(d. 693/4) [ODNB sub kings of the East Saxons]

Son of King Seaxred of Essex; king of the East Saxons jointly with Sigehere; Christian convert; became monk before death

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 151; 1576, p. 113; 1583, p. 112.

(d. 616/17) [ODNB sub Kings of the East Saxons]

King of the East Saxons; nephew of King Æthelberht of Kent, his overlord

Converted to Christianity by Mellitus in 604

Sæberht was the first of the East Saxon kings to be converted. 1570, p. 151; 1576, p. 112; 1583, p. 111.

With Æthelberht of Kent, Sæberht built the church of St Paul's in London. They translated the archbishop's see to Canterbury. 1570, pp. 149, 161, 177; 1576, pp. 111, 121, 134; 1583, pp. 110, 120, 133.

(d. in or after 617) [ODNB sub Kings of the East Saxons]

Son of Sæberht, brother of Seaxred

King of the East Saxons with his two brothers (616/17); killed in battle

He and his brothers expelled Bishop Mellitus because, as they had not been baptised, he refused them communion bread. 1570, p. 151; 1576, p. 112; 1583, p. 111.

Reputed martyr under Hadrian; widow of Valentinus [Catholic Encyclopedia]

Sabina was said to have converted Euphrosina and Theodora. She was beheaded in Rome. 1570, p. 65; 1576, p. 40; 1583, p. 40.

According to Jacobus Philippus Bergomensis, Clepidus was the governor of Rome under Hadrian. He put to death St Sabina and Seraphia of Antioch. 1570, p. 65; 1576, p. 40; 1583, p. 40.

(d. 606) [Kelly]

Apostolic nuncio for Gregory I to Constantinople in 593

Pope (604 - 06)

Sabinian was a malicious detractor of Gregory I and his works. 1570, p. 161; 1576, p. 121; 1583, p. 120.

C3 prefect under Decius

Sabinus sent a messenger to search for Dionysius of Alexandria. 1570, p. 90; 1576, p. 63; 1583, p. 62.

High official under Constantius and Maximinus Daia

Sabinus ensured that the decree ending the persecution of Christians was published. 1570, p. 115; 1576, p. 83; 1583, p. 82.

(d. 285) [W. Leadbetter www.roman-emperors.org, sub Carinus]

Led revolt in Pannonia against the Roman emperor Carinus c. 284/85; Sabinus was defeated and killed.

Sabinus was overcome by Carinus. 1570, p. 108; 1576, p. 77; 1583, p. 76.

(d. early C4) Martyrs under Maximinus Daia

They are mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 117; 1576, p. 84; 1583, p. 83.

of Windsor

Sadocke was a friend of John London and William Symondes, and some thought it was he who was instrumental in getting John Marbeck pardoned in 1543. 1570, p. 1397; 1576, p. 1191; 1583, p. 1220.

(d. c. 166); bishop and martyr [Catholic Encyclopedia sub Laodicea]

Sagaris was one of those opposing the position of Pope Victor I concerning the celebration of Easter. 1570, p. 82; 1576, p. 56; 1583, p. 53.

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 65; 1576, p. 40; 1583, p. 40.

Sage Hughes accused Meredith ap Thomas of being the father of her illegitimate child. She later retracted this accusation and claimed that John Hughes, her stepbrother and a priest, was the father. Meredith ap Thomas sued her for slander. 1563, pp. 1085 and 1090; 1583, pp. 1544-45 and 1548.

(d. 447/8) [Catholic Encyclopedia]

Historian of the Christian church; lawyer in Constantinople

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, pp. 56, 78, 135, 1315; 1576, pp. 36, 53, 98, 1125; 1583, pp. 36, 53, 97, 1151.

C4 martyrs

They are mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 128; 1576, p. 93; 1583, p. 92.

(d. 1112) [ODNB]

Studied at Liège; treasurer of the church of Bayeux by 1082; bishop of Worcester (1096 - 1112); married with children before he took orders

Samson was the father of Thomas, archbishop of York. 1570, p. 1319; 1576, p. 1129; 1583, p. 1154.

Deacon of Vienne; reputed martyr at Lyons during the reign of Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus

Sanctus refused to divulge any information during his torments. 1570, pp. 69-70; 1576, pp. 46-47; 1583, pp. 46-47.

Churchwarden. Of Richmond, Surrey.

Mrs Bosome and her mother eventually attended church and she behaved herself accordingly but they were apprehended by the constable and the churchwarden, named Sanders, who commanded them to appear the following day in Kingston. 1563, p. 1698, 1570, p. 2276, 1576, p. 1965, 1583, p. 2072.

(d. 203) [Catholic Encyclopedia sub Perpetua and Felicitas]

of Carthage; martyr

Saturninus was thrown to wild beasts and then beheaded. 1570, p. 83; 1576, p. 57; 1583, p. 57.

(d. 203) [Catholic Encyclopedia sub Perpetua and Felicitas]

of Carthage; martyr

Saturus was thrown to wild beasts and killed. 1570, p. 83; 1576, p. 57; 1583, p. 57.

(d. 1549) Merchant of York

William Ombler, Thomas Dale, Henry Barton and Robert Dale took Matthew White, Clopton, Savage and Berry, murdered them, stripped their bodies and left them in a field. Matthew White's and Savage's wives had them buried. 1570, p. 1500; 1576, p. 1272; 1583, p. 1309.

Philpot's fifth examination was before Bonner, Rochester, Coventry, St Asaph, as well as Story, Curtop, Saverson, Pendleton and others. 1563, pp. 1398-1405, 1570, pp. 1968-72, 1576, pp. 1695-98, 1583, pp. 1803-05.

During his fifth examination, Philpot asked his examiners which of them could answer Calvin's Institutions, to which Saverson replied that the Genevan church had fragmented and that Calvin had fled. 1563, pp. 1398-1405, 1570, pp. 1968-72, 1576, pp. 1695-98, 1583, pp. 1803-05.

(d. 1540, 1543 or 1545) [Fines]

Priest found hanged, described in various locations in Winchester or the Clink

Saxy was hanged in the porter's lodge of Stephen Gardiner. 1570, p. 1410; 1576, p. 1202; 1583, p. 1231.

Notary for convocation at the Oxford disputations of 1554

As registrar for the university convocation held in St Mary, Oxford, Say read aloud the commission authorising the disputations (1563, p. 937; 1570, p. 1592; 1576, p. 1358; 1583, p. 1429).

He was appointed to act as notary on behalf of convocation during the Oxford disputations (1563, p. 937; 1570, p. 1592; 1576, p. 1358; 1583, p. 1429).

Say dined at Lincoln College together with other officials connected with the disputation on 14 April 1555 (1563, p. 937; 1570, p. 1592; 1576, p. 1358; 1583, p. 1429).

He collected the records of the other four notaries for the debates on the morning of Monday 16 April (1563, p. 938; 1570, p. 1593; 1576, p. 1359; 1583, p. 1430).

Bailiff. Of Canterbury.

In a letter to Bonner, John Kingston asks to have master Sayer assist him with armed men in collecting 22 heretics from Colchester. He has met opposition in the streets. 1563, pp. 1561 [recte 1573]-1563 [recte 1575].

Kingston told Lord Darcy of Chiche to give commandment to Sayer to set about the apprehension of heretics in Canterbury. 1563, p. 1564, 1570, p. 2156, 1576, p. 1864, 1583, p. 1975 [incorrectly numbered 1971].

C3 governor of Carthage [Paul Keresztes,'The Constitutio Antoniniana and the Persecutions under Caracalla', American Journal of Philology, vol. 91, no. 4 (October, 1970), pp. 448-59]

Recipient of a letter from Tertullian c. 212 urging him to be more merciful towards the Christians

The Apology of Tertullian is given. 1570, p. 81; 1576, pp. 55-56; 1583, pp. 55-56.

An innkeeper of Chelmsford.

Thomas Hawkes, Thomas Wattes and other Marian martyrs were lodged in Scot's inn on the night of 9 June 1555 before their executions. 1563, p. 1166; 1570, p. 1771; 1576, p. 1513; 1583, p. 1596

Friar

Friar Scot entered into the debate at St Andrews about whether the Lord's Prayer could be directed towards saints. 1570, p. 1451; 1576, p. 1238; 1583, p. 1274.

Stationer of Cambridge; allegedly tortured for having prohibited books; abjured in 1528 [Fines]

[Father of Seager Nicholson (1500? - 1567)]

Nicholson was charged with having in his house books by Luther and other prohibited works. He was cruelly tortured. 1563, p. 419; 1570, p. 1184; 1576, p. 1013; 1583, p. 1040.

Christopher Lansdale had promised Master Searles that he would assist the poor man in the ditch but did not in fact help him. 1570, p. 2303, 1576, p. 1994, 1583, p. 2104.

Bailiff. Of Winchester.

Seaton willed Benbridge to recant at the stake. 1563, p. 1668, 1570, p. 2246, 1576, p. 1940, 1583, p. 2046.

Seaton wrote articles for Benbridge to subscribe to. Threatened with the stake again, Benbridge subscribed and was returned to prison. 1563, p. 1668, 1570, p. 2246, 1576, p. 1940, 1583, p. 2046.

From prison Benbridge wrote to Seaton retracting his recantation. He was subsequently burned, or rather 'broiled', at the stake. 1563, p. 1668, 1570, p. 2246, 1576, p. 1940, 1583, p. 2046.

(d. 674?) [ODNB]

Queen of the Gewisse (West Saxons); wife of Cenwalh

Reigned (672 - 73/4)

She is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 149; 1576, p. 111; 1583, p. 110.

(in or before 655 - c. 700) [ODNB]

Eldest daughter of Anna, king of the East Angles

Queen of Kent, consort of King Eorcenberht

Abbess of Ely; succeeded her sister Aethelthryth

She is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 151; 1576, p. 113; 1583, p. 112.

(d. in or after 617) [ODNB sub Kings of the East Saxons]

Son of Sæberht, brother of Sæward

King of the East Saxons with his two brothers (616/17); killed in battle

He and his brothers expelled Bishop Mellitus because, as they had not been baptised, he refused them communion bread. 1570, p. 151; 1576, p. 112; 1583, p. 111.

(d. late C3, early C4) [Catholic Encyclopedia]

Roman martyr

Sebastian was a soldier and a Christian who encouraged the martyrs. He was shot with arrows by his own soldiers. 1570, p. 127; 1576, p. 92; 1583, p. 91.

Curate of Kensington; charged in 1528; confessed he possessed Tyndale's New Testament; charged with adultery and neglect of his cure [Fines]

Sebastian Harris, along with many others, abjured. 1563, p. 418; 1570, p. 1191; 1576, p. 1019; 1583, p. 1048.

(1476 - 1532)

Swiss reformer, native of Schaffhausen. He was best known as a skillful participant in various disputations. Foxe's only mention of him was in the context of his sudden death on his way to Ratisbon in order to participate in a disputation on behalf of the Zurich protestants. 1570, p. 2305, 1576, p. 1996, 1583, p. 2105. (Hans J. Hillerbrand, ed. The Oxford Encyclopaedia of the Reformation. 4 vols. (Oxford: 1996) 2, p. 243).

(1500 - 1535) [ODNB]

Member of Henry VIII's privy chamber; widowed, became a Carthusian monk in London Charterhouse; refused to accept the king's supremacy; condemned for treason; hanged, drawn and quartered

William Exmew, Humphrey Middlemore and Sebastian Newdigate, Carthusian monks, refused to swear the oath of supremacy. They were hanged, drawn and quartered at Tyburn. 1570, p. 1217; 1576, p. 1042; 1583, p. 1069.

Reputed martyr with Varianus and Marcellianus under Decius at Civitavecchia

Secundianus, with his fellow martyrs, was tortured and then beheaded. 1570, p. 92; 1576, p. 64; 1583, p. 64.

Martyrs, patron saints of Tuscania, Italy

They are mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 88; 1576, p. 61; 1583, p. 60.

(d. 203) [Catholic Encyclopedia sub Perpetua and Felicitas]

of Carthage; martyr

Secundulus died in prison. 1570, p. 83; 1576, p. 57; 1583, p. 57.

(d. 746) [ODNB sub Kings of the East Saxons]

King of the East Saxons C8

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 151; 1576, p. 113; 1583, p. 112.

Reputed martyr in Hadrian's reign

She is mentioned by Foxe with St Sabina: 1570, p. 63; 1576, p. 38; 1583, p. 38.

According to Hermannus, Clepidus, the governor of Rome under Hadrian, put to death Seraphia of Antioch. 1570, p. 65; 1576, p. 40; 1583, p. 40.

(d. c. 249); martyr in Alexandria

Serapion was beaten by the mob, then thrown from an upper storey to his death. 1570, p. 88; 1576, p. 62; 1583, p. 62.

Old man in the time of Decius who lapsed, repented and died

Serapion, having lapsed, was seriously ill and asked for absolution. The priest, being ill, sent a boy with the eucharist. 1570, p. 92; 1576, p. 64; 1583, p. 64.

Patriarch of Antioch c. 200 - c. 212 [Gams]

Theologian

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 78; 1576, p. 53; 1583, p. 53.

Legendary saint supposed to be one-time wife of Diocletian and martyr

She is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 111; 1576, p. 79; 1583, p. 78.

Pupil of Origen martyred at Alexandria C2-3

Serenus was burnt. He was martyred with his brother Plutarch. 1570, p. 80; 1576, p. 54; 1583, p. 54.

Pupil of Origen martyred Alexandria C2-3

Serenus was beheaded. 1570, p. 80; 1576, p. 54; 1583, p. 54.

C2 legate; proconsul of Asia

Serenus Granius wrote letters to Hadrian, arguing against the killing of Christians. 1570, p. 66; 1576, p. 41; 1583, p. 41.

Accompanied Thomas Baghe in searching out heretics

Sergeant Wever went to John Chapman's house with Thomas Baghe to arrest Chapman, Andrew Hewett and John Tybal. He brought the ropes used to bind Chapman and Tybal. 1563, p. 506; 1570, p. 1179; 1576, p. 1108; 1583, p. 1036.

Early C4 Christian martyrs

They are mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 128; 1576, p. 93; 1583, p. 92.

(d. 701) [Kelly]

Pope (687 - 701); baptized King Cædwalla of Wessex

According to William of Malmesbury, Sergius was suspected of fathering a child. Aldhelm, abbot of Malmesbury, miraculously made the nine-day-old child speak, clearing Sergius. 1570, p. 168; 1576, p. 126; 1583, p. 125.

Sergius sent a letter to Ceolfrith, abbot of Wearmouth, praising Bede's learning and asking that he be sent to Rome. 1570, p. 170; 1576, p. 128; 1583, p. 127.

(d. 847) [Kelly]

Cardinal-priest of the Church of Sts Martin and Sylvester

Pope (844 - 47); disputed election. Consecrated without reference to Emperor Lothair I; crowned his son Louis king of the Lombards

Foxe includes him in a list of popes who sought confirmation of their elections by the emperor. 1570, p. 6, 1576, p. 5, 1583, p. 5.

Serles was a witness against Cranmer. 1570, p. 2056, 1576, p. 1772, 1583, p. 1879.

C2 proconsul of Asia, according to Eusebius

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 65; 1576, p. 40; 1583, p. 40.

(3 BCE - 69 CE) [J. Donahue www.roman-emperors.org]

Roman emperor (68 - 69); killed by rebels

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 38; 1576, p. 31; 1583, p. 31.

Of Overland

John Bland stated that Master Seth of Overland, Master Vaughan, Master Oxenden, as well as Master Ugden, were witnesses to Bingham's words to Bland while he was at master Ugden's. 1563, p. 1222, 1570, 1846, 1576, p. 1580, 1583, p. 1667.

(d. 1561)

Dean of Worcester (1557 - 1559). Witness to Cardinal Pole's will. Deprived of all preferments upon the accession of Elizabeth. (CSPD; Fasti)

Seth Holland died in the Tower after Queen Mary. 1570, p. 2301, 1576, p. 1992, 1583, p. 2101.

According to Jerome, the servant of Apollonius during the reign of Commodus

Severus accused Apollonius to the senate. 1570, p. 76; 1576, p. 52; 1583, p. 52.

(208 - 235) [H. W. Benario www.roman-emperors.org]

Roman emperor (222 - 235); killed in mutiny at Mainz with his mother

Severus Alexander was wise and gentle and loathed corrupt judges. He appointed learned and wise counsellors. He treated the Christians favourably. He was killed with his mother. 1570, p. 83; 1576, p. 57; 1583, p. 57.

(d. 307) [M. Di Maio www.roman-emperors.org]

Appointed caesar by Galerius in 305 to rule the west with Constantius I

Emperor in the West (306 - 07); captured trying to put down Maxentius' revolt; killed

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 114; 1576, p. 82; 1583, p. 81.

(d. c. 240) [Catholic Encyclopedia]

Christian traveller and historian; lived at Emmau. His history of the world was used extensively by Eusebius.

Julius Africanus was a great scholar and historian living at the time of Emperor Gordian III. 1570, p. 86; 1576, p. 59; 1583, p. 59.

(fl. c. 130 - 133) [ODNB sub Roman officials]

Roman general; governor of Moesia; governor of Britain (c. 131 - 33); governor of Judaea (133), suppressed the Bar Kochba rebellion

Julius Severus destroyed villages and towns in Palestine and killed thousands of Jews. 1570, p. 67; 1576, p. 41; 1583, p. 41.

(d. 272)

King of Persia (241 - 272); earlier he shared rulership with his father, Ardashir I; warred against the Roman empire and captured Valerian

Shapur I captured Emperor Valerian in battle and kept him in captivity, humiliating him. 1570, p. 105; 1576, p. 75; 1583, p. 74.

(d. 379)

Ruler of the Sassanid Empire (309 - 79); persecutor of Christians

Shapur oppressed the Christians with taxes and tributes and had their priests and bishops executed. 1570, p. 135; 1576, p. 98; 1583, p. 97.

of Shoreditch; keeper of the Carpenters' Hall in Christ's parish; presented in 1541 for allowing the insulting of priests [Fines]

Shermons was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1378; 1576, p. 1176; 1583, p. 1204.

Bursar of Magdalen College, Oxford.

Shipper, the bursar, invited Palmer to dinner. Unbeknown to Palmer, the other guests included Friar John, Richard Smith and Dr Tresham. 1570, p. 2119 [no names given other than the friar's], 1576, p. 1842, 1583, p. 1936.

Julins Palmer's mother lived in Esham. Shipper and his brother told her of his approach on the way to Reading. He had gone to request some of his legacy. She refused and cursed him. 1570, p. 2120, 1576, p. 1842, 1583, p. 1936.

(fl. 626) [ODNB sub Kings of the East Saxons]

Pagan; king of the East Saxons (617 - at least 626)

Foxe says Sigeberht was killed by the West Saxon king Cynegils and his son Cwichelm. 1570, p. 151; 1576, p. 113; 1583, p. 112.

(fl. c. 653) [ODNB sub Kings of the East Saxons]

Probably son of King Saeward; converted to Christianity, baptised c. 653 by Finán

King of the East Saxons; murdered by kinsmen

Through the persuasions of his friend King Oswiu of Northumbria, Sigeberht was converted and baptised by Finán. 1570, p. 151; 1576, p. 113; 1583, p. 112. [Foxe mistakenly refers to him as the king of the East Angles and names the king who persuaded him to convert as Wulfhere of Mercia]: 1570, p. 164; 1576, p. 123; 1583, p. 122.

He was killed because he was too inclined to spare and forgive his enemies. 1570, p. 151; 1576, p. 113; 1583, p. 112.

(fl. 630/31 - 654) [ODNB]

King of the East Angles C7; resigned and entered a monastery

Left to lead an army against Penda of Mercia, but refused to bear arms; killed in battle

Sigeberht was brought out of the monastery to fight Penda, but carried only a white stick into battle. 1570, p. 151; 1576, p. 113; 1583, p. 112.

(d. 757) [ODNB]

King of the West Saxons (756 - 57)

Murdered by a swineherd in revenge for killing Ealdorman Cumbra

When Cumbra, an ealdorman and supporter of Sigeberht, urged the king to treat his subjects with more consideration, Sigeberht had him killed. The king continued to mistreat his subjects, who deposed him, and he was killed by Cumbra's swineherd. 1570, p. 172; 1576, p. 130; 1583, p. 129.

Ælfric, archbishop of Canterbury, wrote a letter to Sigeferth opposing the marriage of priests. 1570, p. 1302; 1576, p. 1114; 1583, p. 1140.

(fl. 693/4) [ODNB sub kings of the East Saxons]

Son of Sigehere of the East Saxons; king of the East Saxons jointly with his brother Swæfred

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 151; 1576, p. 113; 1583, p. 112.

(fl. 663 - 664) [ODNB sub kings of the East Saxons]

Probably son of Sigeberht Sanctus; king of the East Saxons jointly with Saebbi; reverted to paganism after the plague of 664

When Sigehere reverted to paganism, King Wulfhere of the Mercians, his overlord, took steps to restore Christianity. 1570, p. 151; 1576, p. 113; 1583, p. 112.

Pope (536 - 37) [Kelly]

Son of Pope Hormisdas

Silverius was the son of a married bishop. 1570, p. 1319; 1576, p. 1129; 1583, p. 1154.

(d. 335) [Kelly]

Pope (314 - 35)

According to Otto von Freising, Constantine gave the Donation to Silvester I. 1570, p. 143, 1576, p. 106, 1583, p. 105.

(c. 950 - 1003) [Kelly]

Scholar; monk. Studied mathematics in Spain; taught at Reims; tutor to Otto III. Abbot of Bobbio 983; opposed Lothair of France, supported Hugh Capet. Elected successor to the deposed archbishop of Reims in 991; the election was declared invalid in 995; archbishop of Ravenna 998. Pope (999 - 1003)

Silvester II was said to have been a sorcerer in league with the devil. He repented and confessed before his death. 1563, p. 11

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 2, 1576, p. 2, 1583, p. 2.

Archbishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon [Foxe mistakes Ctesiphon for another person]

Martyred under Shapur II

Simeon, in spite of inticements and threats, refused to refute his Christian faith and was beheaded. 1570, pp. 135-36; 1576, pp. 98-99; 1583, p. 97-98.

(d. 106/07) [Catholic Encyclopedia sub Jerusalem]

Son of Cleophas; leader of Christians in Jerusalem (c. 63 - death); martyr

Simeon was apprehended because he was of the line of David; he was scourged. 1570, p. 66; 1576, p. 40; 1583, p. 40.

Simeon was crucified. 1563, p. 7; 1570, p. 56; 1576, p. 35; 1583, p. 36.

Legendary early Christian martyrs.

They were beheaded for refusing to sacrifice to idols. 1570, p. 68; 1576, p. 45; 1583, p. 45.

Simon Barrat and Thomas Hogeking stood as sureties for the good behaviour of Ramsy, who had been carried to Canterbury with Bland, until the next general sessions. 1563, p. 1220, 1570, p. 1845, 1576, p. 1579, 1583, p. 1666.

BA Cambridge (1534), DD (1547). One of the founding fellows of Trinity College in 1546. (Venn)

Richard Crashfield was examined by Dr Brigges. 1563, p. 1616, 1570, pp. 2204-05, 1576, pp. 1902-03., 1583, pp. 2010-11.

Crashfield was again examined by Dunning and Brigges, at which time he was asked to speak with Dr Pore. 1563, p. 1617, 1570, p. 2205, 1576, p. 1903, 1583, p. 2011.

On 23 July 1557 Cicely Ormes was called before Dunning and Brigges, at which time she was condemned. 1563, p. 1618, 1570, p. 2219, 1576, p. 1915, 1583, p. 2023.

(d. 1531) [ODNB]

Gentleman of Gray's Inn; religious controversialist; wrote Supplication for the Beggars

Fish, having played the part of Cardinal Wolsey in John Roo's play, was forced to go overseas to join Tyndale. While there, he wrote his book, which was then sent to Anne Boleyn. She showed the book to the king, who offered Fish his protection. Fish died of the plague. 1563, pp. 448-49; 1570, pp. 1152-53; 1576, pp. 986-87; 1583, p. 1014.

Melanchthon, who met Simon Grinaeus at the assembly at Spyre in 1529, recounted Grinaeus's story. 1570, pp. 2282-83, 1576, pp. 1970-71, 1583, pp. 2077-78.

Grinaeus heard a sermon by John Faber, bishop of Vienna, and later respectfully complained of the errors Faber maintained and defended. 1570, p. 2282, 1576, p. 1970, 1583, pp. 2077-78.

Faber, having pretended interest in Grinaeus's views, then accused Grinaeus to the king, who sent sergeants to arrest him and take him to prison. 1570, p. 2282, 1576, p. 1970, 1583, p. 2078.

An old man, unknown to Melancthon, warned him of the plot against Grinaeus, and Melancthon and friends took Grinaeus to the river, where he escaped by boat. 1570, pp. 2282-83, 1576, pp. 1970-71, 1583, p. 2078.

