Bishop of Amastris c. 200 [Gams; Catholic Encyclopedia]
Presided as senior bishop over a council of the bishops of Pontus held toward the close of C2 on the Easter question; he was on the side of Rome
Palmas supported the position of Pope Victor I on the celebration of Easter. 1570, p. 82; 1576, p. 56; 1583, p. 53.
In a letter Green asked Fleetwood to remember Wittrance and Cooke (he also stated that 'M Fernham and M Bell, with M Hussey (as I hope) will dispatch Palmer and Richardson with his companions'). 1563, p. 1466, 1570, p. 2028, 1576, p. 1747, 1583, p. 1855.
C3 Roman senator reputedly martyred with his wife and children
Pammachius and his family were beheaded in Rome, and their heads were hung up around the city. 1570, p. 85; 1576, p. 59; 1583, p. 59.
(d. c. 309) [Catholic Encyclopedia]
Presbyter of Caesarea; biblical scholar; friend and teacher of Eusebius; established a library and a school; martyr
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 110; 1576, p. 78; 1583, p. 78.
(d. c. 305) [Catholic Encyclopedia]
of Nicomedia; physician to Emperor Maximinian; martyr
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 128; 1576, p. 93; 1583, p. 92.
C2 leader of a Christian school of philosophy in Alexandria [Catholic Encyclopedia]
Pantenus found the gospel of Matthew in Hebrew. 1570, p. 79; 1576, p. 54; 1583, p. 53.
(1483 - 1552) [Gams; Catholic Encyclopdia]
of Como, Italy; ecclesiastical historian; doctor of medicine at Padua; professor of rhetoric at Rome; bishop of Nocera (1528 - 52); knighted by the pope
Cardinal Pole and Paolo Giovio both wrote adversely of Anne Boleyn. 1570, p. 1233; 1576, p. 1056; 1583, p. 1083.
(fl. 325) [Catholic Encyclopedia]
Attended and took a prominent part in the first council of Nicea in 325; decisive on clerical celibacy
Paphnutius stopped any restraint on the rule of celibacy for priests. 1570, p. 1317; 1576, p. 1127; 1583, p. 1152.
C2 Christian martyred under Marcus Aurelius at Pergamum. [Paul Keresztes, 'Marcus Aurelius a Persecutor?', The Harvard Theological Review, vol. 61, no. 3 (July, 1968) p. 323]
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 67; 1576, p. 44; 1583, p. 44.
Christian priest martyred at Córdoba under Decius, according to Bede.
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 92; 1576, p. 64; 1583, p. 64.
(d. 824) [Kelly]
Abbot of St Stephen's monastery
Pope (817 - 24); crowned Lothair emperor in 823.
Louis the Pious confirmed to Paschal I and his successors the rights and possessions of the see of Rome, including election of the bishop by the clergy and people of Rome 1570, pp. 5-6, 1576, pp. 4-5, 1583, p. 5.
He was elected by the clergy and people, with the consent of the emperor. 1563, pp. 2, 10.
(d. 1118) [Kelly]
Monk; cardinal-priest of St Clement's under Gregory VII c. 1078
Pope (1099 - 1118) against antipopes Clement III and Sylvester IV; crowned Henry V emperor
Archbishop Anselm continued to insist that married clergy renounce their wives in spite of the urging of Pope Paschal II to show leniency. 1570, p. 1332; 1576, p. 1136; 1583, p. 1165.
Bishop of Lilybaeum (Marsala); papal legate; presided over the Council of Chalcedon in 451 [Catholic Encyclopedia sub Council of Chalcedon
Paschasius wrote to Pope Leo I from the Council of Chalcedon, calling him the head of the church. 1570, p. 22; 1576, p. 17; 1583, p. 17.
(786 - c. 860) [Catholic Encyclopedia]
b. Soissons; monk of Corbie; theologian; wrote on the eucharist
Paschasius Radbertus was the first to write of transubstantiation. 1570, p. 1311; 1576, p. 1121; 1583, p. 1147.
Reputed son of Vortigern [ODNB sub Vortigern]
Said to have ruled the kingdoms of Buellt and Gwrtheyrnion
Pasgen was said to have poisoned Aurelius Ambrosius. 1570, p. 154; 1576, p. 114; 1583, p. 113.
C3 official in Rome; persecutor of Christians
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 97; 1576, p. 68; 1583, p. 68.
Daughter of Widow Bradbridge.
Widow Bradbridge had two children, Patience and Charity. She asked Thornden to protect them after her death but he refused. 1570, p. 2169, 1576, p. 1873, 1583, p. 1981.
(c. 1504 - 1528) [ODNB]
Theologian; protestant martyr
University of Paris 1517/18; MA 1520; at University of St Andrews 1524; University of Marburg 1527; returned to preach; subjected to a slow, horrific burning
Patrick Hamilton was the first at the University of Marburg to set up conclusions for disputation. He returned to Scotland to preach and was brought before Bishop Beaton and his colleagues. He was condemned the same day and burnt. 1563, p. 460; 1570, p. 1107; 1576, p. 947; 1583, p. 974.
(c. 1487 - 1573) [ODNB; Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae]
MP 1525; secretary to James V (1525 - 26)
Prior of St Andrews 1526; bishop of Moray (1538 - 73)
Patrick Hepburn was one of those who passed the sentence definitive on Patrick Hamilton in 1528. 1570, p. 1109; 1576, p. 948; 1583, p. 975.
Hepburn sat on the assize that deprived and exiled John Kerr. 1570, p. 1448; 1576, p. 1235; 1583, p. 1272.
He sat on the assize that tried and condemned Adam Wallace. 1570, pp. 1448-50; 1576, pp. 1235-36; 1583, pp. 1272-73.
Hepburn sat on the assize that tried and condemned Walter Mylne. 1570, p. 1452; 1576, p. 1238; 1583, p. 1275.
Provost of the city of St Andrews; steward to John Hamilton, archbishop of St Andrews
When the assize had condemned Walter Mylne and turned him over to the secular authority for execution, Patrick Learmond refused to judge him. 1570, p. 1452; 1576, p. 1238; 1583, p. 1275.
(1534? - 1555)
Martyr.
Patrick Packingham was apprehended, examined and condemned. 1563, p. 1244-45, 1570, p. 1864 , 1576, p. 1596, 1583, p. 1683.
Articles were bruoght against him and he gave answers. 1563, pp. 1246-47, 1570, pp. 1865-66 , 1576, pp. 1597-98, 1583, p. 1684-85.
On 1 July 1555 he appeared at the consistory court of St Paul's and was condemned on 5 July. 1563, p. 1249, 1570, p. 1867, 1576, p. 1597-8, 1583, p. 1685.
He was burned at Saffron Walden on 31 August 1555 ?. 1563, p. 1268, 1570, p. 1867, 1576, p. 1598, 1583, p. 1686
[or]
he was burned at Uxbridge with John Denley and John Newman around 28 August 1555. 1563, pp. 1267-68.
[Foxe also refers to him as 'Patrick Pattingham'.]
Martyr.
Foxe records a copy of Pattingham's confession. 1583, p. 2141.
[Also known as 'Patchingham'.]
Monk of Caen [ODNB sub Lanfranc]
Nephew of Archbishop Lanfranc; became 1st Norman abbot of St Albans (1077 - 93)
Matthew Paris suggested that Paul was actually the son of Lanfranc. 1570, p. 1331; 1576, p. 1135; 1583, p. 1164.
(c. 1504 - 1549) [ODNB]
b. Rheinzabern; protestant reformer, Hebraist; MA Heidelberg 1522; principal minister at Isny (1538 - 43); went to England with Bucer in 1549
Paul Fagius was brought to Cambridge by Edward Seymour. 1563, p. 684; 1570, p. 1486; 1576, p. 1260; 1583, p. 1296.
Peter Martyr, Martin Bucer and Paul Fagius were welcomed as scholars during the reign of Edward VI. 1570, p. 1552; 1576, p. 1323; 1583, p. 1373.
