Canon of Worcester

John Davis was visited by Henry Jolliffe and N. Yewer (both canons), who had in their possession his writings against the Six Articles and a ballad by him, to see if he admitted writing them, which he did. 1570, p. 2277, 1583, p. 2073.

One of the three condemned along with John Grey on 20 February 1554 (1570, p. 1637; 1576, p. 1397; 1583, p. 1467).

C2 Roman athlete [D. Quinn, sub Commodus www.roman-emperors.org]

He was recruited in an orchestrated plot to assassinate Emperor Commodus; he strangled Commodus in his bath in 192

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 39; 1576, p. 31; 1583, p. 31.

C2-3 bishop of Jerusalem

Narcissus supported the position of Pope Victor I in celebrating Easter on a Sunday. 1570, p. 82; 1576, p. 56; 1583, p. 53.

Narcissus was an very old man, and Alexander was brought in to assist him. 1570, p. 80; 1576, p. 55; 1583, p. 54.

Antipope c. 200; later reconciled, submitted to Pope Zephyrinus [Kelly]

Natalius had suffered persecution, but joined with Aselepodotus, Theodotus the Tanner and Theodotus the Money Changer and agreed to lead a separate sect. He repented and was reinstated by Zephyrinus. 1570, p. 86; 1576, p. 59; 1583, p. 59.

(d. 732) [ODNB]

King of the Picts (706 - 24, 729); succeeded brother Brude

Sought instruction from Ceolfrith of Wearmouth and Jarrow on coming into line with Roman practice

Ceolfrith wrote to him, advising on the Roman practice of Easter and on priests' tonsure. As a result of the letter, a proclamation was made and all priests and monks had their heads shaved according to the English custom. 1570, pp. 168-69; 1576, pp. 127-28; 1583, p. 126.

C3 Christian bishops or priests condemned to the mines

They received a letter from Cyprian of Carthage. 1570, p. 95; 1576, p. 66; 1583, p. 66.

Martyrs in Africa under Decius, according to Bede.

They are mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 92; 1576, p. 64; 1583, p. 64.

C3 Egyptian martyr under Decius at Alexandria

Nemesion was tortured and then burnt. 1570, p. 90; 1576, p. 62; 1583, p. 62.

d. 258; one of seven deacons of Rome under Sixtus II; martyred with him

Nemesius was beheaded with Sixtus II. 1570, p. 101; 1576, p. 71; 1583, p. 71.

Legendary son of Symphorissa; martyr

Nemesius was racked and stabbed in the heart. 1570, p. 69; 1576, p. 46; 1583, pp. 45-46.

Early Christian martyrs; legendary Roman soldier converts [Catholic Encyclopedia]

They are mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 65; 1576, p. 40; 1583, p. 40.

(d. 68) [D. J. Coffta www.roman-emperors.org]

Roman emperor (54 - 68); deposed, committed suicide

Nero was lecherous, murderous and cruel. He burned Rome and blamed the Christians, and was forced to commit suicide. 1570, p. 38; 1576, p. 31; 1583, p. 31

The first persecution of the Christians began under Nero. 1570, p. 42-44; 1576, pp. 34-35; 1583, pp. 34-35.

Melito of Sardis, in his Apology, refers to him, along with Domitian, as the worst persecutors of Christians. 1570, p. 75; 1576, p. 51; 1583, p. 51.

(d. 98) [D. Wend www.roman-emperors.org]

Roman emperor (96 - 98)

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 65; 1576, p. 39; 1583, p. 39.

Legendary C3 bishop of Magydos in Pamphylia; martyr

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 88; 1576, p. 61; 1583, p. 61.

Christian martyred by the people of Gaza in the reign of Julian the Apostate

Nestor was dragged through the streets and killed. 1570, p. 138, 1576, p. 100, 1583, p. 99.

(d. 828) [Gams]

Greek Orthodox theologian and historian; patriarch of Constantinople (806 - 15)

He is cited extensively by Foxe as a source in Book 1.

Byzantine emperor (802 - 11) [L. Garland www.roman-emperors.org, sub Constantine VI and Irene]

Assumed power via a group of high-ranking conspirators

Nicephorus deposed Irene and expelled her from the empire. 1570, p. 176; 1576, p. 133; 1583, p. 132.

Father of Herodes, C2 head of police in Smyrna

With his son, he tried to persuade Polycarp to sacrifice to the gods; they molested Polycarp when he refused. 1570, p. 60; 1576, p. 42; 1583, p. 42.

C3 persecutors of Christians

They are mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 97; 1576, p. 68; 1583, p. 68.

According to Nicephorus, bishop of Mirorus martyred under Licinius

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 123; 1576, p. 88; 1583, p. 88.

(1501 - 1579)

Lord Keeper (1558 - 1579); said to have acted as keeper of the privy seal at the beginning of Elizabeth's reign. (DNB)

Nicholas Bacon was a participant in the Westminster disputation of 1559. 1563, p. 1717, 1583, p. 2119.

Capper. Of Uttoxeter, Staffordshire.

Nicholas Ball was examined for his beliefs in the diocese of Lichfield by Ralph Bayne. 1563, p. 1528, 1570, p. 2098, 1576, p. 1810, 1583, p. 1917.

of St Magnus's parish; charged with 10 others in 1541 for supporting preachers of the new learning [Fines]

Nicholas Barker was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1377; 1576, p. 1175; 1583, p. 1203.

Sheriff. Of Lichfield.

Nicholas Bird was arrested for drinking from the same cup as Joyce Lewes at Lewes' martyrdom. 1563, p. 1636, 1570, p. 2221, 1576, p. 1917, 1583, p. 2024.

[Not apparently related to the Birds of Norwich or Dedham.]

Organ maker. Of Worcester.

Husband of Alice Brook and father of Oliver Brook.

Nicholas Brook's wife used their own son in a plan to feign friendship with John Davis and so gain access to Davis's writings. 1570, p. 2277, 1576, p. 1965, 1583, p. 2073.

(1512? - 1576)

BCL (1541). Bishop of Lincoln (1559 - 1571). Bishop of Worcester (1571 - 1576). (DNB)

Foxe refers to Bullingham's installation at Elizabeth's accession. 1583, p. 2128.

[His brother-in-law, Richard Hawborough, was keeper of Freeman's prison in Worcester. (Nicholls, p. 65)]

Of Winston.

Burlingham was persecuted by John Tyrrel and forced to flee Winston. 1563, p. 1522, 1570, p. 2093, 1576, p. 1806, 1583, p. 1912.

(d. 1558)

Merchant. Martyr. Of London.

On 5 November 1560 Burton was in Cadiz, when someone feigned a letter to him, asking to speak with him. 1563, p. 1728, 1570, p. 2257, 1576, p. 1949, 1583, p. 2056.

When apprehended Burton asked what charges were being made against him. 1563, p. 1728, 1570, p. 2257, 1576, p. 1949, 1583, p. 2056.

He was imprisoned in Cadiz where he instructed his fellow prisoners in the gospel in Spanish. 1563, p. 1728, 1570, p. 2258, 1576, p. 1949, 1583, p. 2056.

He was later imprisoned in the Triana in Seville. 1563, p. 1728, 1570, p. 2257, 1576, p. 1949, 1583, p. 2056.

When his goods were seized, Burton sent for his attorney, John Fronton, to come to Spain. 1563, p. 1728, 1570, p. 2258, 1576, p. 1950, 1583, p. 2056.

20 December 1558 he was brought into the city of Seville to Auto, where he was condemned and burned. 1563, p. 1728, 1570, p. 2258, 1576, p. 1950, 1583, p. 2056.

(d. 1568)

One of the original founding fellows of Trinity College, Regius Professor of Greek (1547), MD (1558). (Venn)

Nicholas Carre wrote a letter to John Cheke about Martin Bucer which was then passed on to Peter Martyr. 1563, p. 1540, 1570, p. 2145, 1576, p. 1865, 1583, p. 1957.

Scot spoke with Nicholas Carre, as a former pupil of Bucer, about the heresies of Bucer. 1563, p. 1540, 1570, p. 2145, 1576, p. 1865, 1583, p. 1957.

When the commission found no witnesses to support Bucer and Phagius, they called aside DrsYoung, Sedgwick, Bullock, Taylor, Maptide, Hunter, Parker, Redman, as well as Brown, Gogman, Rud, Johnson, Mitch, Raven and Carre. They were all commanded to give witness against Bucer and Phagius. 1563, p. 1538, 1570, p. 2147, 1576, p. 1867, 1583, p. 1958.

Carre denounced Scot's opinion of Bucer and sent Scot into a rage. Scot berated Carre for his words at Bucer's burial. 1563, p. 1540, 1570, p. 2145, 1576, p. 1865, 1583, p. 1957.

D.D. 1536 (Oxford) (See Emden, Fines)

During Latimer's disputation at Oxford in April 1554, he urged Latimer to convert back to catholicism as he had done (1563, pp. 935, 978 and 983-85; 1570, pp. 1622 and 1626; 1576, pp. 1384 and 1387; 1583, pp. 1454 and 1458).

