583, p. 1483).

Barlow and Cardmaker appeared to be ready to recant. Cardmaker was imprisoned in the Counter in Bread Street where he had a 'Christian and comfortable conference' with Laurence Saunders who had been sent there after being condemned by Gardiner; Saunders persuaded Cardmaker not to recant. Thomas Martin and other catholics urged Cardmaker to recant. 1570, p. 1047; 1576, p. 1426; 1583, p. 1500; also see 1563, pp. 1141-42; 1570, p. 1750; 1576, pp. 1494-95; 1583, p. 1578.

Articles presented to Cardmaker by Bishop Bonner on 24 May 1555 and Cardmaker's answers are recorded. 1563, pp. 1142-43; 1570, pp. 1750-51; 1576, p. 1495; 1583, pp. 1578-79.

Foxe records Cardmaker's confession of faith 1563, pp. 1143-1135 [recte 1145].

Beard visited Cardmaker in Newgate a few days before Cardmaker's execution and tried to persuade him to recant; Cardmaker refused. 1570, p. 1754; 1576, p. 1498; 1583, p. 1581.

Cardmaker wrote a letter to a friend, denying that he had recanted. 1570, pp. 1753-54; 1576, p. 1498; 1583, p. 1581.

Cardmaker was executed on 30 May 1555. 1563, p. 1142; 1570, pp. 1751-52; 1576, pp. 1496-97; 1583, pp. 1579-80.

Stephen Gardiner told John Bradford that he would be handed over to the secular authorities if he did not follow the example of Barlow and Cardmaker. 1563, p. 1188, 1570, p. 1784, 1576, p. 1524, 1583, p. 1607.

Cardmaker sent greetings to John Bradford via the servant of an unnamed gentlewoman. 1570, p. 1803, 1576, p. 1539, 1583, p. 1622.

When examined by Bonner, John Leafe (who was burned with John Bradford) denied transubstantiation and admitted to being a 'scholer' of John Rogers, and that he believed in the doctrine of Rogers, Hooper and Cardmaker. 1563, p. 1214, 1570, p. 1804, 1576, p. 1540, 1583, p. 1623.

Grindal wrote to Ridley from his exile in Frankfort, to which letter Ridley replied. Ridley mentioned that he knew that Ferrar, Hooper, Rogers, Taylor of Hadleigh, Saunders and Tomkins, a weaver, had all been martyred, as had Cardmaker the day before he wrote this letter. 1570, pp. 1901-02, 1576, pp. 1628-30, 1583, pp. 1729-30.

Copy of his submission. [BL Harley 421, fo.39v. Not printed in AM or LM. Gingerly described in 1563, p. 1141 et seq.]

[Alias Taylor.]

(c. 1496 - 1555) [ODNB]

Franciscan; left the order in 1537; presented for preaching at St Bride's in Fleet Street against the mass in 1540; vicar of St Bride's 1543; leading protestant preacher in London, lecturer at St Paul's; chancellor of Wells 1550; arrested and submitted; charged as a relapsed heretic; burnt at Smithfield

John Cardmaker was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1379; 1576, p. 1177; 1583, p. 1205.

(d. 1556)

Weaver. Consided by Foxe a 'martyr' (died in prison). Of Coventry.

Uncle to Sir Peter Carew [Hasler, Commons]

John Careless was sent by the mayor of Coventry - together with Baldwin Clarke, Thomas Wilcockes and Richard Estlin - to the privy council on 20 November 1553 for unspecified 'lewde and sediciouse behaviour' on All Hallows Day 1553 (1583, p. 1417). He was imprisoned in the Gatehouse.

A letter by Careless to the condemned brethren in Newgate is attributed to Philpot. 1563, pp. 1449-50.

Careless received letters from John Philpot while he was imprisoned. 1570, pp. 2004-05, 1576, pp. 1726-27, 1583, pp. 1833-34.

Careless received a letter from John Bradford while he was imprisoned in the King's Bench. 1570, pp. 1827-28, 1576, p. 1563, 1583, p. 1645.

Careless received two letters from Thomas Whittle while he was imprisoned in the King's Bench. 1563, p. 1457, 1570, pp. 2018-19 and 2021, 1576, pp. 1739-40 and 1742, 1583, pp. 1847-48 and 1850.

John Careless' first examination was before Dr Martin, marshall of the King's Bench [Sir William Fitzwilliam - DNB + Hasler / Bindoff], Dr Martin's scribe and an unspecified priest in the lord chancellor's house. 1563, pp. 1529-35, 1570, pp. 2101-02, 1576, pp. 1813-14, 1583, pp. 1919-20.

During his first examination, Careless was shown some hand-writing, which Martin believed to be that of Careless. The handwriting was that of Henry Hart. Careless knew this because he had been sent a copy by Tyms. 1563, pp. 1529-35, 1570, pp. 2101-02, 1576, pp. 1813-14, 1583, pp. 1919-20.

During Careless' first examination, Martin asked Careless if he had knew Henry Hart, to which Careless answered that he did not. 1563, pp. 1529-35, 1570, pp. 2101-02, 1576, pp. 1813-14, 1583, pp. 1919-20.

During this examination, Martin asked Careless if he knew Master Chamberlain, to which he answered that he did not. 1563, pp. 1529-35, 1570, pp. 2101-02, 1576, pp. 1813-14, 1583, pp. 1919-20.

During this examination, Martin claimed that Cox had refuted some of Careless's arguments. 1563, pp. 1529-35, 1570, pp. 2101-02, 1576, pp. 1813-14, 1583, pp. 1919-20.

During this examination, Careless told Martin that Tyms had been his bedfellow, and that Tyms had been burned the day before this examination. 1563, pp. 1529-35, 1570, pp. 2101-02, 1576, pp. 1813-14, 1583, pp. 1919-20.

During this examination, Martin asked Careless what Trew's faith of predestination was. 1563, pp. 1529-35, 1570, pp. 2101-02, 1576, pp. 1813-14, 1583, pp. 1919-20.

During this examination, Martin pretended, according to Foxe, to desire to help Careless survive. He asked Careless if he would like to go to Ireland with Lord Fitzwalter to do the queen's service, to which Careless replied that he was willing to do the queen service as long as he was alive. 1563, pp. 1529-35, 1570, pp. 2101-02, 1576, pp. 1813-14, 1583, pp. 1919-20.

At the end of his first examination, Careless was told by Martin that he was one of the most pleasant protestants he had talked to 'except it were Tomson' . 1563, pp. 1529-35, 1570, pp. 2101-02, 1576, pp. 1813-14, 1583, pp. 1919-20.

Careless was imprisoned for two years, first in Coventry and then in the King's Bench. 1570, pp. 2101-02, 1576, pp. 1813-14, 1583, pp. 1919-20.

In Coventry jail, the keeper allowed Careless to leave the prison to take part in a Coventry pageant. 1570, p. 2102, 1576, p. 1814, 1583, p. 1920.

Foxe states that Careless desired to be burned, but that he died in prison and was buried in the fields in a dunghill instead. 1570, p. 2102, 1576, p. 1814, 1583, pp. 1920-21.

Careless died in prison 1 July 1556. 1563, p. 1529, 1570, p. 2101, 1576, p. 1813, 1583, p. 1919.

Letters: 1563, pp. 1535-38, 1570, pp. 2103-17, 1576, pp. 1814-40, 1583, pp. 1921-34.

Saddler. Of Ipswich.

John Carlton fled Ipswich for fear of persecution. 1576, p. 1981, 1583, p. 2089.

Of Much Bentley.

John Carter was one of the cosignatories of a supplication against William Mount, his wife and their daughter, Rose, to Lord Darcy of Chiche, who then delivered the supplication to John Kingston. 1563, p. 1604, 1570, p. 2198, 1576, p. 1897, 1583, p. 2005.

Information against Ralph Allerton was provided by Thomas Tye, John Painter, William Harris, John Barker, John Carter, Thomas Candler, Jeffrey Bestwood, John Richard, and Richard Mere, all of Much Bentley. 1563, p. 1626, 1570, p. 2212, 1576, p. 1908, 1583, p. 2016.

(d. 1566) [ODNB sub John Caryll senior]

Law reporter (1537 - at least 1560); attorney-general of the first-fruits and tenths (1540 - 44); attorney of the duchy (1544 - 66)

John Caryll was a witness in 1551 to the sentence against Stephen Gardiner and his appellation. 1563, p. 867.

One of four members of the jury which acquited Sir Nicholas Throckmorton, and confessed their fault, submitting to the authorities and therefore being exempted from punishment. (1570, p. 1645; 1576, p 1403; 1583, p. 1473). Foxe had earlier characterized those jurors as 'weakelyngs' (1570, p. 1644; 1576, p 1403; 1583, p. 1473).

Foxe calls this juror 'Master Cater'. Brigden states that his name was John Cater and that he was the governor of a London hospital (Susan Brigden, London and the Reformation (Oxford, 1989), p 554).

'Master Catter' is described, along with 'Master Low' [see Simon Lowe] as mourners at the funeral of Maurice Griffith at St Magnus, London (J. G. Nicholas, ed., The Diary of Henry Machyn, Camden Society Original series 42 (London, 1878), p. 180). This may indicate that Cater came from this parish.

(d. 1556)

John Cavel was sent up to London by Lord Rich, Tyrrel and others for examination. 1563, p. 1505, 1570, p. 2074, 1576, p. 1788, 1583, p. 1895.

Cavel was examined by Richard Read, the Lord Chancellor, on 22 March 1556. 1563, p. 1505 [note that 1563 says 21 March], 1570, p. 2074, 1576, p. 1789, 1583, p. 1895.

On 28 March he was brought before Bonner to be condemned. 1563, p. 1505, 1570, p. 2074, 1576, p. 1788, 1583, p. 1895.

He remained in the Marshalsea for around one year, until the death of Gardiner. 1563, p. 1505, 1570, p. 2074, 1576, p. 1788, 1583, p. 1895.

After Gardiner's death he and some of his fellow prisoners sent a petition to Heath, after he replaced Gardiner as lord chancellor, on behalf of them all. 1563, p. 1505, 1570, p. 2074, 1576, p. 1788, 1583, p. 1895.

Richard Read was told during his examination of 16 January 1555 that the Spurges, Ambrose and Cavel had been complained of by the parson of the church in Bocking. The priest had complained to Lord Rich, who had taken the complaint further. 1563, p. 1505, 1570, p. 2074, 1576, p. 1788, 1583, p. 1895.

Under examination by Read, Cavel claimed that he had not gone to church because the minister preached two different and contrary doctrines. 1563, p. 1505, 1570, p. 2074, 1576, p. 1789, 1583, p. 1895.