(d. 767) [Kelly]
Brother of Pope Stephen II
Pope (757 - 767); continued Stephen's policy of support for Pippin the Short; in conflict with Lombard king Desiderius
Emperor Constantine V Copronymus was excommunicated by Paul I for breaking images. Paul clothed the body of the daughter of St Peter richly. 1570, p. 174; 1576, p. 131; 1583, p. 130.
(1468 - 1549) [Kelly]
b. Canino; received a humanist education; treasurer of the Roman church 1492; cardinal-deacon 1493; bishop of Parma 1509; dean of cardinals
Pope (1534 - 1549)
Paul III promoted John Fisher to cardinal, but Fisher was executed before he could be elevated. 1570, p. 1216; 1576, p. 1042; 1583, p. 1069.
He called a general council at Mantua to deal with heresy and the problem of the Turks. All princes were required to attend or to send delegates. 1570, p. 1234; 1576, p. 1056; 1583, p. 1083.
Paul III sent Cardinal Pole to the French king to stir him to war against Henry VIII. 1570, p. 1239; 1576, p. 1061; 1583, p. 1087.
Warden of the Franciscan friars at Ware, Hertfordshire; charged in 1529 [Fines]
Paul Luther was charged with preaching against images, the power of saints and pilgimages. 1563, p. 419; 1570, p. 1184; 1576, p. 1013; 1583, p. 1040.
C4 bishop of Neocæsarea [Catholic Encyclopedia]
Attended the Council of Nicæa in 325
Paul had both his hands cut off during the persecution of Licinius, according to Nicephorus. 1570, p. 123; 1576, p. 88; 1583, p. 88.
(c. 385 - c. 420) [Catholic Encyclopedia]
Historian, theologian; disciple of Augustine at Hippo; assisted Jerome against Pelagius in Palestine. Wrote a history of the world.
Orosius attended the Council of Carthage in 420, along with Augustine and Prosper. 1570, p. 12; 1576, p. 10; 1583, p. 10.
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1563, p. , 1570, pp. 19, 54 -, 86, 94, 107, 113; 1576, pp. 15, 34 - , 60, 66, 76, 81; 1583, pp. 15, 34 - , 60, 66, 75, 80, 452.
Paul Peny was Elizabeth's jailor at Woodstock. 1563, p. 1715, 1570, p. 2294, 1576, p. 1986, 1583, p. 2291.
In an attempt to reinstate catholicism at the University of Cambridge, a commission under the direction of Cardinal Pole ordered the condemning and burning of the bones and books of Phagius and Martin Bucer. 1563, pp. 1537 [recte 1549]-1558 [recte 1570]
Scot, Watson and Christopherson interdicted St Michael's church, Cambridge, where Phagius was buried. 1563, p. 1538, 1570, p. 2143, 1576, p. 1863, 1583, p. 1957.
Scot, Watson and Christopherson discussed and agreed to the exhumation of Bucer and Phagius. 1563, p. 1541, 1570, p. 2145, 1576, p. 1866, 1583, p. 1958.
Phagius and Bucer were condemned. 1563, p. 1541, 1570, p. 2145, 1576, p. 1866, 1583, p. 1958.
(fl. C4) [Catholic Encyclopedia]
Regarded as the first Christian hermit; fled into the Egyptian desert to escape the Decian persecution
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 91; 1576, p. 63; 1583, p. 63.
(d. 644) [ODNB]
Bishop of York 625 and of Rochester 633; one of the monks sent by Gregory I in 601; worked to convert Eadwine of Northumbria
Eadwine of Northumbria was converted and baptised by Paulinus at York. 1563, p. 18; 1570, pp. 150, 163; 1576, pp. 112, 122; 1583, pp. 111, 121.
Eadwine was reluctant to convert, but Paulinus worked patiently to persuade him. Paulinus baptised many people in the rivers of the realm, and he built a stone church at Lincoln. 1570, p. 163; 1576, p. 122; 1583, p. 121.
Paulinus was the first bishop of York, consecrated by Justus, archbishop of Canterbury. Upon the death of Justus, Paulinus consecrated Honorius as his successor. 1570, p. 163; 1576, p. 122; 1583, p. 121.
After the death of King Eadwine, and the conquest by Cadwallon of Gwynedd and Penda of Mercia, the subsequent disorder forced Paulinus to flee into Kent, along with Queen Æthelburh and her daughter Eanflæd. There Paulinus became bishop of Rochester. 1570, p. 163; 1576, p. 122; 1583, p. 121.
Old man who spoke to Saint Jerome
Paulus told Jerome that when he was a young man, he met an old man who was a notary of Cyprian of Carthage. The notary told him that Cyprian read Tertullian daily. 1570, p. 99; 1576, pp. 69-70; 1583, p. 69.
(d. 1533); town clerk of the city of London
Edward Hall reported that Pavier had said that if the king sanctioned an English edition of the scriptures and allowed people to read it, he (Pavier) would cut his throat. He was at the burning of James Bainham (Foxe calls him Richard Bainham), calling for the heretic to be burnt. The next year he hanged himself. 1570, p. 1199; 1576, p. 1027; 1583, p. 1055.
(d. 656) [ODNB]
Son of Penda of Mercia; sub-king under his father; son-in-law of Oswiu of Northumbria
Baptised by Finán of Lindisfarne in 653
King of the Mercians south of the Trent (655 - 56); murdered, alledgedly through the treachery of his wife
King Penda gave his consent to the marriage of his son Peada with Alhflæd, daughter of Oswiu of Northumbria. A condition set by Oswiu was Peada's promise to convert to Christianity, which he did after the death of his father. 1570, p. 164; 1576, p. 123; 1583, p. 122.
Peada reigned with his brother Wulfhere. He was killed by his wife. 1570, p. 150; 1576, p. 112; 1583, p. 111.
(1390 - 1449)
Son of Phillipa of Lancaster and João I, king of Portugal
Duke of Coimbra, called the prince of Portugal; regent of Portugal (1438 - 48)
Henry Chichele, archbishop of Canterbury, and Pedro, prince of Portugal, had to ride eight times daily in an attempt to calm the dispute between Humphrey of Lancaster and Henry Beaufort. 1563, p. 882; 1570, p. 1551; 1576, p. 1322; 1583, p. 1372.
(d. 1515) [ODNB sub Robert Curson]
Burnt at Ipswich
Peke lived at Earls Stoneham and was burnt at Ipswich. He refused to recant at his burning. 1570, p. 1292; 1576, p. 1106; 1583, pp. 1131-32.
(d. 590) [Kelly]
Pope (579 - 90); died of plague
Pelagius argued against the title of universal bishop or patriarch. 1570, p. 21; 1576, p. 17; 1583, pp. 16, 17.
Pelagius and the Romans would not allow Gregory (later Pope Gregory I) to go himself as a missionary to England. 1570, p. 155; 1576, p. 116; 1583, p. 115.
(d. early C4); bishops in Egypt; martyrs
Peleus and Nilus are mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 111; 1576, p. 79; 1583, p. 79.
C4 persecutors in the east under Galerius
They are mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 115; 1576, p. 82; 1583, p. 82.
(d. 655) [ODNB]
King of the Mercians (c. 626 - 55)
Defeated Eadwine and Oswald of Northumbria; made alliances with Britons to the west of Mercia; beheaded by Oswiu
Penda killed in battle Eadwine and Oswald of Northumbria, Sigeberht, Ecgric and Anna of the East Angles, and drove out Cenwalh of the West Saxons. 1570, p. 150; 1576, p. 112; 1583, p. 111.
Penda and Cadwallon of Gwynedd killed Eadwine of Northumbria and his son in battle at Hatfield. 1570, p. 163; 1576, p. 122; 1583, p. 121.
Eanfrith of Bernicia and Osric of Deira were killed in battle by Cadwallon of Gwynedd and Penda of Mercia. 1570, p. 163; 1576, p. 122; 1583, p. 121.
Cadwallon of Gwynedd and Penda of Mercia, having defeated and killed Eadwine, Eanfrith and Osric, attempted the same with Oswald. After a fierce battle, Oswald's forces prevailed. 1570, p. 163; 1576, p. 122; 1583, p. 121.