[NB: Cartwright had supported Peter Martyr in his debate with Chedsey at Oxford on 29 May 1549. His presence in the Oxford disputations of 1554 was a deliberately symbolic action by the Marian authorities. His recantation is BL, Harley MS 421. fol. 88r.]

Nicholas Cartwright was deprived by Draycot and Bayne in 1556. 1563, p. 1548, 1570, p. 2141, 1576, p. 1861, 1583, p. 1955.

Constable of S Pierre Port, Guernsey, and jurat. [Ogier, p. 69]

Nicholas Cary informed the king's justices of a theft on the island. He assembled the justices to examine Vincent Gosset, the perpetrator. 1563, p. 1542, 1570, p. 2127, 1576, p. 1849, 1583, p. 1943.

He reported that he found the stolen cup in the house of Perotine Massey. 1563, p. 1542, 1570, p. 2127, 1576, p. 1849, 1583, p. 1943.

He took part in the examination and condemnation of Perotine Massey, Katherine Cauches and Guillemine Gilbert. 1563, pp. 1542-43, 1570, pp. 2127-28, 1576, p. 1849, 1583, p. 1943.

He was later forced to beg pardon for his involvement in the deaths of Perotine Massey, Katherine Cauches and Guillemine Gilbert. 1570, pp. 2130-31, 1576, pp. 1851-52, 1583, pp. 1945-46.

(d. 1555)

Weaver and martyr.

Nicholas Chamberlain was denounced to Bishop Bonner by the earl of Oxford and Sir Philip Paris on 1 May 1555. 1563, p. 1166; 1570, p. 1777; 1576, p. 1518; 1583, pp. 1601-02

He was examined by Bonner on 17 May 1555 and articles were presented to him. He answered the articles, denying that the church of Rome was part of the catholic church, denying transubstantiation and denying auricular confession. 1563, pp. 1167-68; 1570, pp. 1778-79; 1576, pp. 1518-19; 1583, pp. 1502-03

Bonner urged him to recant; he refused. Chamberlain was condemned on 18 May 1555 and executed at Colchester on 14 June. 1563, p. 1168; 1570, p. 1779; 1576, p. 1520; 1583, p. 1603

Robert Smith told his wife in a letter that Chamberlain was dead. 1563, pp. 1266-67, 1570, p. 1876, 1576, p. 1607, 1583, p. 1701.

(fl. 1556 - 1574)

Clothier. Alderman of Colchester (1562 - 1570).

Elizabeth Folkes was servant to Nicholas Clere. 1570, p. 2201, 1576, p. 1899, 1583, p. 2008.

[No relationship to Benjamin Clere.]

Nicholas de Lisle was mistaken by Foxe for one of the jurats who examined Perotine Massey. He was not one of the seven jurats. 1563, p. 1543, 1570, p. 2128, 1576, p. 1849, 1583, pp. 1943-44.

(d .1557)

Martyr. Of Tenterden, Kent.

Nicholas Final was one of ten martyrs imprisoned in Canterbury and condemned by Richard Thornden and Nicholas Harpsfield. He was burned at Ashford on 16 January 1557. 1563, p. 1561 [recte 1573].

Nicholas Final was condemned by Richard Thornden and Nicholas Harpsfield. 1563, p. 1561, 1570, p. 2155, 1576, p. 1861, 1583, p. 1974 [incorrectly numbered as 1970].

He was burned at Ashford, Kent on 16 January 1557. 1563, p. 1561, 1570, p. 2155, 1576, p. 1861, 1583, p. 1974 [incorrectly numbered as 1970].

[Possibly related to Barbara Final.]

[An Adriana Vynall admitted not confessing at Easter or taking the sacrament. See BL, Harley 421, fo.100r. Nicholas Final was possibly related to Adriana Vynall.]

John Noyes' brother-in-law. Of Dennington, Suffolk.

Nicholas Fisk comforted Noyes in the Guildhall prior to his death. 1570, p. 2217, 1576, p. 1913, 1583, p. 2021.

(1519 - 1562)

Poet and chaplain to Nicholas Ridley. Of Huntingdonshire. [DNB]

Grimald was imprisoned in the Marshalsea and visited by Hugh Weston, who urged him to recant his protestant beliefs. 1563, p. 1041; 1570, p. 1607; 1576, p. 1422; 1583, p. 1496.

He met Laurence Saunders when the martyr was being conveyed to Coventry for execution and refused to share Saunders's 'spiritual cup'. 1563, p. 1047; 1570, p. 1670; 1576, p. 1425; 1583, p. 1498.

On 25 February (1563) or 28 March (1570 onwards) Weston told John Bradford of Grimald's recantation. 1563, p. 1212, 1570, p. 1801, 1576, p. 1538, 1583, p. 1621.

Grindal wrote to Ridley from his exile in Frankfort, to which letter Ridley replied. Ridley mentioned that he knew that Grimald had been cast into the Marshalsea. 1570, pp. 1901-02, 1576, pp. 1628-30, 1583, pp. 1729-30.

[Foxe refers to him as 'Grimoald' or 'Grymald'.]

Nicholas Grove was a witness against Richard Gibson. 1563, p. 1642.

(d. 1555)

Bricklayer. Martyr. Of Dartford, Kent. [Fines]

Foxe records the articles against Nicholas Hall and his answers.1570, p. 1859, 1576, p. 1591, 1583, p. 1678.

Nicholas Hall was condemned by Maurice Griffith, bishop of Rochester on 31 June 1555. He was burned about 19 July 1555. 1570, p. 1859, 1576, p. 1591, 1583, p. 1678. According to 1563 (p. 1244), he was burned at Rochester in July 1555.

[Foxe also refers to him as 'Halle' and 'Haule'.]

Prior of Christ Church (Holy Trinity) Priory, Aldgate (1524 - 31); given leave by Bishop Tunstall to leave the priory in 1526 for three years in order to relieve the house of its debts; failed; surrendered the house to the king [VCH: London, vol. 1 (1909) pp. 465-75]

Nicholas Hancoke assisted at the condemnation of Richard Bayfield. 1563, p. 488; 1570, p. 1164; 1576, p. 995; 1583, p. 1023.

(1519? - 1575)

Archdeacon of Canterbury; vicar-general of London. Author of the most important contemporary attack on the Acts and Monuments. Younger brother of John Harpsfield [DNB]

Nicholas Harpsfield discussed the sacrament and ceremonies with Thomas Hawkes on 30 June 1554, but soon gave up hope of changing Hawke's opinions. 1563, p. 1156; 1570, p. 1764; 1576, p. 1507; 1583, p. 1590

Harpsfield took depositions regarding John Tooley's heretical speech from the gallows. 1563, p. 1144

He examined Thomas Wattes on 4 May 1555 and he urged Wattes to recant. Wattes refused, telling Harpsfield that his efforts were in vain. 1563, p. 1165; 1570, p. 1771; 1576, p. 1512; 1583, 1596

Nicholas Harpsfield is described by Foxe as one who was occupied with dispatching the godly during Mary's reign. 1563, p. 1383, 1570, p. 1952, 1576, p. 1679, 1583, p. 1786.

On 28 May Nicholas Harpsfield had the mayor's sergeant bring John Bland before him, and Master Collins (comissary), in Thornden's house. Talk took place between Harspfield, Collins and Bland. 1563, pp. 1220-21, 1570, pp. 1845-46, 1576, pp. 1579-80, 1583, p. 1667.

On 21 May Bland appeared in the chapter house before Nicholas Harspfield. 1563, pp. 1221-23, 1570 p. 1846, 1576 p. 1580, 1583, p. 1668.

Bland asked that Richard Thornden, bishop of Dover, and Robert Collins, commissary, be present at the disputation over the sacrament between Nicholas Harspfield and Bland. 1563, p. 1222, 1570, p. 1846, 1576, p. 1580, 1583, p. 1668.

Nicholas Sheterden discussed eucharistic doctrine with the archdeacon Nicholas Harpsfield and Robert Collins. 1563, pp. 1231-32, 1570, p. 1853, 1576, pp. 1585-86, 1583, pp. 1673-74.

William Cokar was examined before Nicholas Harpsfield, Richard Thornden, Faucet and Robert Collins; he gave answers and was condemned. 1563, p. 1249, 1570, p. 1867, 1576, p. 1598, 1583, p. 1688.

Richard Colliar was examined before Nicholas Harpsfield, Richard Thornden, Faucet, and Robert Collins; he gave answers and was condemned. 1563, p. 1249, 1570, p. 1867, 1576, p. 1598, 1583, p. 1688.

William Hopper was examined before Nicholas Harpsfield, Richard Thornden, Faucet, and Robert Collins; he gave answers and was condemned. 1563, p. 1249, 1570, p. 1867, 1576, p. 1598, 1583, p. 1688.