Cavel was condemned by Bonner on 28 March 1556. 1563, p. 1506, 1570, p. 2077, 1576, p. 1791, 1583, p. 1898.

He was burned around 24 April 1556 at Smithfield. 1563, p. 1506, 1570, p. 2077, 1576, pp. 1791-92, 1583, p. 1898.

Cavel was one of the recipients of a letter by John Careless to his condemned brethren in Newgate. 1563, pp. 1449-50, 1570, pp. 2105-06, 1576, pp. 1817-18, 1583, pp. 1923-24.

(1514 - 1572)

Queen Mary's official printer. (DNB) [See E. G. Duff, A Century of the English Book Trade: Short Notices of All Printers, Stationers, Book-binders, and Others Connected with it from the Issue of the First Dated Book in 1457 to the Incorporation of the Company of Stationers in 1557 (London, 1948), p. 23.]

In the 1563 edition, the privy council's letter to Bonner, announcing that the queen was pregnant, is stated by Foxe to have been printed by 'Iohn Cawood' (1563, pp. 1014-15). The letter was reprinted in later editions (1570, p. 1647; 1576, p. 1405; 1583, pp. 1475-76) but the attribution to Cawood was never repeated.

In the 1563 edition, a copy of Hugh Weston's prayer for the safe delivery of Mary's child was printed and followed by the phrase 'Imprinted by Iohn Cawode etc'. 1563, p. 1015) This phrase was omitted when the poem was reprinted in 1570, p. 1653; 1576, p. 1405; 1583, pp. 1480-81.

John Cawood printed the proclamation of Philip and Mary, dated 13 June 1555, prohibiting the importation or ownership of certain protestant books. 1563, pp. 1146-47; 1570, pp. 1772-73; 1576, pp. 1513-14; 1583, p. 1597

(1514 - 1572)

Queen Mary's official printer (DNB)

In the 1563 edition, the Privy Council's letter to Bonner, announcing that the Queen was pregnant, is stated by Foxe to have been printed by 'Iohn Cawood' (1563, pp. 1014-15). The letter was reprinted in later editions (1570, p. 1647; 1576, p. 1405; 1583, pp. 1475-76) but the attribution to Cawood was never repeated.

In the 1563 edition, a copy of Hugh Weston's prayer for the safe delivery of Mary's child was printed and followed by the phrase 'Imprinted by Iohn Cawode etc' (1563, p. 1015). This phrase was omitted when the poem was reprinted in 1570, p. 1653; 1576, p. 1405; 1583, pp. 1480-81.

of S Botolph's, Billingsgate; one of 9 presented in 1541 for not being confessed in Lent or receiving at Easter

John Celos was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1376; 1576, p. 1174; 1583, p. 1203.

(1470 - 1549) [ODNB]

Physician and cleric; archdeacon of Bedford (1525 - 49); treasurer of Wells (1510 - May 1543, October 1543 - 1549); canon of Windsor (1509 - 49)

Thomas Magnus posted a poem praising the Virgin on the choir door at Windsor. Robert Testwood twice tore it down. Magnus arranged to have letters complaining of Testwood sent from him, the dean and other canons to John Chambre. No action resulted from the complaint. 1570, p. 1388; 1576, p. 1184; 1583, p. 1212.

of Hosier Lane, London

Wythers brought Andrew Hewett to John Chapman's house, where he stayed for two days. Wythers then brought William Holt to the house, and he and Holt betrayed Hewett, John Tybal and John Chapman. Chapman and Tybal were bound with ropes and taken to the bishop's house, but kept apart. Chapman was imprisoned for five weeks, three of them in the stocks, but was released after an appeal to the lord chancellor. 1563, p. 506; 1570, pp. 1179-80; 1576, pp. 1008-09; 1583, p. 1036.

of Boxtead. Brother of Richard; servant of Christopher Ravins of Witham, Essex; called to answer in 1528 [Fines]

John Chapman, his brother and his master abjured. 1570, p. 1190; 1576, p. 1019; 1583, p. 1047.

Cardinal David Beaton attempted unsuccessfully to force the appointment of John Charteris of Kinfauns as provost of Perth in 1544, with military support from Lord Gray and Norman Leslie, master of Rothes [ODNB sub Norman Leslie]

John Charteris was a supporter of protestants. He was removed from the office of provost by authority of the governor and was replaced by Alexander Marbeck, a religious conservative. 1570, p. 1443; 1576, p. 1230; 1583, p. 1267.

Priest

While he was celebrating mass at St Margaret's, Westminster, on Easter Sunday 1555, Cheltham was assaulted by William Flower. Flower attacked him with a knife and wounded him so severely it was thought that Cheltham would lose his hand. 1563, pp. 1135-38; 1570, pp. 1746-48; 1576, pp. 1491-93; 1583, pp. 1574-76.

Registrar at the trial of George Marsh. 1563, p. 1120; 1570, p. 1736; 1576, p. 1477 [recte 1483], 1583, p. 1565.

of Birbrook, Essex. He, his mother, 3 brothers and sister were troubled c. 1533 [Fines]

John Choote, his mother, brothers and sister, along with others of Birbrook, abjured. 1570, p. 1190; 1576, p. 1019; 1583, p. 1047.

(d. 1558) [ODNB]

English humanist; Master of Trinity College, Cambridge (1553 - 1558); bishop of Chichester (1557 - 1558). Master of Trinity College (1553 - 1558). Dean of Norwich (1554 - 1557). Chaplain and confessor to Queen Mary. Translator from Greek to Latin; translated Eusebius' Historia ecclesiastica (1569)

Foxe accused Christopherson of deliberately omitting the word 'bread' when used of the sacrament in Eusebius. 1576, p. 65; 1583, p. 65.

(d. 1558)

Master of Trinity College, Cambridge (1553 ? 1558); bishop of Chichester (1557 - 1558). Master of Trinity College (1553 - 1558). Dean of Norwich (1554 - 1557). Chaplain and confessor to Queen Mary. (DNB)

Christopherson was sent to Cambridge University by Stephen Gardiner with articles ordering that every scholar wear the proper vestments, pronounce Greek in the traditional pronounciation and declare the whole style of the king and queen in their sermons (1563, p. 1007; 1570, pp. 1646-47; 1576, p 1405; and 1583, p. 1475).

John Christopherson condemned Robert Pygot and William Wolsey on 9 October 1555. 1570, p. 1893, 1576, p. 1621, 1583, p. 1715.

Philpot's eleventh examination, on St Andrew's day, was before Durham, Chichester, Bath, Bonner, the prolocutor, Christopherson, Chadsey, Morgan of Oxford, Hussey of the Arches, Weston, John Harpsfield, Cosin, and Johnson. 1563, pp. 1425-34, 1570, pp. 1986-92, 1576, pp. 1710-15, 1583, pp. 1817-22.

In an attempt to reinstate catholicism at the University of Cambridge, a commission under the direction of Cardinal Pole ordered the condemning and burning of the bones and books of Phagius and Martin Bucer. Members of the commission were Cuthbert Scott, Nicholas Ormanet, Thomas Watson, John Christopherson and Henry Cole. 1563, pp. 1537 [recte 1549]-1558 [recte 1570]

John Christopherson was chosen by Pole to be a persecutor of the University of Cambridge. 1563, p. 1537, 1570, p. 2142, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1956.

Christopherson attempted to sprinkle scholars of Trinity College with holy water at the gatehouse to the college, but they refused it. Nicholas Carre wrote a letter to John Cheke about Martin Bucer, which was then passed on to Peter Martyr. 1563, p. 1540, 1570, p. 2145, 1576, p. 1865, 1583, p. 1957.

Scot, Watson and Christopherson discussed and agreed to the exhumation of Bucer and Phagius. . 1563, p. 1540, 1570, p. 2145, 1576, p. 1865, 1583, p. 1957.

Christopherson did not attend King's College on 14 January 1557 with the other commissioners. 1563, p. 1541, 1570, p. 2146, 1576, p. 1866, 1583, p. 1960.

He was taken sick during Watson's Candlemas sermon and began babbling. 1563, p. 1541, 1570, p. 2146, 1576, p. 1866, 1583, p. 1960.

Some present at Watson's sermon said that Christopherson had become sick because he had been accused of false accounting at the college and that he had witnessed his brother-in-law's lease being cancelled on the manor of the college because the covenants seemed unreasonable. 1563, p. 1541, 1570, p. 2146, 1576, p. 1866, 1583, p. 1960.

Richard Woodman's first examination before Christopherson, Story, Cooke and others took place on 14 April 1557. 1563, pp. 1573-79, 1570, p. 2174-78, 1576, pp. 1877-81, 1583, pp. 1986-89.

Woodman's second examination before Christopherson and two of his chaplains, as well as Story, took place on 27 April 1557. 1563, pp. 1582-87, 1570, pp. 2178-82, 1576, pp. 1881-84, 1583, pp. 2089-92.

The sixth and last examination of Woodman took place before Chichester, Roper, Nicholas Harpsfield, the fat priest, Winchester and others. 1563, 1599-1601, 1570, p. 2192-94, 1576, p. 1892-93, 1583, pp. 2000-02.

He accused and examined several prisoners in Chichester. 1563, p. 1634, 1570, p. 2220, 1576, p. 1815, 1583, p. 2023.

He died after Queen Mary. 1563, p. 1707, 1570, p. 2301, 1576, p. 1992.

(347 - 407) [Catholic Encyclopedia]

b. Antioch; hermit and ascetic. Bishop of Constantinople 398, deposed and banished 403. Preacher in Syria and Constantinople; denounced the abuse of authority in the church and the Roman empire

Thomas Arthur and Thomas Bilney, in their examination on a charge of heresy, said that Chrysostom encouraged the reading of books to aid committing to memory the things that were heard. 1563, p. 465, 1570, p. 1137; 1576, p. 974; 1583, p. 1000.

Husband of Elizabeth Churchman.

John Churchman's wife confessed that her husband allowed secret meetings to be held at his house. 1563, p. 1652, 1570, p. 2230, 1576, p. 1926, 1583, p. 2033.

He was said to have agreed with his wife that no more meetings should be held at their house. 1563, p. 1652, 1570, p. 2230, 1576, p. 1926, 1583, p. 2033.

(1467/8 - 1536) [ODNB]

Humanist; b. Frampton, Lincolnshire; master of Magdalen College, Oxford (1507 - 16); BTh 1510; 1st president of Corpus Christi College (1517 - 36); collapsed during the panic at St Mary's church and died after

John Claymond was in St Mary's Church, Oxford, during the performance of penance by John Mallory. When a panic broke out in the church about a suspected fire, John Claymond, along with a few other aged people with him, knelt quietly before the altar. 1563, p. 623; 1570, p. 1383; 1576, p. 1180; 1583, p. 1209.