Sigeberht of the East Angles, who had entered a monastery, came out to lead an army against Penda, but refused to bear arms himself. He was killed in battle. 1570, p. 151; 1576, p. 113; 1583, p. 112.
Penda gave his consent to the marriage of his son Peada with Alhflæd, daughter of Oswiu of Northumbria. 1570, p. 164; 1576, p. 123; 1583, p. 122.
Penda killed Oswald of Northumbria in battle; Penda was killed in battle by Oswiu, Oswald's brother. 1570, p. 164; 1576, p. 123; 1583, p. 122.
Companion of William Gardiner; Foxe's source for his martyrdom
Pendigrace was examined at the same time as Gardiner. He was imprisoned for two years. 1563, p. 877; 1570, p. 1543; 1576, p. 1315; 1583, p. 1365.
Penicote was keeper of the jail between Salisbury and Wilton. 1570, p. 2073, 1576, p. 1788, 1583, p. 1894.
He held Alice Coberley, the wife of the martyr William Coberley, in his house while her husband was in prison. 1570, p. 2073, 1576, p. 1788, 1583, p. 1894.
On 14 February 1555 Creswell, an old acquaintance of Bradford, went to visit Bradford in prison. He offered to make suit for Bradford. He returned later, at 11 o'clock, with another man and gave Bradford a book by Thomas More, desiring him to read it. He told Bradford that the lords of York, Lincoln and Bath wished to speak with him. 1563, p. 1200, 1570, pp. 1790-91, 1576, p. 1529, 1583, pp. 1612-13 .
Willerton visited Bradford with Creswell, Harding, Harpsfield and others. 1570, p. 1790, 1576, p. 1528, 1583, p. 1612.
On 15 February 1555 Cresswell and another man went to see Bradford once more, and waited on Nicholas Harspfield who discussed the way to enter the kingdom of heaven and baptism with Bradford. 1563, pp. 1200-01, 1570, p. 1791, 1576, p. 1529, 1583, p. 1613.
Cresswell again implored Bradford to ask Harpsfield to make suit for him (on 16 February 1555). 1563, p. 1204,, 1570, p. 1792, 1576, p. 1530, 1583, p. 1614.
.Servant to Bishop Baynes. Jailor to Robert Glover.
Percy was cruel to Robert Glover. 1563, p. 1281, 1570, p. 1889, 1576, p. 1618, 1583, p. 1712.
He held a discussion with Glover. 1563, p. 1281, 1570, p. 1889., 1576, p. 1618, 1583, p. 1712.
[Foxe also refers to him as 'Perlye'.]
Legendary missionary and bishop of Auxerre sent by Pope Sixtus; martyr
Peregrinus refused to sacrifice to the gods and was pressed to death with weights at Rome. 1570, p. 76; 1576, p. 52; 1583, p. 52.
Judge during the reign of Commodus; persecutor of Christians
Perennius sentenced Apollonius to have his legs broken. 1570, p. 76; 1576, p. 52; 1583, p. 52.
C3 persecutor of Christians
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 97; 1576, p. 68; 1583, p. 68.
Possibly children martyred in Tuscany under Decius
They are mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 92; 1576, p. 64; 1583, p. 64.
(d. 1556)
Daughter of Katherine Cauches. Martyr. Of S Pierre Port, Guernsey.
[Ogier, Reformation and Society in Guernsey (Woodbridge, Suffolk, 1996), pp. 57-58.]
Perotine Massey lived with her mother, Katherine Cauches, and her sister, Guillemine Gilbert. 1563, p. 1542, 1570, p. 2127, 1576, p. 1849, 1583, p. 1943.
Vincent Gosset took a stolen silver cup to her in the hope of receiving money from her against it. 1563, p. 1542, 1570, p. 2127, 1576, p. 1849, 1583, p. 1943.
Thomas Effart testified that Massey informed the cup's owner, Nicholas le Conronney, of the cup's theft and Gosset was then apprehended. 1563, p. 1542, 1570, p. 2127, 1576, p. 1849, 1583, p. 1943.
Massey was imprisoned with her sister and mother because of the stolen cup brought to their house by Vincent Gosset. 1563, p. 1542, 1570, p. 2127, 1576, p. 1849, 1583, p. 1943.
Massey was found not guilty of theft but retained for not going to church. 1563, p. 1542, 1570, p. 2127, 1576, p. 1849, 1583, p. 1943.
Her case was put before Jaques Amy, the dean of Guernsey. 1563, p. 1542, 1570, p. 2127, 1576, p. 1849, 1583, p. 1943.
A letter was sent from the Helier Gosselin (bailiff), lieutenant and jurats of S Pierre Port to Jaques Amy regarding the three accused women. 1563, p. 1542, 1570, p. 2127-28, 1576, p. 1849, 1583, p. 1943.
Foxe states that on 14 July 1556 Perotine Massey was examined before Hellier Gosselin, in the presence of Richard Devike, Pierre Martin, Nicholas Cary, John Blundel, Nicholas de Lisle, John Le Marchant, John le Fevre, Pierre Bonamy, Nicholas Martin, John de la March (jurats), and Jaques Amy. 1563, p. 1543, 1570, p. 2128, 1576, p. 1849, 1583, pp. 1943-44.
She was condemned as a heretic on 17 or 27 of July 1556. 1563, p. 1543, 1570, p. 2128, 1576, p. 1850, 1583, p. 1944.
She was first strangled but the rope broke. She gave birth in the flames. 1563, p. 1544, 1570, p. 2128, 1576, p. 1851, 1583, p. 1945.
Her child was initially saved by W. House but the bailiff insisted that the baby boy be thrust back into the flames. 1563, p. 1544, 1570, p. 2128, 1576, p. 1851, 1583, p. 1945.
(d. 1556) [Ogier, Reformation and Society in Guernsey (1966) pp. 57-58]
Of S Pierre Port, Guernsey; daughter of Katherine Cauches. Martyr
She is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 1456; 1576, p. 1241; 1583, p. 1278.
Nephew of Edmund Bonner. Visited at his home in Stortford, Hertfordshire, by Bonner (1570, p. 1645; 1576, p. 1403; 1583, p. 1474).
(126 - 193) [M. L. Meckler www.roman-emperors.org]
Teacher of grammar; soldier; urban of Rome 189
Roman emperor (192 - 93); killed by mutinous troops
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, pp. 39, 56, 79; 1576, pp. 31, 36, 54; 1583, pp. 31, 36, 54.
(d. early C4) Christian at Diocletian's court; martyr
Peter had been well treated at court. He was then beaten and burnt to death. 1570, p. 110; 1576, p. 79; 1583, p. 78.
of Phrygia; reputed martyr under Decius
Peter suffered under the consul Optimus. 1570, p. 88; 1576, p. 61; 1583, p. 61.
of Calais
Peter Bequet made accusations of treason in Calais, but was later sent to England and charged. He was released and sent home. 1570, p. 1404; 1576, p. 1197; 1583, p. 1226.
Jurat (dismissed in 1565, but pardoned of all previous offences on 18 February 1566). Of St Martin, Guernsey. [See Ogier, Reformation and Society in Guernsey (Woodbridge, Suffolk, 1996), p. 57, for the Jurats in Massey's case.]
Foxe states that on 14 July 1556 Perotine Massey was examined before Hellier Gosselin, in the presence of Richard Devike, Pierre Martin, Nicholas Cary, John Blundel, Nicholas de Lisle, John Le Marchant, John le Fevre, Pierre Bonamy, Nicholas Martin, John de la March (jurats), and Jaques Amy. 1563, p. 1543, 1570, p. 2128, 1576, p. 1849, 1583, pp. 1943-44.
Peter Bonamy took part in the examination and condemnation of Perotine Massey, Katherine Cauches and Guillemine Gilbert. 1563, pp. 1542-43, 1570, pp. 2127-28, 1576, p. 1849, 1583, p. 1943.