Henry Lawrence was examined before Nicholas Harpsfield, Richard Thornden, Faucet, and Robert Collins; he gave answers and was condemned. 1563, p. 1249, 1570, p. 1867, 1576, p. 1598, 1583, p. 1688.

William Sterne was examined before Nicholas Harpsfield, Richard Thornden, Faucet, and Robert Collins; he gave answers and was condemned. 1563, p. 1250, 1570, p. 1868, 1576, p. 1599, 1583, p. 1688.

George Brodbridge was examined by Nicholas Harpsfield and Thornden on 3 August for having refused to say confession to a priest. 1563, p. 1273. The examination is referred to in 1570, p. 1884, 1576, p. 1614, 1583, p. 1708.

Anthony Burwarde was examined by Nicholas Harpsfield and Thornden on 3 August. 1563, p. 1273.

Robert Streater was examined by Nicholas Harpsfield and Thornden on 3 August. 1563, p. 1273.

James Tutrye was examined by Nicholas Harpsfield and Thornden on 3 August. 1563, p. 1273.

John Webbe was examined by Nicholas Harpsfield and Thornden. 1563, pp. 1386-87, 1570, pp. 1959-60, 1576, p. 1687, 1583, p. 1794.

Harpsfield is described as a great persecutor. 1563, p. 1546, 1570, p. 2039, 1576, p. 1860, 1583, p. 1954.

Thomas Alsey met with John Kingston to discuss the delivery of forty-six shillings and eight pence to Nicholas Harpsfield. 1563, p. 1564, 1570, p. 2156, 1576, p. 1864, 1583, p. 1975 [incorrectly numbered 1971].

Martin Bradbridge was condemned by Richard Thornden and Nicholas Harpsfield. 1563, p. 1561, 1570, p. 2154, 1576, p. 1861, 1583, p. 1974 [incorrectly numbered as 1970].

Nicholas Final was condemned by Richard Thornden and Nicholas Harpsfield. 1563, p. 1561, 1570, p. 2155, 1576, p. 1861, 1583, p. 1974 [incorrectly numbered as 1970].

William Hay was condemned by Richard Thornden and Nicholas Harpsfield. 1563, p. 1561, 1570, p. 2154, 1576, p. 1861, 1583, p. 1974 [incorrectly numbered as 1970].

Thomas Hudson was condemned by Richard Thornden and Nicholas Harpsfield. 1563, p. 1561, 1570, p. 2154, 1576, p. 1861, 1583, p. 1974 [incorrectly numbered as 1970].

Stephen Kempe was condemned by Richard Thornden and Nicholas Harpsfield. 1563, p. 1561, 1570, p. 2155, 1576, p. 1861, 1583, p. 1974 [incorrectly numbered as 1970].

William Lowick was condemned by Richard Thornden and Nicholas Harpsfield. 1570, p. 2154, 1576, p. 2155, 1583, p. 1974 [incorrectly numbered as 1970].

John Philpot of Tenterden was condemned by Richard Thornden and Nicholas Harpsfield. 1563, p. 1561, 1570, p. 2154, 1576, p. 1861, 1583, p. 1974 [incorrectly numbered as 1970].

Matthew Plaise was examined by Thornden, Nicholas Harpsfield and Collins. 1570, pp. 2169-71, 1576, pp. 1873-75, 1583, pp. 1982-83.

Harpsfield took part in Richard Woodman's fifth and sixth examinations. 1563, pp. 1599-1601, 1570, pp. 2190-94, 1576, pp. 1890-93, 1583, pp. 1999-2002.

William Prowting was condemned by Richard Thornden and Nicholas Harpsfield. 1563, p. 1604, 1570, p. 2198, 1576, p. 1897, 1583, p. 2005.

Thomas Stephens was condemned by Richard Thornden and Nicholas Harpsfield. 1570, p. 2154, 1576, p. 2155, 1583, p. 1974 [incorrectly numbered as 1970].

William Waterman was condemned by Richard Thornden and Nicholas Harpsfield. 1563, p. 1561, 1570, p. 2155, 1576, p. 1861, 1583, p. 1974 [incorrectly numbered as 1970].

Nicholas Harpsfield urged on the condemnation of five martyrs at Canterbury so that they could be burned before the death of Queen Mary. 1563, p. 1673, 1570, p. 2253, 1576, p. 1946, 1583, p. 2053.

Harpsfield was committed to the Fleet after the death of Mary. 1570, p. 2301, 1576, p. 1992, 1583, p. 2102.

(1519 - 1575) [ODNB]

Religious controversialist; historian

BCL Oxford 1543; at Louvain 1550; DCL Oxford 1554; friend of Thomas More, wrote his biography; archdeacon of Canterbury (1554 - 59); imprisoned for twelve years under Elizabeth, continued writing

In 1566 he published, under the name of Alan Cope, a large work rebutting the Magdeburg Centuries and Foxe's Acts and Monuments

Foxe accuses Harpsfield of using Sir Thomas More's authority to discredit Foxe's account of Thomas Bilney. 1570, p. 1148; 1576, p. 983; 1583, p. 1010.

Alan Cope (Nicholas Harpsfield) wrote of 24 Catholic martyrs under King Henry. 1570, p. 1375; 1576, p. 1173; 1583, p. 1201.

(1501? - 1578)

Bishop of Worcester (1543 - 1551, 1553 - 1555). Archbishop of York (1555 - 1560). Lord Chancellor (1556 - 1559). Descended from the Heaths of Apsley, Tamworth. [DNB]

Heath was deprived as bishop of Worcester under Edward VI; he was reinstated by Mary. 1563, p. 1053; 1570, p. 1678; 1576, p. 1432; 1583, p. 1505.

He was one of the commissioners who interrogated Robert Ferrar on 4 February 1555. 1563, p. 1732; 1570, pp. 1722-23; 1576, p. 1471; 1583, pp. 1553-54.

On 23 February 1555 the archbishop of York (Nicholas Heath) and the bishop of Chichester (George Day) went to the Counter to speak with Bradford. Heath was gentle towards Bradford when they met. Heath told Bradford that they had not been sent to him but that they had come out of love and charity. Heath knew Bradford better than Day did. 1563, pp. 1204-08, 1570, pp. 1794-97, 1576, pp. 1532-34, 1583, pp. 1615-17.

A discussion about salvation and other things took place between Bradford and Heath and Day, which lasted three hours. 1563, pp. 1204-08.

Heath and Day left Bradford because the bishop of Durham was waiting at Master York's house. 1563, p. 1208.

Ridley was kind to Heath during Edward VI's reign. 1563, p. 1285, 1570, p. 1896, 1576, p. 1623, 1583, p. 1717.

Philpot's fourth examination was in John Harpsfield's house before Bonner, Bath, Worcester [Heath] and Gloucester. 1563, pp. 1393-98, 1570, pp. 1965-68, 1576, pp. 1692-95, 1583, pp. 1799-1803.

Philpot's twelfth examination on 4 December 1555 was before Bonner, Worcester and Bangor. 1563, pp. 1434-37, 1570, pp. 1992-96, 1576, pp. 1715-17, 1583, pp. 1822-24.

During Philpot's twelfth examination, Worcester told Philpot that Durham and Chichester would be coming to speak with him. 1563, pp. 1434-37, 1570, pp. 1992-96, 1576, pp. 1715-17, 1583, pp. 1822-24.

Philpot spoke with Worcester, Wright and Chadsey later the same day. 1570, pp. 1993-94, 1576, p. 1717, 1583, pp. 1823-24.

Philpot's thirteenth examination was before York [Heath], Chichester and others. 1570, p. 1996, 1576, pp. 1717-19, 1583, pp. 1824-26.

The last examination of Philpot was on 16 December 1555 before Bonner and other bishops, including York. 1563, p. 1441, 1570, pp. 1997-98, 1576, p. 1719, 1583, p. 1827.

After Cromwell was apprehended, Bishops Heath and Skip forsook Cranmer and stood against him. 1570, p. 2040, 1576, p. 1759, 1583, pp. 1865-66.

Heath questioned Cranmer about his bill against the mass. 1570, p. 2047, 1576, pp. 1764-64, 1583, p. 1871.

Drakes, Tyms, Spurge, Cavell and Ambrose petitioned Heath over their long imprisonment. 1563, p. 1504, 1570, p. 2073, 1576, p. 1788, 1583, p. 1895.

The receipt of a writ about Thomas Spicer, John Denny and Edmund Poole from Heath was delayed. 1563, p. 1521, 1570, p. 2093, 1576, p. 1793, 1583, p. 1912.

Robert Farrer was examined before the bishops of Durham and Worcester, Sir Robert Rochester, Sir Richard Southwell and Gilbert Bourne. 1563, p. 1732, 1570, p. 2296, 1576, p. 1990, 1583, p. 2136.