(fl. 1556 - 1562)

Matthew Parker's brother-in-law. (DNB sub Parker)

Morris stated in his confession that Pulleyne (alias Smith), Simon Harlestone and William, a Scot, were all preachers in the reign of Edward VI, and were now residing at the King's Head in Colchester. 1563, p. 1652, 1570, p. 2230, 1576, p. 1926, 1583, p. 2033.

Young told Simon Harlstone that Elizabeth Lawson's falling-sickness left her as soon as she was imprisoned. 1570, p. 2275, 1576, p. 1964, 1583, p. 2071.

In 1562 Blomfield threatened Simon Harlstone because Harlston would not wear vestments. 1563, p. 1676, 1570, p. 2268, 1576, p. 1958, 1583, p. 2065.

[Not related to John Harlstone and his wife.]

(d. 1552) [ODNB]

Clergyman and religious reformer; BA Cambridge 1515/16; MA 1519; BTh 1528; DTh 1531

Dean of Exeter (1537 - 52); imprisoned in the Fleet in 1543

Simon Haynes was reported to Stephen Gardiner by William Symonds and John London to be a common receiver of suspected persons at Windsor. 1570, p. 1389; 1576, p. 1185; 1583, p. 1214.

Thomas Southern and Thomas Brerewood accused their dean, Simon Haynes, of heresy and treason. He was committed to the Fleet until friends procured his release. 1570, p. 1390; 1576, p. 1186; 1583, p. 1214.

In a letter to Thomas Cromwell, Edmund Bonner asked for financial help, mentioning that he owed money to Thomas Thirlby and Simon Haynes. 1570, p. 1240; 1576, p. 1062; 1583, p. 1088.

Haynes was praised by Bonner for his reformed views. 1570, p. 1240; 1576, p. 1062; 1583, p. 1089.

Henry Holbeach, Richard Coxe, Simon Haynes, Richard Morison and Christopher Nevinson, king's visitors, were present at the disputations at Oxford in 1549 with Peter Martyr. 1570, pp. 1552; 1576, p. 1323; 1583, p. 1373.

(d. 1556)

Sawyer. Martyr. Of Colchester.

Simon Joyne was delivered to John Kingstone, bachelor of civil law, and then commissory to Gardiner by the earl of Oxford on 28 March 1556. 1563, p. 1517, 1570, p. 2089, 1576, p. 1804, 1583, p. 1909.

Articles were brought against him, which he answered. 1563, p. 1517, 1570, pp. 2089-90, 1576, pp. 1802-03, 1583, p. 1909.

He was burned at Colchester on 28 April 1556. 1563, p. 1518, 1570, p. 2089, 1576, p. 1802, 1583, p. 1909.

One of four members of the jury which acquited Sir Nicholas Throckmorton and later confessed their fault, submitted to the authorities and were exempted from punishment (1570, p. 1645; 1576, p. 1403; 1583, p. 1473). Foxe had earlier characterised these four jurors as 'weakelyngs' (1570, p. 1644; 1576, p. 1403; 1583, p. 1473).

Foxe calls him 'Master Loe'. His name is given as Simon Lowe, and his occupation as Merchant Taylor in C. L. Kingsford, ed. 'Two London Chronicles from the Collections of John Stow' in London Miscellany XII (London, 1910), pp. 35 and 39).

'Master Low' is described with 'Master Catler' [see John Cater] as mourners at Maurice Griffith's funeral at St. Magnus, London (J. G. Nicholas, ed. The Diary of Henry Machyn, Camden Society Original series 42 (London, 1848), p. 180). This may indicate that Lowe came from this parish.

Name used by the ancient Christians to refer to a Samaritan (Proto-)Gnostic [Catholic Encyclopedia]

In Acts, trying to buy from the Apostles the power of working miracles (simony)

Simon Magus is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 42; 1576, p. 34; 1583, p. 34.

Preached at St Paul's July 1535 [Fines]

Simon Matthew was one of the subscribers to the Bishops' Book. 1570, p. 1212; 1576, p. 1037; 1583, p. 1064.

(d. 1557)

Merchant. Martyr. Of King's Lynn, Norfolk.

Simon Miller went to Norwich and asked people coming out of church where he might take communion. 1563, p. 1602, 1570, p. 2197, 1576, p. 1896, 1583, p. 2005.

A papist brought him before Dunning, who spoke with him and then committed him to ward in the bishop's house. 1563, p. 1602, 1570, p. 2197, 1576, p. 1896, 1583, p. 2005.

During his examination, Miller's confession was discovered hidden in his shoe. Miller reaffirmed his confession before Dunning. 1563, p. 1602, 1570, p. 2197, 1576, p. 1896, 1583, p. 2005.

His keeper, Felow, may have allowed him to return home to set his house in order before his martyrdom. 1563, p. 1602, 1570, p. 2197, 1576, p. 1896, 1583, p. 2005.

Having returned to Lynn briefly, Miller returned to Hopton and Felow and was subsequently burned with Elizabeth Cooper in Norwich on 13 July 1557. 1563, p. 1603, 1570, p. 2197, 1576, p. 1896, 1583, p. 2005.

He held Elizabeth Cooper's hand at the stake and convinced her not to be frightened. 1563, p. 1603, 1570, p. 2198, 1576, p. 1897, 1583, p. 2005.

Summoner to Geoffrey Blyth, bishop of Coventry

When Joan Smyth was dismissed and sent home, Simon Mourton offered to go with her as it was getting dark. He found a scroll in her sleeve containing the Lord's Prayer, articles of faith and ten commandments in English. He immediately returned her to the bishop to be burnt. 1563, pp. 420-21; 1570, p. 1107; 1576, p. 946; 1583, p. 973.

Peuterer. Constable of St Dunston's in the West.

Simon Ponder transported George Tankerfield to Newgate. 1563, p. 1251, 1570, p. 1869, 1576, p. 1600, 1583, p. 1689.

Imperial ambassador at Mary's court

Announced at Philip and Mary's marriage that the Emperor has made Philip King of Naples. Foxe cites him by title, not name. (1563, p. 1004; 1570, p. 1642; 1576, p. 1401; 1583, p. 1471).

Protestant. Of Lancashire.

Simon Smith, along with Jeffrey Hurst, Henry Brown and George Eckersly, was asked to perform the duty of ensuring that Queen Elizabeth's proceedings took place. 1570, p. 2280, 1576, p. 1968, 1583, p. 2075.

MA, Gonville Hall, Cambridge; curate of Thomas Patmore at Much Hadham [Fines]

Simon Smith was charged in London in 1531 with marrying while a priest. He and his pregnant wife were subjected to a lengthy examination, made to abjure and given penance to perform. 1563, p. 419; 1570, p. 1188; 1576, p. 1017; 1583, p. 1044.

of Burford

[Probably the same as Simon Burford (d. c. 1585) [Gretton, Burford, pp. 97, 103 and 199-201]

Clothier and mercer of Burford, Oxfordshire; purchased sufficient land to attain status of yeoman; bailiff of Burford seven times in the years 1545-67 and alderman nine times in the years 1559-81; steward of the town in 1553]

Simon Wisdom was charged by Bishop Longland with having the scriptures and a psalter in English in his possession and abjured. 1570, p. 1120; 1576, p. 959; 1583, p. 085.

C3 Roman senator; martyr

Simplicius was beheaded in Rome, and his head was put on display. 1570, p. 85; 1576, p. 59; 1583, p. 59.

(d. early C4) Martyrs under Maximinus Daia

They are mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 117; 1576, p. 84; 1583, p. 83.

of Westbury-on-Severn, Gloucestershire; father of James [ODNB sub James Bainham]

His son married the widow of Simon Fish and was later burnt for heresy. 1570, p. 1153; 1576, p. 987; 1583, p. 1014.

(d. 1559)

Younger brother of the Duke of Northumberland (DNB)

Put in Tower with Northumberland 25 July 1553 (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1394; 1583, p. 1465).

Arraigned and condemned at Westminster 19 August 1553 (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1395; 1583, p. 1465).

Heard Mass in Tower 21 August 1553 (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1395; 1583, p. 1465).

Released on 18 January 1555 (1570, p. 1655; 1576, p. 1412; 1583, p. 1482).

(d. 1558)

Lord Mayor of London (1550 - 1551) and six times Master of the Skinners' company

During Mary's reign Sir Andrew Judd's protestant sympathies brought him into conflict with Stephen Gardiner but he appears to have retained Mary's trust. (See H. S. Vere-Hodge, Sir Andrew Judde (privately printed, Tonbridge School, 1953).

He was sent by Stephen Gardiner to Sir Thomas White with the command to bring Cut to Star Chamber, to be tried for sedition (1570, p. 1588; 1576, p. 1355; and 1583, p. 1425).

(1509/10 - 1567)

JP, MP for Lostwithel (1545), Great Bedwyn (1547), Preston (1553), Scarborough (1554), Maldon (1554). Sergeant-at-law and Mary's sergeant (1555). Chief Justice of the Common Pleas (1558 - 1559) and Justice of the Common Pleas (1559 - 1567). A leading early Elizabethan recusant [Bindoff, Commons, sub 'Browne, Anthony II'; DNB].

Sir Anthony Browne was instructed, in a letter of 19 August, to imprison those who criticised the 'Queenes order of religion' or did not attend mass and to report their names to the privy council. 1583, p. 1765. [Foxe's account was taken from APC V, p. 63, but Foxe misdated the incident to 1553; the Privy Council Register says 1554].

He threatened to send William Hunter's father to prison if William did not surrender himself. He interrogated William Hunter, became enraged with Hunter and sent Hunter to Bishop Bonner. 1570, pp. 1713-14; 1576, pp. 1462-63; 1583, pp. 1536-37.

He complained about the lack of wood at William Hunter's execution. He told Hunter that he would no more pray for him than for a dog. 1570, p. 1715; 1576, p. 1464; 1583, p. 1538.

He had Robert Hunter imprisoned in the stocks and then interrogated. 1570, p. 1716; 1576, p. 1465; 1583, p. 1539.

He was one of the commissioners who examined Thomas Wattes on 26 April 1555. He sent him to Bishop Bonner on 27 April to be tried for heresy. 1563, pp. 1162-63 and 1165-66; 1570, pp. 1769-70; 1576, p. 1511; 1583, pp. 1594-95

He was present at the execution of Thomas Higbed. 1570, p. 1720; 1576, p. 1469; 1583, p. 1542.

Anthony Brown persecuted George Eagles. 1570, p. 2204, 1576, p. 1902, 1583, p. 2010.

Rumours were raised in Chelmsford that Justice Brown had falsely accused diverse honest men who had kept Eagles safe in their houses, in order to discredit Eagles. Someone named Reynold of Chelmsford witnessed this to be false report. 1570, p. 2204, 1576, p. 1902, 1583, p. 2010.

Sir Anthony Hungerford sought the advice of justice Brown on how he should act towards Richard White and John Hunt. 1563, p. 1702, 1570, p. 2256, 1576, p. 1948, 1583, p. 2055.

[NB: Anthony Browne named Sir Edward Saunders as one of the overseers of his will (Bindoff, Commons).]

[NB: Do not confuse this Anthony Browne with Sir Anthony Browne, Viscount Montague - they are not the same person.]

(1526-92)

Viscount Mountague 1554-92 (DNB)

Present at Stephen Gardiner's Paul's Cross Sermon of 30 September 1554 (1570, p. 1644; 1576, p 1402; 1583, p. 1473).

Sent as an ambassador to the Pope on 19 February 1555. Foxe speculates that this embassy concerned the restoration of monastic lands to the Church (1570, p. 1729; 1576, p. 1477; 1583, p. 1529).

[NB: Do not confuse this Sir Anthony Browne with the Sir Anthony Browne of Essex; they are two different people.]

Foxe occasionally refers to him as 'Lord Montacute'.

(c. 1500 - 1548) [ODNB]

Courtier, diplomat; grew up in Henry VIII's court; surveyor and master of hunting, Yorkshire; gentleman of the privy chamber 1519; lieutenant of the Isle of Man 1525; ambassador to France 1527; JP Surrey 1532; contributed to Anne Boleyn's downfall; privy councillor, master of horse 1539; guardian of young Edward VI

The bearward who had a book belonging to Archbishop Cranmer's secretary intended giving it to Sir Anthony Browne or Stephen Gardiner. 1570, p. 1356; 1576, p. 1157; 1583, p. 1186.

When Nicholas Ridley visited Princess Mary at Hunsdon, she recalled the sermon he preached at the marriage of Elizabeth and Anthony Browne in the presence of King Henry. 1570, p. 1565; 1576, p. 1335; 1583, p. 1396.

During Henry VIII's final illness, Sir Anthony Browne tried unsuccessfully to get Stephen Gardiner reinstated in the king's will. 1570, p. 1478; 1576, p. 1253; 1583, p. 1291.

Sir Anthony Browne was a signatory to a letter to the king's commissioners relating Bishop Bonner's recantation of his protestation. 1570, p. 1502; 1576, p. 1273; 1583, p. 1310.

(1505/6 - 1576) [ODNB; Bindoff]

Educator and humanist; justice in the liberty of Havering; sheriff of Essex and Hertfordshire (1544 - 45); gentleman of the privy chamber 1546; MP Lewes 1547; MP Essex 1559, 1563

Sir Anthony Cooke was a member of the king's commission that attempted to administer an oath to Bishop Bonner and the clergy of St Paul's and that gave Bonner a list of injunctions. 1563, p. 689; 1570, p. 1501; 1576, pp. 1272-73; 1583, p. 1309.

(1501 - 1549)

Favourite of Henry VIII. Second son of Sir Edmund Denny, chief baron of the exchequer. [DNB] Groom of the Stool to Henry VIII.

The king sent Sir Anthony Denny to commit Cranmer to the Tower. 1570, p. 2040, 1576, p. 1759, 1583, p. 1866.

A letter was sent to Denny and Buttes by Morrice. Morrice was Turner's patron. 1570, pp. 2043-44, 1576, pp. 1762-63, 1583, pp. 1868-70.

(1501 - 1549) [ODNB; Bindoff]

Courtier, keeper of the privy purse 1542; patron of humanist letters; supported reformation; privy councillor 1547; MP Ipswich 1529, MP Herts 547; JP Essex, Hertfordshire (1547 - death)

Anthony Denny was an especially close attendant at the deathbed of Henry VIII. When others were afraid, he informed the king that he was close to death and must prepare himself. 1570, p. 1477; 1576, p. 1253; 1583, p. 1290.

Sir Anthony Denny was a signatory to a letter to the king's commissioners relating Bishop Bonner's recantation of his protestation. 1570, p. 1502; 1576, p. 1273; 1583, p. 1310.

(by 1492 - 1558)

MP Gloucester (1553). Sheriff of Wiltshire (1527 - 1528, 1538 - 1539, 1544 - 1545, 1556 - 1557), Oxfordshire and Berkshire (1536 - 1537), Gloucester (1553 - 1554). (Bindoff)

Anthony Hungerford, the high sheriff, was present at the condemnation of Richard White and John Hunt. 1570, p. 2256, 1576, p. 1948, 1583, p. 2055.

Master Clifford of Boscombe in Wiltshire told his father-in-law, Anthony Hungerford, not to meddle in the persecution of Richard White and John Hunt. 1570, p. 2254, 1576, p. 1947, 1583, p. 2054.

Sir Anthony Hungerford sought the advice of Justice Brown on how he should act towards Richard White and John Hunt. 1563, p. 1702, 1570, p. 2256, 1576, p. 1948, 1583, p. 2055.

Geffre was displeased with Hungerford's seeking advice elsewhere. 1563, p. 1702, 1570, p. 2256, 1576, p. 1948, 1583, p. 2055.

(1519 - 1556)

MP and gentleman of Gloucester; Provost Marshal in Cornwall [DNB and Bindoff, Commons]

Sir Anthony Kingston was one of the commissioners charged with carrying out John Hooper's execution. 1563, pp. 1054 and 1060; 1570, p. 1682; 1576, pp. 1435-36; 1583, pp. 1508-09.

He visited Hooper on the night of his execution and urged him to recant. Hooper refused, whereupon Kingston bade him an affectionate farewell and thanked the bishop for having converted him from his evil ways as a fornicator and adulterer. 1563, p. 1059; 1570, p. 1682; 1576, p. 1435; 1583, pp. 1508-09.

[NB: In 1552, Hooper had rebuked Kingston for adultery and fined him £500 for striking him (Bindoff, Commons). Bindoff also suggests Kingston's protestant sympathies and reluctant conformity under Mary. Kingston died while being taken to London to stand trial for conspiring against Mary].

Lieutenant of the Tower of London in 1546; refused a command of Wriothesley to continue racking Anne Askew [ODNB sub Edmund Walsingham]

Sir Anthony Knyvet had his jailer rack Anne Askew. When Knyvet refused to have the racking continued, Richard Rich and Thomas Wriothesley racked her themselves. She refused to give any information, but was released by Knyvet. He was threatened by Wriothesley and went to the king, who pardoned him. 1563, p. 676; 1570, p. 1418; 1576, p. 1209; 1583, p. 1239.

(1485? - 1552)

Comptroller of the Royal Household (1550 - 1552) [DNB]

Sir Anthony Wingfield signed a royal dispensation of 5 August 1550 permitting John Hooper to be consecrated without having to wear vestments. 1563, p. 1050; 1570, p. 1676; 1576, p. 1403 [recte 1430]; 1583, p. 1504.

(ante 1488 - 1552) [ODNB; Bindoff]

Soldier, administrator. MP Suffolk 1529, 1539, 1542, 1547; MP Horsham 1545; JP Suffolk (1510 - death); sheriff Norfolk and Suffolk (1515 - 16); privy councillor (1539 - death)

Vice-chamberlain (1539 - 50); captain of the guard 1539; comptroller of the royal household (1550 - 52)

Sir Anthony Wingfield attended the examination of John Marbeck. When Marbeck was returned to the Marshalsea, Wingfield ordered that he be treated kindly and that his money be protected. 1570, p. 1390; 1576, p. 1186; 1583, p. 1214.

Wingfield was one of the signatories of the letter of the council addressed to Thomas Cranmer ordering the abolishing of images in all churches in the archdiocese. 1563, p. 692; 1570, p. 1490; 1576, p. 1263; 1583, p. 1300.

He was a signatory to a letter from the council to the bishops, instructing them to administer communion in two kinds. 1570, p. 1491; 1576, p. 1264; 1583, p. 1301.

Stephen Gardiner preached a sermon contrary to the king's injunctions. He was arrested and taken to the Tower by Sir Anthony Wingfield and Sir Ralph Sadler; Sadler and William Hunnings were instructed to seal off doors to his house. He was transferred to the Fleet. 1563, pp. 728, 760; 1570, pp. 1521, 1529; 1576, pp. 1297, 1304; 1583, pp. 1340, 1353-54.

Anthony Wingfield was a deponent in the case of Stephen Gardiner. 1563, pp. 804-5

After Edmund Bonner was sentenced to prison and deprived of his bishopric, the king appointed Lord Rich, Henry marquess of Dorset, Thomas Goodrich, Lord Wentworth, Sir Anthony Wingfield, Sir William Herbert, Nicholas Wotton, Edward Montague, Sir John Baker, Judge Hales, John Gosnold, John Oliver and Griffith Leyson to examine his documents. They confirmed the sentence against him. 1563, p. 725; 1570, p. 1519; 1576, pp. 1287-88; 1583, p. 1330.

The king sent Richard Lord Rich, Sir Anthony Wingfield and Sir William Petre to his sister, Lady Mary, to ensure she and her household complied with the new laws on religion. 1576, pp. 1296-97; 1583, pp. 1338-39.

Lieutenant of the Tower of London (October 1551 - 1553) ['Officers of State during the period covered', The Diary of Henry Machyn: Citizen and Merchant-Taylor of London (1550-1563) (1848), pp. XIV-XIX. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=45505

Edward Seymour said farewell to Arthur Darcy and others on the scaffold before his execution in January 1552. 1563, p. 882; 1570, p. 1551; 1576, p. 1322; 1583, p. 1372.

(d. 1550) [ODNB]

Lisle pursuivant 1513; Suffolk herald 1517; Richmond herald 1525; Norroy king of arms 1536; garter king of arms (1536 - 1550)

Having been informed that Thomas Frebarne, his tenant, had obtained pork during Lent for his pregnant wife, Barker sent his man to investigate and then sent for the bishop of London's summoner to take him to the bishop. When Frebarne was eventually released, Barker turned him out of the house. 1570, pp. 1354-55; 1576, p. 1156; 1583, pp. 1184-85.

(d. 1541)

Master of the Rolls. [DNB]

Complaints about Richard Turner's sermons were made to Sir John Baker, Sir Christopher Hales and Sir Thomas Moyles. 1570, p. 2043, 1576, p. 1762, 1583, p. 1869.

(d. 1541) [ODNB]

of Hackington, Kent. Judge; attended Gray's Inn; solicitor-general 1525; JP Kent 1526; attorney-general 1529; master of the rolls 1536

The king had Christopher Hales sue a writ of praemunire against Thomas Wolsey. 1570, p. 1130; 1576, p. 967; 1583, p. 994.

Sir Christopher Hales commended Thomas Cromwell to the king. 1570, pp. 1347-48; 1576, p. 1150; 1583, p. 1179.

(by 1495 - 1571)

Of Barrow, Suffolk. MP for Rye (1553), Ipswich (1554), West Looe (1554), Lancaster (1555). Chief bailiff of Bury St Edmunds, JP Suffolk (1529 - 1571). (Bindoff)[SP11/5, no. 6].

Robert Pygot appeared before the judge, Sir Clement Higham, who sent him to Ely prison until his execution. 1570, p. 1893, 1576, p. 1621,1583, p. 1715.

The examination of John Fortune was carried out by Bishop Hooper, aided by Doctor Parker, Master Foster and Master Hygham. 1570, p. 2100, 1576, p. 1812, 1583, p. 1918.

David and John Henry, Philip Humphrey were arrested for heresy. The writ for Humphrey's burning was signed by Sir Clement Higham. 1563, p. 1672, 1570, p. 2249, 1576, p. 1942, 1583, p. 2049.

Alice Driver rebuked Queen Mary, for which the chief justice, Sir Clement Higham, ordered her ears to be cut off. 1563, p. 1670, 1570, p. 2247, 1576, p. 1941, 1583, p. 2048.

At Bury St Edmunds, Clement Higham met with the witnesses against Cooper, Richard White of Wattisham and Grimwood of Hitcham, Suffolk. 1563, p. 1704, 1570, p. 2301, 1576, p. 1990, 1583, p. 2101.

Cooper was condemned to be hanged, drawn and quartered as an example to others. 1563, p. 1704, 1570, p. 2301, 1576, p. 1990, 1583, p. 2101.

(1495? - 1544) [Bindoff, Commons]

Anne Boleyn's vice-chamberlain. [Wabuda, Preaching During the English Reformation, p. 124.]

Edward Baynton wrote to and received a letter from Hugh Latimer. 1563, pp. 1321-25, 1570, pp. 1913-16, 1576, pp. 1326-32, 1583, pp. 1748-51.

Latimer wrote a letter to Edward Baynton. 1563, pp. 1321-25, 1583, pp. 1743-48.

Baynton replied to Latimer's letter. 1563, p. 1326, 1570, p. 1913, 1576, p. 1639, 1583, p. 1748.

Latimer answered Baynton's reply. 1563, pp. 1326-32, 1570, pp. 1913-16, 1576, pp. 1639-43, 1583, pp. 1748-51.

Baynton heard of Henry Knyvet's meeting with Ludovico from Knyvet. 1583, pp. 1786-87.

(d. 1561)

Diplomatist; Mary's ambassador to the pope. Of Cowbridge, Glamorganshire. [DNB]

The pope's authority was discussed at the universities of Cambridge and Oxford, where it was concluded that Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Arragon was not legal, and the pope's authority was denounced. Cranmer, the earl of Wiltshire, Stokesley, Carne and Benet were then sent before the pope to deliver these conclusions. 1563, p. 1471, 1570, p. 2033, 1576, p. 1755, 1583, p. 1861. [1563 has the commission as consisting of: Cranmer, the earl of Wiltshire, Stokesley, Edward Lee, Trigonell, Carne and Bennet.]

(c. 1496 - 1561) [ODNB]

Diplomat; BCL Oxford 1519; DCL 1524; sent to Rome by Henry VIII in 1530 to delay proceedings on the divorce; resigned ecclesiastical preferments when married 1537; royal commissioner during dissolution of the monasteries; MP Glamorgan 1554; resident ambassador in Rome under Mary

Thomas Wolsey, after his fall, wrote to the court of Rome and to princes, criticising the king, and these words reached the ear of Edward Carne. 1570, p. 1132; 1576, p. 970; 1583, p. 996.