(d. 1556)

Wheelwright. Of unknown origin.

John Clement died in the King's Bench and was buried in a dunghill on 25 June 1556. 1563, p. 1523, 1570, p. 2095, 1576, p. 1807, 1583, p. 1914.

Fellow prisoner with John Careless in the King's Bench. Died in prison.

In a letter to John Careless, John Philpot expressed his appreciation for the comfort Clements' support had given him.1570, p. 2004; 1576, p. 1726; 1583, p. 1833

Clothier of Hadleigh; brother of Walter Clerke [See Diarmaid MacCulloch, Suffolk and the Tudors (Oxford, 1986), p. 430 and John Craig, 'Reformers, conflict and revisionism: the Reformation in sixteenth-century Hadleigh', Historical Journal 42 (1999), pp. 17 and 19-20].

Together with William Foster, Clerke arranged to have mass celebrated in the church at Hadleigh after Mary's accession. Rowland Taylor interrupted the service and was forcibly ejected from the church. Some of Taylor's followers broke the windows of the church. Foster and Clerke denounced Taylor to Stephen Gardiner, leading to Taylor's imprisonment 1563, p. 1066-67; 1570, pp. 1693-94; 1576, p. 1446; 1583, p. 1519.

John Clerk was an enemy of Thomas Rose in Hadleigh and resorted to have him removed. 1576, p. 1978, 1583, p. 2083.

John Clerk and Walter Clerk complained to the council about Rose, and the sergeant-at-arms, Cartwright, subsequently arrested Rose. 1576, p. 1978, 1583, p. 2083.

(1481/2? - 1541) [ODNB]

Diplomat; bishop of Bath and Wells (1523 - 41)

Thomas Wolsey, William Warham, Cuthbert Tunstall, John Fisher, Nicholas West, John Veysey, John Longland, John Clerk and Henry Standish took part in the examination of Thomas Bilney and Thomas Arthur in 1527-28. 1563, pp. 461-78; 1570, pp. 1134-46; 1576, pp. 971-81; 1583, pp. 998-1008.

John Clerke took part in the examination of John Tewkesbury. 1563, p. 491; 1570, pp. 1165-66; 1576, p. 997; 1583, p. 1025.

The archbishop of Canterbury (Cranmer), along with the bishops of London (Stokesley), Winchester (Gardiner), Bath and Wells (Clerk) and Lincoln (Longland) and other clergy went to see Queen Catherine. She failed to attend when summoned over 15 days, and they pronounced that she and the king were divorced. 1570, p. 1200; 1576, p. 1027; 1583, p. 1055.

Clerk was one of the subscribers to the Bishops' Book. 1570, p. 1211; 1576, p. 1037; 1583, p. 1064.

Clerk attended a synod in 1537 with other bishops and learned men and with Thomas Cromwell as vicar-general. Clerk favoured retaining the seven sacraments. 1563, p. 594; 1570, p. 1351; 1576, p. 1153; 1583, p. 1182.

John Butler and William Smith were brought for examination before John Clerk, Richard Sampson and William Rugg. 1570, p. 1403; 1576, p. 1196; 1583, p. 1226.

(c. 1501 - 1528?) [Emden]

BA Cambridg; MA 1521-22; called from Cambridge to Cardinal's College (Christ Church) Oxford in 1525; BTh 1527; one of those suspected of having done mischief at the time of the visit of Thomas Garrett to Oxford in 1528

John Clerk warned Anthony Dalaber that if he continued to follow him, he would be subjected to scorn, persecution and imprisonment. Many students and scholars throughout Oxford were influenced by Clerk's disputations and lectures. 1563, p. 609; 1570, p. 1369; 1576, p. 1168; 1583, p. 1196.

Anthony Dalaber went to John Clerk to tell him about the arrest of Thomas Garrard and his escape. Clerk was glad to hear of it. He sent for Henry Sumner and William Bettes and had Dalaber relate the story to them, who were equally glad. 1563, p. 606; 1570, p. 1367; 1576, p. 1167; 1583, p. 1195.

Those suspected of heresy at Oxford at the time of the trial of Thomas Garrard and Anthony Dalaber included John Clerk, Henry Sumner, William Bettes, John Taverner, Radley, Nicholas Udall, John Diet, William Eden, John Langport, John Salisbury and Robert Ferrar. 1563, p. 609; 1570, p. 1369; 1576, p. 1168; 1583, p. 1197.

John Clerk was one of the scholars Wolsey gathered for Cardinal College. He died in prison after a diet of solely salt fish. 1563, p. 497; 1570, p. 1174; 1576, p. 1004; 1583, p. 1032.

Clerk was imprisoned in Cardinal College for holding an illegal assembly and died of illness. 1563, p. 441; 1570, p. 1133; 1576, p. 970; 1583, p. 997.

(d. 1556)

Of unknown occupation and origin.

A letter was written by John Clerke's fellow prisoners stating that he was in danger of starving to death. 1563, pp. 1547-48, 1570, p. 2141, 1576, p. 1861, 1583, p. 1954.

Clerke was a prisoner for his beliefs but not yet condemned. He died of hunger in prison at Canterbury in November 1556. 1563, p. 1547, 1570, p. 2141, 1576, p. 1860, 1583, p. 1954.

(d. 1560?)

Clothier of Hadleigh; brother of Walter Clerke [See Diarmaid MacCulloch, Suffolk and the Tudors (Oxford, 1986), p. 430 and John Craig, 'Reformers, conflict and revisionism: the Reformation in sixteenth-century Hadleigh', Historical Journal 42 (1999), pp. 17 and 19-20].

Together with William Foster, Clerke arranged to have mass celebrated in the church at Hadleigh after Mary's accession. Rowland Taylor interrupted the service and was forcibly ejected from the church. Some of Taylor's followers broke the windows of the church. Foster and Clerke denounced Taylor to Stephen Gardiner, leading to Taylor's imprisonment 1563, p. 1066-67; 1570, pp. 1693-94; 1576, p. 1446; 1583, p. 1519.

John Clerk was an enemy of Thomas Rose in Hadleigh and resorted to have him removed. 1576, p. 1978, 1583, p. 2083.

John Clerk and Walter Clerk complained to the council about Rose, and the sergeant-at-arms, Cartwright, subsequently arrested Rose. 1576, p. 1978, 1583, p. 2083.

of St Giles without Cripplegate; charged in 1541 with working on holydays and not attending divine service [Fines]

John Clerke was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1378; 1576, p. 1175; 1583, p. 1204.

Servant of Stephen Gardiner

John Clyffe was a deponent in the case of Gardiner. 1563, pp. 856-57.

of St Michael at Queenhythe; presented in 1541 for seeking out new preachers and holding the opinions of Robert Barnes

John Cockes was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1378; 1576, p. 1175; 1583, p. 1204.

(d. 1546) [Emden]

BCL Oxford by 1500; DCL by 1508; canon of Salisbury 1524; auditor of causes at the court of Canterbury 1520; chancellor of the archbishop c. 1522; commissary of the prerogative, Canterbury 1529; dean of Arches 1543

John Cockes was present and agreed to the pronouncement of sentence against Richard Bayfield. 1563, p. 489; 1570, p. 1164; 1576, p. 996 ; 1583, p. 1024.

John Cockes was present at the examination of John Tewkesbury. 1563, p. 492; 1570, p. 1166; 1576, p. 997 ; 1583, p. 1025.

Thomas Frebarne was reported to Cockes for obtaining pork during Lent for his pregnant wife. Frebarne's landlord, the garter king of arms, was dining at Cockes's house and had Frebarne arrested. 1563, p. 492; 1570, p. 1354; 1576, p. 1156 ; 1583, p. 1184.

Rector of All Hallows, Honey Lane; imprisoned with John Frith

At the burning of John Frith and Andrew Hewett, Dr Coke urged the onlookers not to pray for them. 1563, p. 507; 1570, p. 1180; 1576, p. 1009; 1583, p. 1036.

(1467 - 1519) [ODNB]

Dean of St Paul's and founder of St Paul's School; had knowledge and use of Florentine Neoplatonism

Because of his excellence of learning, Richard Pace was considered a suitable successor to John Colet as dean of St Paul's. 1570, p. 1124; 1576, p. 962; 1583, p. 989.

Colet was described by John Lambert as having had a good reputation among the people. 1563, p. 566; 1570, p. 1276; 1576, p. 1091; 1583, p. 1117.

Colet was one of those listed by Foxe as having been falsely accused of heresy 1570, p. 1439; 1576, p. 1227; 1583, p. 1257.

Of unknown occupation. Of London, dwelling in Wellington, Shropshire. (Fines)

Colstock was examined by Ralph Baynes and compelled to recant in the church of St Cedde, Lichfield, and to do penance on 14 June 1556. 1563, p. 1527, 1570, p. 2098, 1576, p. 1810, 1583, p. 1916.

(d. 1557) (Complete Peerage)

Lord Conyers

Warden of the East Marches and Governor of Berwick under Mary.

Accompanied Queen to Westminster Abbey, 1 October 1553 (1570, p. 1635; 1576, p 1395; 1583, p. 1466).

Spelt 'Conias' by Foxe.

(d. 1557)

Sawyer. Martyr. Of Bury St Edmunds.

John Cooke was examined by Hopton, bishop of Norwich, and Dr Spenser, his chancellor, as well as Sir Edward Waldegrave. 1563, p. 1669, 1570, p. 2240, 1576, p. 1941, 1583, p. 2047.

Articles were brought against him and answers made. 1563, p. 1669, 1570, p. 2240, 1576, p. 1941, 1583, p. 2047.

He was burned at Bury St Edmunds in early August 1557. 1563, p. 1669, 1570, p. 2240, 1576, p. 1941, 1583, p. 2047.

Stephen Gardiner's registrar

John Cooke and John Potinger served as Stephen Gardiner's proctors. 1563, p. 795.

Cooke received the king's visitors to the diocese. 1563, p. 843.

Cooke was a deponent in the case of Gardiner. 1563, p. 860.

John Cooke witnessed Anne Askew's confession in 1545. 1563, p. 673; 1570, p. 1416; 1576, p. 1207; 1583, p. 1237.

of St Giles without Cripplegate; charged with his wife and another couple in 1541 for insulting the mass [Fines]

John Cooke was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1377; 1576, p. 1175; 1583, p. 1203.

Sheriff of Chester

George Marsh was delivered into Cooper's custody, and the custody of Robert Amery, his fellow sheriff, after being condemned. 1563, p. 1121; 1570, p. 1738; 1576, p. 1477 [recte 1483]; 1583, p. 1566.