On 15 December 1557 a letter was sent by the archbishop of York, the earl of Shrewsbury, Edward Hastings, Anthony Montague, John Bourne and Henry Jernegam (members of the privy council) to Bishop Bonner along with the examinations of John Rough. They sent Rough to Newgate. 1563, p. 1646, 1570, p. 2226, 1576, pp. 1921-22., 1583, p. 2028 [incorrectly numbered as 2034].

Nicholas Heath was a participant in the Westminster disputation of 1559. 1563, p. 1717, 1583, p. 2119.

He was imprisoned in the Tower after the death of Mary. 1570, p. 2301, 1576, p. 1993, 1583, p. 2101.

(1501? - 1578) [ODNB]

Archdeacon of Stafford 1534; bishop of Worcester (1543 - 51, 1553 - 55); archbishop of York (1555 - 60); lord chancellor (1556 - 59)

Nicholas Heath was one of the learned men at Cambridge supported by the Boleyns. 1563, p. 509; 1570, p. 1198; 1576, p. 1026; 1583, p. 1054.

Heath was one of the subscribers to the Bishops' Book. 1570, p. 1212; 1576, p. 1037; 1583, p. 1064.

Heath was a deponent in the case of Stephen Gardiner. 1563, p. 854.

(d. 1557)

Martyr. Of unknown occupation. Of Withyham.

Nicholas Holden was accused and examined by Christopherson, Richard Briesly, Robert Tailor, Thomas Paccard, Anthony Clarke, and Alban Langdale. He was condemned and martyred at Chichester. 1563, p. 1634, 1570, p. 2220, 1576, p. 1815, 1583, p. 2023.

Robert Glover told his wife in a letter that he had been visited in prison by W. Brasbridge, C. Phineas and Nicholas Hopkins. 1563, pp. 1273-80, 1570, pp. 1886-89, 1576, pp. 1615-1619, 1583, pp. 1710-12.

In the letter to his wife, Glover stated that, while he was imprisoned, Hopkins and Dudley spoke to Glover about liberty of conscience. 1563, pp. 1273-80, 1570, pp. 1886-89, 1576, pp. 1615-1619, 1583, pp. 1710-12.

(c. 820 - 867) [Kelly]

Pope (858 - 67) Consolidated papal authority

Foxe includes him in a list of popes who sought confirmation of their elections by the emperor. 1570, p. 6, 1576, p. 5, 1583, p. 5.

(d. 1061) [Kelly]

Canon at Liège; bishop of Florence 1045; elected to the papacy in 1058 in opposition to antipope Benedict X

Pope (1058 - 61) Reformed papal elections in 1059

Foxe includes him in a list of popes who sought confirmation of their elections by the emperor. 1570, p. 6, 1576, p. 5, 1583, p. 5.

He invested Robert Guiscard as duke of Apulia and Calabria in 1059. 1563, p. 13.

Berengar of Tours recanted under Pope Nicholas II. 1563, p. 12; 1570, p. 1310; 1576, p. 1121; 1583, p. 1147.

Foxe considers Nicholas II to be the likely recipient of a letter supposedly sent by Ulrich of Augsburg. 1570, p. 1321; 1576, p. 1129; 1583, p. 1156.

The condemnation of clerical marriage began under Nicholas II. 1570, p. 1329; 1576, p. 1134; 1583, p. 1163.

Foxe says he was poisoned by Brazutus. 1563, p. 12.

(1210/20 - 1280) [Kelly]

Cardinal-deacon 1244; diplomat; general inquisitor 1262; protector of the Franciscans 1263

Pope (1277 - 80); enlarged the papal state

Nicholas III lived after the time of Gratian. 1570, p. 1329; 1576, p. 1134; 1583, p. 1163.

Mayor of London (1531 - 32)

Nicholas Lambarde attended the condemnation of Richard Bayfield. He and the sheriffs of London were required to be present by the bishop's letter and by statute. 1563, p. 488; 1570, p. 1164; 1576, p. 995; 1583, p. 1023.

[NB: Foxe names him as John]

Gentleman. Of S Pierre Port, Guernsey.

On 27 May 1556 Vincent Gosset went to the house of Nicholas le Conronney at around 10pm. and stole a silver cup. 1563, p. 1542, 1570, p. 2127, 1576, p. 1849, 1583, p. 1943.

Perotine Massey told Conronney about the stolen cup. 1563, p. 1542, 1570, p. 2127, 1576, p. 1849, 1583, p. 1943.

[Referred to as 'Collas Conron' in 1563 throughout.]

Servant of Stephen Gardiner

Lentall was a deponent in the case of Gardiner. 1563, pp. 834-35.

(d. 1534) of Dedham, Essex [Fines]

Hanged at Dovercourt

Nicholas Marsh was involved in the burning of the rood of Dovercourt in 1532. He was charged with felony and hanged.1563, p. 496; 1570, pp. 1172-73; 1576, p. 1003; 1583, pp. 1030-31.

Nicholas Martin took part in the examination and condemnation of Perotine Massey, Katherine Cauches and Guillemine Gilbert. 1563, pp. 1542-43, 1570, pp. 2127-28, 1576, p. 1849, 1583, p. 1943.

He was later forced to beg pardon for his involvement in the deaths of Perotine Massey, Katherine Cauches and Guillemine Gilbert. 1570, pp. 2130-31, 1576, pp. 1851-52, 1583, pp. 1945-46.

(d. 1539) [Venn]

D. D. (1507). Master of St John's, Cambridge

Foxe lists Latimer's adversaries: bishop of Ely (preached against him in King's College), Dr Watson (Master of Christ's College), Dr Norton (Master of Clare), Dr Philo (Master of Michael House), Dr Metcalfe (Master of St John), Dr Blith (of the King's Hall), Dr Bullock (Master of Queen's College), Dr Cliffe (of Clement House), Dr Donnes (of Jesus College), Dr Palmes (Master of St Nicholas hostle), Bayne, Rud and Greenwood of St John's, Brikenden of St John's also, and said to have been a scholar of Latimer's. 1563, p. 1307, 1570, p. 1904, 1576, p. 1631, 1583, p. 1735.

(fl. 1557 - 1586)

DD (1559). Papal agent. Original founder member of Trinity College, Cambridge. Appointed by Pole as one of six preachers at Canterbury Cathedral. Withdrew to Rome after the accession of Elizabeth where he was created DD. Returned to England briefly to encourage recusant priests with news of the forthcoming bill of excommunication against Elizabeth. (DNB)

John Allerton's first examination was before Bonner, Morton and Tye on 8 April 1557. Allerton wrote an account of it in his own blood. 1563, p. 1621, 1570, pp. 2208-11, 1576, pp. 1905-08, 1583, pp. 2014-16.

Frenchman of St Mary Woolchurch; extremist who jested against the saints and Our Lady; presented in 1541 as being far gone in the new sect [Fines]

Nicholas Newell was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1378; 1576, p. 1175; 1583, p. 1204.

Apprentice. Of Ipswich, Suffolk.

Nicholas Nottingham was said by Philip Williams, John Steward and Matthew Butler not to have taken the sacrament. 1576, p. 1981, 1583, p. 2089.

[Probably related to the other Ipswich Nottinghams]

(1401 - 1464)[www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1448-ii#Cusa]

German humanist; mathematician, jurist and astronomer; DCnL Padua 1423

Bishop of Brixen (1450 - 64); papal legate to England and Germany

Cardinal (1448 - 64)

Nicholas regarded the Donation of Constantine as forged. 1570, p. 144, 1576, p. 106, 1583, p. 105.

of London; preacher

Richard or Nicholas Field was examined by Bishop Longland, excommunicated and abjured for leading a meeting at John Taylor's house in 1530. 1570, p. 1119; 1576, p. 958; 1583, p. 985.

An Italian. Incorporated LLD from Padua (1556 - 1557). Arch-priest of Bozzola, Verona. The pope's datary [chief officer who dispensed benefices]. Sat on Council of Trent. (Venn)

In an attempt to reinstate catholicism at the University of Cambridge, a commission under the direction of Cardinal Pole ordered the condemning and burning of the bones and books of Phagius and Martin Bucer. Members of the commission were Cuthbert Scott, Nicholas Ormanet, Thomas Watson, John Christopherson and Henry Cole. Ormanet was chosen because he had the trust of Pope Julius III. 1563, pp. 1537 [recte 1549]-1558 [recte 1570]

Ormanet was one of the cardinal's visitors who had a commission to have the bones of Peter Martyr's wife dug up and burned. 1563, pp. 1558 [recte 1570]-1559 [recte 1571].

Nicholas Ormanet was chosen by Pole to be a persecutor of the University of Cambridge. 1563, p. 1537, 1570, p. 2142, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1956.

He was held in high esteem by Julius III. 1563, p. 1537, 1570, p. 2142, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1956.

His actions at mass shocked Swinborne. 1563, p. 1538, 1570, p. 2147, 1576, p. 1867, 1583, p. 1956.

He wrote the fair copy of the sentence of condemnation for the exhumation of Bucer and Phagius. 1563, p. 1542, 1570, p. 2146, 1576, p. 1866, 1583, p. 1959.