Thomas Cranmer, John Stokesley, Edward Carne, William Benet and the earl of Wiltshire were sent as ambassadors to the pope to dispute the matter of the king's marriage. 1570, p. 1280; 1576, p. 1095; 1583, p. 1121.

One of Henry VIII's chief grievances against the pope was his rejection of the king's ambassador, Sir Edward Carne, and the arguments he wished to put forward in the king's defence. 1570, p. 1220; 1576, p. 1045; 1583, p. 1071.

Sir Edward Carne was a deponent in the case of Stephen Gardiner. 1563, pp. 826-27.

Sheriff of Sussex and Surrey (1556 -1557). Brother of James Gage.

Edward Gage apprehended Derick Carver, Thomas Iveson, William Veisy, and John Launder at prayer in Carver's house during late October 1554. 1563, p. 1239. 1570, p. 1860, 1576, p. 1592, 1583, p. 1680.

Sir Edward Gage sent his men to arrest Richard Woodman in Warbleton, Sussex. 1570, pp. 2171, 2188, 1576, pp. 1875, 1889, 1583, pp. 1983-84, 1997.

John Trew was persecuted by Sir Edward Gage and imprisoned, pilloried and had his ears cut off. 1563, p. 1681.

[Son of John Gage.]

(by 1519 - 1573)

Lord Hastings of Loughborough. MP for Leicester (1547, 1552), Leicestshire (1547, 1553), Middlesex (1533, 1554, 1555). Sheriff of Leicestershire and Middlesex (1550), town clerk of Leicester (1553), bailiff (1553 - 1554). JP Middlesex (1554 - 1558/9), Leicestershire (1558/9). (DNB; Bindoff; Cockayne) Master of the Horse (DNB)

Sir Edward Hastings was sent to bring Princess Elizabeth to London on 11 February 1554 (1570, p. 1637; 1576, p. 1397; 1583, p. 1467).

He was sent as an ambassador, 'I knowe not wither', but it was believed to escort Cardinal Pole to England (1570, p. 1645; 1576, p. 1403; 1583, pp. 1473-74).

After Wyatt's rebellion, Hastings went to see Elizabeth at Ashridge and found her to be unwell. 1563, p. 1711, 1570, p. 2288, 1576, p. 1982, 1583, p. 2091.

On 15 December 1557 a letter was sent by the archbishop of York, the earl of Shrewsbury, Edward Hastings, Anthony Montague, John Bourne and Henry Jernegam (members of the privy council) to Bishop Bonner along with the examinations of John Rough. They sent Rough to Newgate. 1563, p. 1646, 1570, p. 2226, 1576, pp. 1921-22., 1583, p. 2028 [incorrectly numbered as 2034].

Sentence against six martyred at Brentford was read by Darbyshire in the presence of Edward Hastings and Thomas Cornwallis. 1563, p. 1669, 1570, p. 2241, 1576, p. 1935, 1583, p. 2039.

[Confined to Baynard Castle in 1561 and later sent to the Tower for hearing mass. Recanted and took the oath of supremacy and was released. Retired to Buckinghamshire.]

(c. 1513 - 1593)

JP, MP (1553, 1554, 1558, 1559, 1563, 1571, 1589). Sheriff of Cardiganshire (1546 - 1547). Sheriff of Brecon (1549 - 1550). Sheriff of Montgomeryshire (1551 - 1552, 1556 - 1557, 1567 - 1568) [Bindoff, Commons]

Sir Edward Herbert is described by Foxe as an adherent of Robert Ferrar's enemies. According to Foxe, he withheld rents due to Ferrar in order to increase the bishop's indebtedness to the crown. 1563, p. 1096; 1583, p. 1552.

[NB: Herbert returned Robert Ferrar's enemy Griffith Donne to Parliament.]

[Foxe calls him Edward 'Harbard']

(d. 1557)

Chief Justice of the Common Pleas (DNB)

Put in the Tower, 27 July 1553; called 'Lord Mountacute, chief Justice of the common place' by Foxe. (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1394; 1583, p. 1465).

'Montacute' delivered from the Tower, 7 September 1553, (1570, p. 1635; 1576, p. 1395; 1583, p. 1466).

Foxe states that a Sir John Rogers was committed to the Tower on 24 February 1554 (1570, p. 1638; 1576, p. 1397; 1583, p. 1468).

[NB: According to the Privy Council Register a Sir Edward Rogers was committed to the Tower of 24 February 1554. This name is confirmed in J. G. Nicholas, ed., The Chronicle of Queen Jane and of ... Queen Mary, Camden Society Original series 48 (London, 1850), p. 65].

Released from the Tower on 18 January 1555 (1570, p. 1655; 1576, p. 1412; 1583, p. 1482).

High marshal of Calais (1530 - 35); comptroller of Calais 1539 [Lisle Letters]

Sir Edward Ryngeley was cruel to Thomas Broke's wife when Broke was in prison. 1563, p. 666; 1570, p. 1405; 1576, p. 1198; 1583, p. 1227.

Sir Edward was one of the Calais councillors who persecuted the protestants there. All of those councillors eventually were imprisoned or died miserably. 1563, p. 668; 1570, p. 1406; 1576, p. 1199; 1583, p. 1228.

(1517? - 1561) (DNB)

Member of Princess Mary's household from 1551. Master of the Queen's Wardrobe; privy councillor. MP (1553, 1554, 1557 - 1558). Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (1557 - 1558). Commissioner for inquiry into heresies. (DNB; Bindoff, Commons)

Sir Edward Waldegrave was one of the recipients of the proclamation from Philip and Mary authorising the persecution of protestants. 1563, p. 1561, 1570, p. 2155, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1974[incorrectly numbered 1970].

He was present at Gardiner's sermon, 30 September 1554. Foxe calls him 'Walgraue'. (1570, p. 1644; 1576, p. 1402; 1583, p. 1473).

Walgrave was a member of a commission set up by Philip and Mary to seek out heretics. 1563, pp. 1561 [recte 1573]-1563 [recte 1575].

James Ashley was examined by Hopton, bishop of Norwich, and Dr Spenser, his chancellor, as well as Sir Edward Waldegrave. 1563, p. 1669, 1570, p. 2240, 1576, p. 1941, 1583, p. 2047.

John Cooke was examined by Hopton, bishop of Norwich, and Dr Spenser, his chancellor, as well as Sir Edward Waldegrave. 1563, p. 1669, 1570, p. 2240, 1576, p. 1941, 1583, p. 2047.

Alexander Lane was examined by Hopton, bishop of Norwich, and Dr Spenser, his chancellor, as well as Sir Edward Waldegrave. 1563, p. 1669, 1570, p. 2240, 1576, p. 1941, 1583, p. 2047.

Robert Miles was examined by Hopton, bishop of Norwich, and Dr Spenser, his chancellor, as well as Sir Edward Waldegrave. 1563, p. 1669, 1570, p. 2240, 1576, p. 1941, 1583, p. 2047.

[Imprisoned in the Tower for permitting mass to be said in his house. Died there in 1561. (DNB)]

[Foxe refers to him as Walgrave.]

(1516/17 - 1561) [ODNB]

Courtier, administrator; member of Princess Mary's household 1549; within the inner circle of Mary's servants (1551 - 53); privy councillor (1553 - 58); JP Essex (1554 - 58/9); JP Suffolk 1554

Chancellor 1558; MP Wiltshire 1553; MP Somerset 1554; MP Essex 1558

The king sent his own councillors to his sister, Lady Mary, after her servants, Rochester, Englefield and Waldegrave, had failed to prevent masses being said in her household. 1576, pp. 1296-97; 1583, pp. 1338-39.

(1511- 65)(DNB)

Lieutenant of the Tower under Edward VI, he lost the post under Mary and was actually sent to the Tower with Northampton in January 1554.

Sent to the Tower with Northampton, 25 January 1554 (1570, p. 1637; 1576, p. 1396; 1583, p. 1467).

Released from the Tower on 18 January 1555 (1570, p. 1655; 1576, p. 1412; 1583, p. 1482).

(1489?-1551) [ODNB]

Administrator; JP Kent 1524 onwards; sheriff of Kent 1529, 1535

Treasurer of Calais (1540 - death)

Edward Wotton was a signatory to a letter from the council to the bishops, instructing them to administer communion in two kinds. 1570, p. 1491; 1576, p. 1264; 1583, p. 1301.

Edward Wotton was one of the signatories to the proclamation against Edward Seymour calling for his removal. 1570, p. 1547; 1576, p. 1318; 1583, p. 1368.

Sheriff of Lincolnshire (1553 - 1554)

Gardiner sought revenge against Katherine Brandon first through her husband Richard Bertie, by insisting that the sheriff of Lincolnshire bring Richard before him. 1570, p. 2283, 1576, p. 1971, 1583, p. 2078.

The sheriff took only a bond from Bertie of ?2000 for his appearance before him. 1570, p. 2283, 1576, p. 1971, 1583, p. 2078.

(1507 - 1537) [ODNB]

of Mulgrave Castle. Rebel; initially opposed the Pilgimage of Grace; joined after capture; led second rising

Sir Francis Bigod and other rebels were executed in 1537. 1570, p. 1239; 1576, p. 1061; 1583, p. 1087.

(d. 1550) [ODNB]

Called the Vicar of Hell; courtier and writer; member of diplomatic missions

Sir Francis, in Rome as one of Henry VIII's ambassadors, received instructions from the king relating to the promoting of Thomas Wolsey as pope if Clement VII were dead. 1570, p. 1126; 1576, p. 1301; 1583, p. 1351.

After the Act of Supremacy, Henry VIII attempted to improve relations with other monarchs by sending ambassadors. Sir Francis Brian was sent to Francis I. 1570, p. 1218; 1576, p. 1043; 1583, p. 1070.

When a messenger arrived with letters from Thomas Cromwell for Edmund Bonner, Stephen Gardiner enquired of the messenger whether Sir Francis Bryan and Sir John Wallop were in the court when he left. 1570, p. 1241; 1576, p. 1062; 1583, p. 1089.

Stephen Gardiner recalled that Cromwell spent a day and a half investigating a matter between Sir Francis Bryan and Gardiner, finally declaring Gardiner an honest man. 1563, p. 756; 1570, p. 1526; 1576, p. 1301; 1583, p. 1351.

(1521/2 - 1596) [ODNB; Bindoff]

Catholic exile; high sheriff of Berkshire and Oxfordshire at the death of Henry VIII. In Princess Mary's household. Privy councillor, Master of the Rolls, Master of the Court of Wards and Liveries under Mary

The privy council complained that Mary had received Francis Englefield into her household when he had left the king's service. 1576, p. 1290; 1583, p. 1333.

The king sent his own councillors to his sister, Lady Mary, after her servants, Rochester, Englefield and Waldegrave, had failed to prevent masses being said in her household. 1576, pp. 1296-97; 1583, pp. 1338-39.

(1514? - 1596)

Elizabethan courtier and statesman. [DNB] Religious exile [Garrett, Marian Exiles (Cambridge, 1938)]

After expulsion from Oxford, Julins Palmer became a teacher of children in the house of Sir Francis Knollys. 1576, p. 1841, 1583, p. 1935.

(d. 1559)

Lord Willoughby [DNB entry for his grandson of the same name]

Accompanied Queen Mary to Westminster Abbey for her coronation on 1 October 1553 (1570, p. 1635; 1576, p. 1395; 1583, p. 1466).

(c. 1503 - 1585)

Uncle to Sir Peter Carew (Hasler, Commons)

Sir Gawain Carew was sent to the Tower on 3 March 1554 (1570, p. 1639; 1576, p 1398; 1583, p. 1469).

He was released from the Tower on 18 January 1555 (1570, p. 1655; 1576, p 1412; 1583, p. 1482).

Lord Mayor of London (1552 - 1553). [Calendar of State Papers Domestic, Mary, 20.]

In Ridley's friendly farewell he comments on the mayoral role of Sir Richard Hills and Sir George Barnes. 1570, pp. 1939-43, 1576, pp. 1622-28, 1583, pp. 1770-76.

(c. 1512 - 1551) [Fines]

Grocer in Trinity the less parish, London; courtier; charged in 1541 with numerous offences; pardoned by Henry VIII

George Blage was one of those charged in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1376; 1576, p. 1174; 1583, p. 1203.

The Sunday before Anne Askew was executed, Thomas Wriothesley had George Blage sent to Newgate and then to the Guild Hall, where he was condemned to be burnt. 1570, p. 1427; 1576, p. 1216; 1583, p. 1245.

John Russell made suit to the king on Blage's behalf, and he was pardoned. 1570, p. 1427; 1576, p. 1216; 1583, p. 1246.

George Blage was a deponent in the case of Stephen Gardiner. 1563, p. 812

(c. 1504 - 1545) [ODNB]

Soldier and naval commander; captain of Rysbank in the Calais pale 1539; supported protestant preachers

Lord Grey, Sir George Carew and Sir Richard Grenville were the members of the council of Calais who were more favourable to the accused heretics of the town. For a time they were out of favour with the king, but later were in greater favour than before. 1563, p. 668; 1570, p. 1406; 1576, p. 1199; 1583, p. 1228.

(1503-83)

Of Sutton Valence, Kent, and London (Bindoff, Commons)

Released from the Tower on 18 January 1555 (1570, p. 1655; 1576, p. 1412; 1583, p. 1482).

[Foxe does not state what Harper had been imprisoned for; but he was a participant in Wyatt's rebellion (Bindoff, Commons).]

One of the leaders of the troops sent against Sir Thomas Wyatt (1570, p. 1637; 1576, p. 1396; 1583, p. 1467).

Foxe calls him 'Sir George Haward'.

Sheriff of Essex (1550 - 51) [PRO List of Sheriffs]

Two of Princess Mary's chaplains, Mallet and Barkley, were committed to the sheriff of Essex in December 1550. 1576, p. 1334; 1583, p. 1292.

Diplomat; councillor to Henry VIII

Sir Gregory, in Rome as one of Henry VIII's ambassadors, received instructions from the king relating to the promoting of Thomas Wolsey as pope if Clement VII were dead. It was suggested that Sir Gregory be positioned in the conclave of cardinals after the death of Gregory VII, not as ambassador but as a minister to a cardinal, to assist in getting Wolsey elected pope.1570, pp. 1126, 1128; 1576, pp. 964, 966; 1583, pp. 990, 992.

(d. 1495) [ODNB]

of Yorkshire; justice of the King's Bench

Sir Guy Fairfax and Sir John Vavasour heard a case at Warwick involving a deceased married deacon whose son claimed inheritance of the tenancy. They adjourned the session and passed the case to the Exchequer. 1570, p. 1344; 1576, p. 1147; 1583, p. 1176.

(1511 - 1583)

Of Oxborough, Norfolk. JP Norfolk (1538 - 1554). Lieutenant of the Tower (October 1555 - c. September 1556). Vice-chamberlain of Household and Captain of the Guard (Dec 1557- November 1558). Privy councillor. (DNB; Bindoff)

When the constable of the Tower was dismissed, he was replaced by Bedingfield in order to watch over Elizabeth who was then prisoner in the Tower. 1563, p. 1713, 1570, p. 2289, 1576, p. 1982, 1583, p. 2090.

Bedingfield was involved in Elizabeth's removal from the Tower to Richmond. 1563, p. 1713, 1570, p. 2289, 1576, p. 1982, 1583, p. 2090.

Bedingfield was not happy at the treatment Elizabeth received when she was at the house of Lord Williams of Thame. 1563, p. 1713, 1570, p. 2289, 1576, p. 1982, 1583, p. 2090.

Foxe recounts Bedingfield's behaviour towards Elizabeth when she stayed at the house of Lord Williams of Thame. 1563, p. 1713, 1570, p. 2289, 1576, p. 1982, 1583, p. 2090.

When he had to leave the Tower, Bedingfield left instructions that no one should have access to Elizabeth until his return. 1563, p. 1712v [no page number; following recto is 1713], 1570, p. 2289, 1576, p. 1982, 1583, p. 2090.

He was one of Elizabeth's guards during her removal from Woodstock. 1563, p. 1712v [no page number; following recto is 1713], 1570, p. 2289, 1576, p. 1982, 1583, p. 2090.

James Basset wanted to meet with Sir Henry Bedingfield. 1563, p. 1712v [no page number; following recto is 1713], 1570, p. 2289, 1576, p. 1982, 1583, p. 2090.

Bedingfield guarded Elizabeth on her removal to Rycote, Oxfordshire. 1563, p. 1712v [no page number; following recto is 1713], 1570, p. 2289, 1576, p. 1982, 1583, p. 2090.

He brought Elizabeth to see Mary in her bedchamber. 1570, p. 2295, 1576, p. 1987.

Elizabeth was sent to Woodstock and placed in Sir Henry Bedingfield's custody. Foxe criticizes him for his strict and severe custody of her (1563, p. 1004; 1570, p. 1642; 1576, p 1401; 1583, p. 1611). In the 1563 edition, this was followed by passages praising Elizabeth for her mercy in not seeking revenge on Bedingfield (1563, p. 1004); these passages were never reprinted.

Bedingfield reported to the privy council that Stephen Appes was mad (1583, p. 1577).

Elizabeth was set free by Bedingfield and she forgave him his actions. 1570, p. 2295, 1576, p. 1987.

(d. 1561)

Sheriff of Suffolk, JP for Suffolk (1555) [SP11/5, no. 6; Calendar of the Patent Rolls, Philip and Mary, 3, 139], Pond Hall, Suffolk. [See Diarmaid MacCulloch, Suffolk and the Tudors: Politics and Religion in an English County 1500-1600 (Oxford, 1986), pp. 27, 93, 167. JP 87, 171 in app. 1.]

Rowland Taylor, while rector of Hadleigh, used to call on Doyle at least once a fortnight to visit almshouses with him (1563, p. 1078; 1576, p. 1453; 1583, p. 1526).

Doyle was ordered by the privy council on 26 March 1554 to, together with Foster, arrest Rowland Taylor and Henry Askew and to send them to the council (1583, p. 1428).

Sir Henry Doyle, the sheriff of Ipswich, was offended by Driver's and Gouch's psalm singing at their execution. He asked the bailiffs to ask them to be silent. Richard Smart, one of the bailiff's, bade them do so to no avail. 1563, p. 1672, 1570, p. 2248, 1576, p. 1942, 1583, p. 2049.

Sir Henry Doyle sent one of his own men, Richard Cove, to bid Driver and Gouch be silent. 1563, p. 1672, 1570, p. 2248, 1576, p. 1942, 1583, p. 2049.

When Driver and Gouch were tied to the stake, several people crowded around them, despite Doyle's threats to arrest them. None were arrested. 1563, p. 1672, 1570, p. 2248, 1576, p. 1942, 1583, p. 2049.

John Cooper was first accused of high treason for speaking against Queen Mary. He was arrested and taken to Henry Doyle by Master Timperley of Hintlesham, Suffolk, and Grimwood of Lawshall, constable. 1563, p. 1704, 1570, p. 2301, 1576, p. 1990, 1583, p. 2101.

At his death John Cooper left a wife and nine children, with goods and cattle to the value of 300 marks, which was removed from Cooper's family by Sir Henry Doyle. 1563, p. 1704, 1570, p. 2301, 1576, p. 1990, 1583, p. 2101.

Richard Yeoman was set in the stocks after his capture. Yeoman met with John Dale in the cage, who had been there for three or four days and remained there until Sir Henry Doyle, a justice, came to Hadleigh. 1563, p. 1698, 1570, p. 2244, 1576, p. 1939, 1583, p. 2046.

Newall urged Doyle to take Dale and Yeoman to prison. 1563, p. 1698, 1570, p. 2244, 1576, p. 1939, 1583, p. 2046.

Doyle believed that Dale and Yeoman should not be punished for more than a day or two. 1563, p. 1698, 1570, p. 2244, 1576, p. 1939, 1583, p. 2046.

Doyle believed that Dale should be released immediately. 1563, p. 1698, 1570, p. 2244, 1576, p. 1939, 1583, p. 2046.

Doyle submitted to Newall's requests eventually and signed the writ for them to be taken to Bury jail. 1563, p. 1698, 1570, p. 2244, 1576, p. 1939, 1583, p. 2046.

[Foxe calls him 'Doell' or 'Doyll'.]

(d. 1565?) (DNB suppl.)

Captain of the Guard of Guisnes; cousin of Northumberland

Sent to the Tower on 7 August 1553 (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1394; 1583, p. 1465.)

[NB: Do not confuse Sir Henry Dudley with Henry Dudley, the eldest son of Northumberland.]

(c. 1523 - 1589)

Brother of Sir John Gates (Bindoff, Commons)

Imprisoned with Northumberland in the Tower 25 July 1553 (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1394; 1583, p. 1465).

Arraigned and condemned at Westminster 19 August 1553 (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1395; 1583, p. 1465).

Pardoned and released in October 1553 (Bindoff, Commons).

(ante 1523 - 1589) [ODNB]

of London, Havering-atte-Bower, Essex; MP New Shoreham 1545; MP Bridport 1547; MP Bramber 1559; MP Scarborough 1563, 1572; MP Yorkshire 1571, 1586; gentleman pensioner 1546; JP Suffolk 1547, JP Yorks (East and North Ridings)

Underhill related to Foxe the conversation he overheard between young Prince Edward and his councillors, in which the prince questioned the story of St George. Among others who overheard was Sir Henry Gates. 1583, p. 1395.

(1489 - 1532) [ODNB]

Courtier; master of the horse; comptroller of the household

William Tyndale wished to enter the service of Tunstall, the bishop of London, and approached Sir Henry Guildford, who accompanied him and wrote a letter on his behalf. However, Tunstall in the end refused. 1570, pp. 1225-26; 1576, p. 1049; 1583, pp. 1075-76.

Thomas Wolsey, having obtained large sums from the king's treasury, went to the French court to contribute to the ransom of Clement VII, hiring soldiers and furnishing the French army. He took with him Cuthbert Tunstall, William Sandys, the earl of Derby, Sir Henry Guildford and Sir Thomas More. 1563, p. 439; 1570, p. 1123; 1576, p. 962; 1583, p. 988.

Amongst the grievances against the clergy expressed in the 1530 parliament, Sir Henry Guildford complained that he and other executors of the will of Sir William Compton had to pay a thousand marks for probate to Cardinal Wolsey and the archbishop of Canterbury. 1570, p. 1131; 1576, p. 968; 1583, p. 995.

(d. 1554)

Of Sundridge, Kent. JP, Sheriff of Kent (1542–43, 1551–52)

A prominent participant in Wyatt's Rebellion. Executed in 1554 (see CSP Dom. Mary I, p. 99, and Loades, Two Tudor Conspiracies, pp. 77-80, 109, 113 and 127).

Foxe records his being put in the Tower (1570, p. 1637; 1576, p. 1397; 1583, p. 1467).

(d. 1571)

Vice-chamberlain of the royal household; captain of the guard (1553). (DNB)

Sir Henry Jerningham took Elizabeth's lady-in-waiting Katherine Ashley and imprisoned her in the Fleet. 1563, p. 1715, 1570, p. 2295, 1576, p. 1987.

On 15 December 1557 a letter was sent by the archbishop of York, the earl of Shrewsbury, Edward Hastings, Anthony Montague, John Bourne and Henry Jerningham (members of the privy council) to Bishop Bonner along with the examinations of John Rough. They sent Rough to Newgate. 1563, p. 1646, 1570, p. 2226, 1576, pp. 1921-22., 1583, p. 2028 [incorrectly numbered as 2034].

Master Jerningham and Thomas Mildmay took Sandys to prison. 1583, p. 2087.

Katherine Ashley was arrested by Jerningham and Norris and imprisoned in the Fleet. 1570, p. 2295, 1576, p. 1987, 1583, p. 2291.

(1537? - 1598) [ODNB)

Soldier and member of parliament

In 1541, Gardiner and Sir Henry Knyvet had been sent as ambassadors to the Diet of Regensburg, and Kynvet stayed on as ambassador to Charles V. Towards the end of April 1554, Henry VIII instructed Gardiner and Knyvet to ask Charles to arbitrate between England and the papacy as Gardiner describes in his sermon (Glyn Redworth, In defence of the Church Catholic (Oxford, 1990), pp. 130, 137-38 and 149).

In his Paul's Cross sermon of 2 December 1554, Stephen Gardiner stated that he and 'M. Knevet' were sent as ambassadors to the emperor. 1563, p. 1019; 1570, p. 1651; 1576, p. 1409; 1583, p. 4179 [recte 1479]).

Sir Henry Knyvet and Gardiner were sent as ambassasors to the emperor. 1563, p. 816; 1583, p. 1786.

Knyvet spoke with Wolfe about how to answer Ludovico's questions. 1563, p. 816; 1583, 1786.

He was introduced to Ludovico by Wolfe. He discussed Ludovico's commission. 1563, pp. 816-18; 1583, pp. 1786-87.

He told Barkerley, Blunt and Baynton about what he had heard from Ludovico. 1563, pp. 816-18; 1583, pp. 1786-87.