Cooper, with Amry, escorted Marsh to his execution on 24 April 1555. One of them would not permit Marsh to speak to the crowd. 1563, pp. 1121-22; 1570, p. 1738; 1576, p. 1484; 1583, p. 1567.

Carpenter. Of Wattisham, Suffolk.

John Cooper was first accused of high treason for speaking against Queen Mary. He was arrested and taken to Henry Doyle by Master Timperley of Hintlesham, Suffolk, and Grimwood of Lawshall, constable. 1563, p. 1704, 1570, p. 2301, 1576, p. 1990, 1583, p. 2101.

At Bury St Edmunds, Clement Higham met with the witnesses against Cooper, Richard White of Wattisham and Grimwood of Hitcham, Suffolk. 1563, p. 1704, 1570, p. 2301, 1576, p. 1990, 1583, p. 2101.

Cooper was condemned to be hanged, drawn and quartered as an example to others. 1563, p. 1704, 1570, p. 2301, 1576, p. 1990, 1583, p. 2101.

At his death John Cooper left a wife and nine children, with goods and cattle to the value of 300 marks, which was removed from Cooper's family by Sir Henry Doyle. 1563, p. 1704, 1570, p. 2301, 1576, p. 1990, 1583, p. 2101.

[See Thomas S. Freeman, 'Fate, Fact and Fiction in Foxe's Book of Martyrs' in Historical Journal 43.3 (2000), pp. 603-10.]

(by 1514 - 1559)

Of Sprowston, Norfolk. Steward of sheriff's court (1540 - 1547), recorder (1547 - 1550), JP Norfolk (1541 - 1553), commr relief Norfolk (1550), goods of churches and fonts (1553). (Bindoff)

John Corbet overheard Cicely Ormes show her confessional allegiance with Simon Miller and Elizabeth Cooper and took her to Dunning. 1563, p. 1618, 1570, p. 2219, 1576, p. 1916, 1583, p. 2023.

(d. 1558)

Martyr of unknown occupation. Of Wrotham, Kent.

Nicholas Harpsfield urged on the condemnation of John Corneford so that he could be burned before the death of Queen Mary. 1563, p. 1673, 1570, p. 2253, 1576, p. 1946, 1583, p. 2053.

Corneford produced his own sentence of condemnation against the papists. 1563, p. 1673, 1570, p. 2253, 1576, p. 1946, 1583, p. 2053.

He was burned at Canterbury in 1558. 1563, p. 1673, 1570, p. 2253, 1576, p. 1946, 1583, p. 2053.

Apprentice musician. Of Colchester.

John Cornet went to sing songs at a wedding in Rough-hedge. 1570, p. 2287, 1576, p.1974 [incorrectly numbered as 1938], 1583, p. 2081.

He sang a song against the mass for which the parson, Yaxley, had him sent before justice Cannall. 1570, p. 2287, 1576, p.1974 [incorrectly numbered as 1938], 1583, p. 2081.

Cornet was sent before the earl of Oxford. 1570, p. 2287, 1576, p.1974 [incorrectly numbered as 1938], 1583, p. 2081.

He was held in chains and finger irons that made the tips of his fingers burst. 1570, p. 2287, 1576, p.1974 [incorrectly numbered as 1938], 1583, p. 2081.

He was sent to Bonner but later ordered by the earl of Oxford to return to Rough-hedge to be whipped and then banished from the town forever. 1570, p. 2287, 1576, p.1974 [incorrectly numbered as 1938], 1583, p. 2081.

)d. 1540) [ODNB]

Master of Lincoln College, Oxford; chancellor's commissary at Oxford

Thomas Garrard was arrested and taken to John Cottisford, who kept him imprisoned in his own chamber. 1563, p. 605; 1570, p. 1366; 1576, p. 1166; 1583, p. 1194.

After Thomas Garrard escaped, Cottisford was blamed by John Hygdon and John London. 1563, p. 606; 1570, p. 1367; 1576, p. 1167; 1583, p. 1195.

Anthony Dalaber was brought before Cottisford, John Hygdon and John London and examined. 1563, p. 608; 1570, p. 1368; 1576, p. 1167; 1583, p. 1196.

Thomas Garrard was apprehended after his escape and examined by Cottisford, Hygdon and London. He was condemned as a heretic and made to bear a faggot. 1563, p. 609; 1570, p. 1369; 1576, p. 1168; 1583, p. 1197.

Cottisford was one of the examiners of the reformers at Cardinal College, Oxford. 1570, p. 1174; 1576, p. 1004; 1583, p. 1032.

(by 1501 - 1558)

MP (1529, 1553, 1554); Sheriff of Surrey and Sussex (1554 - 1555) [Bindoff, Commons ]

The privy council ordered William Paulet to send writs to Covert authorising the burning of Derick Carver. 1583, p. 1581.

[NB: Bindoff identifies Covert as a religious conservative.]

of St Martin le Grand; charged c. 1541 [Fines]

John Coygnes was charged with not receiving communion at Easter and condemning the sacrament of the altar. He died at St Martin. 1563, p. 419; 1570, p. 1379; 1576, p. 1176; 1583, p. 1205.

of Steeple Bumpstead, Essex; charged in 1528 [Fines]

John Craneford, along with many others of Steeple Bumpstead, abjured. 1563, p. 419; 1570, p. 1190; 1576, p. 1019; 1583, p. 1047.

(d. 1547) [Emden]

BA Cambridge 1511/12; MA 1514/15; BTh 1522/23; DTh 1534/5; master of Clare College (1530 - 39); vice-chancellor of Cambridge University (1534 - 36); chancellor of Salisbury (1544 - 47); archdeacon of Berkshire 1545; chaplain to the king by 1545; one of the commissioners for the enforcement of the Act of Six Articles 1540

John Crayford was named in a commission from Henry VIII to Edmund Bonner as one who was required to execute the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1375; 1576, p. 1173; 1583, p. 1202.

(d. 1577)

Farmer of Bolton, Lancs.

George Marsh wrote a letter to him and other co-religionists in the area of Bolton instructing them on how to behave in the current time of persecution. 1570, p. 1743; 1576, pp. 1488-89; 1583, pp. 1571-72.

[NB: Crompton was accused of heresy in 1554. In 1557, he resisted, paying tithes. See Christopher Haigh, Reform and Resistance in Tudor Lancashire (Cambridge, 1975), pp. 173, 177 and 193.]

[Foxe calls him 'Jenkin Crampton', or 'Cramptom']

of St Giles without Cripplegate; charged in 1541 with working on holydays and not attending divine service [Fines]

John Crosdall was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1378; 1576, p. 1175; 1583, p. 1204.

Neighbour of Thomas Hudson. Of Aylsham, Norfolk.

Thomas Hudson's neighbour, John Crouch, went to the constables, Robert Marsham and Robert Lawes, to expose Hudson. 1563, p. 1657, 1570, p. 2233, 1576, p. 1928, 1583, p. 2036.

of St Mary Woolchurch; presented in 1541 with 7 others for despising ceremonies [Fines]

John Curtys was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1378; 1576, p. 1176; 1583, p. 1204.

(fl. 1539 - 1559)

Fellow of Queen's College (1542 - 1548). Chaplain and cross bearer to Cambridge University (1554). Rector of Little Shelford, Cambridgeshire, and of Wetheringsett, Suffolk (both in 1557). Did not subscribe to the oath of allegiance and was a recusant after 1558. (Venn)

A discussion of scripture and civil law was planned between Bonner and Dr Dale to be had with Bartlett Green. 1563, p. 1460, 1570, p. 2023, 1576, p. 1744, 1583, p. 1852.

Dale was present at Philpot's presentment before Bonner on 17 November 1555. 1563, p. 1460, 1570, p. 2023, 1576, p. 1744, 1583, p. 1852.

John Dale misunderstood Nicholas Ormanet's request for the pixe and brought him instead a chalice and the host. 1563, pp. 1537 [recte 1549]-1558 [recte 1570]

John Dale was called a blockhead by Ormaneto for mistakenly bringing him a chalice and host instead of the pix he requested. 1563, p. 1544, 1570, p. 2147, 1576, p. 1867, 1583, p. 1960.

Dale was told by Ormaneto to treat the host reverently. 1563, p. 1544, 1570, p. 2147, 1576, p. 1867, 1583, p. 1960.

His body was infested with lice at his death. John Avales provided testimony of this. 1570, p. 2300, 1576, p. 1992, 1583, p. 2101.

[Not related to John Dale of Hadleigh.]

(1511? - 1557)

Weaver. Of Hadleigh, Suffolk.

Dale was arrested for his heretical beliefs. He became sick in prison and died there. His body was cast out and buried in the fields. 1563, p. 1698, 1570, p. 2245, 1576, p. 1939, 1583, p. 2046.

[Not related to John Dale, fellow of Queen's College.]

(fl. 1539 - 1559)

Fellow of Queen's College (1542 - 1548). Chaplain and cross bearer to Cambridge University (1554). Rector of Little Shelford, Cambridgeshire, and of Wetheringsett, Suffolk (both in 1557). Did not subscribe to the oath of allegiance and was a recusant after 1558. (Venn)

A discussion of scripture and civil law was planned between Bonner and Dr Dale to be had with Bartlett Green. 1563, p. 1460, 1570, p. 2023, 1576, p. 1744, 1583, p. 1852.

Dale was present at Philpot's presentment before Bonner on 17 November 1555. 1563, p. 1460, 1570, p. 2023, 1576, p. 1744, 1583, p. 1852.

John Dale misunderstood Nicholas Ormanet's request for the pixe and brought him instead a chalice and the host. 1563, pp. 1537 [recte 1549]-1558 [recte 1570]

John Dale was called a blockhead by Ormaneto for mistakenly bringing him a chalice and host instead of the pix he requested. 1563, p. 1544, 1570, p. 2147, 1576, p. 1867, 1583, p. 1960.

Dale was told by Ormaneto to treat the host reverently. 1563, p. 1544, 1570, p. 2147, 1576, p. 1867, 1583, p. 1960.

His body was infested with lice at his death. John Avales provided testimony of this. 1570, p. 2300, 1576, p. 1992, 1583, p. 2101.

[Not related to John Dale of Hadleigh.]

Crossbearer to the university; BD (1556) [Venn]

John Dane was a friend and supporter of Rawlins White. Dane visited White in prison, bringing him money and other necessities. He was the author of the detailed account of White's life and martyrdom printed in 1570, pp. 1726-29; 1576, pp. 1473-76; 1583, pp. 1556-59.

(d. 1558)

Martyr. Of unknown occupation and origin.