On 14 January 1557 Ormaneto had planned to anneal the sick, but the milk was too rank to mix with the oil. 1563, p. 1542, 1570, p. 2147, 1576, p. 1867, 1583, p. 1960.

Ormaneto carefully observed the wearing of a surplice at Cambridge during his visit as part of the queen's commission. 1563, p. 1542, 1570, p. 2147, 1576, p. 1867, 1583, p. 1960.

He was awarded a doctorate at Cambridge. 1570, p. 2150, 1576, p. 1858, 1583, p. 1960.

He was one of those holding a commission from Cardinal Pole to disinter Peter Martyr's wife and burn her bones. 1563, p. 1558, 1570, p. 2152, 1576, p. 1859, 1583, p. 1968.

[Foxe calls him Ormanet. Also known as Datary.]

Labourer of St Andrew's Holborn; presented for not coming to communion at Easter; sent to Newgate in 1541 [Fines]

Nicholas Otes was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1379; 1576, p. 1176; 1583, p. 1204.

(d. 1557)

Martyr. Of unknown occupation and origin.

Nicholas Pardue was burned with six others at Canterbury on 19 June 1557. 1563, p. 1571, 1570, p. 2169, 1576, p. 1873, 1583, p. 1981.

of St Magnus's parish; charged in 1541 for neither fasting nor praying; maintained heresies and scripture books [Fines]

Nicholas Philip was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1377; 1576, p. 1175; 1583, p. 1203.

(d. 1555) (DNB)

Bishop of London (1550 - 1553). Martyr. [DNB]

Nicholas Ridley gave John Rogers a prebend in St Paul's (1563, p. 1023; 1570, p. 1656; 1576, p. 1413; 1583, p. 1484).

He led the bishops who compelled John Hooper to wear vestments at his consecration. Ridley wrote a letter to Hooper apologising for this in Mary's reign (1563, pp. 1050-2; 1570, pp. 1676-7; 1576, p. 1404; 1583, pp. 1504-5).

He preached a sermon at Paul's Cross, at the behest of the privy council, supporting Jane Grey's claim to the throne. After Mary's accession Ridley visited the queen at Framlingham and was arrested (1563, p. 903; 1570, p. 1569; 1576, p. 1338; and 1583, p. 1408).

He was engaged, over dinner with John Feckenham and Sir John Bourne, in a debate on the nature of the eucharist. An account of the debate, 'penned with his own hand,' is first printed in 1563, (1563, pp. 928-31; 1570, pp. 1589-91; 1576, pp. 1356-58; and 1583, pp. 1426-28). There is no earlier printed version or manuscript of the exchange.

Ridley was examined by Weston and the other members of the catholic delegation to the Oxford disputations on Saturday 14 April 1554 (1563, p. 933 and 937-38; 1570, p. 1593; 1576, p. 1935 [recte 1359]; 1583, pp. 1429-30).

[NB: There is a summary of Ridley's disputation on Tuesday 17 April 1554 which was printed in its entirety only in 1563, pp 933-34].

Ridley disputed with Richard Smith and the other catholic doctors on 17 April 1554 (1563, p. 957-78; 1570, pp. 1606-22; 1576, pp. 1370-84; 1583, pp. 1441-54).

Ridley's preface to his account of the disputation is 1563, pp. 956-57 and (in a differently worded version) 1570, p. 1632; 1576, pp. 1392-93; 1583, p. 1463.

Ridley's conclusion to his account of the Oxford disputations is printed (only) in 1563, p. 978.

Ridley wrote to Weston protesting the conduct of the 1554 Oxford disputations and demanding that Ridley's written responses to the three propositions be shown to the higher house of convocation (1563, p. 977; 1570, p. 1633; 1576, pp. 1393-94; 1583, p. 1464).

The queen's letter ordering Ridley, together with Cranmer and Latimer, to be held in the custody of the mayor and bailiffs of Oxford during the disputation is printed in 1563, p. 999.

He was summoned, together with Cranmer and Latimer, before Weston and the commissioners on 20 April 1554. He refused to recant what he had said during the disputations. He was condemned and taken to the sheriff's house (1563, pp. 935-38; 1570, pp. 1632-33; 1576, p. 1393; 1583, pp. 1463-64).

On 21 April 1554, Ridley was compelled to observe, having been brought from the sheriff's house, a procession in which Weston carried the sacrament and four doctors carried a canopy over Weston (1563, p. 936; 1570, p. 1633; 1576, p. 1393; 1583, p. 1464).

Ridley wrote a letter to Cranmer, which was sent together with copies of his account of the disputation and news of recent developments (1570, pp. 1633-34; 1576, p. 1394; 1583, pp. 1464).

Foxe mentions Ridley's condemnation and disputation in passing in 1570, p. 1639; 1576, p. 1399; 1583, p. 1469.

In a letter of 10 October 1554, Heinrich Bullinger asked John Hooper to pass his commendations toRidley, Hugh Latimer and Thomas Cranmer (1570, p. 1692; 1576, pp. 1444-45; 1583, p. 1518).

Ridley was one of the authors of a petition to Philip and Mary asking them for a chance to defend, in public debate, the Edwardian religious reforms (1570, p. 1656; 1576, p. 1413; 1583, p. 1483).

Laurence Saunders sent a letter to Ridley, Thomas Cranmer and Hugh Latimer from the Marshalsea(1563, pp. 1042-43; 1570, pp. 1667-68; 1576, pp. 1422-23; 1583, pp. 1496-97).

Foxe describes Ridley's character. 1563, p. 1283, 1570, p. 1895, 1576, p. 1623, 1583, p. 1717.

John Bradford was persuaded to enter the ministry by Ridley. Ridley called Bradford to take the position of deacon and, at Bradford's willing, ordered him deacon. 1563, p. 1173, 1570, p. 1780, 1576, p. 1623, 1583, pp. 1603-04.

He led the bishops who compelled John Hooper to wear vestments at his consecration. Ridley wrote a letter to Hooper apologising for this in Mary's reign. 1563, pp. 1050-2; 1570, pp. 1676-7; 1576, p. 1404; 1583, pp. 1504-5.

In a letter of 10 October 1554, Heinrich Bullinger asked John Hooper to pass his commendations to Ridley, Hugh Latimer and Thomas Cranmer. 1570, p. 1692; 1576, pp. 1444-45; 1583, p. 1518.

Ridley was one of the authors of a petition to Philip and Mary asking them for a chance to defend, in public debate, the Edwardian religious reforms. 1570, p. 1656; 1576, p. 1413; 1583, p. 1483.

Laurence Saunders sent a letter to Ridley, Thomas Cranmer and Hugh Latimer from the Marshalsea.1563, pp. 1042-43; 1570, pp. 1667-68; 1576, pp. 1422-23; 1583, pp. 1496-97.

During Bradford's second examination, Doctor Seton described Ridley and Latimer as being unable to answer anything at all at their examinations. 1570, p. 1786, 1576, p. 1526, 1583, p. 1607.

John Bradford sent a letter to Cranmer, Latimer and Ridley. 1570, p. 1815 1576, p. 1551, 1583, p. 1634.

Rowland Taylor wrote a letter to Thomas Cranmer, Nicholas Ridley and Hugh Latimer when they were prisoners in Oxford. 1570, p. 2072; 1576, p. 1787; 1583, p. 1893.

Foxe recounts the life of Ridley. 1563, pp. 1283-96, 1570, pp. 1895-96, 1576, pp. 1623-24, 1583, pp. 1717-30.

Ridley was kind to Heath, archbishop of York during Edward VI's reign. 1563, p. 1285, 1570, p. 1896, 1576, p. 1623, 1583, p. 1717.

Ridley was kind to Edmund Bonner's mother. She would dine at Ridley's manor in Fulham with Ridley and Mistress Mungey, Bonner's sister. 1570, p. 1896, 1576, p. 1623, 1583, p. 1717.

Ridley's sister and her husband, George Shipside, were also kind to Bonner's mother and sister. 1570, p. 1896, 1576, p. 1623, 1583, pp. 1717-18.

Ridley was converted through the reading of Bertram's Book of the Sacrament, and confirmed in his beliefs through conference with Cranmer and Peter Martyr. 1563, p. 1285, 1570, p. 1895, 1576, p. 1623, 1583, p. 1717.

After Mary's accession, Ridley was kept first in the Tower, then in the Bocardo in Oxford, and then held in custody at Master Irish's house until his death. 1563, p. 1285, 1570, p. 1896, 1576, p. 1624, 1583, p. 1717.

Ridley was cast into Bocardo prison with Hugh Latimer. 1563, p. 1285, 1583, p. 1718.

A conference took place between Ridley and Latimer in prison on the objections of Antonian, in other words, those of a popish persecutor, such as Winchester. 1563, pp. 1285-94, 1583, pp. 1718-24.

Letters of Ridley. 1570, pp. 1896-1902, 1576, pp. 1624-30, 1583, pp. 1724-30.