In his Paul's Cross sermon of 2 December 1554, Stephen Gardiner stated that he and ‘M. Knevet' were sent as ambassadors to the Holy Roman Emperor (1563, p. 1019; 1570, p. 1651; 1576, p. 1409; 1583, p. 4179 [recte 1479]).

In 1541, Gardiner and Sir Henry Knyvet had been sent as ambassadors to the Diet of Regensburg and Kynvet stayed on as ambassador to Charles V. Towards the end of April 1554, Henry VIII instructed Gardiner and Knyvet to ask Charles to arbitrate between England and the papacy as Gardiner describes in his sermon (Glyn Redworth, In defence of the Church Catholic (Oxford, 1990), pp. 130, 137-38 and 149).

(c. 1520 - 1593) [ODNB sub Henry VIII, privy chamber of]

Groom of Henry VIII's privy chamber; godson of the king; witnessed the king's will

Sir Henry Neville and Sir Anthony Denny testified to hearing King Henry tell the lord chancellor, Thomas Wriothesley, that Stephen Gardiner was not to come into the king's sight. 1570, p. 1478; 1576, p. 1253; 1583, p. 1291.

JP in Essex (1555) [PRO, SP11/5, no. 6]

The privy council sent a letter to Sir Henry Tyrell, Anthony Browne and Edmond Browne, instructing that they imprison all those who ?contemne? the queen?s religious order on (according to Foxe) 19 August 1553 (1583, p. 1465). [Foxe took this material from the privy council register but he misdated it. APC V, p. 63 shows that the date of the letter was 19 August 1554.]

Tyrell was one of the commissioners who examined Thomas Wattes on 26 April 1555. These commissioners sent Wattes to Bishop Bonner on 27 April to be tried for heresy. 1563, pp. 1162-63 and 1165-66; 1570, pp. 1769-70; 1576, p. 1511; 1583, pp. 1594-95

On 29 August 1557 an indenture was made between several lords and justices and John Kingston concerning the delivery of 22 prisoners from Colchester. Tyrell was one of the persecutors named in the indenture. 1563, p. 1565, 1570, p. 2157, 1576, p. 1864, 1583, p. 1975 [incorrectly marked as 1971]

JP in Essex. (1555) [PRO, SP11/5, no. 6]

The privy council sent a letter to Sir Henry Tyrell, Anthony Browne and Edmond Browne, instructing that they imprison all those who 'contemne' the queen's religious order on (according to Foxe) 19 August 1553 (1583, p. 1465). [Foxe took this material from the privy council register but he misdated it. APC V, p. 63, shows that the date of the letter was 19 August 1554].

Tyrell was one of the commissioners who examined Thomas Wattes on 26 April 1555. These commissioners sent Wattes to Bishop Bonner on 27 April to be tried for heresy. 1563, pp. 1162-63 and 1165-66; 1570, pp. 1769-70; 1576, p. 1511; 1583, pp. 1594-95

On 29 August 1557 an indenture was made between several lords and justices and John Kingston concerning the delivery of 22 prisoners from Colchester. Tyrell was one of the persecutors named in the indenture. 1563, p. 1565, 1570, p. 2157, 1576, p. 1864, 1583, p. 1975 [incorrectly marked as 1971]

Accuser of George Blage

Sir Hugh Calverley testified with Edward Littleton against George Blage. 1570, p. 1427; 1576, p. 1216; 1583, p. 1245.

(ante 1510 - 1573) [ODNB; Bindoff]

Soldier and administrator; JP Somerset (1532 - death), JP western circuit (1540 - death), JP Devon (1547 - death), JP Dorset (1562 - death); sheriff of Somerset and Dorset (1536 - 37, 1542 - 43), sheriff of Devon (1541 - 42); MP Somerset (1539, 1572)

Hugh Paulet was appointed to assist Sir John Russell in the west at the time of the Western Rising. 1570, p. 1499; 1576, p. 1271; 1583, p. 1307.

(1512/3 - 1550) [ODNB]

of Helland, Cornwall; Catholic landowner; leader of the Western Rising of 1549; captured and tried for treason, hanged at Tyburn

Humphrey Arundell was one of the Devonshire men's chief captains. 1563, p. 886; 1570, p. 1496; 1576, p. 1268; 1583, p. 1305.

Humphrey Arundell and Henry Bray requested safe conduct to put their grievances to the king. 1563, p. 886.

Arundell was captured and executed with other rebel leaders. 1570, p. 1499; 1576, p. 1271; 1583, p. 1308.

of Berkshire

Sir Humphrey Foster was one of the persecutors of Robert Testwood, Henry Filmer and Anthony Pearson. 1570, p. 1386; 1576, p. 1182; 1583, p. 1211.

The judges of John Marbeck, Henry Filmer, Anthony Pearson and Robert Testwood at Windsor were John Capon, Sir William Essex, Thomas Brydges, Sir Humphrey Foster, William Franklyn and Thomas Vachell. 1570, p. 1396; 1576, p. 1191; 1583, p. 1219.

Sir Humphrey Foster spoke in favour of John Marbeck's acquital, but Thomas Vachell was opposed. 1570, p. 1396; 1576, p. 1191; 1583, p. 1219.

Some said it was through the suit of Sir William Barrantyne and Sir Humphrey Foster to John Capon that a pardon was obtained for John Marbeck. 1570, p. 1397; 1576, p. 1191; 1583, p. 1220.

Sir William Barrantyne and Sir Humphrey Foster later told the king that their involvement in the deaths of Filmer, Pearson and Testwood had been against their consciences. 1570, p. 1399; 1576, p. 1193; 1583, p. 1221.

(before 1481 - 1545) [ODNB]

Lawyer and speaker of the House of Commons; general attorney for Charles Brandon; served the corporations of Ipswich and Great Yarmouth, the earl of Oxford, the duke of Norfolk; JP Suffolk (1504 - 45); sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk 1520; MP Ipswich 1523; MP Great Yarmouth (1529, 1536, 1542); speaker 1533

Sir Humphrey Wingfield was the father of Robert Wingfield. 1570, p. 1410; 1576, p. 1202; 1583, p. 1232.

(d. 1591) (DNB)

Sent to the Tower on 21 February 1554 (1570, p. 1637; 1576, p. 1397; and 1583, p. 1467).

Brought to the Guildhall on 17 April 1554 (1570, p. 1639; 1576, p. 1399; and 1583, p. 1469).

Arraigned and convicted of treason at the Guildhall on 28 April 1554 (1570, p. 1639; 1576, p. 1399; and 1583, p. 1469).

Released from the Tower on 18 January 1555 (1570, p. 1655; 1576, p. 1412; and 1583, p. 1482).

(1510 - 1582) [ODNB]

Judge; law reporter; speaker of the House of Commons; MP for Wells and Cambridgeshire; serjeant-at-law 1552; judge of the common pleas 1557; chief justice (1559 - 82

James Dyer was a witness in 1551 to the sentence against Stephen Gardiner and his appellation. 1563, p. 867.

(d. 1554)

Judge of the Common Pleas (1547 - 1553) (DNB); father-in-law of Joyce Hales

Sir James Hales is mentioned as opposing the Act proclaiming Lady Jane Grey as heir to Edward VI and is characterised as both 'favouringe true religion' and 'as upright a Iudge as any was in this realme' (1563, p. 901; 1570, p. 1567; 1576, p. 1336; and 1583, p. 1406).

Hales' exemplary character and piety described (1563, pp. 1113-14).

A brief account of how Hales upheld the statutes passed in Edward's reign against the establishing of altars and the Mass, was imprisoned and attempted suicide (1563, p. 905; 1570, p. 1571; 1576, pp. 1339-40; and 1583, p. 1410; also see 1563, p. 1114).

After Hales had enforced the Edwardian statues in Kent in the summer of 1553, he came to Westminster at the beginning of the legal term in October 1553 to be sworn in as a justice. Lord Chancellor Stephen Gardiner refused to administer the oath to him unless he abjured. Hales refused. He was arrested soon after. While imprisoned, George Day, William Portman and one Foster sought to persuade him to recant (1563, pp. 1114-15; 1570, pp. 1708-9; 1576, p. 1458; 1583, p. 1532).

A notice that Hales was committed to the Marshalsea appears in 1570, p. 1637; 1576, p. 1396; 1583, p. 1467).

Hales attempted to commit suicide in prison. Afterward, in April 1554, he was released (1563, p. 1115; 1570, p. 1709; 1576, p. 1459; 1583, p. 1533).

Ridley reported, in a letter to Cranmer, written in the aftermath of the Oxford disputations in April 1554, that John Moreman had persuaded Sir James Hales to recant (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1394; 1583, p. 1464).

Hales succeeded in killing himself (1563, p. 1115; 1570, p. 1709; 1576, p. 1459; 1583, p. 1533).

Foxe defends Hales' character and suicide (1563, pp. 1116-17; 1570, p. 1709; 1576, p. 1459; 1583, p. 1533).

(d. 1554)

Judge of the Common Pleas (1547 - 1553). Of Canterbury. [DNB] Father-in-law of Joyce Hales.

Sir James Hales is mentioned as opposing the act proclaiming Lady Jane Grey as heir to Edward VI and is characterised as both 'favouringe true religion' and 'as upright a Iudge as any was in this realme' (1563, p. 901; 1570, p. 1567; 1576, p. 1336; and 1583, p. 1406).

Hales' exemplary character and piety are described (1563, pp. 1113-14).

Foxe gives a brief account of how Hales upheld the statutes passed in Edward's reign against the establishing of altars and the mass, was imprisoned and attempted suicide (1563, p. 905; 1570, p. 1571; 1576, pp. 1339-40; and 1583, p. 1410; also see 1563, p. 1114).

After Hales had enforced the Edwardian statues in Kent in the summer of 1553, he came to Westminster at the beginning of the legal term in October 1553 to be sworn in as a justice. Lord Chancellor Stephen Gardiner refused to administer the oath to him unless he abjured. Hales refused. He was arrested soon after. While imprisoned, George Day, William Portman and one Foster sought to persuade him to recant. 1563, pp. 1114-15; 1570, pp. 1708-9; 1576, p. 1458; 1583, p. 1532.

Sir James Hales received a letter from John Bradford when he was a prisoner in the Counter in Bread Street. 1570, pp. 1818-19, 1576, pp. 1554-56, 1584, p. 1636.

A notice that Hales was committed to the Marshalsea appears in 1570, p. 1637; 1576, p. 1396; 1583, p. 1467).

Hales attempted to commit suicide in prison. Afterward, in April 1554, he was released 1563, p. 1115; 1570, p. 1709; 1576, p. 1459; 1583, p. 1533.

Ridley reported, in a letter to Cranmer, written in the aftermath of the Oxford disputations in April 1554, that John Moreman had persuaded Sir James Hales to recant (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1394; 1583, p. 1464).

Hales succeeded in killing himself 1563, p. 1115; 1570, p. 1709; 1576, p. 1459; 1583, p. 1533.

Foxe defends Hales' character and suicide 1563, pp. 1116-17; 1570, p. 1709; 1576, p. 1459; 1583, p. 1533.

Hales drowned himself. 1570, p. 2300, 1576, p. 1991. 1583, p. 2101.

(d. 1554) [ODNB]

of Canterbury. Judge of the common pleas (1547 - 53); father-in-law of Joyce Hales

After Edmund Bonner was sentenced to prison and deprived of his bishopric, the king appointed Lord Rich, Henry marquess of Dorset, Thomas Goodrich, Lord Wentworth, Sir Anthony Wingfield, Sir William Herbert, Nicholas Wotton, Edward Montague, Sir John Baker, Judge Hales, John Gosnold, John Oliver and Griffith Leyson to examine his documents. They confirmed the sentence against him. 1563, p. 725; 1570, p. 1519; 1576, pp. 1287-88; 1583, p. 1330.

Sir James Hales and Doctor Briggs were sent as visitors to the Isle of Wight in the Winchester diocese. 1563, pp. 840-41.

After Stephen Gardiner's sequestration, Thomas Cranmer, Nicholas Ridley, Thomas Goodrich, Henry Holbeach, Sir William Petre, Sir James Hales, Griffith Leyson, John Oliver and John Gosnold were commissioned to examine him. 1563, p. 776; 1570, p. 1535; 1576, p. 1309; 1583, p. 1358.

of Kincavel nr Linlithgow [ODNB sub Patrick]; elder brother of Patrick

Persuaded by brother, but escaped martyrdom; declared heretic, goods confiscated

James Hamilton, Katherine Hamilton, David Straiton, a woman of Leith, and Norman Gourlay were summoned to appear in the abbey church of Holyrood House, Edinburgh, by James Hay, commissioner to the archbishop of St Andrews, in the presence of King James V, who was dressed entirely in red. 1570, p. 1117; 1576, p. 955; 1583, p. 982.

James Hamilton was accused of holding the same opinions as his brother Patrick. King James advised James Hamilton not to appear, since he could not help him if he did. Hamilton fled, was convicted of heresy and had his goods confiscated. 1570, p. 1117; 1576, p. 956; 1583, p. 982.

(c. 1495 - 1540) [ODNB]

Administrator and architect; illegitimate son of Lord James Hamilton, 1st earl of Arran; executed

Sir James Hamilton sat on the assize that condemned Sir John Borthwick for heresy. 1563, p. 575; 1583, p. 1259.

Sir John Audley cut down boughs to stoke the fire under Peke at his burning in Ipswich in 1515. 1570, p. 1292; 1576, p. 1106; 1583, p. 1132.

Sheriff of London (1548 - 49) [PRO List of Sheriffs]

The lord mayor, the sheriffs and the council of London agreed to support the opponents of Edward Seymour and published a proclamation against him. 1570, pp. 1546-47; 1576, p. 1318; 1583, p. 1368.

(c. 1489 - 1558) [ODNB; Bindoff]

Judge, administrator; MP London 1529, 1536; MP Guildford, 1542; MP Lancaster 1545; MP Huntingdonshire 1547; MP Bramber 1553; MP Kent 1554

Attorney-general (1536 - 40); chancellor of the exchequer (1540 - 58); speaker of the House (1545, 1547)

Sir John Baker was one of the subscribers to the Bishops' Book. 1570, p. 1212; 1576, p. 1037; 1583, p. 1064.

Baker was one of those appointed commissioner for Calais in 1540. 1563, p. 664; 1570, p. 1404; 1576, p. 1197; 1583, p. 1226.

After the execution of Adam Damplip in Calais, John Butler and Daniel the curate were taken to England and imprisoned in the Marshalsea. They stayed there nine months and were accused of having retained Damplip by Sir John Gage, Sir John Baker and Sir Thomas Arundel. [NB: Sir John Gage is named as Sir George Gage in the 1576 and 1583 editions.] 1570, p. 1407; 1576, p. 1200; 1583, p. 1229.

Before Henry VIII gave his oration to parliament in 1545, the speaker of the House of Commons, Sir John Baker, gave an eloquent oration to the king. 1570, p. 1412; 1576, p. 1203; 1583, p. 1233.

Richard Rich and Sir John Baker went to Anne Askew in the Tower and tried to get her to incriminate others. 1563, p. 676; 1570, p. 1418; 1576, p. 1209; 1583, p. 1238.

Sir John Baker was one of the signatories to the proclamation against Edward Seymour calling for his removal. 1570, p. 1547; 1576, p. 1318; 1583, p. 1368.

After Edmund Bonner was sentenced to prison and deprived of his bishopric, the king appointed Lord Rich, Henry marquess of Dorset, Thomas Goodrich, Lord Wentworth, Sir Anthony Wingfield, Sir William Herbert, Nicholas Wotton, Edward Montague, Sir John Baker, Judge Hales, John Gosnold, John Oliver and Griffith Leyson to examine his documents. They confirmed the sentence against him. 1563, p. 725; 1570, p. 1519; 1576, pp. 1287-88; 1583, p. 1330.

Sir John Baker was a deponent in the case of Stephen Gardiner. 1563, p. 826.

(1490? - 1558)

Chancellor of the Exchequer, privy councillor, undersheriff and sheriff of the court of London. MP for Bedford and the City of London. [DNB; Bindoff)]

Sir John Baker believed Bland to be Scottish, but Bland told him he was English, from Sedbar and brought up by Dr Lupton, the provost of Eton.1563, p. 1223, 1570, p. 1847, 1576, p. 1581, 1583, p. 1668.

Sir John Baker and Bland held a conversation over Bland's beliefs 1563, pp. 1223-24, 1570, pp. 1847-48, 1576, p. 1581, 1583, pp. 1668-69.

Bland was taken before Sir John Baker, Master Petit, Master Webbe, and two others whose identity was unknown to Bland. 1563, p. 1223, 1570, p. 1847, 1576, p. 1581, 1583, p. 1668.

Complaints about Richard Turner's sermons were made to Sir John Baker, Sir Christopher Hales, Sir Thomas Moyles. 1570, p. 2043, 1576, p. 1762, 1583, p. 1869.

John Tailor and Thomas Henden complained to the justices about Edmund Allin and he was brought before Sir John Baker. 1570, p. 2165, 1576, p. 1870, 1583, p. 1979.

John Baker allowed Allin and his wife to spend a night together, during which they decided not to go to chapel and to die together. 1570, p. 2197, 1576, p. 1896.

Sir John Baker committed Allin and his wife to ward but for some reason they were later released. 1570, p. 2165, 1576, p. 1870, 1583, p. 1979.

John Tailor sent the Allins before Sir John Baker for a second time. 1570, p. 2165, 1576, p. 1870, 1583, p. 1979.

The Allins were sent to Maidstone prison by Sir John Baker. 1570, p. 2165, 1576, p. 1870, 1583, p. 1979.

Sir John Baker sent John Dove, Thomas Best, Thomas Linley, Percival Barber, John Tailor and Thomas Henden to the Allins' home to make an inventory of their goods. 1570, p. 2165, 1576, p. 1870, 1583, p. 1979.

Talk took place between Sir John Baker, Collins (his chaplain) and Edmund Allin. 1570, pp. 2165-66, 1576, pp. 1870-71, 1583, pp. 1979-80.

Sir John Baker called Mrs Allin a whore for persuading her husband not to go to chapel. 1570, p. 2197, 1576, p. 1896.

Thomas Brice was in the house of John Seal, in Horting, when the bailiff and others, at the commandment of Sir John Baker, were sent to search for him. They knew his stature and the colour of his garments yet somehow did not recognise him and so he escaped. 1570, p. 2287, 1576, p. 1974 [incorrectly numbered as 1938], 1583, p. 2081.

Robert Farrer talked with Laurence Sheriff in the Rose tavern and suggested to Sheriff that Elizabeth had been involved in Wyatt's rebellion. Sheriff complained to Bonner about Farrer before Mordaunt, Sir John Baker, Darbyshire, Story, Harpsfield, and others. 1570, p. 2296, 1576, p. 1988, 1583, p. 1980.

Sir John Barkerly met with Sir Henry Knyvet and Stephen Gardiner at a council at Ratisbone. 1583, p. 1786.

He was told of Knyvet's meeting with Ludovico by Knyvet. 1583, pp. 1786-87.

(d. 1569) [ODNB; Fines]

Scottish soldier and religious activist; educated at St Andrews; owned banned books; escaped to England; his portrait was burnt in St Andrews

John Borthwick was accused of heresy in 1540, but he had already escaped out of Scotland. He was condemned in his absence. His goods were confiscated, and his picture processed through the city and burnt. 1563, pp. 574-86; 1570, p. 1442; 1576, pp. 1229-30; 1583, pp. 1259-66.

(1518 - 1575)

Secretary of State to Mary; uncle to Bishop Gilbert Bourne of Bath and Wells, [DNB, sub Bourne, Gilbert; Bindoff].

Sir John Bourne led a debate, or rather dinner conversation, with John Feckenham, against Nicholas Ridley while the latter was imprisoned in the Tower (1563, pp. 928-31; 1570, pp. 1589-91; 1576, p 1356-58; and 1583, p. 1426-28).

He was one of the commissioners who interrogated Rowland Taylor on 22 January 1555 (1563, pp. 1071-73; 1570, pp. 1696-97; 1576, p. 1450; 1583, pp. 1521-22).

He was one of the examiners of John Rogers on 28 January 1555 (1563, pp. 1026-28; 1570, pp. 1659-60; 1576, pp. 1416-17; 1583, pp. 1486-87).

He was one of the commissioners who interrogated Robert Ferrar on 4 February 1555 (1563, p. 1732; 1570, pp. 1722-23; 1576, p. 1471; 1583, pp. 1553-54).

He was ordered by the privy council to examine Sir Thomas Benger, Cary, John Dee and John Field on 5 and 7 May 1555 (1583, p. 1581).

Bradford was brought to speak to Bonner by the under-marshal of the King's Bench. Talk took place between the lord chancellor, Bonner and John Bradford on 22 January 1555, during which the bishop of Durham, Sir Richard Southwell, Sir Robert Rochester, and Secretary Bourne questioned Bradford's eucharistic doctrine. 1563, pp. 1185-88, 1570, pp. 1782-84, 1576, pp. 1522-23, 1583, pp. 1605-06.

Secretary Bourne declared that Bradford had caused much trouble with letters, as had been reported to him by the earl of Derby. 1563, p. 1186, 1570, p. 1783, 1576, p. 1523, 1583, p. 1606.

Bourne asked Bradford if the letters were seditious, but Bradford claimed they were not. 1563, p. 1187, 1570, p. 1783, 1576, p. 1523, 1583, p. 1606.

Sir John Bourne is described by Foxe as the chief stirrer in such cases as that of Bartlett Green's. 1563, p. 1460, 1570, p. 2023, 1576, p. 1744, 1583, p. 1851.

A letter to Bonner by the privy council regarding Green's treason was written on 11 November 1555, but not delivered until 17 November. It was signed Winchester, Penbroke, Thomas Ely, William Haward, John Bourne, Thomas Wharton. 1563, p. 1460, 1570, p. 2023, 1576, p. , 1583, pp. 1851-52.

Lord Williams, Lord Chandos, Sir Thomas Bridges and Sir John Browne arrived in Oxford, prior to Cranmer's martyrdom. 1563, p. 1498, 1570, p. 2063, 1576, p. 1780, 1583, p. 1885.

Sir John Bourne was one of the recipients of the proclamation from Philip and Mary authorising the persecution of protestants. 1563, p. 1561, 1570, p. 2155, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1974[incorrectly numbered 1970].

On 15 December 1557 a letter was sent by the archbishop of York, the earl of Shrewsbury, Edward Hastings, Anthony Montague, John Bourne and Henry Jernegam (members of the privy council) to Bishop Bonner along with the examinations of John Rough. They sent Rough to Newgate. 1563, p. 1646, 1570, p. 2226, 1576, pp. 1921-22., 1583, p. 2028 [incorrectly numbered as 2034].

His judges were Portman and Marven who, when they witnessed John Davis's sorry state when he was held before them, agreed with John Bourne that the boy had suffered enough. 1570, p. 2277, 1583, p. 2073.

Bourne and his wife took Davis home and anointed his wounds but put him away when they realised he would not submit to their doctrine. They were afraid he might have an effect on their son Anthony. 1570, p. 2277, 1583, p. 2073.

Parish priest of Mendlesham in Suffolk.

When Sir John Tyrrel persecuted certain parishioners of the town and forced them to flee Mendlesham, he was assisted in this persecution by Sir John Brodish, the parish priest. 1563, p. 1522, 1570, p. 2093, 1576, p. 1806, 1583, p. 1912.

1st Baron Chandos (1490? - 1556)

Lieutenant of the Tower (1553 - 1554) [DNB]

Brydges asked Lady Jane Grey to write some verses in a book when he attended her on the scaffold. Rerum, p. 238. [This story was never reprinted by Foxe in any edition of the A & M, although there is some evidence that it is accurate - see J. G. Nichols, (ed.), The Chronicle of Queen Jane and of two years of Queen Mary (London, 1850) Camden Society, original series 48, pp. 57-58.]

Lady Jane Grey handed him her book at her execution (1563, p. 919; 1570, p. 1584; 1576, p 1352; 1583, p. 1422). In this passage Brydges is referred to as 'Bruges' in each edition.

At the Star Chamber trial of one Cut, who was tried for saying that at his execution Sir Thomas Wyatt had, at his execution, cleared Elizabeth and Edward Courtenay of complicity in his rebellion, Brydges swore that Wyatt had begged Courtenay to confess his guilt when they met - with Brydges present - on the day of Wyatt's execution (1570, p. 1588; 1576, p 1355; 1583, p. 1425).

Sir John Brydges was one of the examiners of John Rogers on 22 January 1555. 1563, pp. 1023-26; 1570, pp. 1657-59; 1576, pp. 1414-15; 1583, pp. 1484-86.

He was one of the commissioners charged with carrying out John Hooper's execution. 1563, pp. 1058 and 1060; 1570, pp. 1681 and 1682; 1576, pp. 1435 and 1436; 1583, pp. 1508 and 1509.