He was later forced to beg pardon for his involvement in the deaths of Perotine Massey, Katherine Cauches and Guillemine Gilbert. 1570, pp. 2130-31, 1576, pp. 1851-52, 1583, pp. 1945-46.
of St Nicholas Shambles; one of 4 presented in 1541 for nonattendance on holy days
Peter Butcher was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1376; 1576, p. 1174; 1583, p. 1203.
(d. 1535) [Fasti]
DTh; canon and prebendary of Exeter (1500 - 35)
Peter Carslegh was one of those seeking the identity of the person who had posted antipapal papers on the cathedral doors at Exeter in 1531. 1570, p. 1181; 1576, p. 1010; 1583, p. 1038.
Provost of St Salvator's College, St Andrews University 1550x1551 [Fasti ecclesiae scoticanae]
Peter Chaplain sat on the assize that condemned Sir John Borthwick for heresy. 1563, p. 575; 1583, p. 1259.
Priest; troubled c. 1530 [Fines]
Peter Fenne, along with many others, abjured. 1570, p. 1191; 1576, p. 1019; 1583, p. 1048.
Commissary of Derby.
Peter Finch persecuted Joan Waste of Derby. 1563, p. 1545, 1570, p. 2137, 1576, p. 1858, 1583, p. 1951.
Waste was brought out of prison by Peter Finch. 1570, p. 2137, 1576, p. 1858, 1583, p. 1952.
(d. 380) [Gams]
Patriarch of Alexandria (373 - 80)
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 23; 1576, p. 18; 1583, p. 18.
(fl. 1541 - 1559) [Fasti; Emden]
BTh Oxford 1540; canon of Winchester (1541 - 59), deprived
Peter Langrysh was a deponent in the case of Stephen Gardiner. 1563, p. 839.
(d. 1538) [Emden]
BCL Oxford 1504; BCnL 1513; DCnL 1516; canon of St Paul's (1533 - 38); advocate of the court of Arches 1519; dean of Arches (1528 - 38); official of the court of Canterbury 1529
Peter Ligham was present and agreed to the pronouncement of sentence against Richard Bayfield. 1563, p. 489; 1570, p. 1164; 1576, p.996 ; 1583, p. 1024.
Public notary, registrar to the king's commissioners in 1547
Peter Lily read the interrogatories and articles of the king's commissioners to Edmund Bonner, bishop of London. He then registered Bonner's protestation. 1570, p. 1501; 1576, p. 1273; 1583, p. 1309.
Pierre Lizet was a noted avocat before the parlement of Paris before becoming a magistrate there and président of the parlement. Foxe described him as the 'author' of the special tribunal within the parlement, established to pursue the legal prosecution of heretics in November 1547 (the 'Chambre Ardente' or 'burning chamber') - although, in reality, his involvement was simply as its president. Foxe was more interested in his removal from office, reporting that he had lost his sanity (1570, pp. 2309-10, 1576, pp. 1999-2000, 1583, pp. 2108-09). In reality, his retirement in 1550 was as a result of court intrigue. In his retirement, he occupied himself in writing a legal handbook and fashioning himself as an anti-protestant religious polemicist.
(c. 1100 - 1160x04) [Catholic Encyclopedia]
Scholastic theologian; educated in Italy, Reims, Paris; taught at the cathedral school. Archbishop of Paris (1158/9 - 60); wrote Book of Sentences
Joachim of Fiore wrote against Peter Lombard. These writings of Joachim were especially condemned at the fourth Lateran Council. 1570, p. 1313, 1576, p. 1124, 1583, p. 1149.
(1500 - 1562) [DNB; Hillerbrand, Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation]
About 5 September 1553 Peter Martyr arrived in London from Oxford (where he had been held under arrest) and met with Cranmer to discuss their participating in a disputation to defend the Book of Common Prayer at Oxford. But Cranmer was arrested and Martyr deported (1563, p. 905; 1570, p. 1571; 1576, p. 1339; 1583, p. 1497 [recte 1409]).
Peter Martyr was permitted to leave the realm and returned to Strasburg (1570, p. 1579; 1576, p. 1347; 1583, p. 1418).
On 14 February 1555 at 3 o'clock Dr Harding went to see John Bradford in prison and talked of his fear for Bradford's soul after excommunication, and said that he himself had spoken against Peter Martir, Martin Bucer, Luther and others for their beliefs. 1563, p. 1200, 1570, pp. 1790-91, 1576, p. 1529, 1583, pp. 1612-13 .
Foxe states that he omitted the talk Bradford and Pendleton had of 'my lord of Canterbury, of Peter Martirs boke, of Pendleto[n]s letter laid to Bradford', a discussion held on 28 March 1555. 1563, p. 1214, 1570, p. 1804, 1576, p. 1540, 1583, p. 1623.
Ridley was converted through reading Bertram's book of the sacrament, and confirmed in his beliefs through conference with Cranmer and Peter Martyr. 1570, p. 1895 1576, p. 1623, 1583, p. 1717.
Bartlet Green was converted through attending Peter Martyr's lectures at Oxford. 1563, p. 1458, 1570, p. 2021, 1576, p. 1742, 1583, p. 1850.
Peter Martyr wrote a book against Gardiner's Marcus Anthonius Constantius. 1570, p. 2045, 1576, p. 1764, 1583, p. 1870.
Julins Palmer borrowed Peter Martyr's Commentaries on I Corinthians, which helped to convert him. 1570, p. 2118, 1576, p. 1841 [recte 1829], 1583, p. 1935.
Foxe states that those who were blinded with ignorance or malice thought Peter Martyr not a learned man. 1563, p. 1474 [recte 1472].
[Also referred to as 'Peter Martyr']
Nicholas Carre wrote a letter to John Cheke about Martin Bucer, which was then passed on to Peter Martyr. 1563, p. 1540, 1570, p. 2145, 1576, p. 1865, 1583, p. 1957.
(d. 1601) (DNB
See J. Webb, 'Peter Moone of Ipswich [d. 1601]. A Tudor Tailor, Poet and Gospeller and his Circle,' Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and History, 38 (1993).
Author of STC 18055-6 and 20661-3.
See also A. G. Dickens, Notes and Queries (1954), p. 513.
Presented before Hopton (bishop of Norwich) and Dunning (chancellor) during their visitation of Ipswich in 1556. Three articles were presented against him and his answers given. 1570, p. 2126, 1576, p. 1847, 1583, p. 1942.
After questioning by Hopton, he relented. 1570, p. 2126, 1576, p. 1847, 1583, p. 1942.
Moone felt troubled because of his denial. He contemplated suicide. As they went to leave after their examination, Dunning told Peter Moone and his wife that they had to see him, for he was sure that they were heretics. 1570, p. 2126, 1576, p. 1847, 1583, p. 1942.
Hopton and Dunning left without reexamining Moone and his wife. 1570, p. 2126, 1576, p. 1847, 1583, p. 1942.
Moone was the source for the story of Agnes Wardall. 1570, pp. 2124-25, 1576, pp. 1846-47, 1583, pp. 1940-41.
(d. 311) [Catholic Encyclopedia]
Bishop of Alexandria (300 - 11); fled the city in 306. Melitius was installed, resulting in schism. Peter returned and was martyred.
Peter excommunicated Meletius, bishop of Lycopolis, for sacrificing to the gods. 1570, p. 113; 1576, p. 81; 1583, p. 80.
Peter was martyred at Alexandria in the reign of Maximinus Daia. 1570, p. 117; 1576, p. 84; 1583, p. 83.
Of Hadleigh. Peter Soyce was a servant of John Clerk [John Craig, 'Reformers, conflict and revisionism: the Reformation in sixteenth-century Hadleigh', Historical Journal 42 (1999), p. 20].
Rowland Taylor gave Soyce his boots at his execution. 1563, p. 1079; 1570, p. 1702; 1576, p. 1453; 1583, p. 1526.
Soyce is described by Foxe as a drunkard. He heaped faggots around Rowland Taylor. 1563, p. 1079; 1570, p. 1703; 1576, p. 1453; 1583, p. 1527.