A letter was sent by Ridley to West, in which Ridley asked West and also Dr Harvey to remember their promises to him. Foxe also includes West's letter and Ridley's response. 1570, pp. 1900-01, 1576, pp. 1627-28, 1583, pp. 1728-29.

Grindal wrote to Ridley from his exile in Frankfort, to which letter Ridley replied. He mentioned his imprisonment with Cranmer, Latimer and Bradford. He mentioned that he knew that Ferrar, Hooper, Rogers, Taylor of Hadleigh, Saunders and Tomkins, a weaver, had all been martyred, as had Cardmaker the day before he wrote this letter. He had heard that West had relented, and Grimald been cast into the Marshalsea. He had also heard that Thomas Ridley, of the Bull-head in Cheapside, had died. He had heard that his brother-in-law, Shipside, had spent much time in prison but was now released. 1570, pp. 1901-02, 1576, pp. 1628-30, 1583, pp. 1729-30.

The examination of Ridley and Latimer by White (Lincoln) and Brookes (Gloucester) took place on 30 September 1555. White and Brookes received their commission from Cardinal Poole. 1563, pp. 1297-98, 1570, pp. 1903-09, 1576, pp. 1631-39, 1583, pp. 1757-60.

A communication took place between Ridley and Brookes in Irish's house on 15 October, on which day he was degraded, and at which Edridge ('reader then of the Greek lecture') was present.. 1563, pp. 1374-76, 1570, pp. 1934-35, 1576, pp. 1659-60, 1583, pp. 1768-69.

Ridley had a discussion with Brookes on 16 October, on which day he was degraded. 1563, pp. 1374-76.

Foxe recounts the behaviour of Ridley at supper the night before he was martyred. 1563, pp. 1376-79, 1570, pp. 1936-37, 1576, p. 1661, 1583, p. 1769.

Foxe recounts the behaviour of Ridley and Latimer at their martyrdom. 1563, pp. 1376-1379, 1570, pp. 1937-39, 1576, pp. 1661-62, 1583, p. 1769.

Ridley gave his gown and tippet to Shipside. 1563, p. 1377, 1570, p. 1937, 1576, p. 1661, 1583, p. 1769.

Ridley gave a new groat to Henry Lea. 1563, p. 1377, 1570, p. 1937, 1576, p. 1661, 1583, p. 1769.

Ridley spoke with Lord Williams before his martyrdom. 1563, p. 1379, 1570, p. 1937, 1576, p. 1662, 1583, p. 1769.

Ridley's friendly farewell. 1563, pp. 1379-81, 1570, pp. 1939-43, 1576, pp. 1622-28, 1583, pp. 1770-76.

Ridley's lamentation for a change in religion, in which he makes reference to Latimer, Lever, Bradford and Knox, as well as Cranmer and their part in the duke of Somerset's cause. 1570, pp. 1945-50, 1576, pp. 1670-78, 1583, pp. 1778-84.

Cranmer was confirmed in his reformist beliefs after conference with Ridley. 1570, p. 2045, 1576, p. 1763, 1583, p. 1870.

Cranmer was examined by Bonner and Ely and condemned on 12 September 1556 (seven days before the condemnation of Ridley and Latimer). 1563, pp. 1491-92, 1570, p. 2046, 1576, p. 1765, 1583, p. 1871.

In the third year of Edward's reign, Cranmer and Nicholas Ridley admitted Robert Drakes to minister the sacraments. 1563, p. 1505, 1570, p. 2074, 1576, p. 1788, 1583, p. 1895.

Letter to Augustine Bernher [BL, Harley 416, fo.16v. Printed in LM, p. 72 et seq. Also in 1570, p. 1902 et seq.].

Letter to Augustine Bernher [BL Harley 416, fos.17v and 32r. Not printed in Foxe or LM].

Letter to Bernher [BL Harley 416, fo.32r. Not printed in AM or LM.]

Letter to Bradford. [BL Harley 416, fo.32v. Printed in LM, pp. 62 et seq. and 1570, p. 1897 et seq.]

Foxe records Nicholas Ridley's writings against idolatry. 1583, pp. 2128-31.

Lord Dacre would have paid a ransom to Mary for his kinsman Nicholas Ridley's life if it were possible but she refused. 1563, p. 1733, 1583, p. 2131.

Of Willimountswick. Bishop Nicholas Ridley's cousin.

Ridley's 'friendly farewell' sent greetings to him. 1563, pp. 1379-81, 1570, pp. 1939-43, 1576, pp. 1622-28, 1583, pp. 1770-76.

(c. 1502 - 1555) [ODNB]

Protestant martyr; BA Cambridge 1522, MA 1525, BTh 1537, DTh 1541; master of Pembroke (1540 - 53)

Bishop of Rochester (1547 - 53); bishop of London (1550 - 03) [licence to hold both]

When Nicholas Ridley visited Princess Mary at Hunsdon, she recalled the sermon he preached at the marriage of Elizabeth and Anthony Browne in the presence of King Henry. Ridley offered to preach before her, but she refused. 1570, pp. 1565-66; 1576, pp. 1335-36; 1583, p. 1396.

Charles V requested of Edward VI that his cousin Mary Tudor be allowed to have the mass said in her house. The request was denied, in spite of the strong urgings of Thomas Cranmer and Nicholas Ridley. 1563, p. 884; 1570, p. 1484; 1576, p. 1258; 1583, p. 1295.

Stephen Gardiner wrote to Thomas Cranmer and Nicholas Ridley while imprisoned in the Fleet. 1563, pp. 732-54; 1570, p. 1522; 1576, p. 1297; 1583, pp. 1340, 1348-50.

Gardiner was released out of the Fleet by a general pardon, but was placed under house arrest for failure to conform. Nicholas Ridley, Thomas Smith and William Cecil were sent to him. He was called before the council. 1563, p. 755; 1570, pp. 1525-26; 1576, p. 1301; 1583, p. 1351.

Nicholas Ridley, Thomas Goodrich, Sir John Cheke, William May and Thomas Wendy, king's visitors, attended the disputation at Cambridge in 1549. Ridley took part in the disputation and made the determination. 1570, pp. 1555-57; 1576, pp. 1326-28; 1583, pp. 1376-88.

Thomas Cranmer, archbishop of Canterbury, Nicholas Ridley, bishop of Rochester, Sir William Petre, Sir Thomas Smith and William May, dean of St Paul's, were commissioned to examine Edmund Bonner. 1563, p. 697; 1570, p. 1504; 1576, p. 1275; 1583, p. 1312.

Bonner was summoned to appear before the commissioners. He behaved haughtily, ridiculing his accusers and the commissioners, and spoke in favour of the mass. He appeared first on 10 September 1549 before Thomas Cranmer, Nicholas Ridley, Sir William Petre and William May. Sir Thomas Smith was absent. 1563, pp. 698-99; 1570, pp. 1504-06; 1576, pp. 1275-77; 1583, pp. 1312-14.

Bonner appeared for the second time on 13 September before Thomas Cranmer, Nicholas Ridley, Sir William Petre, Sir Thomas Smith and William May and was further examined. 1563, pp. 699-704; 1570, pp. 1506-08; 1576, pp. 1277-79; 1583, pp. 1314-17.

Bonner appeared for the third time on 16 September before Thomas Cranmer, Nicholas Ridley, Sir Thomas Smith and William May to answer the articles put to him at the previous session. John Hooper and William Latymer also appeared in order to purge themselves against the slanders of Bonner. 1563, pp. 704-709; 1570, pp. 1508-11; 1576, pp. 1279-80; 1583, pp. 1317-22.

Bonner appeared before the commissioners for the fourth time on 18 September, at which session new articles were drawn up and new witnesses received. 1563, pp. 704-710; 1570, pp. 1508-12; 1576, pp. 1279-81; 1583, pp. 1317-22.

Bonner appeared for the fifth time before the commissioners on 20 September. During an interval, he instructed Gilbert Bourne, his chaplain, Robert Warnington, his commissary, and Robert Johnson, his registrar, to tell the mayor and aldermen of London to avoid reformed preachers. Bonner made his first appellation to the king. As a result of his behaviour during the proceedings, he was committed to the Marshalsea. 1563, pp. 713-717; 1570, pp. 1513-16; 1576, pp. 1282-85; 1583, pp. 1324-26.

Bonner appeared for the sixth time before the commissioners on 23 September, when he presented a general recusation against all the commissioners and a second appellation to the king. A letter was read from Bonner to the mayor of London, Henry Amcottes, and aldermen. 1563, pp. 717-18; 1570, p. 1516; 1576, p. 1285; 1583, pp. 1326-27.

Bonner' seventh appearance before the commissioners took place on 1 October. He presented a declaration, an appellation and a supplication to the king. The commissioners pronounced their sentence definitive. Bonner was imprisoned and deprived of his office. 1563, pp. 718-26; 1570, pp. 1516-19; 1576, pp. 1285-88; 1583, pp. 1327-30.