Brydges ordered that Hooper be executed quickly and also ordered his son Edmund to see that Hooperwas only allowed to say a prayer at the stake. 1563, p. 1061; 1570, p. 1683; 1576, p. 1436; 1583, p. 1510.

Philpot's sixth examination was before the Lord Chamberlain to Queen Mary, Viscount Hereford, Lord Rich, Lord St John, Lord Windsor, Lord Shandoys, Sir John Bridges, Chadsey and Bonner. 1563, pp. 1405-12, 1570, pp. 1972-78, 1576, pp. 1698-1702, 1583, pp. 1805-10.

Lord Williams, Lord Chandos, Sir Thomas Bridges and Sir John Browne arrived in Oxford, prior to Cranmer's martyrdom. 1563, p. 1498, 1570, p. 2063, 1576, p. 1780, 1583, p. 1885.

Sir John is probably the 'Bridges' whose cattle John Maundrel tended during Mary's reign. 1570, p. 2073, 1576, p. 1788, 1583, p. 1894.

Chandos interrogated a young boy who was believed to be carrying messages between Elizabeth and Edward Courtenay during their imprisonment in the Tower. He ordered the boy not to see Elizabeth. 1563, p. 1713.

William Hastlen was charged with heresy by Sir John Brydges and sent to Sir Leonard Beckwith to be examined. 1583, p. 2137.

Hastlen was sent to Sir John Brydges' house to write answers to the articles against him and then sent to the Marshalsea, under the watch of Master Waghan, the jailor. 1583, p. 2137.

[At times Foxe refers to him variously as 'Lord Shandois', 'Chandos' or 'Shandoys']

(d. 1537) [Sara Warneke, Review, Sixteenth Century Journal, vol. 29, no. 1 (Spring, 1998) pp. 262-63]

Rebel in the Pilgrimage of Grace

Sir John Bulmer, his wife and other rebels were executed in 1537. 1570, p. 1239; 1576, p. 1061; 1583, p. 1087.

(1487/88 - 1567)

MP (1529), Sheriff of Notts and Derbys (1523 - 1524, 1527 - 1528, 1542 - 1543, 1551 - 1552) [Bindoff, Commons].

Byron interrogated George Marsh at Lathom House. 1570, p. 1733; 1576, p. 1479; 1583, p. 1562.

[NB: Byron left a markedly catholic will. He was described by Archbishop Thomas Young in 1564 as 'no favourer of religion' (Bindoff, Commons)].

[Also referred to as 'John Beram']

(d. 1562) [ODNB]

Administrator and ambassador; illegitimate son of Colin Campbell, 1st earl of Argyle

Sir John Campbell sat on the assize that judged heretics in Perth. 1570, p. 1443; 1576, p. 1230; 1583, p. 1267.

He sat on the assize that deprived and exiled John Kerr. 1570, p. 1448; 1576, p. 1235; 1583, p. 1272.

Campbell sat on the assize that tried and condemned Adam Wallace. He took custody of Wallace and turned him over to the provost of Edinburgh. 1570, pp. 1448-50; 1576, pp. 1235-36; 1583, pp. 1272-73.

(1514 - 1557)

Tutor to Edward VI, privy councillor under Edward VI. [DNB]

Sir John Cheke was a signatory to a letter from the privy council to Princess Mary, dated 9 July 1553, declaring that she was illegitimate and that Jane Grey was Edward VI's true heir (1570, p. 1567; 1576, p. 1337; 1583, pp. 1406-7).

Cheke was placed in the Tower on 28 July 1553 (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1394; 1583, p. 1465).

Actions were taken by Stephen Gardiner against Cheke. 1563, p. 1382, 1570, p. 1951, 1576, p. 1679, 1583, p. 1785.

When Cheke was in Germany he was greatly esteemed by the Germans. 1570, p. 2141, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1955.

He travelled with Sir Peter Carew from High Germany to Brussels, having checked his route by the stars. 1570, p. 2141, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1955.

He was famous for his knowledge of astronomy. 1570, p. 2141, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1955.

Cheke had safe passage from King Philip, with Lord Paget and Sir John Mas securing their safety. 1570, p. 2141, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1955.

He arrived in Brussels to see the queen's ambassadors. 1570, p. 2141, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1955.

Having seen Paget safely off to England, Carew and Cheke were taken en route between Brussels and Antwerp. 1570, p. 2141, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1955.

Cheke was shipped to the Tower of London in dreadful conditions. 1570, p. 2141, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1955.

Feckenham spoke up in defence of Cheke. 1570, p. 2141, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1955.

Cheke recanted but was so remorseful that he became sick and died. 1570, p. 2141, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1955.

Nicholas Carre wrote a letter to John Cheke about Martin Bucer which was then passed on to Peter Martyr. 1563, p. 1538, 1570, p. 2143, 1576, p. 1863, 1583, p. 1957.

[Also referred to as 'Sir John Cheeke']

(1514 - 1557) [ODNB; Bindoff]

BA Cambridge 1530; MA 1533; 1st regius professor of Greek (1540 - 51)

Humanist, royal tutor, administrator

Edward VI agreed with Sir John Cheke that clemency should be shown towards heretics. 1563, p. 884; 1570, p. 1484; 1576, p. 1258; 1583, p. 1295.

Nicholas Ridley, Thomas Goodrich, Sir John Cheke, William May and Thomas Wendy, king's visitors, attended the disputation at Cambridge in 1549. 1570, p. 1555; 1576, p. 1326; 1583, p. 1376.

A king's commission examined Edmund Bonner in 1549. Finding Bonner's answers to the articles put to him to be unsatisfactory, the commissioners received witnesses against him: John Cheke, Henry Markham, John Joseph, John Douglas and Richard Chambers.. 1563, p. 707; 1570, p. 1510; 1576, p. 1280; 1583, p. 1320.

Cheke was a deponent in the case of Stephen Gardiner. 1563, pp. 807-8

John Cheke was a witness in 1551 to the sentence against Stephen Gardiner and his appellation. 1563, p. 867.

After John Redman's death, John Young sent a testimonial letter to John Cheke, praising Redman and his thoughts on religion. 1563, pp. 870-74; 1570, pp. 1539-41; 1576, pp. 1312-14; 1583, pp. 1362-64.

(1479 - 1556)

Statesman and military commander. MP Sussex (1529, 1539). Lord Chamberlain (1553 - 1556); privy councillor (DNB; Bindoff)

John Gage was one of the privy councillors who signed a letter to Bishop Bonner, dated 28 April 1555, ordering the bishop to proceed posthumously against John Tooley in ecclesiastical court. 1563, p. 1142; 1570, p. 1757; 1576, p. 1500; 1583, p. 1584.

Sir John Gage was an attendant to Elizabeth when she was brought to London under suspicion of involvement in Wyatt's rebellion. 1563, p. 1712, 1570, p. 2289, 1576, p. 1982, 1583, p. 2091.

He was appointed to go with Elizabeth after her release. 1563, p. 1712, 1570, p. 2289, 1576, p. 1982, 1583, p. 2091.

[Married the daughter of Sir Richard Guildford of Cranbrook. Father of James and Edward Gage.]

(1479 - 1556)

Statesman and military commander. MP Sussex (1529, 1539). Lord Chamberlain (1553 - 1556); privy councillor (DNB; Bindoff)

John Gage was one of the privy councillors who signed a letter to Bishop Bonner, dated 28 April 1555, ordering the bishop to proceed posthumously against John Tooley in ecclesiastical court. 1563, p. 1142; 1570, p. 1757; 1576, p. 1500; 1583, p. 1584.

Sir John Gage was an attendant to Elizabeth when she was brought to London under suspicion of involvement in Wyatt's rebellion. 1563, p. 1712, 1570, p. 2289, 1576, p. 1982, 1583, p. 2091.

He was appointed to go with Elizabeth after her release. 1563, p. 1712, 1570, p. 2289, 1576, p. 1982, 1583, p. 2091.

[Married the daughter of Sir Richard Guildford of Cranbrook. Father of James and Edward Gage.]

(1479 - 1556) [ODNB; Bindoff]

Military administrator, courtier; constable of the Tower (1540 - 56); lord chamberlain (1533 - 56); JP Sussex (1514 - 56); JP Surrey (1528 - 56); comptroller of Calais (1524 - 26); MP Sussex (1529, 1539, 1542, 1545)

John Gage was one of those appointed commissioner for Calais in 1540. 1563, p. 664; 1570, p. 1404; 1576, p. 1197; 1583, p. 1226.

Gage beat the shackled Calais prisoners as they boarded the ship for England. 1563, p. 666; 1570, p. 1405; 1576, p. 1198; 1583, p. 1227.

After the execution of Adam Damplip in Calais, John Butler and Daniel the curate were taken to England and imprisoned in the Marshalsea. They stayed there nine months and were accused of having retained Damplip by Sir John Gage, Sir John Baker and Sir Thomas Arundel. [NB: Sir John Gage is named as Sir George Gage in the 1576 and 1583 editions.] 1570, p. 1407; 1576, p. 1200; 1583, p. 1229.

Sir John Gage was one of the signatories to the proclamation against Edward Seymour calling for his removal. 1570, p. 1547; 1576, p. 1318; 1583, p. 1368.

He was one of the signatories to the letter to the lord mayor and common council of London from the lords opposing Edward Seymour. 1570, p. 1547; 1576, p. 1319; 1583, p. 1369.

(1504? - 1553) (DNB)

Sheriff of Essex; Captain of the Guard

He is described as Northumberland?s right-hand man (Bindoff, Commons).

Sir John Gates was a signatory of a letter from the privy council to Princess Mary , dated 9 July 1553, stating that she was illegitimate and that Jane Grey was Edward VI's true heir (1570, p. 1568; 1576, p. 1337; 1583, pp. 1406-07).

John Gates was imprisoned in the Tower with Northumberland, 25 July 1553 (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1395; 1583, p. 1465).

He heard mass in the Tower 21 August 1553, and was beheaded 22 August 1553 (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1395; 1583, p. 1465).

(ante 1505 - 1556) [ODNB; Bindoff]

Lawyer of London and Norwich; protonothary in chancery (1537 - death); constable of Norwich castle, keeper of Norwich jail 1539; JP Norfolk (1547 - death); receiver of petitions for the Lords (1547 - 55); visitor of Ely, London, Norwich, Westminster 1547; comptroller of the Tower mint (1548 - 1552)

Sir John Godsalve was a member of the king's commission that attempted to administer an oath to Bishop Bonner and the clergy of St Paul's and who gave Bonner a list of injunctions. 1563, p. 689; 1570, p. 1501; 1576, pp. 1272-73; 1583, p. 1309.

In a letter relating Edmund Bonner's recantation of his protestation, the king required the presence of Sir John Godsalve in his offices of protonothary and keeper of the signet. 1570, p. 1502; 1576, p. 1273; 1583, p. 1310.

(before 1490 - 1545) [ODNB]

b. Willington, Bedfordshire; administrator; sheriff of Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire (1541 - 42)

Robert Barnes was taken to the Tower in 1540 by Sir John Gostwick. 1563, p. 603; 1570, p. 1366; 1576, p. 1165; 1583, p. 1194.

(1493? - 1545) [Bindoff, Commons]

Sir John Gostwicke accused Cranmer of heresy before parliament, citing his sermons at Sandwich and his lectures at Canterbury as evidence. 1570, p. 2041, 1576, p. 1760, 1583, p. 1867.

(d. 1556)

Lord mayor of London. (DNB)

Sir John Gresham was accused of having received large sums of money under dubious circumstances. 1563, p. 1255, 1570, p. 1872, 1576, p. 1603, 1583, p. 1692.

Gresham denied the story about the gentleman of Norfolk and the money given to him. 1563, p. 1258, 1570, p. 1874, 1576, 1604, 1583, p. 1694.

A declaration was made at Paul's Cross by William Chedsey at Bonner's commandment. [He addressed the lord mayor, who may have been Gresham.] 1563, p. 1217.

In a letter to Cardinal Pole, Bonner said that he had spoken with Gresham about the fact that the transferral of 22 prisoners to him from John Kingston was causing unrest in the city. 1563, p. 1564, 1570, p. 2156, 1576, p. 1864, 1583, p. 1975 [incorrectly numbered 1971]

(c. 1495 - 1556) [ODNB sub Richard Gresham]

Merchant adventurer with brothers William and Richard

John Gresham was named in a commission from Henry VIII to Edmund Bonner as one who was required to execute the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1375; 1576, p. 1173; 1583, p. 1202.

JP in Kent (1555) [SP11/5, no. 6]

John Archer was imprisoned by Sir John Gilford. 1563, p. 1547, 1570, p. 2140, 1576, p. 1861, 1583, p. 1954.

(1508 - 1565)

Bailiff of Winchelsea and farmer of Higham, Sussex (1534 - 1565). JP Kent (1537 - 1538), sheriff (1552 - 1553). Chamberlain, household of Anne of Cleves (1546). (DNB and Bindoff)

Edward Benden talked with others of the parish of Staplehurst and then had his wife sent to Sir John Guildford, who sent her to back to prison. 1570, p. 2167, 1576, p. 1872, 1583, p. 1980.

Sir John Guilford tried to force Mrs Roberts to go to church. 1576, p. 1965, 1583, p. 2073.

Guildford sent his wife to persuade her to go to church. He later sent his servants and officers to hound her. 1576, p. 1965, 1583, p. 2073.

Mrs Roberts fell ill after the hounding of Guildford and his assistants. 1576, p. 1965, 1583, p. 2073.

(1516? - 1578)

Gentleman [DNB sub Bradford]

Sir John Harrington was master to John Bradford prior to Bradford's attendance at the University of Cambridge. 1563, p. 1172.

Under the reigns of Henry VIII and Edward VI he was treasurer of the king's camps and buildings at diverse times at Boulougne. 1563, p. 1172.

Chamberlain told Gardiner that Bradford had served Sir John Harrington, to which Gardiner answered that Bradford deceived Harrington out of £7, and claimed that this was why Bradford left his service. Bradford said this was slanderous. 1563, p. 1197, 1570, p. 1788, 1576, p. 1527, 1583, p. 1610.

(1517 - 1557)

Privy Councillor (1553 ? 1557) (Bindoff, Commons)

Sir John Huddleston was one of the signatories to a letter, dated 27 November 1554, sent from the privy council to Bishop Bonner, informing him that Queen Mary was pregnant and ordering Bonner to have prayers and Te Deums said throughout the diocese (1563, pp. 1014-15; 1570, p. 1647; 1576, p. 1405; 1583, pp. 1475-76).

Foxe calls him 'John Huddilstone'.

(d. 1598)

Of Belton, Suffolk. Suffolk JP. [See Diarmaid MacCulloch, Suffolk and the Tudors: Politics and Religion in an English County 1500-1600, pp. 195, 197, 206 n. 212-14, 252-3, 260.]

Robert Blomefield, the constable of the town and bailiff to Sir John Jerningham, met with Edward Golding the under-sheriff to discuss Brown's sermon. 1563, p. 1676, 1570, p. 2268, 1576, p. 1958, 1583, p. 2065.

[Uncle to John Jerningham of Somerleyton (d. 1587). From a different cadet branch of the Jerningham family to Henry Jerningham. See Diarmaid MacCulloch, Suffolk and the Tudors: Politics and Religion in an English County 1500-1600, pp. 96, 252.]

(ante 1486 - 1559) [ODNB; Bindoff]

Soldier, MP Nottinghamshire (1529, 1547, 1558, 1559); MP Nottingham (1539, 1542, 1545); sheriff of Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire (1518-19, 1526-27, 1534-35, 1538-39, 1545-46); sheriff of Lincolnshire (1532-33); JP Nottinghamshire 1521-59

Lieutenant of the Tower (1549 - 51)

While imprisoned in the Tower, Stephen Gardiner asked the lieutenant and marshal of the Tower to make suit to the king's council for an audience. 1563, p. 764; 1570, p. 1532; 1576, p. 1306; 1583, p. 1356.

Markham was a deponent in the case of Gardiner. 1563, pp. 797, 830.

(1503 - 1560)

Ambassador; Dean of Winchester (1549 - 1553); Clerk of the Privy Council

Sir John Mason was appointed, together with Nicholas Wotton, to adjudicate the charges made against Robert Ferrar by Hugh Rawlins and Thomas Lee (1563, p. 1088; 1583, p. 1546).

He was one of the signatories to a letter from the Privy Council to Mary, dated 9 July 1553, telling Mary that she was illegitimate and that Jane Grey was the heir to the throne (1570, p. 1568; 1576, p. 1337; 1583, pp. 1406-7).

(c. 1503 - 1566) [ODNB; Bindoff]

Diplomat; BA Oxford 1521; MA 1525; studied at Paris

Chaplain to John Stokesley, bishop of London 1536; secretary to Thomas Wyatt, English ambassador to the emperor 1537; in Tower together with Wyatt 1541

Clerk of the privy council (1545 - life); dean of Winchester 1549; MP Reading, MP Hants; English ambassador to the emperor 1553

Thomas Cranmer, at the third examination of Edmund Bonner in 1549, asked Sir John Mason to read the denunciation of Bonner publicly. 1563, p. 707; 1570, p. 1509; 1576, p. 1279; 1583, p. 1318.

Edmund Bonner appeared before the king's commissioners for the fourth time on 18 September, at which session new articles were drawn up and new witnesses received: Sir John Mason, Sir Thomas Chaloner, William Cecil, Armagil Wade and William Hunnings. 1563, pp. 704-710; 1570, pp. 1508-12; 1576, pp. 1279-81; 1583, pp. 1317-22.

(1508 - 1571)

MP and Privy Councillor (1553 - 1556); heresy commissioner in London diocese in 1557 [Bindoff,Commons; DNB sub John, Lord Morduant (his father)] Justice of the Peace for Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire. [SP11/5, no. 6]

Morduant warned Laurence Saunders not to preach in London. When Saunders defied the warning, Sir John informed Bishop Bonner. Sir John was present when Bonner examined Saunders and then conveyed Saunders to Gardiner. 1563, pp. 1038-39; 1570, pp. 1665-66; 1576, pp. 1420-21; 1583, pp. 1494-95.

Morduant came and sat down to hear Robert Smith's examination and took part. 1563, p. 1256, 1570, p. 1872, 1576, p. 1603, 1583, p. 1693.

Sir John Mordant wrote a letter to Bonner with Edward Tyrrel about women prisoners in the county of Essex. 1563, p. 1518, 1570, p. 2091, 1576, p. 1804, 1583, p. 1910.

Margaret Ellis was delivered up for examination by Sir John Mordant and Edmund Tyrrell, by means of a letter written to Bonner. 1563, p. 1518, 1570, p. 2091, 1576, p. 1804, 1583, p. 1910.

Joan Potter was delivered to Bonner by Mordant and Tyrrel for examination. She was named in a letter by the two justices written to Bonner. 1563, p. 1518, 1570, p. 2091, 1576, p. 1804, 1583, p. 1910.

Elizabeth Thackvel was delivered up for examination by Sir John Mordant and Edmund Tyrrell, by means of letter written to Bonner. 1570, p. 2091, 1576, p. 1804, 1583, p. 1910.

James Harris was delivered by Mordant and Tyrrel to Bonner for examination, as evidenced by a letter to Bonner written by the two justices. 1563, p. 1518, 1570, p. 2091, 1576, p. 1804, 1583, p. 1910.

Joan Horns was delivered up for examination by Sir John Mordant and Edmund Tyrrell. 1563, p. 1539, 1570, p. 2090, 1576, p. 1803, 1583, p. 1910.

Katherine Hut was delivered up for examination by Sir John Mordant and Edmund Tyrrell, through a letter written to Bonner. 1563, p. 1519, 1570, p. 2091, 1576, p. 1804, 1583, p. 1910.

[Foxe refers to him as 'Sir John Mordant'.]

(1497 - 1561) [Bindoff, Commons]

Sir John Norton wept at the death of Joan Catmer, Joan Sole, Anne Albright and John Lomas. 1570, p. 2031, 1576, p. 1752, 1583, p. 1859.

Part of the council under Sir John Russell to deal with the west country rebels; probably brother of Sir Hugh

John Paulet was appointed to assist Sir John Russell in the west at the time of the Western Rising. 1570, p. 1499; 1576, p. 1271; 1583, p. 1307.

(d. 1557) (DNB)

Speaker in the House of Commons (1553–55)

5 October 1553, chosen speaker of the House of Commons (1570, p. 1636; 1576, p. 1396; 1583, p. 1466).

(1514? - 1557)

JP Derby (1555) [SP11/5, no. 6; Bindoff Commons (Bindoff gives him no title)]

Sir John Port persecuted Joan Waste of Derby. 1570, p. 2137, 1576, p. 1858, 1583, p. 1951.

(by 1503 - 1558)

MP, JP and sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk (1554 - 1555) [Bindoff, Commons]

Sir John Shelton escorted Rowland Taylor from Chelmsford to Hadleigh, where he was executed. He rebuked a poor man of Hadleigh who called upon God to bless Taylor. 1563, pp. 1077-78; 1570, pp. 1701-2; 1576, pp. 1452-53; 1583, pp. 1525-26.

Shelton denied Rowland Taylor permission to speak to the crowd at his execution. 1563, p. 1079; 1570, p. 1702; 1576, p. 1453; 1583, p. 1526.

He supervised Rowland Taylor's execution. As Taylor was about to be executed, he recited Psalm 51 in English. Shelton struck him on the mouth and ordered him to say it in Latin. 1570, p. 1703; 1576, p. 1454; 1583, p. 1527.

(by 1518 - 1575).

Of Wetherden, Suffolk. MP for Ipswich (1553, 1555), Bodmin (1554), Preston (1554), Chippenham (1558). JP for Suffolk (1554 - 1556). Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk (1555 - 1556). (Bindoff)

High sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk.

After Thomas Spicer was condemned by Dunning he was handed over to Sir John Silliard. 1563, p. 1521, 1570, p. 2093, 1576, p. 1793, 1583, p. 1912.

Silliard spoke to Thomas Spicer, John Denny and Edmund Poole when they were at the stake. 1563, p. 1521, 1570, p. 2093, 1576, p. 1793, 1583, p. 1912.

Thomas Lovel, chief constable of 'Hoxne Hundred', and John Jacob and William Stannard, under-constables of the town of Laxfield, Suffolk, with Wolfren Dowsing and Nicholas Stannard, both catholics, were commanded to appear before Thurston, John Tyrrel, Master Kene, and John Sylliard (high sheriff) in September 1557. 1570, p. 2217, 1576, p. 1913, 1583, p. 2021.

Sir John Silliard, the sheriff, had Elizabeth Lawson removed to his house and held in irons. As she would still not repent, he returned her to jail. 1563, p. 1677, 1570, p. 2274, 1576, p. 1963, 1583, p. 2070.

Of Gipping Hall, Suffolk. JP in Suffolk (1555) [SP11/5, no. 6; Calendar of the Patent Rolls, Philip and Mary, 3, 257.]

Thomas Spicer refused to follow Sir John Tyrrel's commandment to go to church. 1563, p. 1521, 1570, p. 2092, 1576, p. 1793, 1583, p. 1912.

The following were persecuted by John Tyrrel and forced to flee Winston: Mrs. Alice Thwaites and two of her servants; Humphrey Smith and his wife; William Catchpool and his wife; Rought and his wife; Nicholas Birlingham and his wife. 1563, p. 1522, 1570, p. 2093, 1576, p. 1806, 1583, p. 1912.

The following were persecuted by Tyrrel and forced to flee Mendlesham: Simon Harlstone and Katherine, his wife; Thomas Dobson and his wife; Thomas Hubbard and his wife; John Doncon, and his wife and maid; William Doncon; Thomas Woodward the elder; Konnold's wife; a poor widow; Mother Semon's maid; William Whyting. He was assisted in this persecution by Sir John Brodish, the parish priest. 1563, p. 1522, 1570, p. 2093, 1576, p. 1806, 1583, p. 1912.

Tyrrel commanded George Revet and Thomas Mouse to apprehend Adam Foster. He also commanded Robert Kereth to apprehend Robert Lawson. 1563, p. 1529, 1570, p. 2099, 1576, p. 1811, 1583, p. 1918.

Thomas Lovel, chief constable of 'Hoxne Hundred', and John Jacob and William Stannard, under-constables of the town of Laxfield, Suffolk, with Wolfren Dowsing and Nicholas Stannard, both catholics, were commanded to appear before Thurston, John Tyrrel, Master Kene, and John Sylliard (high sheriff) in September 1557. 1570, p. 2217, 1576, p. 1913, 1583, p. 2021.

William Seaman was originally searched for by Sir John Tyrrel, who later set Robert Baulding and James Clarke to look for him. 1563, p. 1655, 1570, p. 2232, 1576, p. 1927, 1583, p. 2035.

After being questioned by Sir John Tyrrel, William Seaman was sent before Bishop Hopton who then condemned him. 1563, p. 1655, 1570, p. 2232, 1576, p. 1927, 1583, p. 2035.