At Taylor's burning, Soyce struck the martyr over the head with a halberd, causing his brains to fall out of his skull. 1563, 1079; 1570, p. 1703; 1576, p. 1454; 1583, p. 1527.
[Ogier]
Peter Tardise was one of the justices who pronounced the sentence of execution for heresy on Perotine Massey, Katherine Cauches and Guillemine Gilbert. 1563, p. 1543, 1570, p. 2128, 1576, p. 1850 [recte 1838], 1583, p. 1944.
(c. 1092 - 1156)[Catholic Encyclopedia]
General of Benedictine order c. 1122; abbot of Cluny; attended the Council of Pisa in 1134 and the Council of Reims in 1147
Writer; adviser to kings and popes
Writing to Bernard of Clairvaux, Peter noted that the Scots celebrated Easter according to the Greek, rather than the Roman, fashion. 1570, p. 145; 1576, p. 107; 1583, p. 106.
Pygot and Wolsey were visited in prison by a chaplain of Bishop Goodricke's who was of French birth, Peter Valentius. He was almoner there for twenty years prior to his meeting with them. Valentius questioned Pygot and Wolsey on their beliefs. 1570, p. 1893, 1576, p. 1621,1583, p. 1715.
(c. 1488 - 1563) [ODNB; Fasti]
Italian humanist; diplomat; BTh Cambridge; Wolsey's Latin secretary 1514; Latin secretary to Henry VIII and Edward VI; dean of Salisbury (1536 - 63), resigned
The Italian language of Richard Pace was said to rival that of Peter Vannes. 1570, p. 1124; 1576, p. 963; 1583, p. 989.
Peter Vannes, in Rome as one of Henry VIII's ambassadors, received instructions from the king relating to the promoting of Thomas Wolsey as pope, if Clement VII were dead. 1570, p. 1126; 1576, p. 1301; 1583, p. 1351.
Peter Vannes was present at St Paul's when the king's commissioners came to administer the oath to Bishop Bonner. 1570, p. 1501; 1576, p. 1272; 1583, p. 1309.
(d. 1557)
Martyr. Wife of Walter Appleby. Of Maidstone
William Wood offered sanctuary in his house to Walter Appleby and his wife, but within a fortnight the bishop of Rochester sent his chief man to bring them to Rochester, where they were imprisoned. 1583, p. 2145.
Petronil Appleby was burned with her husband and five others at Maidstone on 18 June 1557. 1570, p. 2167, 1576, p. 1872, 1583, p. 1979.
(d. 1400 - 1406) [Catholic Encyclopedia]
Bishop of Equilio (c. 1370 - 1400) [Gams]; wrote a collection of the lives of the saints
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, pp. 68, 104, 131; 1576, pp. 45, 73, 95; 1583, pp. 45, 73, 94.
Philcronius, bishop of Babylon, Thesiphon, bishop of Pamphilia, and Nestor, bishop, were martyrs under Decius, according to Bede.
They are mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 92; 1576, p. 64; 1583, p. 64.
(d. 311) [Gams]
Scholar; bishop of Thmuis; martyred at Alexandria
Phileas wrote a letter in which he described the torments meted out to the martyrs. He praised the fortitude of the martyrs in Alexandria, whose executions he himself witnessed. 1570, p. 112, 113; 1576, p. 80; 1583, pp. 79-80.
According to Bede, Phileas, a bishop, and Philocomus were martyred during the reign of Decius in Africa
[According to Eusebius, Phileas and Philoromus were martyred together at Alexandria in 311. Phileas was a scholar and bishop of Thmuis martyred in 311 [Gams]
They are mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 92; 1576, p. 64; 1583, p. 64.
Roman with whom Dionysius of Alexandria corresponded
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 87; 1576, p. 61; 1583, p. 60.
Bishop of Antioch (c. 223 - 30) [Gams]
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 86; 1576, p. 59; 1583, p. 59.
(d. 1530)
Prince of Orange (1502 - 1530), viceroy of Naples (1528 - 30); commander of imperial forces in Italy; killed at siege of Florence
The prince of Orange and the marques del Vasto besieged the Castel Sant'Angelo, where Clement VII and many cardinals had taken refuge during the attack on Rome in 1527. 1570, p. 1123; 1576, p. 961; 1583, p. 988.
C2 Christian martyred in Rome; called a son of Felicitas; martyred with her. [Catholic Encyclopedia sub Felicitas]
Philip had his brains beaten out. 1570, p. 67; 1576, p. 44; 1583, p. 44.
(c. 237 - 249) [M. L. Meckler and C. Koerner www.roman-emperors.org]
Co-emperor with his father Philip the Arab (247 - 49); murdered after his father's death in 249
Philip was converted with his father and the rest of his family by Pope Fabian and Origen. 1570, p. 86; 1576, p. 60; 1583, p. 59.
Under-marshal of the Marshalsea
Andrew testified that he rebuked John Tooley for his prayer denouncing the pope. 1563, p. 1144; 1570, p. 1758; 1576, p. 1501; 1583, p. 1585.
Under-marshal of the Marshalsea
After his fifth examination in 1549, Edmund Bonner was committed to the Marshalsea, and Andrew Philip was put in charge of his keeping. 1563, p. 719; 1570, p. 1515; 1576, p. 1284; 1583, p. 1326.
of Boxtead, Essex [Fines]
Philip Brasier was charged in London in 1531 for speaking against transubstantiation, images and pilgrimages. 1563, p. 419; 1570, p. 1187; 1576, p. 1016; 1583, p. 1044.
Britten testified about John Tooley's prayer from the scaffold denouncing the pope. He also testified that he gave one of the papers from which Tooley had read to Thomas Way. 1563, p. 1145; 1570, p. 1758; 1576, p. 1501; 1583, p. 1585.
of Rolvenden, Kent; abjured; witness against the Kent martyrs 1511
Philip Harwood abjured in Kent in 1511. 1570, p. 1455; 1576, p. 1241; 1583, p. 1278.
Philip Harwood was a witness against John Browne and Edward Walker. 1570, p. 1455; 1576, p. 1240; 1583, p. 1276.
(d. 1558)
Tailor. Martyr. Of Onehouse, Suffolk.
The writ for Humphrey's burning was signed by Sir Clement Higham. 1563, p. 1672, 1570, p. 2249, 1576, p. 1942, 1583, p. 2049.
Humphrey was burned at Bury shortly before the death of Mary. 1563, p. 1672, 1570, p. 2249, 1576, p. 1942, 1583, p. 2049.
(1504 - 1567)
Leading supporter of reformation; landgrave of Hesse (1518 - 67)
Met Luther at the Diet of Worms in 1521; founded the Lutheran University of Marburg; with John Frederick, leader of the Schmalkaldic League; imprisoned by the emperor (1547 - 52)
Patrick Hamilton went to the Philip's University of Marburg soon after it was founded. 1563, p. 460; 1570, p. 1107; 1576, p. 946; 1583, p. 974.
(1165 - 1223) [J. W. Baldwin, NCMH, vol. 4:2, pp. 510, 519-29]
King of France (1179 - 1223); took Maine, Touraine, Anjou, Brittany and Normandy from King John 1199 - 1216
According to Simon Fish's Supplication for the Beggars, Innocent III imposed an interdict on England because King John wished to punish those conspiring with Philip Augustus 1563, p. 446; 1570, p. 1154; 1576, p. 988; 1583, p. 1015.
(1497 - 1560) [C. Scott Dixon, M. Greengrass, www.leedstrinity.ac.uk/histcourse/reformat/biograph.htm]
Educated at Heidelberg (1509 - 12) and Tübingen (1512 - 18); professor of Greek at Wittenberg 1518; protestant reformer, associate of Luther; split the Lutheran movement
In his oration for his BTh at Cambridge, Hugh Latimer spoke against Philip Melancthon. He was heard by Thomas Bilney, who converted him to a reformed position. 1570, p. 1146; 1576, p. 981; 1583, p. 1008.