Ridley replaced Bonner as bishop of London in 1550. He received a letter from the king and privy council directing him to remove and destroy all altars within the churches of his diocese and install communion tables. He carried out a visitation to ensure that churches were conforming to the directive and broke down the wall next to the altar in St Paul's. 1563, pp. 727-28; 1570, pp. 1519-21; 1576, pp. 1288-89; 1583, pp. 1331-32.

When Sir William Herbert and Sir William Petre went to Stephen Gardiner in the Tower with new articles, they took with them a canon and a civil lawyer: Nicholas Ridley and Richard Goodrich. 1563, p. 768; 1570, p. 1534; 1576, p. 1307; 1583, p. 1357.

After Gardiner's sequestration, Thomas Cranmer, Nicholas Ridley, Thomas Goodrich, Henry Holbeach, Sir William Petre, Sir James Hales, Griffith Leyson, John Oliver and John Gosnold were commissioned to examine him. 1563, p. 776; 1570, p. 1535; 1576, p. 1309; 1583, p. 1358.

of St Matthew's parish; one of 9 presented in 1541 for gathering in the evening and bringing in bad preachers

Nicholas Russell was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1378; 1576, p. 1176; 1583, p. 1204.

(1485? - 1556)

Bishop of Salisbury (1535 - 1539). Almoner to Anne Boleyn. [DNB]

Shaxton condemned Pygot and Wolsey on 9 October 1555. 1563, p. 1283 [states around 4 October], 1570, p. 1893, 1576, p. 1621, 1583, p. 1715.

Bishop Shaxton resigned his post after Latimer resigned his. 1563, p. 1353, 1570, p. 1908, 1576, p. 1635, 1583, p. 1739.

Henry VIII appointed Richard Stokesley (Bishop of London), Stephen Gardiner (Bishop of Winchester), Richard Sampson (Bishop of Chichester), William Repps (Bishop of Norwich), Thomas Goodrich (Bishop of Ely), Hugh Latimer (Bishop of Worcester), Nicholas Shaxton (Bishop of Salisbury) and William Barlow (Bishop of St David's) to compose a book of ecclesiastical institutions called the Bishops' Book. 1563, p. 1472.

(c. 1485 - 1556) [ODNB]

BA Cambridge 1506 or 1507; MA 1510; BTh 1521; DTh 1531; university preacher; Queen Anne's almoner 1534;

Bishop of Salisbury (1535 - 39); resigned; arrested and condemned to be burnt in 1546; recanted, put away wife; pardoned 1555

The priors of Pentney Priory and Westacre Priory assured Richard Nix, bishop of Norwich, that Nicholas Shaxton had not preached heresy at Westacre. 1563 p. 483.

After Bilney's burning, and the decision not to prosecute Nicholas Shaxton, Nix was afraid that he had burnt the wrong man. 1563, p. 484; 1570, pp. 1149-50; 1576, p. 984; 1583, p. 1011.

Queen Anne had Hugh Latimer placed in the bishopric of Worcester and Nicholas Shaxton in the bishopric of Salisbury. 1570, p. 1233; 1576, p. 1055; 1583, p. 1082.

Shaxton was one of the subscribers to the Bishops' Book. 1570, p. 1211; 1576, p. 1037; 1583, p. 1064.

Melancthon wrote a letter to Henry VIII against the Six Articles. In it he complained of the imprisonment of Hugh Latimer, Edward Crome and Nicholas Shaxton. 1570, p. 1341; 1576, p. 1144; 1583, p. 1173.

Shaxton attended a synod in 1537 with other bishops and learned men and with Thomas Cromwell as vicar-general. Shaxton opposed retaining the seven sacraments. 1563, p. 594; 1570, p. 1351; 1576, p. 1153; 1583, p. 1182.

Nicholas Shaxton urged Anne Askew to recant after her condemnation. 1563, p. 676; 1570, p. 1418; 1576, p. 1209; 1583, p. 1238.

Shaxton was appointed to preach a sermon at the burning of Anne Askew. 1563, p. 677; 1570, p. 1419; 1576, p. 1211; 1583, p. 1240.

(d. 1555)

Martyr. Of unkown occupation and origin.

Nicholas Sheterden discussed eucharistic doctrine with the archdeacon Nicholas Harpsfield and Robert Collins. 1563, pp. 1231-32, 1570, p. 1853, 1576, pp. 1585-86, 1583, pp. 1673-74.

Sheterden's answered to the charges against him, to which Mylles and Thornden responded. 1563, pp. 1232-33, 1570, pp. 1853-54, 1576, pp. 1586-87, 1583, p. 1674.

Sheterden was said by Master Milles to have written a letter to his mother asking her to reform. 1563, p. 1232, 1570, p. 1854, 1576, p. 1586, 1583, p. 1674.

Loveles, a lawyer, claimed that Sheterden was unjustly imprisoned. 1563, p. 1233, 1570, p. 1854, 1576, p. 1587, 1583, p. 1674.

Sheterden was examined before the bishop of Winchester. 1563, pp. 1233-34, 1570, pp. 1855-56, 1576, pp. 1587-88 , 1583, p. 1675.

The last examination and condemnation of Nicholas Sheterden (with John Bland and Humphrey Middleton) was held on 25 June 1555. Condemnation was given by Richard Thornden. 1570, p. 1856, 1576, p. 1588, 1583, pp. 1675-76.

Sheterden's letters: 1563, pp. 1235-38, 1570, pp. 1856-59, 1576, pp. 1589-91, 1583, pp. 1676-78.

John Bland was imprisoned with Nicholas Sheterden and Humphrey Middleton. 1570, p. 1850, 1576, p. 1583, 1583, p. 1671.

Sheterden's prayer before his death. 1563, p. 1237, 1570, p. 1856, 1576, pp. 1588-89, 1583, p. 1676.

On 12 July 1555 Sheterden was burned with John Frankesh, John Bland and Humphrey Middleton at Canterbury. 1563, p. 1217, 1570, p. 1843, 1576, p. 1577, 1583, p. 1665.

Bradford wrote a letter to his friends N. S. and R. C. 1570, p. 1840, 1576, p. 1575, 1583, p. 1657.

Priest of All Hallows, Lombard Street; charged in 1541 and sent to the Fleet [Fines]

Nicholas South was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1380; 1576, p. 1178; 1583, p. 1206.

Catholic of unknown occupation. Of Laxfield, Suffolk.

Thomas Lovel, chief constable of 'Hoxne Hundred', and John Jacob and William Stannard, under-constables of the town of Laxfield, Suffolk, with Wolfren Dowsing and Nicholas Stannard, both catholics, were commanded to appear before Thurston, John Tyrrel, Master Kene, and John Sylliard (high sheriff) in September 1557. 1570, p. 2217, 1576, p. 1913, 1583, p. 2021.

[Probably related to William Stannard.]

(d. 1537) [ODNB sub Tempest family]

Rebel; joined the Pilgrimage of Grace; executed at Tyburn

Tempest and other rebels were executed in 1537. 1570, p. 1239; 1576, p. 1061; 1583, p. 1087.

(1505 - 1556)

Dramatist and scholar. Headmaster of Eton (1534 - 1542). Of Southampton. [DNB]

This is probably the Master Udall who gave Foxe a copy of Gardiner's sermon, preached before Edward VI in 1550. 1570, p. 1952, 1576, p. 1678, 1583, p. 1788.

(1504 - 1556) [ODNB]

Schoolmaster, playwright; BA 1524, MA 1534 Corpus Christi, Oxford; headmaster of Eton (1534 - 41); charged with buggery; canon of Windsor 1551; headmaster of Winchester 1555

After Thomas Garrard's arrest and escape, Anthony Dalaber went to see John Diet and Nicholas Udall, his 'faithful brethren'. 1563, p. 606; 1570, p. 1367; 1576, p. 1166; 1583, p. 1195.

Nicholas Udall recorded Stephen Gardiner's sermon, the record being presented to the commissioners at the time of Gardiner's examination. 1563, pp. 771-76.

Udall was a deponent in the case of Stephen Gardiner. 1563, p. 812

(1397 - 1455) [Kelly]

MTh Bologna 1422; papal ambassador; bishop of Bologna 1447; papal legate; cardinal 1446

Pope (1447 - 55)

The indulgences granted to the guild of our Lady in Boston by Nicholas V, Pius II and Sixtus IV and Leo X were renewed by Clement. 1570, p. 1347; 1576, p. 1150; 1583, p. 1178.

1461 - 1533)

Dean of Windsor (1509 - 1515). Bishop of Ely (1515 - 1533). [DNB]

Dr West preached against Latimer at Barwell Abbey. 1570, p. 1904, 1576, p. 1631, 1583, p. 1735.