Sir John Tyrrel and Symonds would not allow Mother Benet to be buried in the churchyard. 1570, p. 2234, 1576, p. 1929, 1583, p. 2036.

(fl. 1525 - 1557)

DCL (1534). Fellow of All Souls (1529). (Foster)

Sir John Vaughan was one of the recipients of the proclamation from Philip and Mary authorising the persecution of protestants. 1563, p. 1561, 1570, p. 2155, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1974[incorrectly numbered 1970].

Vaughn was a member of a commission set up by Philip and Mary to seek out heretics. 1563, pp. 1561 [recte 1573]-1563 [recte 1575].

(d. 1506) [ODNB]

of Yorkshire; judge

Sir Guy Fairfax and Sir John Vavasour heard a case at Warwick involving a deceased married deacon whose son claimed inheritance of the tenancy. They adjourned the session and passed the case to the Exchequer. 1570, p. 1344; 1576, p. 1147; 1583, p. 1176.

(before 1492 - 1551) [ODNB]

Soldier and diplomat; spent majority of career abroad; itinerant: Portugal, Morocco, Ireland; high marshal of Calais 1524; special ambassador to Hungary 1526; 1st English ambassador to Poland; special ambassador to France, resident ambassador (1532 - 37, 1540 - 41)

When a messenger arrived with letters from Thomas Cromwell for Edmund Bonner, Stephen Gardiner enquired of the messenger whether Sir Francis Bryan and Sir John Wallop were in the court when he left. 1570, p. 1241; 1576, p. 1062; 1583, p. 1089.

Although Edmund Bonner performed his ambassadorial duties well as far as Henry VIII was concerned, he displeased the king of France, who asked for him to be recalled. Henry recalled him and sent Sir John Wallop to replace him. 1570, p. 1245; 1576, p. 1066; 1583, p. 1093.

Sir John Wallop was one of the Calais councillors who persecuted the protestants there. All of those councillors eventually were imprisoned or died miserably. 1563, p. 668; 1570, p. 1406; 1576, p. 1199; 1583, p. 1228.

Knight of Gloucestershire; twice high sheriff [D. Daniell, William Tyndale; ODNB sub Tyndale]

Had been at court with young Henry VIII; Tyndale was schoolmaster to his children

Sir John Walsh and his wife commonly had senior clergy dining with them, who regularly conversed with their children's schoolmaster, William Tyndale. After Tyndale gave his master and mistress a copy of a book of Erasmus he had translated, they invited the clergy less frequently. 1563, p. 518; 1570, pp. 1224-25; 1576, p. 1048; 1583, p. 1075.

Sir John Ygone was sheriff [in the county of Salop] at the time of the death of Oliver Richardyne, during the latter years of Henry VIII's reign. 1570, p. 1892, 1576, p. 1620, 1583, p. 1714.

(d. 1569) [ODNB]

Administrator; sheriff of London and Middlesex (1549 - 50); undertreasurer of the Tower mint (1551 - 53); MP Boroughbridge 1559

Supporter of the earl of Warwick, who lodged at his house

In the dispute between the earl of Warwick and Edward Seymour, the supporters of Warwick met at, among other places, John York's house in London. 1570, p. 1545; 1576, p. 1317; 1583, p. 1367.

JP for the North Riding of Yorkshire. Member of the Council of the North (Cal. Pat.

William Hastlen was charged with heresy by Sir John Brydges and sent to Sir Leonard Beckwith to be examined. 1583, p. 2137.

Sir Leonard Musgrave solicited the king for the release of John Butler and stood surety for him, along with Butler's brother-in-law Banaster. 1570, p. 1407; 1576, p. 1200; 1583, p. 1229.

(1496/97 - 1566)

Lord Mayor of London; JP for Kent (1555) [DNB; Bindoff, Commons; PRO, SP11/5, no. 6]

Bowes told Sir Thomas White that he had heard a report circulating at Westminster that Sir Thomas Wyatt had, in an interview with Edward Courtenay, urged the earl to confess the truth of his involvement in his rebellion (1570, pp. 1587-88; 1576, p 1355; 1583, p. 1425).

The last examination of Philpot was on 16 December 1555 before Bonner and other bishops, including Bath, Worcester and Lichfield, into which entered William Garret, knight, the lord mayor and the sheriff (Thomas Leigh) of London and Sir Martin Bowes, knight. 1563, p. 1441, 1570, pp. 1997-98, 1576, p. 1719, 1583, p. 1827.

Lord Mayor of London (1545 - 46) [http://cityoflondon.gov.uk/Corporation/leisure_heritage/corp_history/lm_history_office.htm]

Sir Martin Bowes was present at Anne Askew's burning. He ordered the fire to be lit under her, Lasselles, Hemmysley and Adams. 1570, p. 1419; 1576, p. 1211; 1583, p. 1240.

(d.1545) [british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=45544]

London alderman; of St Mary le Bow, then Soper Lane

Sir Michael Dormer was named in a commission from Henry VIII to Edmund Bonner as one who was required to execute the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1375; 1576, p. 1173; 1583, p. 1202.

(ante 1508 - 1552) [ODNB; Bindoff]

Courtier; groom of the stool (1547 - 49); chief gentleman of the privy chamber by 1549; JP Nottinghamshire (1537 - 52); JP Yorkshire {West Riding)(1543 - 52); MP Nottinghamshire (1545, 1547); beheaded for treason

Sir Michael Stanhope, Sir Ralph Fane and Sir Miles Partridge were committed to prison with Edward Seymour at his second imprisonment in 1551. 1570, p. 1549; 1576, p. 1321; 1583, p. 1371.

Sir Ralph Fane and Sir Miles Partridge were hanged, and Sir Michael Stanhope and Sir Thomas Arundell beheaded, all at Tower Hill on 26 February 1552 for conspiring with the Duke of Somerset. 1570, p. 1552; 1576, p. 1323; 1583, p. 1373.

(d. 1552) [ODNB]

Courtier and soldier; chief master of the king's games, pastimes, and sports; hanged for felony

Sir Michael Stanhope, Sir Ralph Fane and Sir Miles Partridge were committed to prison with Edward Seymour at his second imprisonment in 1551. 1570, p. 1549; 1576, p. 1321; 1583, p. 1371.

Sir Ralph Fane and Sir Miles Partridge were hanged, and Sir Michael Stanhope and Sir Thomas Arundell beheaded, all at Tower Hill on 26 February 1552 for conspiring with the Duke of Somerset. 1570, p. 1552; 1576, p. 1323; 1583, p. 1373.

(c. 1509 - 1580)

Of Highnam Court, Glos. and Llanthony, Mon. (Bindoff, Commons and Hasler, Commons)

Released from the Tower on 18 January 1555 (1570, p. 1655; 1576, p. 1412; 1583, p. 1482)

Foxe does not state what he had been imprisoned for but it was for complicity in Wyatt's rebellion (Bindoff, Commons).

(in or before 1496 - 1539) [ODNB]

Diplomat; courtier; gentleman of the privy chamber 1518; sheriff of Surrey and Sussex 1518 - 19); JP Surrey (1520 - 39); master of the horse 1522; supporter of Catherine of Aragon and Princess Mary; convicted of treason; beheaded

Sir Nicholas Carew was one of those listed by Nicholas Harpsfield as Catholic martyrs. 1570, p. 1385; 1576, p. 1181; 1583, p. 1210.

Foxe in his first edition says Carew made a protestant confession at his execution. 1563, p. 658.

(1495 - 1557)

Judge. Eldest son of John Hare of Homersfield, Suffolk, by Elizabeth Fotescue, his wife. [DNB] Master of the Rolls (1553 - 1557) MP for Downton, Wiltshire (1529), Norfolk (1539 - 1540), Lancaster (1544 - 1545). Speaker of the House (1539 - 1540) (DNB; Bindoff)

Sir Nicholas Hare was one of the recipients of the proclamation from Philip and Mary authorising the persecution of protestants. 1563, p. 1561, 1570, p. 2155, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1974[incorrectly numbered 1970].

On 15 April 1555, Hare was ordered by the privy council to interrogate William Flower and also to have Bishop Bonner and the Middlesex JPs initiate proceedings against Flower. 1583, p. 1561.

Sir Nicholas Hare wrote a letter to Edmond Tyrrell in June 1555. 1563, p. 1245, 1570, p. 1864, 1576, p. 1596, 1583, p. 1683.

Edmond Tyrrel wrote to one of the queen's commissioners stating that he had received a letter from that [unnamed] commissioner and Sir Nicholas Hare via John Failes on 12 June 1555. 1563, p. 1245, 1570, p. 1864, 1576, p. 1596, 1583, p. 1683.

A letter was sent by the commissioners to Bonner requesting examination of the accused members of the London sacramentaries. The letter was dated 2 July 1555 and signed by Nicholas Hare, William Roper, Richard Rede, and William Cooke. 1563, p. 1250, 1570, p. 1868, 1576, p. 1599, 1583, p. 1689. [Hare sent ten Newgate prisoners to be examined by Bonner: Elizabeth Warne, George Tankerfield, Robert Smith, Steven Harwood, Thomas Fust, William Haile, George King, John Wade, Joan Lashford.] 1570, p. 1878, 1576, p. 1608, 1583, p. 1702.

Thomas Leyes was sent to Newgate by Sir Nicholas Hare. 1570, p. 1878, 1576, p. 1608, 1583, p. 1702.

[Hare was not a knight, but both Foxe and the Privy Council Register mistakenly call him 'Sir' (cf. APC V, p. 115). The overseers to Hare's will were the outspoken conservatives Sir Edward Waldegrave and Sir John Baker; his three sons were all Elizabethan recusants (Bindoff, Commons).]

(c. 1491 - 1532) [ODNB]

Diplomat; English ambassador to Charles V (1530 - 31)

Sir Nicholas Harvey was sent to the emperor to put the case of Henry VIII for a divorce from Catherine of Aragon. 1570, p. 1193; 1576, p. 1021; 1583, p. 1049.

(1515 - 1571)

[DNB] [Also Bindoff, Commons; Hasler, Commons]

Sir Nicholas Throckmorton was sent to the Tower on 22 February 1554 (1570, p. 1637; 1576, p. 1397; 1583, p. 1467).

He was brought to the Guildhall on 17 April 1554 and arraigned for treason. He defended himself so well, challenging the legality of the laws under which he was being prosecuted as well as arguing his innocence of any wrong doing, that the jury cleared him (1563, p. 1001; 1570, p. 1639; 1576, p. 1399; 1583, p. 1649).

Eight members of the jury that acquitted Throckmorton refused to admit wrong doing and were sentenced by Star Chamber to pay 1000 marks apiece and were imprisoned (1570, p. 1644; 1576, p. 1403; 1583, p. 1473).

Three members of the jury that acquitted him, Whetstone, Lucar and Kightely, were ordered to pay fines of £2,000 each, another five were ordered to pay fines of a thousand marks each and four others, who confessed their fault and asked pardon, were exempted from any fines (1570, p. 1645; 1576, p. 1403; 1583, p. 1474).

On 12 December 1554, five of the eight defiant jurors were released from prison after paying fines of £220 each. On 21 December the remaining three jurors were released from prison after declaring that they could not pay the fines and paid £40 each instead (1570, p. 1652; 1576, p. 1409; 1583, p. 1480).

Throckmorton was released from the Tower on 18 January 1555 (1570, p. 1655; 1576, p. 1412; 1583, p. 1482).

[Also referred to as 'Sir Nicholas Throgmorton' or 'Throgmerton']

(1514 - 1575)

Of Mohun's Ottery, Devon. MP for Tavistock (1545), Dartmouth (1547), Devon (1553), Exeter (1563). Soldier. Son of Sir Edmund Carew. Leader of the conspiracy in Devon in January 1554, after which he fled to France. (DNB) [See Bindoff, Commons; Hasler, Commons; DNB]

Sir Peter Carew rebelled against Mary, was proclaimed a traitor and fled into France; all in early 1554. 1563, pp. 916-17; 1570, pp. 1579-80; 1576, pp. 1347-48; and 1583, p. 1418.

Carew travelled with John Cheke and was taken en route between Brussels and Antwerp. 1570, p. 2141, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1955.

Elizabeth was charged with conspiring with Carew. 1563, p. 1712, 1570, p. 2289, 1576, p. 1982, 1583, p. 2091.

[NB: Peter Carew is the nephew of Gawain Carew.]

(1504/5 - 1558) [ODNB]

Diplomat, administrator; committed to the Fleet in 1543 for supporting Thomas Parson; released

Resident ambassador to the emperor Charles V (1548 - 51); ambassador to France 1551; ambassador to the Netherlands 1552

Sir Philip Hoby was persecuted with Robert Testwood, Henry Filmer and Anthony Pearson. 1570, p. 1386; 1576, p. 1182; 1583, p. 1211.

He was one of those reported to Stephen Gardiner by William Symonds and John London as a chief helper and supporter of Anthony Pearson. 1570, p. 1389; 1576, p. 1185; 1583, p. 1214.

Gardiner had Simon Haynes and Philip Hoby committed to the Fleet, but their friends secured their release. 1570, p. 1390; 1576, p. 1186; 1583, p. 1214.

Hoby and his wife were among those indicted under the Six Articles but pardoned by the king. 1570, p. 1399; 1576, p. 1193; 1583, p. 1221.

In her letter to King Edward, Mary asked that the imperial ambassador and the ambassador to the emperor be consulted as to the promise Edward made to allow Mary to continue to practise her religion. 1576, pp. 1291-93; 1583, pp. 1334-35.

The lords opposed to the Lord Protector sent Sir Philip Hoby to put their case to the king. As a result, the Lord Protector was imprisoned in Windsor Castle and then taken to the Tower. 1570, p. 1548; 1576, p. 1320; 1583, p. 1370.

Paris was listed in the Commission of the Peace for Essex in May 1555, but his name was deleted. [PRO, SP11/5, no. 6].

Sir Philip Paris denounced six residents of Coggeshall, Essex: William Bamford, Nicholas Chamberlain, Thomas Osmund, Thomas Brodehill, Thomas Osburne and Richard Webbe, to Bishop Bonner on 1 May 1555. 1563, p. 1166; 1570, p. 1777; 1576, p. 1518; 1583, pp. 1601-02

A member of the council of Edward Stanley, the 3rd earl of Derby

Sir Pierce Alee interrogated George Marsh at Lathom House. 1570, p. 1732; 1576, p. 1479; 1583, p. 1562.

[Probably Sir Peter Lee, JP for Cheshire in 1555 (PRO, SP11/5, no. 6)]

JP for Hertfordshire. (CSPD)

Elizabeth stayed at Sir Rafe Rowlet's house in St Alban's after leaving Ashbridge. 1563, p. 1712, 1570, p. 2289, 1576, p. 1982, 1583, p. 2091.

(by 1523 - 1570 or later)

Of Shirburn, Oxfordshire. Servant of Lord John Russell in 1541; gentleman porter, the Tower of London from 1553; Esquire of the Body (1553); lieutenant. Of Calais castle (1554 - 1558); bailiff of the lordship of Leominster, Herefordshire from 1559. (Bindoff)

Chamberlaine guarded Elizabeth on her removal to Rycot, Oxfordshire. 1563, p. 1715, 1570, p. 2294, 1576, p. 1986, 1583, p. 2291.

[Chamberlain's father and eldest brother, Leonard, were lieutenants of Woodstock and the latter was presumably responsible for the revival of parliamentary representation there. (Bindoff)]

(d. 1550)

High sheriff (1529). Knighted by Henry VIII on presentation of the ensign won in France. (DNB)

Having requested the heart to be cut out of Adam Damlip, Ellerker himself was murdered by the French, who mangled him, cut off his genitalia and then removed his heart. 1570, p. 2300, 1576, p. 1991. 1583, p. 2101.

(in or before 1489 - 1546) [ODNB]

Soldier; marshal of Calais 1542; marshal of Boulogne 1544; killed in a French ambush

At the execution of Adam Damplip, Sir Ralph Ellerker would not allow him to make a declaration, but told the executioner to kill him immediately. 1563, p. 666; 1570, p. 1407; 1576, p. 1200; 1583, p. 1229.

Ellerker was killed in a skirmish with the French, and his body was afterwards mutilated. 1563, p. 666; 1570, p. 1407; 1576, p. 1200; 1583, p. 1229.

(ante 1510 - 1552) [ODNB]

Husband of Lady Elizabeth Fane; conspirator; hanged for treason. [Foxe calls him Vane.]

Sir Michael Stanhope, Sir Ralph Fane and Sir Miles Partridge were committed to prison with Edward Seymour at his second imprisonment in 1551. 1570, p. 1549; 1576, p. 1321; 1583, p. 1371.

Sir Ralph Fane and Sir Miles Partridge were hanged, and Sir Michael Stanhope and Sir Thomas Arundell beheaded, all at Tower Hill on 26 February 1552 for conspiring with the Duke of Somerset. 1570, p. 1552; 1576, p. 1323; 1583, p. 1373.

(1507 - 87) [ODNB; Bindoff]

Diplomat, administrator; Cromwell's secretary; MP Hindon 1536 ; MP Middlesex 1539; MP Hertfordshire 1542, 1553, 1559, 1563, 1571, 1572, 1584, 1586; MP Preston 1545; JP Hertfordshire, Gloucestershire

Privy councillor (1540 - 53, 1566 - 87); principal secretary (1540 - 43); king's secretary to Henry VIII; treasurer (1544 - 53)

After the Act of Supremacy, Henry VIII attempted to improve relations with other monarchs by sending ambassadors. Sir Ralph Sadler was sent to James V, king of the Scots. Upon gaining an audience with the king, he delivered an oration. 1570, p. 1218; 1576, pp. 1043-44; 1583, pp. 1070-71.

When Thomas Cromwell was imprisoned in the Tower, Sir Ralph Sadler remained loyal to him and took a letter from him to the king. 1570, p. 1361; 1576, p. 1162; 1583, p. 1190.

Stephen Gardiner preached a sermon contrary to the king's injunctions. He was arrested and taken to the Tower by Sir Anthony Wingfield and Sir Ralph Sadler; Sadler and William Hunnings were instructed to seal off doors to his house. He was transferred to the Fleet. 1563, pp. 728, 760; 1570, pp. 1521, 1529; 1576, pp. 1297, 1304; 1583, pp. 1340, 1353-54.

Ralph Sadler was a deponent in the case of Stephen Gardiner. 1563, p. 806

Ralph Sadler was one of the signatories to the proclamation against Edward Seymour calling for his removal. 1570, p. 1547; 1576, p. 1318; 1583, p. 1368.

(c. 1483 - 1553) [ODNB]

Merchant and local politician of London; of Merchant Adventurers, Staplers' Company

Sir Ralph Warren was named in a commission from Henry VIII to Edmund Bonner as one who was required to execute the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1375; 1576, p. 1173; 1583, p. 1202.

(1500? - 1558)

JP for Wiltshire, 1555 (SP11/5, no. 6) [Bindoff]

High sheriff of Berkshire.

Julins Palmer's second examination, on 10 July 1556 (15 July in 1583) at Newbury, took place before William Geffre (the chancellor of Salisbury), John Winchcomb, Sir Richard Abridges, and Sir William Rainford [in 1576 and 1583], and the parson of Englefield. 1570, pp. 2121-23, 1576, pp. 1844-46,1583, pp. 1938-40.

(1527 - 1560 or later)

Imprisoned under Mary.

Put in Tower on 26 July 1553 (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p 1394; and 1583, p. 1465). Pardoned and released from the Tower in October 1553 (Bindoff, Commons).

(by 1497 - 1556)

Privy Councillor (Bindoff, Commons)

Sir Richard Cotton was one of the signatories of a letter from the Privy Council to Princess Mary, dated 9 July 1553, stating that she was illegitimate and that Lady Jane Grey was Edward VI's true heir (1570, p. 1568; 1576, p. 1337; 1583, pp. 1406-7).

Alderman and knight. [S. Brigden, London and the Reformation (Oxford, 1986), pp. 479, 583; Calendar of the Patent Rolls, Edward VI, 4, 396.]

In Ridley's friendly farewell he makes supplication to Dobbs. 1570, pp. 1939-43, 1576, pp. 1662-28, 1583, pp. 1770-76.

(c. 1494 - 1546) [ODNB]

by 1515 one of the spears of Calais, retained rest of life; by 1539 gentleman of the privy chamber; MP Southward 1539

Sir Richard Long and Francis Hastings charged Thomas Broke and Geoffrey Loveday with aiding Adam Damplip in Calais. 1563, p. 663; 1570, p. 1402; 1576, p. 1196; 1583, p. 1225.

At the examination of William Smith in London, it was reported that, after a disagreement with his wife, Richard Long had drowned himself. 1570, p. 1404; 1576, p. 1197; 1583, p. 1226.

(d. 1556)

Chief Justice of the Common Pleas; Privy Councillor (DNB; Bindoff, Commons)

Sir Richard Morgan was on the commission which tried Lady Jane Grey. According to Foxe, he fell mad as a providential punishment for judging Lady Jane Grey. This is in Foxe's section on the providential punishment of persecutors. (1563, p. 1704; 1570, p. 2298; 1576, p. 1990; and 1583, p. 2099).

In a more elaborate version of the story, which appears in the narrative of Jane Grey's martyrdom, Morgan fell mad and in his raving 'cried out continually to have the Lady Jane taken away from hym, and so ended his life' (1570, p. 1585; 1576, p. 1352; and 1583, p. 1423).

Ridley reported in a letter to Cranmer written in the aftermath of the Oxford Disputations of April 1554, that Morgan had gone mad (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1394; 1583, p. 1464).

[NB: Interestingly, this story may have had some foundation in fact; see Bindoff, Commons].

Foxe appended a marginal note to Ridley's comment, tying Morgan's madness to his condemning Lady Jane Grey to death: 'Thys Justice Morgan gave sentence agaynst Lady Jane', (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1394; 1583, p. 1464).

Morgan was on the commission which deprived John Hooper of his bishoprics; during the deprivationMorgan upbraided Hooper for his punishments of religious offenders while he had been Bishop of Gloucester (1563, pp. 1054-55; 1570, pp. 1678-79; 1576, pp. 1432-33; 1583, p. 1605).

(d. 1556) [ODNB]

Judge; serjeant-at-law 1547; recorder of Gloucester; MP Gloucester (1545 - 53); privy councillor (1553 - 54); chief justice of the common pleas (1553 - 54); declared lunatic 1554

Richard Morgan was a witness in 1551 to the sentence against Stephen Gardiner and his appellation. 1563, p. 867.

Officer of the Court of Chancery. Alderman of London; JP Essex and Middlesex (1555) [SP11/5, no. 6]

Sir Richard Read was ordered by the privy council to examine Sir Thomas Benger, Cary, John Dee and John Field on 5 and 7 May 1555. 1583, p. 1581.

A letter was sent by the commissioners to Bonner requesting examination of the accused members of the London sacramentaries. It was dated 2 July 1555 and signed by Nicholas Hare, William Roper, Richard Rede, and William Cooke. 1563, p. 1250, 1570, p. 1868, 1576, p. 1599, 1583, p. 1689.

George Ambrose was examined by Richard Read, the lord chancellor, on 21 March 1556. 1563, p. 1505, 1570, p. 2074, 1576, p. 1789, 1583, p. 1895.

Drakes was examined by Richard Read, the lord chancellor, on 22 March 1556. 1563, p. 1505 [1563 says 21 March], 1570, p. 2074, 1576, p. 1789, 1583, p. 1895.

Richard Read was told during his examinations of 16 January 1555 that the Spurges, Ambrose and Cavel had been complained of by the parson of the church in Bocking. The priest had complained to Lord Rich who had taken the complaint further. 1563, p. 1505, 1570, p. 2074, 1576, p. 1788, 1583, p. 1895.

Cavel was examined by Richard Read, the lord chancellor, on 22 March 1556. 1563, p. 1505 [1563 says 21 March], 1570, p. 2074, 1576, p. 1789, 1583, p. 1895.

Richard and Thomas Spurge were examined by Richard Read, the lord chancellor, on 22 March 1556. 1563, p. 1505 [1563 says 21 March], 1570, p. 2074, 1576, p. 1789, 1583, p. 1895.

Tyms was examined by Richard Read, the lord chancellor on 22 March 1556. 1563, p. 1505 [1563 says 21 March], 1570, p. 2074, 1576, p. 1789, 1583, p. 1895.

Commemorations were given to Read at King's College shortly after the exhumation of Bucer, at the commission's command. 1576, p. 1866, 1583, p. 1960.

Read was one of the recipients of the proclamation from Philip and Mary authorising the persecution of protestants. 1563, p. 1561, 1570, p. 2155, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1974[incorrectly numbered 1970].