Robert Barnes fled England and went to Germany, where he found favour with Luther, Melancthon, Bugenhagen, Justus Jonas, Hegendorph, Aepinus, the duke of Saxony and the king of Denmark. 1563, p. 603; 1570, p. 1366; 1576, p. 1165; 1583, p. 1194.
Melancthon wrote a letter to Henry VIII against the Six Articles. In it he complained of the imprisonment of Hugh Latimer, Edward Crome and Nicholas Shaxton. 1570, pp. 1340-44; 1576, pp. 1144-47; 1583, pp. 1172-76.
Imperial ambassador and Chancellor of the order of the Golden Fleece (CSP Com. Mary I, p. 31)
His arrival on 2 January 1554 is mentioned by Foxe who calls him 'Chancellour Nigre' (1570, p. 1636; 1576, p. 1396; 1583, p. 1467).
(d. 249) [M. L. Meckler and C. Koerner www.roman-emperors.org]
Roman emperor (244 - 49); killed during mutiny
Philip and his family were converted to Christianity by Pope Fabian and Origen. 1570, p. 86; 1576, p. 60; 1583, p. 59.
He was said to have been converted by the Roman Christian priest Portius. 1570, p. 91; 1576, p. 64; 1583, p. 63.
Philip and his son were killed by Trajan Decius because they were Christians. 1570, p. 86; 1576, p. 60; 1583, p. 59.
(fl. 1519 - 1558)
Wealthy merchant of Ipswich. Chamerlain of Ipswich (1550 - 1551). Treasurerr of Ipswich (1557 - 1558). MP for Ipswich 1558. (Bindoff).
Philip Ulmes of Ipswich was a persecutor of protestants. 1570, p. 2124, 1576, p. 1846, 1583, p. 1940.
A complaint was made by Williams, Steward and Butler about protestants in Ipswich on 18 May 1556. 1576, p. 1981, 1583, p. 2089.
Philip Williams, John Steward and Matthew Butler accused 22 parishioners in Ipswich of not taking the sacrament. 1576, p. 1981, 1583, p. 2089.
A complaint was made against several parishioners in Ipswich by Philip Williams, John Steward and Matthew Butler. 1576, p. 1981, 1583, p. 2090.
[Alias Footman]
(fl. 1519 - 1558)
Wealthy merchant of Ipswich. Chamerlain of Ipswich (1550 - 1551). Treasurerr of Ipswich (1557 - 1558). MP for Ipswich 1558. (Bindoff).
Philip Ulmes of Ipswich was a persecutor of protestants. 1570, p. 2124, 1576, p. 1846, 1583, p. 1940.
A complaint was made by Williams, Steward and Butler about protestants in Ipswich on 18 May 1556. 1576, p. 1981, 1583, p. 2089.
Philip Williams, John Steward and Matthew Butler accused 22 parishioners in Ipswich of not taking the sacrament. 1576, p. 1981, 1583, p. 2089.
A complaint was made against several parishioners in Ipswich by Philip Williams, John Steward and Matthew Butler. 1576, p. 1981, 1583, p. 2090.
[Alias Footman]
(1268 - 1314) [W. C. Jordan, NCMH,vol 5; pp. 302-13]
King of France (1285 - 1314)
Taxed French clergy highly; had Pope Boniface VIII arrested; moved papacy to Avignon; disbanded the Knights Templar in France
Philippe IV restricted papal exactions on the French church. 1570, p. 10; 1576, p. 8; 1583, p. 8.
(d. c. 714) [B. Neil, www.roman-emperors.org]
Eastern Roman emperor (711 - 13)
Came out publicly as a monothelite in 712; Pope Constantine refused to recognise him as emperor
Blinded, deposed and exiled by supporters of Anastasius II
Emperors Philippicus Bardanes and Leo III were in conflict with popes. Philippicus lost both his empire and his eyes. 1570, p. 172; 1576, p. 130; 1583, p. 129.
Priest of the Roman church; papal legate to the Council of Carthage in 419
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 13; 1576, p. 10; 1583, p. 10.
Legendary C3 governor of Alexandria
Foxe gives the story of Philippus and his daughter Eugenia as related by later historians, but believes it to be untrue. 1570, pp. 104-05; 1576, pp. 73-74; 1583, pp. 73-74.
(d. early C4); of Alexandria; martyr
Philoromus was a wealthy noblemen. Dispite the persuasions of his friends to recant, he continued to adhere to the faith until he was killed. Eusebius of Caesarea witnessed his martyrdom. 1570, p. 128; 1576, p. 93; 1583, p. 92.
(d. 610) [Baum,W. www.roman-emperors.org sub Maurice]
Officer in the Roman army; led rebellion against Maurice; killed Maurice and his sons
Eastern Roman emperor (602 - 10); beheaded
Phocas murdered Emperor Maurice and his children. 1570 p. 161; 1576, p. 121; 1583, p. 120.
Pope Gregory I was subject to Phocas. 1570, p. 7; 1576, p. 6; 1583, p. 6.
Because Phocas wanted the favour of the people, Boniface III was able to obtain from him the title of universal bishop. Phocas issued a decree giving Rome and its bishop supremacy over the church. 1563, p. 9; 1570, p. 161; 1576, p. 121; 1583, p. 120.
Phocas in turn was killed by his successor. 1570 p. 161; 1576, p. 121; 1583, p. 120.
Legendary late C1 bishop of Sinope in Pontus and gardener; martyr
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 65; 1576, p. 40; 1583, p. 40.
Reputed deacon/bishop at Lyons; martyr at Lyons during the reign of Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus
Photinus instituted Irenæus into the ministry and, along with others in the church at Lyons, commended him by letter to Pope Eleutherius. 1570, p. 80; 1576, p. 55; 1583, p. 55.
Photinus, an old man, was beaten by the crowd and died in prison. 1570, p. 70; 1576, p. 47; 1583, p. 47.
(c. 815 - 897) [Catholic Encyclopedia]
Greek scholar; wrote an encyclopedia, Myrobiblion. Chief secretary of state, captain of the Life Guard.
Patriarch of Constantinople 857 after Ignatius was deposed; precipitated a schism between the Eastern and Western churches. He was deposed in 867, reinstated in 878, deposedand banished in 886
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 74; 1576, p. 50; 1583, p. 50.
(1520? - 1572)
French protestant, jurisconsult and historian, whose Commentaires de l'estat et de la religion (1565) Foxe used in the expanded Latin edition, published after La Place's death in 1575-77. La Place himself was slaughtered in the St Bartholomew's Day massacres (August 1572) on the second day of the massacre (25 August 1572). He escaped the first day of massacre, despite being placed in considerable danger, and remained boarded up in his house. The prévôt de l'hôtel du roi, Senecay, arrived with orders from the king to join him in the Louvre. La Place replied that he wanted to obey the order but that it was too dangerous for him to come. The following afternoon, however, he was sent for, along with a contingent of archers for his protection. But he was set on by four assassins at the corner of the rue de la Verrerie, not far from the Louvre, whilst the king's archers looked on. Later, his body was dragged to the Seine and thrown in (1583, p. 2152). (Haag, 6, pp. 312-14).
(1515 - 1572)
Philosopher, university reformer and French protestant.
Ramus' death at the St Bartholomew's Day massacre in Paris (August 1572) is mentioned by Foxe, following his source (La Place) (1583, p. 2152). In reality, Ramus died on the third day of the massacre (26 August), being sought out by a band of assassins encouraged (it was alleged) by a university rival, Pierre Charpentier, in his university rooms in the Collège de Presles, from where he was thrown out of the window, still alive, and dragged by his feet to be dumped in the river Seine (Louis-Charles Dezobry, and Jean Louis Thodore Bachelet, Dictionnaire général de biographie et d'histoire (...). 2 vols. (Paris, 1869); Haag, 6, pp. 329-39.
Emperor Charles V's procurer-general; zealous in hunting heretics [ODNB sub William Tyndale]
Pierre Dufief examined William Tyndale and Thomas Poyntz and was present at Tyndale's execution. 1563, p. 516; 1570, p. 1228; 1576, p. 1051; 1583, p. 1078.