[See his sentence recorded as 27 May in BL, Ms Harley 421, art.68.]

The writ for John David's burning was signed by Sir Clement Higham. 1563, p. 1672, 1570, p. 2249, 1576, p. 1942, 1583, p. 2049.

He was burned at Bury shortly before the death of Mary. 1563, p. 1672, 1570, p. 2249, 1576, p. 1942, 1583, p. 2049.

[Brother of Henry David.]

Servant of Stephen Gardiner

John Davie was a deponent in the case of Gardiner. 1563, pp. 831-33.

(b. 1535?)

Dwelling in the house of his uncle, Johnson, apothecary. Of Worcester.

In 1546 Davis, who often read an English Testament, was complained of by Alice Johnson, his mistress. 1570, p. 2277, 1583, p. 2073.

Alice Johnson consulted with Thomas Parton and Alice Brook (wife of Nicholas Brook, organ maker) and with certain canons, including Robert Johnson, chancellor to Heath. It was decided that Alice Brook's son, Oliver (a school fellow of Davis) feign friendship with him and so gain access to his writings. 1570, p. 2277, 1583, p. 2073.

Oliver gained access to Davis's English books and writings against the Six Articles, which were then brought before the canons and Robert Johnson. 1570, p. 2277, 1583, p. 2073.

Thomas Parton apprehended Davis. 1570, p. 2277, 1583, p. 2073.

Davis was sent to prison, where he lay for around six weeks. 1570, p. 2277, 1583, p. 2073.

Richard Hawborough visited Davis in an attempt to persuade him to avoid burning. He burned one of Davis's fingers for some considerable time. 1570, p. 2277, 1583, p. 2073.

Davis was removed to the Peephole prison where the low bailiff, Robert Youle, bound his legs with heavy bolts. 1570, p. 2277, 1583, p. 2073.

Davis was often threatened while he was in prison by a madman who had a knife. 1570, p. 2277, 1583, p. 2073.

Davis's parents were too frightened to visit him in prison. 1570, p. 2277, 1583, p. 2073.

Davis was visited by Henry Jolliffe and N. Yewer (both canons), who had in their possession his writings against the Six Articles and a ballad by him, to see if he admitted writing them, which he did. 1570, p. 2277, 1583, p. 2073.

He was condemned by Robert Johnson. 1570, p. 2277, 1583, p. 2073.

His judges were Portman and Marven who, when they witnessed the boy's sorry state when he was held before them, agreed with John Bourne that the boy had suffered enough. 1570, p. 2277, 1583, p. 2073.

Bourne and his wife took Davis home and anointed his wounds but put him away when they realised he would not submit to their doctrine. They were afraid he might have an effect on their son Anthony. 1570, p. 2277, 1583, p. 2073.

Davis survived to become a minister under Elizabeth. 1570, p. 2277, 1583, p. 2073.

(1522 - 1584)

Printer. Of London. [See Elizabeth Evenden, 'Patents and Patronage: The Life and Career of John Day, Tudor Printer', (unpublished PhD thesis, York University, 2002).]

John Day was imprisoned in Mary's reign for religion. John Rogers predicted to Day, when they were both in prison, that the gospel would be restored to England. 1563, p. 1037; 1570, p. 1663; 1576, p. 1419; 1583, p. 1492.

William Cooke was sent to prison for persuading John Day to print Gardiner's De Vera Obedientia. 1563, p. 1681.

Drainer went to see the printer John Day and verbally attacked him for his portrayal in Foxe's work. Day derided him by calling him Justice Nine Holes and saying that he knew that Drainer had denied his real reason for drilling the holes. Drainer was alleged to have claimed in Cheapside to have drilled the holes to look on women. Drainer denied drilling all the holes and said that the parson drilled some also. . 1563, p. 1730, 1576, p. 2002, 1583, p. 2113.

John Peter said on many occasions that if things were not true God should let him rot. He died of a disease that caused his body to rot. John Day the printer was witness to this. 1570, p. 2300, 1576, p. 1992, 1583, p. 2101.

Archbishop of Benveneto, papal chamberlain and papal legate to Venice.

According to Foxe, John de la Casa wrote a book of poetry, published in Venice, celebrating his homosexual exploits. 1563, p. 1117; 1570, p. 1730; 1576, p. 1477; 1583, p. 1560.

John de la March was mistaken by Foxe for one of the jurats who examined Perotine Massey. He was not one of the seven jurats. 1563, p. 1543, 1570, p. 2128, 1576, p. 1849, 1583, pp. 1943-44.

(d. 1562)

16th earl of Oxford. (DNB)

John de Vere accompanied Queen Mary to Westminster Abbey for her coronation on 1 October 1553 (1570, p. 1635; 1576, p. 1395; 1583, p. 1466).

John Hamond, Simon Hamond, Christopher Lyster, John Mace, John Spencer and Richard Nicholas were delivered to John Kingstone, bachelor of civil law, and then commissory to Gardiner, by the earl of Oxford on 28 March 1556. 1563, p. 1517, 1570, p. 2089, 1576, p. 1803, 1583, p. 1909.

John Routh was convented before the earl of Oxford. He was sent to Colchester castle by Lord Rich and then on to Bonner. 1563, p. 1526, 1570, p. 2096., 1576, p. 1808, 1583, p. 1916.

Thomas Hawkes was a member of his household. The earl reported to Bishop Bonner that Hawkes refused to have his son baptized in a catholic service and delivered Hawkes to Bonner�s custody (1563, pp. 1161-62; 1570, p. 1758; 1576, p. 1550 [recte 1502]; 1583, p. 1585).

He denounced six residents of Coggeshall, Essex (William Bamford, Nicholas Chamberlain, Thomas Brodehill, Thomas Osborne and Richard Webbe) to Bishop Bonner on 1 May 1555 (1563, p. 1166;1570, p. 1777; 1576, p. 1518; 1583, pp. 1601-02).

In a letter to Bishop Bonner, John Kingston said that the 'lord of Oxford' was one of the commissioners who confiscated the lands and goods of 22 accused heretics. 1563, p. 1564 [recte 1576].

On 29 August 1557 an indenture was made between several lords and justices and John Kingston concerning the delivery of 22 prisoners from Colchester. De Vere was one of the persecutors named in the indenture. 1563, p. 1565, 1570, p. 2157, 1576, p. 1864, 1583, p. 1975 [incorrectly marked as 1971]

John Cornet was sent before the earl of Oxford, who ordered that he be held in chains and finger irons that made the tips of his fingers burst. 1570, p. 2287, 1576, p.1974 [incorrectly numbered as 1938], 1583, p. 2081.

Cornet was sent to Bonner but later ordered by the earl of Oxford to return to Rough-hedge to be whipped and then banished from the town forever. 1570, p. 2287, 1576, p.1974 [incorrectly numbered as 1938], 1583, p. 2081.

(1527 - 1608)

Mathematician, astronomer and astrologer. [DNB]

Dee is described by Foxe as a 'great coniurer' to whom Philpot was sent, shortly before Philpot's martyrdom. 1563, p. 1445, 1570, p. 1999. This is removed from the 1576 and 1583 editions.

On 29 May 1555, the privy council ordered Sir Francis Englefield to apprehend John Dee and to search for books and papers concerning him. 1583, pp. 1577-78.

On 5 June 1555 the privy council ordered that Cary, John Dee, John Field and Benger should be examined about their confessions concerning the practice of conjuring. 1583, p. 1581.

On 7 June the privy council ordered that Cary, Dee, Field and Benger be examined again about conjuring and witchcraft. 1583, p. 1581.

On 29 August 1555, Dee and Cary were released on bond. 1583, p. 1581.

Robert Smith was examined by John Dee, Harpsfield and Bonner on eucharistic doctrine. 1563, p. 1252, 1570, p. 1870, 1576, p. 1601, 1583, p. 1691.

Robert Smith was again examined before Bonner, Mordant and Dee. 1563, p. 1255, 1570, p. 1872, 1576, p. 1603, 1583, p. 1692.

Philpot's seventh examination on 19 November 1555 was before Bonner; Rochester, chancellor of Lichfield; Chadsey and John Dee. 1563, pp. 1412-16, 1570, pp. 1978-80, 1576, pp. 1702-05, 1583, pp. 1810-12.

In Philpot's seventh examination, John Dee is referred to as Master Dee in 1563 and 1570 and then as Doctor Dee in 1576 and 1583. 1563, pp. 1412-16, 1570, pp. 1978-80, 1576, pp. 1702-05, 1583, pp. 1810-12.

In Philpot's eleventh examination, John Dee is referred to as a 'great conjurer' in 1563 and 1570. The reference is removed in 1576 and 1583. 1563, pp. 1425-34, 1570, pp. 1986-92, 1576, pp. 1710-15, 1583, pp. 1817-22.

In the letter exhibited by Bonner about Bartlett Green, reference is made to John Dee and Feckenham. 1563, pp. 1444-45, 1570, p. 1999, 1576, pp. 1721-22, 1583, p. 1828.

In a letter that was never delivered, Green told Philpot of his presentment on 17 November before Bonner and two bishops, Master Dean, Roper, Welch, John Harpsfield, and two or three others. Dr Dale, Master George Mordant and Master Dee [not listed here as Dr] were also there. 1563, p. 1460, 1570, p. 2023, 1576, p. 1744, 1583, p. 1852.

Bartlett Green met with John Dee, who was very friendly to him. 1563, p. 1462, 1570, p. 2024, 1576, p. 1744, 1583, p. 1853.

[Foxe refers to Dee as 'D.' in the 1576 and 1583 editions. This is discussed in Julian Roberts, 'Bibliographical Aspects of John Foxe' in David Loades (ed.), John Foxe and the English Reformation (Aldershot, 1999), pp. 36-37 and 49].

[Also referred to as 'John D']

Servant to Stephen Green, shoemaker. Of Ipswich.

John Deersley fled Ipswich for fear of persecution. 1576, p. 1981, 1583, p. 2089.

(d. 1555)

Gentleman from Maidstone in Kent. Martyr.

John Denley was apprehended. 1563, pp. 1244-45, 1570, p. 1864 , 1576, p. 1596, 1583, p. 1683.

Denley sent a letter to John Symson, Ardeley and others in prison. 1563, p. 1246, 1570, p. 1865, 1576, p. 1597, 1583, p. 1684.

Articles were presented against him which he answered. 1563, pp. 1246-47, 1570, pp. 186566 , 1576, pp. 1597-98, 1583, p. 1684-85.

On 1 July 1555 he appeared at the consistory court of St Paul's and was condemned on 5 July. 1563, p. 1249, 1570, p. 1867, 1576, p. 1597-8, 1583, p. 1685.