(1504 - 1564)

Master of the Ordinance; elder brother of Sir Robert Southwell. Courtier and official. (DNB)

Sir Richard Southwell was a signatory to a letter from the privy council to Bishop Bonner, dated 27 November 1554, informing him that Queen Mary was pregnant and ordering him to have prayers and Te Deums said throughout his diocese (1563, pp. 1014-15; 1570, p. 1647; 1576, p. 1405; 1583, pp. 1475-75).

Southwell was one of the examiners of John Rogers on 22 January 1555. 1563, pp. 1023-26; 1570, pp. 1657-59; 1576, pp. 1414-15; 1583, pp. 1484-86.

He was present at John Rogers' execution on 4 February 1555. 1570, p. 1664; 1576, p. 1420; 1583, p. 1493.

He was one of the commissioners who interrogated Robert Ferrar on 4 February 1555. 1563, p. 1732; 1570, pp. 1722-23; 1576, p. 1471; 1583, pp. 1553-54.

Richard Southwell was one of the privy councillors who signed a letter to Bishop Bonner, dated 28 April 1555, ordering the bishop to proceed posthumously against John Tooley in ecclesiastical court. 1563, p. 1142; 1570, p. 1757; 1576, p. 1500; 1583, p. 1584.

Bradford was brought to speak to Bonner by the under-marshal of the King's Bench. Talk took place between the lord chancellor, Bonner and John Bradford on 22 January 1555, during which the bishop of Durham, Sir Richard Southwell, Sir Robert Rochester, and Secretary Bourne questioned Bradford's eucharistic doctrine. 1563, pp. 1185-88, 1570, pp. 1782-84, 1576, pp. 1522-23, 1583, pp. 1605-06.

A declaration was made at Paul's Cross by William Chedsey at Bonner's commandment. He mentioned two letters, one from the queen and another from the privy council. The council letter was about procession and prayer at the agreement of peace between England and France. The signatories were: Francis Shrewsbury, Penbroke, Thomas Cheyny, William Peter, Thomas Wharton and Richard Southwell. Foxe suggests that he had seen the letter. 1563, p. 1217.

He sent a letter to Bishop Bonner about William Andrew. 1563, p. 1271, 1570, p. 1878, 1576, p. 1608, 1583, pp. 1702-03.

Robert Farrer's examination took place before the bishops of Durham and Worcester, Sir Robert Rochester, Sir Richard Southwell and Gilbert Bourne. 1563, p. 1732, 1570, p. 2296, 1576, p. 1990, 1583, p. 2136.

After Wyatt's rebellion, Southwell went to see Elizabeth at Ashridge and found her to be unwell. 1563, p. 1711, 1570, p. 2288, 1576, p. 1982, 1583, p. 2091.

(1504 - 1564)

Master of the Ordinance; elder brother of Sir Robert Southwell. Courtier and official. (DNB)

Sir Richard Southwell was a signatory to a letter from the privy council to Bishop Bonner, dated 27 November 1554, informing him that Queen Mary was pregnant and ordering him to have prayers and Te Deums said throughout his diocese (1563, pp. 1014-15; 1570, p. 1647; 1576, p. 1405; 1583, pp. 1475-75).

Southwell was one of the examiners of John Rogers on 22 January 1555. 1563, pp. 1023-26; 1570, pp. 1657-59; 1576, pp. 1414-15; 1583, pp. 1484-86.

He was present at John Rogers' execution on 4 February 1555. 1570, p. 1664; 1576, p. 1420; 1583, p. 1493.

He was one of the commissioners who interrogated Robert Ferrar on 4 February 1555. 1563, p. 1732; 1570, pp. 1722-23; 1576, p. 1471; 1583, pp. 1553-54.

Richard Southwell was one of the privy councillors who signed a letter to Bishop Bonner, dated 28 April 1555, ordering the bishop to proceed posthumously against John Tooley in ecclesiastical court. 1563, p. 1142; 1570, p. 1757; 1576, p. 1500; 1583, p. 1584.

Bradford was brought to speak to Bonner by the under-marshal of the King's Bench. Talk took place between the lord chancellor, Bonner and John Bradford on 22 January 1555, during which the bishop of Durham, Sir Richard Southwell, Sir Robert Rochester, and Secretary Bourne questioned Bradford's eucharistic doctrine. 1563, pp. 1185-88, 1570, pp. 1782-84, 1576, pp. 1522-23, 1583, pp. 1605-06.

A declaration was made at Paul's Cross by William Chedsey at Bonner's commandment. He mentioned two letters, one from the queen and another from the privy council. The council letter was about procession and prayer at the agreement of peace between England and France. The signatories were: Francis Shrewsbury, Penbroke, Thomas Cheyny, William Peter, Thomas Wharton and Richard Southwell. Foxe suggests that he had seen the letter. 1563, p. 1217.

He sent a letter to Bishop Bonner about William Andrew. 1563, p. 1271, 1570, p. 1878, 1576, p. 1608, 1583, pp. 1702-03.

Robert Farrer's examination took place before the bishops of Durham and Worcester, Sir Robert Rochester, Sir Richard Southwell and Gilbert Bourne. 1563, p. 1732, 1570, p. 2296, 1576, p. 1990, 1583, p. 2136.

After Wyatt's rebellion, Southwell went to see Elizabeth at Ashridge and found her to be unwell. 1563, p. 1711, 1570, p. 2288, 1576, p. 1982, 1583, p. 2091.

(1502/3 - 1564) [ODNB; Bindoff]

Administrator; JP Norfolk/Suffolk (1531 - 54); sheriff Norfolk and Suffolk (1534); MP Norfolk (1539, 1542, 1553, 1554); privy councillor (1547, 1553 - 58)

Sir Richard Southwell was one of the signatories to the proclamation against Edward Seymour calling for his removal. 1570, p. 1547; 1576, p. 1318; 1583, p. 1368.

He was one of the signatories to the letter to the lord mayor and common council of London from the lords opposing Edward Seymour. 1570, p. 1547; 1576, p. 1319; 1583, p. 1369.

(1495? - 1554)

Privy Councillor, 1551 - 1554 (DNB; Bindoff, Commons)

One of the signatories to a letter from the Privy Council to Princess Mary, dated 9 July 1553, stating that she was illegitimate and that Lady Jane Grey was Edward VI's true heir (1570, p. 1568; 1576, p. 1337; 1583, pp. 1406-7).

(by 1515 - 1558) [ODNB; Bindoff]

Judge, legal writer, speaker of the House of Commons 1554; recorder of London (1545 - 54); served on various commissions (1538 - 58)

Robert Broke was named in a commission from Henry VIII to Edmund Bonner as one who was required to execute the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1375; 1576, p. 1173; 1583, p. 1202.

The lord mayor and common council of London, having received contrary instructions and demands for military assistance from the king and Lord Protector on the one hand, and from the lords opposed to the Lord Protector on the other, were uncertain how to proceed. The recorder argued in favour of the lords. George Stadlowe argued for the king. 1570, p. 1548; 1576, pp. 1319-20; 1583, pp. 1369-70.

(1478? - 1537) [ODNB]

Rebel, of Flamborough, East Riding; participated in the Pilgrimage of Grace; accepted royal pardon; executed for alleged offences after

Sir Robert Constable and other rebels were executed in 1537. 1570, p. 1239; 1576, p. 1061; 1583, p. 1087.

(c. 1460 - 1534/5) [ODNB]

Lord Curson and Baron Curson in the nobility of the Holy Roman Empire; soldier and courtier; JP Suffolk (1515 - 34); religious conservative

Baron Curson cut down boughs to stoke the fire under Peke at his burning in Ipswich in 1515. 1570, p. 1292; 1576, p. 1106; 1583, p. 1132.

Sir Robert Outred witnessed the burning of Stile at Smithfield c. 1528 - 30 and was Foxe's source. 1570, p. 1457; 1576, p. 1242; 1583, p. 1279.

(1494? - 1557) [DNB]

Mary's Controller of the Household; privy councillor

Sir Robert Rochester was present at Gardiner's sermon, 30 September 1554 (1570, p. 1644; 1576, p. 1402; 1583, p. 1473).

He was present at the burning of John Rogers, 4 February 1555. 1570, p. 1664; 1576, p. 1420; 1583, p. 1493.

Rochester was one of the commissioners who interrogated Robert Ferrar on 4 February 1555. 1563, p. 1732; 1570, pp. 1722-23; 1576, p. 1471; 1583, pp. 1553-54.

On 28 March, Mary announced to Rochester and three other privy councillors that she was restoring the monastic lands in the crown's possession to the church. 1570, p. 1729; 1576, p. 1476; 1583, p. 1559.

Rochester stated that he did not know that Bradford had been in prison, but that he now knew that he was to be kept in prison 'without a cause'. 1563, p. 1186, 1570, p. 1783, 1576, p. 1523, 1583, p. 1605.

Bradford was brought to speak to Bonner by the under-marshal of the King's Bench. Talk took place between the lord chancellor, Bonner and John Bradford on 22 January 1555, during which the bishop of Durham, Sir Richard Southwell, Sir Robert Rochester, and Secretary Bourne questioned Bradford's eucharistic doctrine. 1563, pp. 1185-88, 1570, pp. 1782-84, 1576, pp. 1522-23, 1583, pp. 1605-06.

(c. 1500 - 1557) [ODNB; Bindoff]

Administrator; in Princess Mary's service from 1546; MP Essex (1553, 54, 55) Mary's comptroller of the royal household (1553 - 57); privy councillor (1553 - 1557); JP Essex and Suffolk 1554

Rochester was one of the chief opponents of John Frith. 1563, p. 500; 1570, p. 1176; 1576, p. 1006; 1583, p. 1034.

Princess Mary, in a letter to the Lord Protector and privy council, explained that Robert Rochester, her comptroller, and John Hopton, her chaplain, were unable to attend for questioning as requested. Rochester could not be spared, and Hopton was too ill to travel. 1576, p. 1289; 1583, p. 1332.

The king sent his own councillors to his sister, Lady Mary, after her servants, Rochester, Englefield and Waldegrave, had failed to prevent masses being said in her household. 1576, pp. 1296-97; 1583, pp. 1338-39.

(d. 1414) Martyr

Originally of Shrewsbury; [ODNB sub John Oldcastle; Thomson] of Sutton nr Tenbury. Soldier in the Welsh wars of Henry IV; John Oldcastle's principal lieutenant; executed after Oldcastle's rising

Sir Roger Acton is given as an example of one wrongly accused and judged. 1570, p. 1360; 1576, p. 1161; 1583, p. 1189.

(d. 1565)

Lord chief justice of King's and Queen's Bench (1552 - 1553), privy councillor (under Mary) and MP [Bindoff, Commons; Hasler, Commons; DNB]. Judge, lieutenant of the Tower. Son of Sir Richard Cholmley [DNB]

Sir Roger Cholmley persuaded the royal guard to support Northumberland against Mary (1570, p. 1568; 1576, p. 1337; 1583, p. 1407).

He was sent to the Tower, with Sir Edward Montagu, on 27 July 1553 (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1394; 1583, p. 1465).

He was released from the Tower together with Sir Edward Montagu on 7 September 1553 (1570, p. 1635; 1576, p. 1395; 1583, p. 1466).

Sir Roger Cholmley was one of the recipients of the proclamation from Philip and Mary authorising the persecution of protestants. 1563, p. 1561, 1570, p. 2155, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1974[incorrectly numbered 1970].

Cholmley participated in a debate/dinner conversation between Nicholas Ridley and John Feckenham and Sir John Bourne, on the nature of the eucharist, held while Ridley was a prisoner in the Tower (1563, p. 931; 1570, p. 1591; 1576, pp. 1357-58; and 1583, p. 1428).

Cholmley came to William Flower at the stake and urged Flower, on pain of damnation, to recant his heretical beliefs. 1563, p. 1733; 1570, p. 1749; 1576, p. 1493; 1583, p. 1577.

George Tankerfield was sent into Newgate by Roger Cholmey and Dr Martin. 1563, p. 1251, 1570, p. 1869, 1576, p. 1600, 1583, p. 1689.

Philpot's first examination was before Cholmley, Roper, Story, and one of the scribes of the Arches at Newgate Hall, 2 October 1555. 1563, pp. 1388-90, 1570, pp. 1961-62, 1576, pp. 1688-89, 1583, pp. 1795-96.

Cholmley was one of the commissioners who sent John Went, John Tudson, Thomas Brown and Joan Warren to be examined and imprisoned. 1563, p. 1453, 1570, p. 2016, 1576, p. 1737, 1583, p. 1845.

A complaint about John Tudson was made to Cholmley. 1563, p. 1467, 1570, p. 2029, 1576, p. 1749, 1583, p. 1857. [Foxe erroneously calls him 'Sir Richard Cholmley'.]

Cuthbert Symson was brought before Cholmley, examined and racked. 1563, p. 1651, 1570, p. 2229, 1576, p. 1924, 1583, p. 2032.

Cholmley sent to Newgate 27 prisoners who were members of an illegal conventicle in Islington. 1563, p. 1659, 1570, p. 2235, 1576, p. 1930, 1583, p. 2037.

Thomas Hinshaw was taken by the constables of Islington to appear before Master Cholmley, who sent him to Newgate. 1563, p. 1690, 1570, p. 2242, 1576, p. 1937, 1583, p. 2043.

Robert Farrer, haberdasher of London, had two daughters, one of whom was delivered to Sir Roger Cholmley for a sum of money, to be at his commandment, the other sold to Sir William Godolphin, who took her to Boulogne as his lackey, dressed in men's clothing. 1570, p. 2296, 1576, p. 1988, 1583, p. 2294.

The lord mayor of London and Chomley examined Richard Wilmot and Thomas Fairfax. 1563, p. 1683, 1570, p. 2060, 1576, p. 1952, 1583, p. 2058.

Elizabeth Young's fourth examination was before Bonner, Roger Cholmley, Cooke, Dr Roper of Kent, and Dr Martin. 1570, pp. 2270-71, 1576, pp. 1959-60, 1583, pp. 2066-67.

Tingle was a prisoner in Newgate. His keeper realised that Edward Benet had a New Testament and sent him to Cholmley, who imprisoned him in the Compter for 25 weeks. 1570, p. 2279, 1576, p. 1968 [incorrectly numbered 1632], 1583, p. 2075.

Benet was apprehended again in Islington and sent before Cholmley but was cut off from the rest. 1570, p. 2279, 1576, p. 1968 [incorrectly numbered 1632], 1583, p. 2075.

John Story had accused Angel's wife of murdering a woman and her child who resided with her in her house. He sent her to Newgate. Sir Roger Cholmley dismissed the charges against her. 1563, p. 1707, 1570, p. 2299, 1576, p. 1991, 1583, p. 2010.

[Also referred to as 'Lorde Chiefe Baron' or 'Chomley']

(d. 1565)

Lord chief justice of King's and Queen's Bench (1552 - 1553), privy councillor (under Mary) and MP [Bindoff, Commons; Hasler, Commons; DNB]. Judge, lieutenant of the Tower. Son of Sir Richard Cholmley [DNB]

Sir Roger Cholmley persuaded the royal guard to support Northumberland against Mary (1570, p. 1568; 1576, p. 1337; 1583, p. 1407).

He was sent to the Tower, with Sir Edward Montagu, on 27 July 1553 (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1394; 1583, p. 1465).

He was released from the Tower together with Sir Edward Montagu on 7 September 1553 (1570, p. 1635; 1576, p. 1395; 1583, p. 1466).

Sir Roger Cholmley was one of the recipients of the proclamation from Philip and Mary authorising the persecution of protestants. 1563, p. 1561, 1570, p. 2155, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1974[incorrectly numbered 1970].

Cholmley participated in a debate/dinner conversation between Nicholas Ridley and John Feckenham and Sir John Bourne, on the nature of the eucharist, held while Ridley was a prisoner in the Tower (1563, p. 931; 1570, p. 1591; 1576, pp. 1357-58; and 1583, p. 1428).

Cholmley came to William Flower at the stake and urged Flower, on pain of damnation, to recant his heretical beliefs. 1563, p. 1733; 1570, p. 1749; 1576, p. 1493; 1583, p. 1577.

George Tankerfield was sent into Newgate by Roger Cholmey and Dr Martin. 1563, p. 1251, 1570, p. 1869, 1576, p. 1600, 1583, p. 1689.

Philpot's first examination was before Cholmley, Roper, Story, and one of the scribes of the Arches at Newgate Hall, 2 October 1555. 1563, pp. 1388-90, 1570, pp. 1961-62, 1576, pp. 1688-89, 1583, pp. 1795-96.

Cholmley was one of the commissioners who sent John Went, John Tudson, Thomas Brown and Joan Warren to be examined and imprisoned. 1563, p. 1453, 1570, p. 2016, 1576, p. 1737, 1583, p. 1845.

A complaint about John Tudson was made to Cholmley. 1563, p. 1467, 1570, p. 2029, 1576, p. 1749, 1583, p. 1857. [Foxe erroneously calls him 'Sir Richard Cholmley'.]

Cuthbert Symson was brought before Cholmley, examined and racked. 1563, p. 1651, 1570, p. 2229, 1576, p. 1924, 1583, p. 2032.

Cholmley sent to Newgate 27 prisoners who were members of an illegal conventicle in Islington. 1563, p. 1659, 1570, p. 2235, 1576, p. 1930, 1583, p. 2037.

Thomas Hinshaw was taken by the constables of Islington to appear before Master Cholmley, who sent him to Newgate. 1563, p. 1690, 1570, p. 2242, 1576, p. 1937, 1583, p. 2043.

Robert Farrer, haberdasher of London, had two daughters, one of whom was delivered to Sir Roger Cholmley for a sum of money, to be at his commandment, the other sold to Sir William Godolphin, who took her to Boulogne as his lackey, dressed in men's clothing. 1570, p. 2296, 1576, p. 1988, 1583, p. 2294.

The lord mayor of London and Chomley examined Richard Wilmot and Thomas Fairfax. 1563, p. 1683, 1570, p. 2060, 1576, p. 1952, 1583, p. 2058.

Elizabeth Young's fourth examination was before Bonner, Roger Cholmley, Cooke, Dr Roper of Kent, and Dr Martin. 1570, pp. 2270-71, 1576, pp. 1959-60, 1583, pp. 2066-67.

Tingle was a prisoner in Newgate. His keeper realised that Edward Benet had a New Testament and sent him to Cholmley, who imprisoned him in the Compter for 25 weeks. 1570, p. 2279, 1576, p. 1968 [incorrectly numbered 1632], 1583, p. 2075.

Benet was apprehended again in Islington and sent before Cholmley but was cut off from the rest. 1570, p. 2279, 1576, p. 1968 [incorrectly numbered 1632], 1583, p. 2075.

John Story had accused Angel's wife of murdering a woman and her child who resided with her in her house. He sent her to Newgate. Sir Roger Cholmley dismissed the charges against her. 1563, p. 1707, 1570, p. 2299, 1576, p. 1991, 1583, p. 2010.

[Also referred to as 'Lorde Chiefe Baron' or 'Chomley']

(c. 1485 - 1565) [Bindoff; Hasler; ODNB]

Lord chief justice of King's and Queen's Bench (1552 - 53); privy councillor (under Mary) and MP; lieutenant of the Tower. Son of Sir Richard Cholmley

Thomas Frebarne, who had obtained pork in Lent for his pregnant wife, was sent to Sir Roger Cholmley by Bishop Stokesley. Cholmley was not at home, so he was returned to the bishop. 1570, p. 1354; 1576, p. 1156; 1583, p. 1184.

Sir Roger Cholmley was named in a commission from Henry VIII to Edmund Bonner as one who was required to execute the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1375; 1576, p. 1173; 1583, p. 1202.

Cholmley was recorder at the trial of Richard Mekins. He instructed the jury to allow the witnesses against Mekins, even though they did not agree. 1570, p. 1376; 1576, p. 1174; 1583, p. 1202.

(c. 1495 - 1561) [ODNB]

Merchant adventurer; sheriff of London (1541 - 42); lord mayor of London (1549 - 50)

The king sent a letter to the lord mayor of London, Henry Amcottes; the mayor-elect, Sir Rowland Hill; the aldermen and common council, directing that 1000 troops be mustered to defend the Lord Protector. The lords opposing the Lord Protector sent a letter on the same day directing the mayor and council not to obey any instructions coming from him. 1570, p. 1547; 1576, p. 1319; 1583, p. 1369.

(1492? - 1561)

Mercer. Sheriff of Middlesex (1541). Lord Mayor of London (1549 - 1550). Member of the Council of the Marches of Wales (1551) (DNB; Brigden, p. 472)

Hill was a member of a commission set up by Philip and Mary to seek out heretics. 1563, pp. 1561 [recte 1573]-1563 [recte 1575].

In Ridley's friendly farewell he comments on the mayoral role of Sir Rowland Hill and Sir George Barnes. 1570, pp. 1939-43, 1576, pp. 1622-28, 1583, pp. 1770-76.

Rowland Hill was one of the recipients of the proclamation from Philip and Mary authorising the persecution of protestants. 1563, p. 1561, 1570, p. 2155, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1974[incorrectly numbered 1970].

[Despite his appointment to the commission against heretics in 1557, Rowland Hill was regarded as a staunch protestant. (DNB)]

(d. 1537) [ODNB sub Tempest family]

Rebel in the Pilgrimage of Grace; one of the gentry captured by the north Craven commons 21 October 1536; executed at Lancaster

Sir Stephen Hamerton and other rebels were executed in 1537. 1570, p. 1239; 1576, p. 1061; 1583, p. 1087.

Mayor of London (1532 - 33) [www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/]

John Frith was turned over to Sir Stephen Pecocke, mayor of London, and the sheriffs of London by John Stokesley, bishop of London, to be burnt. 1563, p. 504; 1570, p. 1178; 1576, p. 1008; 1583, p. 1036.

(d. 1552)

Sheriff of Dorset. Alleged conspirator, second son of Sir John Arundell, knight-banneret of Lanherne [DNB]

John Hooper became steward in Arundell's household after leaving Oxford. Sir Thomas, learning of Hooper's heretical opinions, sent him to Stephen Gardiner but with instructions that Hooper was to be returned to Sir Thomas's household. 1570, p. 1674; 1576, p. 1429; 1583, pp. 1502-03.

(c. 1502 - 1552) [ODNB]

Administrator, convicted conspirator; beheaded Tower Hill

After the execution of Adam Damplip in Calais, John Butler and Daniel the curate were taken to England and imprisoned in the Marshalsea. They stayed there nine months and were accused of having retained Damplip by Sir John Gage, Sir John Baker and Sir Thomas Arundel. [NB: Sir John Gage is named as Sir George Gage in the 1576 and 1583 editions.] 1570, p. 1407; 1576, p. 1200; 1583, p. 1229.

Sir Ralph Fane and Sir Miles Partridge were hanged, and Sir Michael Stanhope and Sir Thomas Arundell beheaded, all at Tower Hill on 26 February 1552 for conspiring with the Duke of Somerset. 1570, p. 1552; 1576, p. 1323; 1583, p. 1373.

(1487/8 - 1544) [ODNB]

Attorney of the duchy of Lancaster; speaker of the House of Commons; lord chancellor (1533 - 44); baron Audley of Walden (1538 - 44)

Thomas Audley was elected speaker of the House of Commons in 1530. He was sent, with 30 other members of the House, to the king to complain of slurs cast upon them by the clergy when the Commons proposed a bill relating to probate. 1570, pp. 1130-31; 1576, p. 968; 1583, pp. 994-95.

Thomas Temys asked parliament to urge the king to take Queen Catherine back as his wife. The king replied via the speaker, Sir Thomas Audley. The king also had the speaker read in the Commons the two oaths taken by clergy, one to the pope and one to the king, to demonstrate that they were irreconcilable. 1563, p. 509; 1570, p. 1197; 1576, p. 1025; 1583, p. 1053.

After the deprivation of Sir Thomas More, Audley was made lord chancellor. 1563, p. 509; 1570, p. 1198; 1576, p. 1025; 1583, p. 1054.

John Chapman was imprisoned for five weeks, three of them in the stocks, but was released after an appeal to the lord chancellor, Lord Audley. 1563, p. 506; 1570, pp. 1179-80; 1576, pp. 1008-09; 1583, p. 1036.

Many were imprisoned in London in the inquisition following the setting up of the commission to enforce the Six Articles. They were released after Lord Audley had obtained pardons from the king. 1570, p. 1380; 1576, p. 1178; 1583, p. 1206.

Thomas Audeley discharged the men of Calais imprisoned in the Fleet and brought them the king's pardon, although they were deprived of their livings. 1563, p. 668; 1570, p. 1406; 1576, p. 1198; 1583, p. 1228.

(d. 1572)

JP, MP (1559). Auditor of Princess Elizabeth's household (1552 - 1558). Master of the Revels, (1560 - 1572) [Bindoff, Commons]

On 29 May 1555, the privy council ordered Sir Frances Englefield to search for papers concerning John Dee or Benger. 1583, pp. 1577-78.