Pierre Martin is a non-existent jurat added in error to a list of Guernsey jurats mentioned in 1570, p. 2128, 1576, p. 1849, 1583, p. 1943.
(d. 1400 - 1406) [Gams]
Venetian; bishop of Jesolo (1370 - 1400); hagiographer
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 132; 1576, p. 96; 1583, p. 95.
(1499 - 1562) [ODNB]
b. Florence; Augustinian friar; Greek and Hebrew scholar; evangelical reformer
DTh Padua 1525; abbot in Naples; prior at Lucca
From 1542 in exile: Strasbourg (1542-47); regius professor of divinity at Oxford (1548-49); Strasbourg (1553-56); Zurich (1556-death)
Peter Martyr was brought to Oxford by Edward Seymour. 1563, p. 684; 1570, p. 1486; 1576, p. 1260; 1583, p. 1296.
Peter Martyr, Martin Bucer and Paul Fagius were welcomed as scholars during the reign of Edward VI. 1570, p. 1552; 1576, p. 1323; 1583, p. 1373.
Peter Martyr disputed with William Chedsey and others at Oxford over transubstantiation in 1549. 1570, p. 1519; 1576, p. 1288; 1583, p. 1330.
Doctors Tresham, Chedsey and Morgan Philips were the chief opponents of Peter Martyr in the disputations at Oxford in 1549. 1570, pp. 1552-55; 1576, pp. 1323-26; 1583, pp. 1373-76.
(d. c. 180) [Catholic Encyclopedia]
Bishop of Cnossus, Crete
Pinytus received a letter from Dionysius of Corinth, asking him not to require chastity of the clergy. 1570, p. 78; 1576, p. 53; 1583, p. 53.
C2 Christian martyred under Marcus Aurelius [Paul Keresztes, 'Marcus Aurelius a Persecutor?', The Harvard Theological Review, vol. 61, no. 3 (July, 1968) p. 323]
Pionius spoke boldly in defence of the faith, was tortured and burnt. 1570, p. 67; 1576, p. 44; 1583, p. 44.
(714 - 768)
Mayor of the palace of Neustria (741 - 51); mayor of the palace of Francia (747 - 51)
King of the Franks (751 - 68); first Carolingian king
Boniface, archbishop of Mainz, on instruction from Pope Zacharias, authorised the deposition of King Childeric III of the Franks and confirmation of Pippin the Short as king. 1570, p. 172; 1576, p. 130; 1583, p. 129.
In gratitude for Stephen's anointing, Pippin granted the exarchate of Ravenna and other areas of Italy to the see of Rome. 1570, p. 173; 1576, p. 131; 1583, p. 130.
(d. 155) [Kelly]
Pope (c. 142 - c. 155)
Foxe mistakenly refers to him as Pius II: 1570, p. 11; 1576, p. 9; 1583, p. 9.
Under the influence of Hermas, Pius I changed the day of the observation of Easter to a Sunday. 1570, p. 82; 1576, p. 56; 1583, p. 53.
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, pp. 62, 78; 1576, pp. 38, 53; 1583, pp. 38, 53.
(1405 - 1464) [Kelly]
Pope (1458 - 64). Secretary to Domenico Capranica, bishop of Fermo, and Cardinal Albergati at the Council of Basel. Imperial poet laureate; papal ambassador for Eugene IV to the imperial court; bishop of Trieste 1447; bishop of Siena 1450; imperial ambassador 1450; cardinal 1456
Æneas Sylvius regarded the Donation of Constantine as fraudulent. 1570, p. 144; 1576, p. 106; 1583, p. 105.
Æneas Sylvius, while cardinal, wrote to a friend who wished to marry after taking holy orders. 1570, p. 1319; 1576, p. 1129; 1583, p. 1154.
The indulgences granted to the guild of our Lady in Boston by Nicholas V, Pius II and Sixtus IV and Leo X were renewed by Clement. 1570, p. 1347; 1576, p. 1150; 1583, p. 1178.
German priest
Paschasius Radbertus recounted the story of Plegildus seeing and handling a child upon the altar who then became bread again. 1570, p. 1313; 1576, p. 1123; 1583, p. 1148.
(c. 63 - c. 113)
Roman lawyer, author, natural philosopher; senator; consul; imperial ambassador
Pliny wrote a letter to Trajan, urging him to stop the persecution of Christians. 1570, pp. 58, 65; 1576, p. 39; 1583, p. 39.
Pupil of Origen martyred at Alexandria C2-3
Plutarch was martyred with his brother Serenus. 1570, p. 80; 1576, p. 54; 1583, p. 54.
(d. 155) [Gams; Catholic Encyclopedia]
Bishop of Smyrna (c. 106 - 117); martyr
Polycarp was visited by Ignatius of Antioch. 1570, p. 58; 1576, p. 40; 1583, p. 40.
He sent Andoclus into Gaul. 1570, p. 80; 1576, p. 55; 1583, p. 55.
According to Jerome and Nicephorus, Polycarp visited Rome in 157 to discuss the controversy over Easter day with Pope Anicetus. 1576, p. 44; 1583, p. 44.
A letter gives an account of Polycarp's examination by the proconsul and martyrdom. 1570, pp. 59-61; 1576, pp. 42-44; 1583, pp. 42-44.
C3 legendary bishop and martyr
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 88; 1576, p. 61; 1583, p. 61.
(fl. 130 - 196) [Gams]
Early Christian leader in Ephesus; presided over the Asiatic synod in 196 to consider the paschal question
Polycrates led the group of those opposing the position of Pope Victor I concerning the celebration of Easter. He sent a letter to Victor setting out their position. 1570, p. 82; 1576, p. 56; 1583, p. 53.
Polycrates boasted of descending from a long line of bishops. 1570, p. 1317; 1576, p. 1127; 1583, p. 1152.
(c. 1470 - 1555) [ODNB]
English historian of Italian extraction; born Urbino; taught at Paris; deputy collector of Peter's pence in 1502; archdeacon of Wells in 1508
The king gave Polydore Vergil permission to consult all libraries. After Vergil had made use of the books, he burnt them. 1570, p. 1304; 1576, p. 1116; 1583, p. 1141.
Polydore Vergil was present at St Paul's when the king's commissioners came to administer the oath to Bishop Bonner. 1570, p. 1501; 1576, p. 1272; 1583, p. 1309.
He is mentioned as a source by Foxe: 1570, pp. 96, 153; 1576, pp. 68, 114; 1583, pp. 67, 113.
(1479 - 1532) [www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1517-ii.htm.Colonna]
Roman noble; bishop of Rieti (1508 - 14, 1528 - 29); cardinal-priest (1517 - 26); vice-chancellor of the church (1524 - 26); papal legate
Excommunicated 1526; restored c. 1527; viceroy of Naples 1530
Pope Clement VII threatened to take away Colonna's cardinal's hat if he continued to support the emperor. 1563, p. 439; 1570, p. 1122; 1576, p. 961; 1583, p. 987.
Colonna arrived in Rome with an army in 1527, intending to help the imperial soldiers. When he saw the cruelty of the soldiers, he did little to help them. 1570, p. 1123; 1576, p. 961; 1583, p. 988.
(1425 - 1497) [Catholic Encyclopedia]
Italian humanist; founded an academy with Platina and Sabellico; prefect of the library of San Marco, Venice
Imprisoned with Platina and others in 1463, tortured. The academy resumed in 1471; Lætus wrote a compendium of Roman history
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 114; 1576, p. 82; 1583, p. 81.
(d. 235) [Kelly]
Pope (230 - 235); exiled by the emperor Maximinus Thrax with Hippolytus to Sardinia
Foxe considered epistles attributed to Pontian to be forgeries. 1570, p. 86; 1576, p. 59; 1583, p. 59.
Reputed martyr at Lyons during the reign of Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus
Ponticus was a boy of 15, and he was tortured before his death. 1570, p. 72; 1576, p. 48; 1583, p. 48.