Robert Smith was held in a chamber at Bonner's house while Bonner went to condemn John Denley and John Newman. 1563, p. 1252, 1570, p. 1870, 1576, p. 1601, 1583, p. 1691.

Denley sang a psalm at his burning, for which Story rebuked him. He was burned at Uxbridge about 28 July 1555. 1563, p. 1249, 1570, p. 1867, 1576, p. 1598, 1583, p. 1686.

(d. 1556)

Of Essex. Of unknown occupation.

John Denny was examined by Michael Dunning, chancellor of Norwich and Mings the registrar of the town of Beccles.1563, p. 1521, 1570, p. 2092, 1576, p. 1793, 1583, p. 1912.

Foxe records the articles against him. 1563, p. 1521, 1570, pp. 2092-93, 1576, p. 1793, 1583, p. 1912.

John Denny was burned on 21 May 1556 with Edmund Pole and Thomas Spicer. 1563, p. 1521, 1570, p. 2093, 1576, p. 1793, 1583, p. 1912.

(1506? - 1556)

Labourer. Martyr. Of Rettendon, Essex.

John Derifall was called before Lord Rich and Master Mildmay of Chelmsford, who sent him to Bonner to be examined. 1563, p. 1523, 1570, p. 2096, 1576, p. 1808, 1583, p. 1914.

On 6 June 1556 Darbyshire, Bonner's chancellor, read articles against him (essentially the same as those against Thomas Whittle), which he answered. 1563, p. 1524, 1570, p. 2095, 1576, p. 1808, 1583, p. 1914.

He signed a letter written with his fellow sufferers that berated Feckenham for preaching against them on 14 June 1556. 1563, pp. 1526-27, 1570, p. 2097, 1576, pp. 1809-10, 1583, p. 1916.

He was imprisoned at Newgate and burned at Stratford-le-Bow on 27 June 1556. 1563, p. 1525, 1570, p. 2097, 1576, p. 1808, 1583, p. 1916.

(d. 1534) [ODNB sub Elizabeth Barton]

Monk of Christ Church, Canterbury; follower of Eizabeth Barton (Joan of Kent); hanged for treason with her

John Dering was executed for treason. 1570, p. 1199; 1576, p. 1026; 1583, p. 1055.

Martyr. Of unknown occupation. Of London.

John Devenish was examined by Bonner on 19 March 1557. 1570, p. 2231, 1576, p. 1926, 1583, p. 2034.

He gave answers to articles against him. 1570, p. 2231, 1576, pp. 1926-27, 1583, p. 2034.

He was burned at Smithfield on 28 March 1558. 1570, p. 2231, 1576, p. 1927, 1583, p. 2034.

of St Giles without Cripplegate; charged in 1541 with singing against the mass [Fines]

John Dictier was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1378; 1576, p. 1175; 1583, p. 1204.

Student of Corpus Christi, Oxford; Dalaber's account of Garrard's doings in Oxford makes Diet a central figure [Fines]

After Thomas Garrard's arrest and escape, Anthony Dalaber went to see John Diet and Nicholas Udall, his 'faithful brethren'. 1563, p. 606; 1570, p. 1367; 1576, p. 1166; 1583, p. 1195.

Those suspected of heresy at Oxford at the time of the trial of Thomas Garrard and Anthony Dalaber included John Clerk, Henry Sumner, William Bettes, John Taverner, Radley, Nicholas Udall, John Diet, William Eden, John Langport, John Salisbury and Robert Ferrar. 1563, p. 609; 1570, p. 1369; 1576, p. 1168; 1583, p. 1197.

Warden of grey friars

John Dillidaffe was one of those who, with Bishop Beaton, persecuted Patrick Hamilton. 1570, p. 1108; 1576, p. 947; 1583, p. 974.

of St Alban's parish; charged as sacramentary in 1541 [Fines]

John Dixe was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1376; 1576, p. 1174; 1583, p. 1202.

Of Mendlesham.

John Doncon was persecuted by John Tyrrel and forced to flee Mendlesham. 1563, p. 1522, 1570, p. 2093, 1576, p. 1806, 1583, p. 1912.

Witness received by king's commission in 1549

A king's commission examined Edmund Bonner in 1549. Finding Bonner's answers to the articles put to him to be unsatisfactory, the commissioners received witnesses against him: John Cheke, Henry Markham, John Joseph, John Douglas and Richard Chambers.. 1563, p. 707; 1570, p. 1510; 1576, p. 1280; 1583, p. 1320.

Possibly a constable. OF Frittenden, Kent.

Sir John Baker sent John Dove, Thomas Best, Thomas Linley, Percival Barber, John Tailor and Thomas Henden to the Allins' home to make an inventory of their goods. 1570, p. 2165, 1576, p. 1870, 1583, p. 1979.

Franciscan prior of the White Friars, Calais; Adam Damplip was given permission to preach at the church of the Whitefriars, until the prior objected [Lisle Letters]

John Dove initially preached against the teachings of Adam Damplip, but then planned to work to get him charged. He sent letters to the clergy in England. 1563, p. 657; 1570, p. 1401; 1576, p. 1194; 1583, p. 1224.

Rector of the parish of Rayleigh, Essex

Foxe prints a copy of a commission, issued by Bishop Bonner, divorcing Draper from his wife Joan Gold, in 1563, p. 931. Foxe relates in subsequent editions that Draper and Gold were divorced, but he does not print the actual document (1570, p. 1591; 1576, p. 1358; 1583, p. 1428).

Of Carmarthen

John Draper was one of Robert Ferrar's adversaries. Ferrar charged that Draper improperly examined witnesses against him. 1563, p. 1085; 1583, p. 1550.

(d. before 1570)

Justice. Of Smarden, Kent.

Drayner disliked Gregory Dods, the parson of Smarden, and sent Roger Matthew to spy on him. 1563, p. 1730, 1576, p. 2002, 1583, p. 2112.

Drayner sent Dods before justice George Dorell, who banished him from the country. . 1563, p. 1730, 1576, p. 2002, 1583, p. 2112.

Drayner drilled holes in the rood loft of the church to see who venerated the sacrament. This was discovered and he became nicknamed 'Justice Nine Holes' . 1563, p. 1730, 1576, p. 2002, 1583, p. 2113.

Drayner went to see the printer John Day and verbally attacked him for his portrayal in Foxe's work. Day derided him by calling him Justice Nine Holes and saying that he knew that Drayner had denied his real reason for drilling the holes. Drainer was alleged to have claimed in Cheapside to have drilled the holes to look on women. Drayner denied drilling all the holes and said that the parson drilled some also. . 1563, p. 1730, 1576, p. 2002, 1583, p. 2113.

[Despite Drayner's requests while alive, Foxe did not remove the story from the Acts and Monuments, even after his death.]

(1502? - 1553)

Duke of Northumberland (DNB)

John Dudley, the Duke of Northumberland brought about the death of the Duke of Somerset because Somerset blocked his ambitions. His execution under Mary is described as a providential punishment for this crime; as Northumberland was being led to the Tower, a woman waved a handkerchief at him which was splattered with Somerset's blood (Rerum, p. 214).

Foxe strongly implies that Northumberland poisoned Edward VI (Rerum, p. 214).

Sir Ralph Fane executed (only) because he had angered Northumberland (Rerum, p. 214).

Foxe comments darkly that the workings of Jane Grey's marriage to Guildford Dudley and of Edward VI's death were mysterious (Rerum, p. 232).

[NB: All of the above references to Dudley, quoted from the Rerum, were never printed in the Actes and Monuments.]

Northumberland sent a letter to Thomas Cranmer, dated 23 July 1550, asking that John Hooper be consecrated without having to swear the customary oath (1570, p. 1676; 1576, p. 1403 [recte 1430], 1583, p. 1504).

He was sent by the Privy Council to take the field against Princess Mary (1563, p. 901; 1570, p. 1568; 1576, p. 1337; and 1583, p. 1407; cf. Rerum, p. 233).

He was a signatory to a letter from the Privy Council to Princess Mary, dated 9 July 1553, stating that she was illegitimate and that Jane Grey was Edward VI's true heir (1570, p. 1568; 1576, p. 1337; 1583, pp. 1406-7).

He fatally delayed in attacking Mary, allowing her to gather support (1570, p. 1569; 1576, p. 1338; and 1583, p. 1407).

Northumberland, abandoned by his supporters, was captured at Cambridge (1563, p. 902: 1570, p. 1569; 1576, p. 1338; and 1583, p. 1407).

Foxe repeats his statement that Northumberland was apprehended and brought to the Tower by Henry Fitzalan, the Earl of Arundel, on 15 July 1553 (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1394; 1583, p. 1465).

He was arraigned and condemned of treason on 18 August 1553, the Duke of Norfolk presiding over the trial (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1394; 1583, p. 1465).

He heard Mass within the Tower and received the Sacrament there in one kind (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1395; 1583, p. 1465).

He was condemned to death and recanted and attended Mass in the hope of a pardon; his recantation was documented widely by the Catholics (1563, p. 902; 1570, p. 1569; 1576, p. 1338; and 1583, p. 1407-8).

[NB: Foxe ameliorates this slightly in 1570 et seq. by stating that Dudley was definitely offered a pardon. In 1563, Foxe was uncertain about this.]

Northumberland executed (1563, p. 902; 1570, p. 1569; 1576, p. 1338; 1583, p. 1408).

Northumberland was beheaded on 22 August 1553 on Tower Hill (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1395; 1583, p. 1464).

Earl of Warwick; eldest son of the Duke of Northumberland (Complete Peerage)

Committed to the Tower with his father (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1394; 1583, p. 1465).

Arraigned and condemned for treason on 18 August 1553 along with his father and the Marques of Northampton (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1395; 1583, p. 1465).

(1502? - 1553)

Duke of Northumberland (1551 - 1553). Eldest son of Edmund Dudley, councillor to Henry VIII, and Elizabeth Grey. [DNB]

John Dudley, the duke of Northumberland, brought about the death of the duke of Somerset because Somerset blocked his ambitions. His execution under Mary is described as a providential punishment for this crime; as Northumberland was being led to the Tower, a woman waved a handkerchief at him which was splattered with Somerset's blood. Rerum, p. 214.

Foxe strongly implies that Northumberland poisoned Edward VI. Rerum, p. 214.

Sir Ralph Fane was executed (only) because he had angered Northumberland. Rerum, p. 214.

Foxe comments darkly that the workings of Jane Grey's marriage to Guildford Dudley and of Edward VI's death were mysterious. Rerum, p. 232.

[NB: All of the above references to Dudley, quoted from the Rerum, were never printed in the Actes and Monuments.]