Latimer's adversaries were listed: bishop of Ely (preached against him in King's College), Dr Watson (Master of Christ's College), Dr Norton (Master of Clare), Dr Philo (Master of Michael House), Dr Metcalfe (Master of St John), Dr Blith (of the King's Hall), Dr Bullock (Master of Queen's College), Dr Palmes (Master of St. Nicholas hostel), Bayne, Rud and Greenwood of St John's, Brikenden of St John's also and said to have been a scholar of Latimer's. 1563, p. 1307, 1570, p. 1904, 1576, p. 1631, 1583, p. 1735.

(d. 1533) [ODNB]

BA Cambridge 1487; MA 1490; LLD before 1500; treasurer of Chichester 1507; dean of St George's, Windsor (1509 - 1515); bishop of Ely (1515 - 33); diplomat

Thomas Wolsey, William Warham, Cuthbert Tunstall, John Fisher, Nicholas West, John Veysey, John Longland, John Clerk and Henry Standish took part in the examination of Thomas Bilney and Thomas Arthur in 1527-28. 1563, pp. 461-78; 1570, pp. 1134-46; 1576, pp. 971-81; 1583, pp. 998-1008.

Nicholas West took part in the examination of John Tewkesbury. 1563, p. 491; 1570, pp. 1165-66; 1576, p. 997; 1583, p. 1025.

West was one of the supporters of Queen Catherine before the papal legates considering the matter of the divorce. 1563, p. 458; 1570, p. 1193; 1576, p. 1022; 1583, p. 1050.

(d. 1557)

Of unknown occupation. Martyr. Of Kent.

Nicholas White was burned with six others at Canterbury on 19 June 1557. 1563, p. 1571, 1570, p. 2167, 1576, p. 1872, 1583, p. 1980.

(d. 1557) [Fines]

of Rye, then Winchelsea, Sussex; charged in London 1529; charged again 1536; burnt at Canterbury

Nicholas White was charged with heretical speaking in 1529. 1563, p. 419; 1570, p. 1184; 1576, p. 1013; 1583, p. 1041.

Henry VIII's confessor.

Wilson was one of the witnesses of Henry VIII's bill banning heretical books. 1563, pp. 1342-43.

Enemies of Latimer were Powell of Salisbury, Wilson of Cambridge, Hubberdin and Sherwood. 1570, p. 1906, 1576, p. 1633, 1583, p. 1738.

A friend of Latimer's told him that Wilson had gone to Beverley in Holdernesse and then on progress. 1563, p. 1317, 1570, p. 1912, 1576, p. 1633, 1583, p. 1742.

(d. 1548) [ODNB]

Clergyman and religious activist; chaplain and confessor to Henry VIII; archdeacon of Oxford 1528; rector of St Thomas the Apostle, London 1531; active in proceedings against heretics; imprisoned (1534 - 37) until he swore the succession oath; dean of Wimborne Minster (1537 - 47)

Nicholas Wilson was present at the condemnation of James Bainham in 1532 and counselled and admonished him. 1563, p. 499; 1570, p. 1171; 1576, p. 1002; 1583, p. 1029.

John Fisher, Sir Thomas More and Nicholas Wilson refused to swear an oath on the king's supremacy and were imprisoned in the Tower. Wilson eventually dissembled. 1570, p. 1200; 1576, p. 1028; 1583, p. 1056.

William Jerome preached a sermon in Lent at Paul's Cross. Wilson disputed with him. 1570, p. 1370; 1576, p. 1169; 1583, p. 1197.

An ex-chantry priest from Manchester.

In a letter to John Traves, John Bradford asked that an accompanying letter be given to Sir Nicholas Wolstoncross [Nicholas Wolsencroft]. 1583, p. 1662.

(1497? - 1567)

Secretary of State; Dean of Canterbury and of York [DNB]

Nicholas Wotton signed a royal dispensation of 5 August 1550, permitting Hooper to be consecrated without having to wear vestments. 1563, p. 1050; 1570, p. 1676; 1576, p. 1403 [recte 1430]; 1583, p. 1504.

Together with Sir John Mason, Wotton was appointed to adjudicate the charges made against Robert Ferrar by Hugh Rawlins and Thomas Lee. 1563, p. 1088; 1583, p. 1546.

(c. 1497 - 1567) [ODNB; Fasti]

Ecclesiastical lawyer, diplomat; DCnCL; DD

Archdeacon of Gloucester (1540 - ?); secretary of state 1549; dean of Canterbury (1541 - 67) and of York (1544 - 67); ambassador to France (1553 - 57)

Nicholas Wotton was one of the subscribers to the Bishops' Book. 1570, p. 1212; 1576, p. 1037; 1583, p. 1064.

Wotton was one of the signatories to the proclamation against Edward Seymour calling for his removal. 1570, p. 1547; 1576, p. 1318; 1583, p. 1368.

After Edmund Bonner was sentenced to prison and deprived of his bishopric, the king appointed Lord Rich, Henry marquess of Dorset, Thomas Goodrich, Lord Wentworth, Sir Anthony Wingfield, Sir William Herbert, Nicholas Wotton, Edward Montague, Sir John Baker, Judge Hales, John Gosnold, John Oliver and Griffith Leyson to examine his documents. They confirmed the sentence against him. 1563, p. 725; 1570, p. 1519; 1576, pp. 1287-88; 1583, p. 1330.

Lapsed Christian in the time of Decius

Under torture, Nicomachus denied that he was a Christian. After he had sacrificed to the gods, he had a fit and died. 1570, p. 92; 1576, p. 64; 1583, p. 64.

Reputed deacon in the time of Decius who fled, taking church goods; may after have died a martyr

Nicostratus is listed as a martyr. 1570, p. 91; 1576, p. 64; 1583, p. 63.

He fled taking church goods. 1570, p. 92; 1576, p. 65; 1583, p. 64.

He was imprisoned with Maximus and Moses. 1570, p. 93; 1576, p. 65; 1583, p. 65.

Martyrs at the time of St Sebastian

They are mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 127; 1576, p. 92 1583, p. 91.

(c. 1298 - c. 1363) Greek Orthodox archbishop of Thessalonica; theologian, scholar; author of a number of works critical of medieval Latin theology

Nilus Cabasilas was said to have included the true canons of the Nicene Council in his work. 1570, p. 1318; 1576, p. 1128; 1583, p. 1153.

Protestant minister. Frenchman. Formerly of Lady's Castle parish, Guernsey. Fled Guernsey at Mary's accession and went to Geneva. Living in St Martin le Grand, London by 1570. [Ogier, Reformation and Society in Guernsey (Woodbridge, Suffolk, 1996), p. 53.]

Noel Regnet performed a marriage ceremony between Perotine Massey and David Jones during Edward VI's reign. 1570, p. 2031, 1576, p. 1853, 1583, p. 1947.

(d. 1534) [Fines]

Scottish priest; MA St Andrews 1515; burnt at Edinburgh

James Hamilton, Katherine Hamilton, David Straiton, a woman of Leith, and Norman Gourlay were summoned to appear in the abbey church of Holyrood House, Edinburgh, by James Hay, commissioner to the archbishop of St Andrews, in the presence of King James V, who was dressed entirely in red. 1570, p. 1117; 1576, p. 955; 1583, p. 982.

Norman Gourlay was accused of denying purgatory and calling the pope antichrist. He refused to recant, was condemned and burnt. 1570, p. 1117; 1576, p. 956; 1583, p. 982.

(d. 1554) [ODNB]

Master of Rothes; soldier; eldest son of George Leslie, 4th earl of Rothes; sheriff of Fife; once friendly with David Beaton, but quarelled violently; after the execution of George Wishart led a group of Fife lairds who killed Beaton in 1546

Soon after the execution of George Wishart, David Beaton was murdered by Norman Leslie and other lords. 1570, p. 1448; 1576, p. 1235; 1583, p. 1272.

Anchoress in Norwich c. 1531

When Thomas Bilney moved to Norfolk, he confirmed an anchoress in Norwich whom he had converted. He gave her a copy of a New Testament translated by Tyndale and a copy of The Obedience of a Christian Man. 1563, p. 482; 1570, p. 1146; 1576, p. 981; 1583, p. 1008.

(d. 739) [ODNB]

Priest of London; informant for Bede on the history of Kent; searched Roman registers

Archbishop of Canterbury (735 - 39)

Nothhelm became archbishop in the same year that Bede died. 1570, p. 170; 1576, p. 129; 1583, p. 127.

(d. 258) [Kelly]

Scholar; antipope (251 - 58) against Cornelius

Established a schismatic church, which lasted several centuries

Novatian opposed the reinstatement of lapsed Christians. 1570, p. 84; 1576, p. 58; 1583, p. 58.

Novatian was a priest under Cyprian in Carthage, where he appointed Felicissimus deacon without Cyprian's knowledge and stirred up factions. He later went to Rome and set himself up as antipope in opposition to Cornelius. 1570, p. 93; 1576, p. 65; 1583, p. 64.

Some of Novatian's chief supporters eventually returned to Cornelius. A synod was held in Rome in opposition to him. 1570, p. 93; 1576, p. 65; 1583, p. 65.