C3 martyr in the Italian Alps
Pontius was tortured, thrown to wild beasts and then burnt alive. 1570, p. 104; 1576, p. 73; 1583, p. 73.
Procurator of Roman Iudaea province (26 - 36) [Catholic Encyclopedia]
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 37; 1576, p. 30; 1583, p. 30.
C3 deacon of Carthage under Cyprian [Catholic Encyclopedia sub Cyprian]
Shared Cyprian's exile; wrote Life and Passion of Cyprian
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 99; 1576, p. 70; 1583, p. 69.
Pope took part in a debate/conversation between Nicholas Ridley, and John Feckenham and Sir John Bourne on the nature of the eucharist, held while Ridley was a prisoner in the Tower (1563, p. 930; 1570, p. 1590; 1576, p. 1357; and 1583, p. 1427).
Supposed female pope in C9; based on medieval legend
1563, p. 1.
Procurator of Judea c. 58 - 62 CE
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, pp. 54-55; 1576, pp. 33-34; 1583, pp. 33-34.
(c. 234 - c. 305) [Eyjólfur Emilsson, 'Porphyry', The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2005 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2005/entries/porphyry
Neoplatonist philosopher; studied at Athens; went to Rome 263-69; lecturer; applied Neoplatonism to pagan religion; wrote on Aristotle
He was thought by Suidas to have been a kinsman of Ammonius Saccas 1570, p. 86; 1576, p. 59; 1583, p. 59.
Roman commander supposed to have visited the martyr Catherine of Alexandria in prison and been converted by her
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 132; 1576, p. 96; 1583, p. 95.
Roman Christian priest said to have been martyred under Decius
Portius was said to have converted Emperor Philip the Arab. 1570, p. 91; 1576, p. 64; 1583, p. 63.
Female pupil of Origen martyred at Alexandria C2-3
Potamiaena was covered with pitch and then burnt with her mother. After her death, she appeared to the captain in charge of her execution and converted him. 1570, p. 80; 1576, p. 54; 1583, p. 54.
Legendary missionary and martyr
Potentianus refused to sacrifice to the gods and was pressed to death with weights at Rome. 1570, p. 76; 1576, p. 52; 1583, p. 52.
Reputed Christian martyr of unknown date; martyred with Pudentia [Catholic Encyclopedia
She is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 68; 1576, p. 45; 1583, p. 45.
Legendary son of Symphorissa; martyr
Primitivus was racked and stabbed in the abdomen. 1570, p. 69; 1576, p. 46; 1583, pp. 45-46.
Early C4 proconsul at Chalcedon
He had Euphemia executed at Chalcedon. 1570, p. 111; 1576, p. 79; 1583, p. 79.
Father of Justin Martyr.
Priscus Bacchius had his son schooled. 1570, p. 72; 1576, p. 48; 1583, p. 48.
C3 martyrs in Caesarea
Priscus, Malchus and Alexander, inspired by the example of the martyrs, went to the judge and declared themselves Christians. They were thrown to wild beasts. 1570, p. 103; 1576, p. 73; 1583, p. 73.
According to Bede, bishop of Milan martyred under Decius
[Mona (d. 251) was bishop of Milan (193 - 251) [Gams]]
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 92; 1576, p. 64; 1583, p. 64.
(d. early C4); of Scythopolis, Palestine; martyr
Procopius was a convert who was tortured and beheaded. 1570, p. 128; 1576, p. 93; 1583, p. 92.
C5 Christian writer; disciple of Augustine of Hippo [Catholic Encyclopedia]
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1563, p. 3;1570, pp. 6, 12; 1576, pp. 5, 10; 1583, pp. 5, 10.
(d. 461x467) bishop of Reggio Emilia
Prosper of Reggio was married. 1570, p. 1319, 1576, p. 1128, 1583, p. 1154.
Legendary eunuch schoolfellows of Eugenia, daughter of Philippus, C3 governor of Alexandria
Foxe gives the story of Philippus and his daughter Eugenia as related by later historians, but believes it to be untrue. 1570, pp. 104-05; 1576, pp. 73-74; 1583, pp. 73-74.
(348 - after 405) [Catholic Encyclopedia]
Spanish Roman Christian poet; lawyer; provincial governor; retired to become an ascetic
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, pp. 56, 86, 101, 104, 124, 126, 129; 1576, pp. 35, 60, 71, 74, 90, 92, 93; 1583, pp. 35, 59, 71, 74, 89, 92.
Reputed Christian martyrs in Alexandria of unknown date
Justin Martyr in his Apology gives an account of their martyrdom. 1570, p. 68; 1576, p. 45; 1583, p. 45.
C2 bishop of Athens under Hadrian [Catholic Encyclopedia]
He presented an Apology for the Christians to the emperor. 1570, pp. 66; 1576, p. 41; 1583, p. 41.
St Jerome recorded his martyrdom. 1570, pp. 58; 1576, p. 40; 1583, p. 40.
(218 - 268) [R. D. Weigel www.roman-emperors.org]
Co-emperor with his father Valerian (253 - 60); sole Roman emperor (260 - 68) ; assassinated with his son and his brother
Excluded senators from military command; patron of philosophers
Gallienus participated in the persecutions of his father, but moderated his position after his father's capture by the Persians. 1570, pp. 105-06; 1576, pp. 75-76; 1583, pp. 74-75.
In a letter to the Persian king Shapur II, Constantine I used the examples of Gallienus and his father to illustrate that rulers prospered when they treated Christians well, but suffered ill fortune when they persecuted them. 1570, p. 137; 1576, p. 100; 1583, p. 99.
Pagan high priest in Rome under Trajan
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 64; 1576, p. 37; 1583, p. 37.
Reputed Christian martyr of unknown date [Catholic Encyclopedia]
She is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 68; 1576, p. 45; 1583, p. 45.
(d. 453) [Geoffrey S. Nathan; www.roman-emperors.org]
Wife of Marcian, Roman emperor; sister to Theodosius II, Roman emperor; remained a virgin with her husband's agreement; engaged in extensive building of churches
Pope Leo wrote to both Emperor Marcian and Empress Pulcheria. 1563, p. 619; 1570, p. 1216; 1576, p. 1041; 1583, p. 1068.
A shoemaker of Lancaster
At George Marsh's trial, Pulleyn urged Marsh to recant. 1563, p. 1121; 1570, p. 1737; 1576, p. 1477 [recte 1483]; 1583, p. 1566.
Under-sheriff of Hertfordshire. Of Hitchin.
Pulter and the sheriff of Hertfordshire, Edward Brocket, brought George Tankerfield to St Albans. 1583, p. 1690.
[This is possibly Peter Pulter, listed in April 1556 as a servant of Sir William Cecil (PRO, SP11/8, no. 1).]
(d. 238) [R. McMahon www.roman-emperors.org]
Soldier, proconsul, consul twice
Co-emperor with Balbinus (238); killed with him by the Praetorian Guard
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 39; 1576, p. 31; 1583, p. 31.
Officer of Shapur II; martyr
Pusices spoke encouraging words to Ananias, an elderly priest awaiting martyrdom. Pusices was then brought before the king, confessed to being a Christian and was martyred. 1570, p. 136; 1576, p. 99; 1583, p. 98.
(d. c. 1538) [Fines]
of Suffolk; martyr
Puttedew jested with the priest for drinking all the wine and was condemned to be burnt. 1563, p. 574; 1570, p. 1292; 1576, p. 1106; 1583, p. 1131.
Father of Penda [ODNB sub Penda]
King of Mercia late C6 - C7
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 150; 1576, p. 112; 1583, p. 111.
Governor in Egypt under Diocletian
Menas was brought before Pyrrhus for publicly having proclaimed himself a Christian. Pyrrhus had him tortured and executed. 1570, pp. 126-27; 1576, pp. 91-92; 1583, pp. 90-91.
Reputed C3 governor of Alexandria
Pyruchius favoured Eusebius, deacon at Alexandria, and agreed to his request to allow those who opposed the Romans to leave the city. 1570, p. 107; 1576, p. 76; 1583, p. 76.