Northumberland sent a letter to Thomas Cranmer, dated 23 July 1550, asking that John Hooper be consecrated without having to swear the customary oath. 1570, p. 1676; 1576, p. 1403 [recte 1430], 1583, p. 1504.

He was sent by the privy council to take the field against Princess Mary (1563, p. 901; 1570, p. 1568; 1576, p. 1337; and 1583, p. 1407; cf. Rerum, p. 233).

He was a signatory to a letter from the privy council to Princess Mary, dated 9 July 1553, stating that she was illegitimate and that Jane Grey was Edward VI's true heir (1570, p. 1568; 1576, p. 1337; 1583, pp. 1406-7).

He fatally delayed in attacking Mary, allowing her to gather support (1570, p. 1569; 1576, p. 1338; and 1583, p. 1407).

Northumberland, abandoned by his supporters, was captured at Cambridge (1563, p. 902: 1570, p. 1569; 1576, p. 1338; and 1583, p. 1407).

Foxe repeats his statement that Northumberland was apprehended and brought to the Tower by Henry Fitzalan, the earl of Arundel, on 15 July 1553 (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1394; 1583, p. 1465).

He was arraigned and condemned of treason on 18 August 1553, the duke of Norfolk presiding over the trial (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1394; 1583, p. 1465).

He heard mass within the Tower and received the sacrament there in one kind (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1395; 1583, p. 1465).

He was condemned to death and recanted and attended mass in the hope of a pardon; his recantation was documented widely by the catholics (1563, p. 902; 1570, p. 1569; 1576, p. 1338; and 1583, p. 1407-8).

[NB: Foxe ameliorates this slightly in 1570 et seq. by stating that Dudley was definitely offered a pardon. In 1563, Foxe was uncertain about this.]

The dukes of Northumberland and Suffolk were executed for their support of Lady Jane Grey. 1563, p. 1474 [recte 1472], 1570, p. 2046, 1576, p. 1764, 1583, p. 1871.

Thomas Cranmer was accused of conspiring with John Dudley, duke of Northumberland. 1563, p. 1483, 1570, p. 2058, 1576, p. 1755, 1583, p. 1881.

Northumberland was executed (1563, p. 902; 1570, p. 1569; 1576, p. 1338; 1583, p. 1408).

Northumberland was beheaded on 22 August 1553 on Tower Hill (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1395; 1583, p. 1464).

(1504 - 1553) [ODNB]

Viscount Lisle (1542 - 47); earl of Warwick (1547 - 51), lord great chamberlain

Duke of Northumberland 1551; lord president of the privy council (1550 - 52); led support for Lady Jane Grey; executed

Dudley, Lord Lisle, was one of the questioners at the second examination of Anne Askew in 1546. 1563, p. 683; 1570, p. 1417; 1576, p. 1208; 1583, p. 1237.

He was a signatory to a letter from the council to Nicholas Ridley, directing him to remove and destroy all altars within the churches of his diocese and install communion tables. 1563, p. 727; 1570, pp. 1519-20; 1576, p. 1288; 1583, p. 1331.

Dudley was a signatory to a letter of commission against Stephen Gardiner. 1563, p. 777.

Following the taking of the city of Norwich by the Norfolk rebels, John Dudley, earl of Warwick, was sent with an army. The rebels were defeated and their leaders executed. 1570, p. 1500; 1576, p. 1271; 1583, p. 1308.

After Dudley's return from Norfolk, he fell into dispute with Edward Seymour. He and other dissatisfied nobles met together to plan to remove the king from the Lord Protector. 1570, p. 1545; 1576, p. 1317; 1583, p. 1367.

Dudley was one of the signatories to the proclamation against Edward Seymour calling for his removal. 1570, p. 1547; 1576, p. 1318; 1583, p. 1368.

He was one of the signatories to the letter to the lord mayor and common council of London from the lords opposing Edward Seymour. 1570, p. 1547; 1576, p. 1319; 1583, p. 1369.

Seymour was imprisoned for the second time in 1551 and charged with treason and felony. He was acquitted of treason, but condemned for felony, intending the death of John Dudley, duke of Northumberland, and others. 1570, p. 1549; 1576, p. 1321; 1583, p. 1371.

After Stephen Gardiner had been in the Tower for nearly a year, Sir William Paulet and Sir William Petre, the earl of Warwick and Sir William Herbert delivered the king's letters to him. 1563, pp. 761-62; 1570, pp. 1529-30; 1576, p. 1304; 1583, p. 1354.

Edward Seymour, John Russell, John Dudley and Sir William Petre visited Stephen Gardiner in the Tower at various times to attempt to get him to accept the king's reforms. 1563, pp. 766; 1570, p. 1532; 1576, p. 1306; 1583, p. 1356.

Dudley was a deponent in the case of Stephen Gardiner. 1563, pp. 822-24

Landlord of an alehouse in London.

Members of a surreptitious protestant group resided at Dudman's alehouse, according to Stephen Morris's confession. 1563, p. 1652, 1570, p. 2230, 1576, p. 1926, 1583, p. 2033.

of St Owen's parish in Newgate Street; charged in 1541 for marrying a woman thought to be a nun [Fines]

John Duffet was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1377; 1576, p. 1175; 1583, p. 1203.

John Twyford, who had a grudge against Thomas Merial, brought together a group of men, plied them with wine, and had them give evidence against him. John Duffild was one of these. 1570, p. 1440; 1583, p. 1257.

(c. 1265 - 1308 [ODNB]

Scottish Franciscan friar; theologian. Studied and taught at Oxford, Cambridge and Paris; DTh Paris 1305. One of the friars who supported Philip IV against Boniface VIII over taxation of the French clergy.

John Dun Scotus wrote on transubstantiation. 1570, p. 1314, 1576, p. 1124, 1583, p. 1149.

of Speen, Hertfordshire [Fines]

John Eaton was accused of refusing to look at the sacrament and criticising church bells. 1570, p. 1119; 1576, p. 958; 1583, p. 985.

(1486 - 1543)

German catholic theologian, the most influential and authoritative opponent of Martin Luther. Luther refers to him in 1570, p. 2307, 1576, p. 1997, 1583, p. 2107. The death of Eck is referred to in John Carion's Chronicles and referred to by Foxe in 1570, p. 2307, 1576, p. 1997, 1583, p. 2107.

(d. in or before 1544) [ODNB]

College head. DTh Cambridge 1519/20

John Edmunds was one of the subscribers to the Bishops' Book. 1570, p. 1212; 1576, p. 1037; 1583, p. 1064.

of St Giles without Cripplegate; charged in 1541 with despising holy bread and holy water

John Edmunds was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1378; 1576, p. 1175; 1583, p. 1204.

Witness against James Bainham in 1532

At James Bainham's last examination, John Edwards testified against him. 1563, p. 498; 1570, p. 1171; 1576, p. 1001; 1583, p. 1029.

(d. 1555) [ODNB sub John Erskine, 17th or 1st earl of Mar]

5th Lord Erskine; one of the lords charged with the custody of the young James V; ambassador and councillor; guardian of the infant Mary Queen of Scots, accompanied her to France in 1548

John Erskine sat on the assize that condemned Sir John Borthwick for heresy. 1563, p. 575; 1583, p. 1259.

Chaplain to Robert Ferrar; vicar of Carew [Andrew J. Brown, Robert Ferrar (London, 1997), p. 227]

John Evans was collated by Robert Ferrar to the vicarage of Penbryn in Cardiganshire, allegedly in violation of royal rights of patronage to this benefice. 1563, pp. 1085, 1088-89 and 1094; 1583, pp. 1544, 1547 and 1551.

Miller. Husband of Ellen Ewring. Of Colchester.

Ellen Ewring was returned to her husband after being indicted for heresy in Colchester. She remained at home for a brief period but then met with Robert Mainard, the bailiff of Colchester, who kissed her and welcomed her home. She told him she knew he had given her a Judas kiss, and she was arrested again and sent to the Mote-hall. 1570, p. 2159, 1576, p. 1865, 1583, p. 1974.

John Failes delivered a letter by Sir Nicholas Hare to Edmond Tyrrell. 1563, p. 1245, 1570, p. 1864, 1576, p. 1596, 1583, p. 1683.

of Colchester [Fines]

John Fairstead was charged in London in 1531 for speaking against images. 1570, p. 1187; 1576, p. 1016; 1583, p. 1044.

(fl. 1485)

Of Coventry.

John Falkes was accused of heresy. 1563, p. 1739.

(d. 1560)

Rector of St Margaret Lothbury, London (1554 - 1560) [Newcourt I, p. 401].

Farthing visited James Trevisam on his deathbed in July 1555. Initially all went well, but afterwards a person named Toller informed Farthing that Trevisam's beliefs about the sacrament of the altar were unorthodox. Farthing re-visited Trevisam and examined him about this. Trevisam refused to conform to Farthing's views. Trevisam reported this to Bishop Bonner of London who ordered that Trevisam not receive Christian burial. 1570, p. 1843, 1576, p. 1577, 1583, p. 1665.

(d. 1580)

Born in Sedbergh, Yorkshire. [Venn]

John Bland was once tutor to Dr Faucet. 1563, p. 1227, 1570, p. 1850, 1576, p. 1582, 1583, p. 1670.

Faucet stated that he was brought up in the same house and born in the same parish as Bland, and then warned him not to take a stand against the church. Bland dismissed him. 1563, p. 1226, 1570, p. 1849, 1576, p. 1582 1583, 1583, p. 1670.

He took part in Thornden's examination of Bland. 1563, p. 1225, 1570, p. 1849, 1576, p. 1582, 1583, p. 1670.

Bland was given the chance to talk to Faucet in private if he wished. 1563, p. 1226, 1570, p. 1850, 1576, p. 1583, 1583, p. 1671.

William Hopper was examined before Nicholas Harpsfield, Thornden, Richard Thornden, Faucet and Robert Collins; he answered and was condemned. 1563, p. 1249, 1570, p. 1867, 1576, p. 1598, 1583, p. 1688.

Henry Lawrence was examined before Nicholas Harpsfield, Thornden, Richard Thornden, Faucet and Robert Collins; he answered and was condemned. 1563, p. 1249, 1570, p. 1867, 1576, p. 1598, 1583, p. 1688.

William Sterne was examined before Nicholas Harpsfield, Richard Thornden, Faucet, and Robert Collins; he answered and was condemned. 1563, p. 1250, 1570, p. 1868, 1576, p. 1599, 1583, p. 1688.

Richard Wright was examined before Nicholas Harpsfield, Thornden, bishop of Dover, Faucet and Robert Collins; he answered and was condemned. 1563, p. 1249, 1570, p. 1867, 1576, p. 1598, 1583, p. 1688.

William Cokar was examined before Nicholas Harpsfield, Richard Thornden, Faucet, and Robert Collins; he answered and was condemned. 1563, p. 1249, 1570, p. 1867, 1576, p. 1598, 1583, p. 1688.

Faucet was judge at the examination of John Lomas, Agnes Snotten, Anne Albright, Joan Sole, and Joan Catmer. 1563, p. 1470, 1570, p. 2032, 1576, p. 1751, 1583, p. 1859.

[Note that for the examinations of Hopper, Lawrence, Sterne, Wright, and Cokar, he is listed as 'Rich. Faucet'.]

John Fauconer berated Richard Woodman, saying that he was no angel (an accusation had been made by parishioners that he had said he was an angel). 1570, p. 2171, 1576, p. 1875, 1583, p. 1984.

(1518? - 1585)

Dean of St Paul's. Last abbot of Westminster. [DNB]

Feckenham was made dean of St Paul's on Midsummer's Day, 1554. 1563, p. 1151; 1570, pp. 1636 and 1760; 1576, pp. 1396 and 1551 [recte 1503]; 1583, pp. 1467 and 1587

He conversed with Thomas Hawkes in June 1554 trying to persuade him to recant. 1563, pp. 1153-54; 1570, p. 1762; 1576, p. 1505; 1583, pp. 1588-89

In the letter exhibited by Bonner about Bartlett Green, reference was made to John Dee and Feckenham. 1563, pp. 1444-45, 1570, p. 1999, 1576, pp. 1721-22, 1583, p. 1828.

Feckenham traveled to Colchester with Bishop Bonner to try to win Thomas Causton and Thomas Higbed back to catholicism. 1563, p. 1104; 1570, p. 1716; 1576, p. 1465; 1583, p. 1539.

He tried to persuade Hooper to recant after he was condemned on 29 January 1555. The effort was unsuccessful but false rumors spread that Hooper had recanted. 1563, p. 1057; 1570, p. 1680; 1576, p. 1434; 1583, p. 1507.

Feckenham was one of those who presided over an examination of Thomas Tomkins on 9 February 1555. 1570, p. 1712; 1576, p. 1461; 1583, p. 1535.

He was one of those who examined first Thomas Causton, and then Thomas Higbed, in Bonner's palace on 8 March 1555. 1563, p. 1105; 1570, p. 1718; 1576, p. 1466; 1583, p. 1540.

He wrote a ballad, Caveat emptor , on the subject of the restoration of monastic lands. 1570, p. 1729; 1576, p. 1497; 1583, p. 1559.

Feckenham received a letter from William Paulet. 1563, p. 1239, 1570, p. 1860, 1576, p. 1592, 1583, p. 1680.

He discussed eucharistic doctrine with Bartlett Green. 1563, pp. 1463-64, 1570, pp. 2025-26, 1576, p. 1746, 1583, p. 1854.

Feckenham claimed that Green was converted by Peter Martyr's lectures and that Zwingli, Luther, Oecolampadius and Carolostadius could never agree doctrine. 1563, pp. 1463-64, 1570, pp. 2025-26,, 1576, p. 1746, 1583, p. 1854.

[In a letter that was never delivered] Bartlett Green told John Philpot of his presentment on 17 November before Bonner and two bishops, Master Dean, Roper, Welch, John Harpsfield, and two or three others. 1563, p. 1460, 1570, p. 2023, 1576, p. 1744, 1583, p. 1852.

A letter by the thirteen prisoners reproaching Feckenham for his slander dated Feckenham's sermon as 14 June 1556. 1563, pp. 1526-27, 1570, p. 2097, 1576, pp. 1809-10, 1583, p. 1916.

Feckenham spoke up in defence of John Cheke. 1570, p. 2141, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1955.

(b .1516?)

Father of a child martyr. Of unknown occupation. Of Clerkenwell.

John Fetty was complained of to the priest of his parish, who was named Brokenbury, by Fetty's own wife for not going to church. 1563, p. 1693, 1570, p. 2257, 1576, p. 1948, 1583, p. 2055.

He was taken by Richard Tanner and his fellow constables to Sir John Mordaunt who then sent him to Cluney, Bonner's summoner. 1563, p. 1693, 1570, p. 2257, 1576, p. 1949, 1583, p. 2056.

He was put in the stocks and remained in prison for 15 days prior to his son's visit to Bonner's house. 1563, p. 1693, 1570, p. 2257, 1576, p. 1949, 1583, p. 2056.

Fetty chided Bonner for his rosary and crucifix. 1563, p. 1693, 1570, p. 2257, 1576, p. 1949, 1583, p. 2056.

Bonner decided to release Fetty and his son, for fear of reproach for the treatment of the boy. 1563, p. 1693, 1570, p. 2257, 1576, p. 1949, 1583, p. 2056.

(1520 - 1587)

Mathematician and astronomer [DNB]

On 5 June 1555 the privy council ordered that Cary, John Dee, John Field and Benger should be examined about their confessions concerning the practice of conjuring. 1583, p. 1581.

On 7 June the privy council ordered that Cary, Dee, Field and Benger be examined again about conjuring and witchcraft. 1583, p. 1581.

Of unknown occupation. Of Ipswich.

John Finn's wife was said by Philip Williams, John Steward and Matthew Butler not to have taken the sacrament. 1576, p. 1981, 1583, p. 2089.

(d. 1557)

Of unknown occupation. Martyr. Of Headcorn, Kent.

John Fishcock was burned with six others at Canterbury on 19 June 1557. 1563, p. 1571, 1570, p. 2167, 1576, p. 1872, 1583, p. 1980.

[Denied the Real Presence under examination but had difficulty in explaining his beliefs and asked for guidance and instruction from his examiners. See BL, Harley 421, dos.101r-103r.]

(1459 - 1535)

Vice-chancellor of Cambridge University (1501 - 1504). Chancellor of Cambridge University (1504). Bishop of Rochester (1504 - 1535). (DNB)

Equivalences are drawn between the deaths of Northumberland and Thomas More, and of Fisher and Cranmer. 1563, p. 1499, 1570, p. 2064, 1576, p. 1781, 1583, p. 1885.

John Fisher was executed on Tower Hill for rejecting the royal supremacy. 1570, p. 2300, 1576, p. 1991. 1583, p. 2101.

(c. 1469 - 1535) [ODNB]

Vice-chancellor of Cambridge University (1501 - 1504); chancellor of Cambridge University (1504); bishop of Rochester (1504 - 34); cardinal; martyr

John Fisher preached a sermon at the penance of Robert Barnes. 1563, p. 602; 1570, p. 1365; 1576, p. 1165; 1583, p. 1193.

Fisher preached a sermon against Luther in 1526. 1563, p. 436; 1570, p. 1129; 1576, p. 967; 1583, pp. 993-94.

Thomas Wolsey, William Warham, Cuthbert Tunstall, John Fisher, Nicholas West, John Veysey, John Longland, John Clerk and Henry Standish took part in the examination of Thomas Bilney and Thomas Arthur in 1527-28. 1563, pp. 461-78; 1570, pp. 1134-46; 1576, pp. 971-81; 1583, pp. 998-1008.

John Fisher was one of the chief advocates for Queen Catherine before the papal legates considering the matter of the divorce. 1563, p. 458; 1570, p. 1194; 1576, p. 1023; 1583, p. 1051.

Fisher protested in parliament in 1530 about the proposed bill relating to the probate of testaments, saying it would mean the ruin of the church. 1570, p. 1131; 1576, p. 968; 1583, p. 995.

Thomas Hitten was imprisoned by Archbishop Warham and Bishop Fisher, tortured and then burnt at Maidstone. 1570, p. 1134; 1576, p. 971; 1583, pp. 997-98.

The bishop of Rochester said that angels were ministers to the souls in purgatory. 1570, p. 1156; 1576, p. 990; 1583, p. 1017.

Fisher wrote against Johann Oecolampadius and Luther. He was a persecutor of John Frith. He and Sir Thomas More had Frith burnt. 1570, p. 1216; 1576, p. 1042; 1583, p. 1068.

Fisher was associated with Elizabeth Barton (Joan of Kent). He was convicted of misprision of treason, had his goods confiscated and was imprisoned. 1570, p. 1199; 1576, p. 1026; 1583, p. 1055.

John Fisher, Sir Thomas More and Nicholas Wilson refused to swear an oath on the king's supremacy and were imprisoned in the Tower. Fisher and More were executed. 1570, pp. 1200, 1216; 1576, pp. 1028, 1042; 1583, pp. 1056, 1068.

The pope promoted John Fisher to cardinal, but Fisher was executed before he could be elevated. 1570, p. 1216; 1576, p. 1042; 1583, p. 1069.

Fisher is one of the Catholic martyrs written of by Nicholas Harpsfield. 1570, p. 1375; 1576, p. 1173; 1583, p. 1201.

BA Oxford 1525; room-mate of Anthony Dalaber; shared a room with him for the night at St Alban's Hall in 1528 [Fines]

Anthony Dalaber had spent the night after the escape of Thomas Garrard with his old room-mate John Fitzjames. When Dalaber was examined by Anthony Dunstan, he was not believed. 1563, p. 607; 1570, p. 1368; 1576, p. 1167; 1583, p. 1195.

(d. 1558)

Martyr. Of unknown occupation. Of London.

John Floyd was apprehended in Islington and appeared before Bonner on 14 June 1558. 1563, p. 1659, 1570, p. 2235, 1576, p. 1930, 1583, p. 2037.

Articles against him were administered and answers given. 1563, pp. 1559-61, 1570, pp. 2235-36, 1576, p. 2235, 1583, p. 2037.

He was condemned by Bonner. 1563, p. 1561, 1570, p. 2235, 1576, p. 1930, 1583, p. 2037.

He was burned at Smithfield on 27 June 1558. 1563, p. 1561, 1570, p. 2235, 1576, p. 1930, 1583, p. 2039.

Student at the Inner Temple

John Ford supplied Foxe with deeds purporting to show the acceptance of clerical marriage and the right of their wives and children to inherit. 1570, pp. 1135-37; 1576, pp. 1139-41; 1583, pp. 1168-69.

Soldier of Calais

Richard Thorpe and John Ford accused John Butler of speaking heresy. 1570, p. 1403; 1576, p. 1196; 1583, p. 1226.

(d. 1556)

Martyr. Of unknown occupation and origin.

John Foreman was burned at Grinstead in Sussex on 18 July 1556. 1563, p. 1545, 1570, p. 2134, 1576, p. 1855, 1583, p. 1949.