On 5 June 1555 the privy council ordered that Cary, John Dee, John Field and Benger should be examined about their confessions concerning the practice of conjuring. 1583, p. 1581.

On 7 June the privy council ordered that Benger, Cary, Dee and Field be examined again about conjuring and witchcraft. 1583, p. 1581.

[NB: Benger was arrested for having asked John Dee to calculate the horoscopes of Philip, Mary and Elizabeth. He was released by the end of May 1555. His will reveals protestant sentiments, expressing his hope that he was one of the elect and denying the efficacy of good works (Bindoff, Commons)].

Brother of Sir John Brydges 1st Baron Chandos.

Lieutenant of the Tower.

Sir Thomas Brydges took part in a conversation-cum-debate, between Ridley and Feckenham, Sir John Bourne and others (1563, pp. 928-31; 1570, pp. 1589-91; 1576, pp. 1356-58; and 1583, pp. 1426-28).

Brydges is described by Foxe as the Lord's organ for saving princess Elizabeth. 1563, p. 1383, 1570, p. 1952, 1576, p. 1679, 1583, p. 1786.

Lord Williams, Lord Chandos, Sir Thomas Brydges and Sir John Browne arrived in Oxford, prior to Cranmer's martyrdom. 1563, p. 1478, 1570, p. 2063, 1576, p. 1780, 1583, p. 1885.

[Referred to by Foxe as 'Thomas of Bridges' or 'Sir Thomas Abridges'.]

Brother of Sir John Brydges 1st Baron Chandos.

Sir Thomas Brydges would succeed his brother John as Lieutenant of the Tower (DNB, sub Brydges, Sir John)

He took part in a conversation, cum debate, between Ridley and Feckenham, Sir John Bourne and others (1563, pp. 928-31; 1570, pp. 1589-91; 1576, pp. 1356-58; and 1583, pp. 1426-28).

Referred to by Foxe as 'Thomas of Bridges' or 'Sir Thomas Abridges'.

(d. 1559) [Fines]

of Bletchingley, Surrey; gentleman of the king's privy chamber; patron of humanists; frequented Anthony Pearson's sermons at Windsor 1540 - 43; worked for the release of Robert Bennett; pardoned by the king 1543; received the London congregation at his house in Mary's reign

Sir Thomas Cardine was persecuted with Robert Testwood, Henry Filmer and Anthony Pearson. 1570, p. 1386; 1576, p. 1182; 1583, p. 1211.

He was one of those reported to Stephen Gardiner by William Symonds and John London as a chief helper and supporter of Anthony Pearson. 1570, p. 1389; 1576, p. 1185; 1583, p. 1214.

Cardine was warned by Fulke, one of Katherine Parr's men, that Robert Ockham was carrying a report, including names of those secretly indicted, to be given to Stephen Gardiner. He kept Ockham occupied until the king had gone to Guildford. He and others on the privy council obtained a release from prison for Robert Bennett. He and others on the council had been secretly indicted under the Six Articles but were pardoned by the king. 1570, p. 1389; 1576, p. 1185; 1583, p. 1214.

(1521 - 1565) [ODNB]

Diplomat, administrator, writer; secretary to Sir Henry Knyvet

Clerk to the privy council (1545 - 51); fought at battle of Pinkie 1547; MP Lancaster 1547; MP Knaresborough 1554; ambassador to France, Germany, Flanders, Spain

Edmund Bonner appeared before the king's commissioners for the fourth time on 18 September, at which session new articles were drawn up and new witnesses received: Sir John Mason, Sir Thomas Chaloner, William Cecil, Armagil Wade and William Hunnings. 1563, pp. 704-710; 1570, pp. 1508-12; 1576, pp. 1279-81; 1583, pp. 1317-22.

William Paget, Andrew Baynton and Thomas Chaloner were deponents in the case of Stephen Gardiner. 1563, pp. 806-7, 814-18; 1570, p. 1536; 1576, p. 1309; 1583, p. 1359.

(c. 1485 - 1558) [ODNB; Bindoff]

Administrator, diplomat; sheriff of Kent (1515 - 16), JP Kent (1526 - 58); warden of the Cinque ports (1536 - 58); treasurer of the household (1539 - 58); MP Kent (1542 - 54, 1556 - 58)

Thomas Cheyne was a signatory to a letter of commission against Stephen Gardiner. 1563, p. 777.

Thomas Cheyne was one of the signatories to the proclamation against Edward Seymour calling for his removal. 1570, p. 1547; 1576, p. 1318; 1583, p. 1368.

(1482/87 - 1558)

Treasurer of the Household (1539 - 1558) (DNB)

One of the signatories of a letter of the Privy Council to Princess Mary dated 9 July 1553, stating that she was illegitimate and that Lady Jane Grey was Edward VI's true heir (1570, p. 1567; 1576, p. 1337; 1583, pp. 1406-7).

One of the signatories of a letter of the Privy Council to Bishop Bonner, dated 28 April 1555, ordering the bishop to initiate posthumous proceedings against John Tooley in ecclesiastical court (1563, p. 1142; 1570, p. 1757; 1576, p. 1500; 1583, p. 1584).

Also referred to as 'Cheney'

(1518/19 - 1604)

MP [1547, 1553, 1554, 1558], Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk (1552 - 1530, Comptroller of the Royal Household (1557 - 1558). (DNB; Bindoff

On 15 April 1555, Cornwallis was ordered by the Privy Council to interrogate William Flower and also to have Bishop Bonner and the Middlesex JPs initiate both religious and secular proceedings against William Flower. 1583, p. 1561.

Sentence against six martyred at Brentford was read by Darbyshire in the presence of Sir Edward Hastings and Sir Thomas Cornwallis. 1563, p. 1669, 1570, p. 2241, 1576, p. 1935, 1583, p. 2039.

The sheriff, Sir Thomas Cornwallis, made a bill against William Brown. 1570, p. 2268, 1576, p. 1958, 1583, p. 2065.

After Wyatt's rebellion, he went to see Elizabeth at Ashridge and found her to be unwell. 1563, p. 1711, 1570, p. 2288, 1576, p. 1982, 1583, p. 2091.

Foxe refers to his repair to London out of Essex with Clinton and others. 1563, p. 1707, 1570, p. 2301, 1576, p. 1992, 1583, p. 2101.

[A recusant in Elizabeth's reign (Bindoff).]

Sheriff of Devon (1531 - 32) [PRO List of Sheriffs]; prepared to burn Thomas Benet in Southernhay, but the mayor of Exeter made him use the normal place of execution [Fines sub Thomas Bennet]

Thomas Benet was handed over to Sir Thomas Dennis to be burnt. 1570, p. 1183; 1576, p. 1012; 1583, p. 1040.

(d. 1559) [ODNB]

Proctor in the court of Arches 1527; master of the Stationers' Company (1554 - 58)

Docwray was one of the defending lawyers at the trial of Stephen Gardiner. 1563, p. 794.

Prior of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem in January 1515, when he and the order granted a 99-year lease of Hampton Court to Thomas Wolsey, archbishop of York, for a rent of £50 a year [VCH, Middlesex, vol. 2 (1911), pp. 324-27]

Thomas Wolsey, having paid a large sum for the lease of Hampton Court, gave it to the king. 1570, p. 1122; 1576, p. 960; 1583, p. 987.

(d. 1563)

Military commander [DNB]

On 23-24 February Sir Thomas Finch and Justice Hardes sent for John Bland and his sureties to Finch's place. 1563, p. 1220, 1570, p. 1845, 1576, p. 1579, 1583, p. 1667.

(1513/14 - 1591) (DNB)

Sheriff of Staffordshire (1554 - 1555).

Sir Thomas Fitzherbert supported Thomas Parkinson's application to become an anchorite at Stow. He was unaware of Parkinson's marriage. 1563, p. 1681.

(c. 1460 - 1506) [ODNB]

Judge; chief justice of the common pleas 1502

Sir Thomas Frowyk informed Foxe that he had been counsel in a case of a deceased married deacon whose son claimed inheritance of a tenancy. Frowyk's opinion was that a priest's child could inherit. 1570, p. 1344; 1576, p. 1148; 1583, p. 1176.

Brother of George, James and Sir Lawrence Hall

Sir Thomas Hall received a letter from John Bradford which mentioned that Bradford had sent Hall an English and a Latin Testament and other books. 1583, p. 1660.

(1505/06 - 1558)

JP (1539 - 1558), MP (1545, 1553 and 1554), sheriff of Lancaster (1545 - 1556). Knight Marshall in charge of the Marshalsea prison (1556 - 1558). Of Vale Royal, Cheshire. (Bindoff)

Thomas Way would not let Sir Thomas Holcroft's servant put fetters on Edwin Sandys. 1583, p. 2088.

[Otherwise unknown.]

The last examination of Roger Holland was before Lord Strange, Sir Thomas Jarret, Master Eagleston, Bonner, and others. 1570, pp. 2239-40, 1576, pp. 1934-35, 1583, pp. 2041-44.

(by 1492 - 1558/59)

JP, MP (1542, 1547, 1558). Sheriff of Pembrokeshire (1540 - 1541, 1548 - 1549). Sheriff of Carmarthenshire (1542 - 1543). Sheriff of Cardiganshire (1543 - 1544). Member of the Council of the Marches [Bindoff, Commons]. Father of Richard Jones.

Sir Thomas Jones was involved in the dispute over the vicarage of Penbryn. 1563, pp. 1089 and 1094-95; 1583, pp. 1547 and 1551.

He complained to Robert Ferrar that Thomas ap Richard conducted a marriage without reading the banns. 1563, pp. 1089 and 1095; 1583, pp. 1547 and 1551.

Robert Ferrar married Sir Thomas's daughter Elinor to Griffith Rice; there were charges that the ceremony was irregular. 1563, pp. 1086 and 1090; 1583, pp. 1545, 1548 and 1551.

[Foxe calls him Thomas 'Joanes']

Of Hyde Hall, Hertfordshire and High Roding, Essex (DNB, sub 'Joscelyn, John')

In Bonner's retinue when the Bishop conducted his visitation of Hertfordshire and Essex in 1554. Inadvertently struck by Bonner, who was trying to strike Edmund Brygott, the parson of Much Hadham, Hertfordshire. Jested about Bonner's sanity to Feckenham, who tried to apologise for the Bishop (1570, p. 1645; 1576, p. 1403-40 [recte 1404]; 1583, p. 1474).

Sir Thomas's son John was Matthew Parker's secretary and probably was also one of Foxe's sources for this incident.

Also referred to as Sir Thomas Josselin.

MP (1547, 1553, 1555, 1558, 1559); Sheriff of Essex and Herts (1558 - 1559). Older brother of Sir Walter Mildmay [Bindoff, Commons]

Sir Thomas Mildmay was one of the commissioners who examined Thomas Wattes on 26 April 1555. The commissioners sent Wattes to Bishop Bonner on 27 April to be tried for heresy. 1563, pp. 1162-63 and 1165-66; 1570, pp. 1769-70; 1576, p. 1511; 1583, pp. 1594-95

John Derifall was called before Lord Rich and Master Mildmay.1563, p. 1523, 1570, p. 2096, 1576, p. 1808, 1583, p. 1914.

[Sir Thomas was described by Bishop Grindal of London in 1564 as 'indifferent in religion' (Hasler, Commons)].

(1478 - 1535)

Chancellor of England and author. (DNB)

On 14 February 1555 Creswell, an old acqauintance of Bradford's, went to visit Bradford in prison. He offered to make suit for Bradford. He returned later, at 11 o'clock, with another man and gave Bradford a book by Thomas More, desiring him to read it. He told Bradford that the lords of York, Lincoln and Bath wished to speak with him. 1563, p. 1200, 1570, pp. 1790-91, 1576, p. 1529, 1583, pp. 1612-13 .

The deaths of Northumberland and Thomas More are referred to in the description of the death of Cranmer. 1563, p. 1499, 1570, p. 2064, 1576, p. 1781, 1583, p. 1885.

Sir Thomas More met with a bloody death on Tower Hill. 1570, p. 2300, 1576, p. 1992, 1583, p. 2101.

Frith's confutation of the writings of Sir Thomas More caused many to seek Frith's destruction. 1583, p. 2126.

(1478 - 1535) [ODNB]

Humanist, author. Studied at Oxford (1492 - 94); Lincoln Inn (1496 - 1501/2); joined king's council 1518; royal secretary (1521 - 26); lord chancellor (1529 - 32); strong opponent of heresy; martyr

Both Sir Thomas More and William Tyndale related the story of how Humphrey of Lancaster proved the miracle of the blind man regaining his sight at St Albans to be fraudulant. 1563, p. 883.

Thomas Cromwell, Thomas More and Stephen Gardiner served together in Thomas Wolsey's household. 1563, p. 592; 1570, p. 1347; 1576, p. 1150; 1583, p. 1178.

Thomas Wolsey, having obtained large sums from the king's treasury, went to the French court to contribute to the ransom of Clement VII, hiring soldiers and furnishing the French army. He took with him Cuthbert Tunstall, William Sandys, the earl of Derby, Sir Henry Guildford and Sir Thomas More. 1563, p. 439; 1570, p. 1123; 1576, p. 962; 1583, p. 988.

More became chancellor after Thomas Wolsey was deprived of office. 1570, p. 1130; 1576, p. 968; 1583, p. 994.

Thomas Phillips was handed over by Sir Thomas More to Bishop Stokesley in 1530. As well as holding heretical opinions, Phillips was charged with having a copy of William Tracy's will and butter and cheese during Lent. He was examined by More and Stokesley. 1570, p. 1185; 1576, p. 1014; 1583, p. 1042.

More was prevented from persecuting Simon Fish because the king had given him his signet, but he sent for Fish's wife to appear before him. She was saved from molestation because her daughter was ill with plague. 1570, p. 448; 1570, p. 1153; 1576, p. 987; 1583, p. 1014.

More wrote The Supplication of Purgatory in opposition to Simon Fish's Supplication for the Beggars. 1570, p. 1156; 1576, p. 990; 1583, p. 1017.

More intercepted and confiscated a consignment of protestant books sent to England by Richard Bayfield. 1563, p. 486; 1570, p. 1162; 1576, p. 994; 1583, p. 1022.

About four days before Bayfield was arrested, a boy of Colchester was charged in London with bringing books to him. The boy was imprisoned by Sir Thomas More and died there. 1570, p. 1189; 1576, p. 1017; 1583, p. 1046.

More examined John Tewkesbury, and sentence was pronounced in More's house. 1563, p. 493; 1570, p. 1167; 1576, p. 998; 1583, p. 1026.

More pursued John Frith in England and abroad and promised large rewards for news of him. 1563, p. 498; 1570, p. 1174; 1576, p. 1004; 1583, p. 1032.

John Fisher and More had Frith burnt. 1570, p. 1216; 1576, p. 1042; 1583, p. 1068.

When the king heard of the exhumation and burning of William Tracy's corpse, he angrily sent for Sir Thomas More. More blamed the now deceased archbishop of Canterbury, but was fined three hundred pounds to have his pardon. 1570, p. 1186; 1576, p. 1015; 1583, p. 1042.

Bishop Stokesley complained to More of the behaviour of his clergy in objecting to contributing large sums to the lifting of the praemunire on the higher clergy. More had the mayor of London arrest and imprison a number of clergy and laymen. 1570, p. 1196; 1576, p. 1024; 1583, p. 1052.

The king sent More to speak to parliament, giving the opinion of the universities on the validity of the king's marriage to Catherine. 1563, p. 459.

Because More opposed the king's separation from the pope, he was deprived of the chancellorship. 1570, p. 1198; 1576, p. 1025; 1583, p. 1054.

William Tyndale mentioned the martyr Thomas Hitten in his Apology against Sir Thomas More and in The Practice of Prelates. 1570, p. 1134; 1576, p. 971; 1583, pp. 997-98.

In the preface to his book against Tyndale, More gave evidence that Thomas Bilney had recanted before his burning. 1570, p. 1146; 1576, p. 981; 1583, p. 1008.

John Fisher, Sir Thomas More and Nicholas Wilson refused to swear an oath on the king's supremacy and were imprisoned in the Tower. Fisher and More were executed. 1570, pp. 1200, 1216; 1576, pp. 1028, 1042; 1583, pp. 1056, 1068.

(no later than 1500 - 1560)

Of Gray's Inn, London. Justice of the Peace (1537 until his death). Sheriff of Kent (1556 - 1557). Member of Heresy Commission 1552 and 1556. [Hasler] Speaker of the House of Commons. [DNB, Bindoff]

Bland was transferred to the castle of Canterbury at the commandment of Thomas Moyle, where he was imprisoned for ten weeks. 1563, p. 1220, 1570, p. 1845, 1576, p. 1579, 1583, p. 1667.

Complaints about Richard Turner's sermons were made to Sir John Baker, Sir Christopher Hales, Sir Thomas Moyle. 1570, p. 2043, 1576, p. 1762, 1583, p. 1869.

Morrice got Moyle to hear one of Turner's sermons in Easter week, his rehearsal sermon in his parish at Westwell. Moyle heard him before noon and after noon on the Wednesday and approved. 1570, p. 2043, 1576, p. 1762, 1583, p. 1869.

Moyle appealed for Turner's release. 1570, p. 2044, 1576, p. 1763, 1583, p. 1869.

William Foster was apprehended and imprisoned by Sir Thomas Moyle. 1563, p. 1547, 1570, p. 2140, 1576, p. 1861, 1583, p. 1954.

Master Moyle, justice of Kent, set Richard Yeoman in the stocks at Fulham. 1563, p. 1698, 1570, p. 2244, 1576, p. 1938, 1583, p. 2046.

(no later than 1500 - 1560)

Of Gray's Inn, London. Justice of the Peace (1537 until his death). Sheriff of Kent (1556 - 1557). Member of Heresy Commission 1552 and 1556. [Hasler]

William Foster was apprehended and imprisoned by Sir Thomas Moyle. 1563, p. 1547, 1570, p. 2140, 1576, p. 1861, 1583, p. 1954.

(d. 1553) (DNB)

Sir Thomas Palmer was put in the Tower with Northumberland, 25 July 1553 (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1394; 1583, p. 1465).

He was arraigned and condemned at Westminster, 19 August 1553 (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1395; 1583, p. 1465).

He heard mass in the Tower, 21 August 1553. Palmer was beheaded 22 August 1553 (1570, p. 1634; 1576, p. 1395; 1583, p. 1465).

(post 1496 - 1553) [ODNB]

Soldier and conspirator; chief porter of Calais 1526; imprisoned with Viscount Lisle in 1540; known protestant

Influenced by Sir Thomas Palmer and John Rokewood, Lady Lisle encouraged her husband to turn against the protestants in Calais. 1563, p. 658; 1570, p. 1401; 1576, p. 1195; 1583, p. 1224.

Sir Thomas Palmer and John Rokewood wrote letters to the privy council against heresy being preached in Calais. 1563, pp. 660-61; 1570, p. 1401; 1576, p. 1195; 1583, p. 1224.

Sir Thomas Palmer was one of the Calais councillors who persecuted the protestants there. All of those councillors eventually were imprisoned or died miserably. 1563, p. 668; 1570, p. 1406; 1576, p. 1199; 1583, p. 1228.

Mayor of London (1530 - 31) [www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/NR/]

Bishop Stokesley complained to More of the behaviour of his clergy in objecting to contributing large sums to the lifting of the praemunire on the higher clergy. More had Pargeter, the mayor of London, arrest and imprison a number of clergy and laymen. 1570, p. 1196; 1576, p. 1024; 1583, p. 1052.

(after 1502 - 1537) [ODNB sub Thomas Percy, 7th earl of Northumberland]

Rebel

Sir Thomas Percy and other rebels were executed in 1537. 1570, p. 1239; 1576, p. 1061; 1583, p. 1087.

(1507? - 1559)

Founder of Trinity College, Oxford. Privy Councillor (before 1544 -1548 and 1553-59). Sheriff of Essex and Hertfordshire (1552 and 1557). (DNB; Bindoff)

Thomas Pope was one of the recipients of the proclamation from Philip and Mary authorising the persecution of protestants. 1563, p. 1561, 1570, p. 2155, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1974[incorrectly numbered 1970].

The day before George Tankerfield went to St Albans, a schoolmaster retained by Sir Thomas Pope attempted to persuade Tankerfield on a number of doctrinal points. 1583, p. 1690.

Pope was appointed to go with Elizabeth after her release. 1570, p. 2295, 1576, p. 1987, 1583, p. 2294.

(1508? - 1549)

Lord Seymour of Sudeley [DNB]

Sir Thomas Seymour spoke against Cranmer to the king, which he later regretted. 1570, p. 2039, 1576, p. 1758, 1583, p. 1865.

Richard Neville, noting that Sir Thomas Seymour was hoping to see Cranmer, brought him to the archbishop at dinner. 1570, p. 2039, 1576, p. 1758, 1583, p. 1865.

(1513 - 1577)

Author of De republica Anglorum (DNB)

Cited to appear before the Queen's Commissioners on 27 August 1553 (1570, p. 1635; 1576, p. 1395; 1583, p. 1465).

Author of a prayer for the health of Queen Mary and her conceived child printed by Foxe (1563, pp. 1016-17; 1570, p. 1654; 1576, p. 1410; 1583, p. 1481). [NB: Smith is only identified as the author in the 1563 edition].

(1513 - 1577)

Statesman and scholar. Author of De republica Anglorum (DNB)

Sir Thomas Smith was provost of Eton when Robert Smith was in his service. 1563, p. 1252, 1570, p. 1870, 1576, p. 1601, 1583, p. 1691.

Actions were taken by Stephen Gardiner against Thomas Smith. 1563, p. 1382, 1570, p. 1951, 1576, p. 1679, 1583, p. 1785.

He was cited to appear before the queen?s commissioners on 27 August 1553 (1570, p. 1635; 1576, p. 1395; 1583, p. 1465).

He was the author of a prayer for the health of Queen Mary and her conceived child printed by Foxe (1563, pp. 1016-17; 1570, p. 1654; 1576, p. 1410; 1583, p. 1481). [NB: Smith is only identified as the author in the 1563 edition].

(1513 - 1577) [ODNB; Bindoff]

Scholar, diplomat, political theorist

BA Cambridge 1530; MA 1532; LLD, DCL 1542; regius professor of civil law (1540 - c. 1543); clerk to the privy council 1547; MP Marlborough 1547; MP Grampound 1553; MP Liverpool 1559; MP Essex 1571, 1572

Secretary of state (1548 - 49, 1572 - 77); privy councillor (1571 - 77); lord privy seal 1573

Stephen Gardiner was released out of the Fleet by a general pardon, but was placed under house arrest for failure to conform. Nicholas Ridley, Thomas Smith and William Cecil were sent to him. He was called before the council. 1563, p. 755; 1570, pp. 1525-26; 1576, p. 1301; 1583, p. 1351.

Sir Thomas Smith, Richard Whalley and Thomas Fisher were imprisoned with Edward Seymour in the Tower. 1570, p. 1548; 1576, p. 1320; 1583, p. 1370.

Thomas Cranmer, archbishop of Canterbury, Nicholas Ridley, bishop of Rochester, Sir William Petre, Sir Thomas Smith and William May, dean of St Paul's, were commissioned to examine Edmund Bonner. 1563, p. 697; 1570, p. 1504; 1576, p. 1275; 1583, p. 1312.

Bonner was summoned to appear before the commissioners. He behaved haughtily, ridiculing his accusers and the commissioners, and spoke in favour of the mass. He appeared first on 10 September 1549 before Thomas Cranmer, Nicholas Ridley, Sir William Petre and William May. Sir Thomas Smith was absent. 1563, pp. 698-99; 1570, pp. 1504-06; 1576, pp. 1275-77; 1583, pp. 1312-14.

Bonner appeared for the second time on 13 September before Thomas Cranmer, Nicholas Ridley, Sir William Petre, Sir Thomas Smith and William May and was further examined. 1563, pp. 699-704; 1570, pp. 1506-08; 1576, pp. 1277-79; 1583, pp. 1314-17.

Bonner appeared for the third time on 16 September before Thomas Cranmer, Nicholas Ridley, Sir Thomas Smith and William May to answer the articles put to him at the previous session. John Hooper and William Latymer also appeared in order to purge themselves against the slanders of Bonner. 1563, pp. 704-709; 1570, pp. 1508-11; 1576, pp. 1279-80; 1583, pp. 1317-22.

At Bonner's fourth appearance before the commissioners, he complained that Sir Thomas Smith had acted independently and had told the actuary what to write. 1563, pp. 709-10; 1570, p. 1511; 1576, p. 1281; 1583, p. 1322.

Bonner appeared for the fifth time before the commissioners on 20 September. He presented a written recusation of Sir Thomas Smith's judgement against him, which Smith answered. Bonner made his first appellation to the king. As a result of his behaviour during the proceedings, especially towards Sir Thomas Smith, Bonner was committed to the Marshalsea. 1563, pp. 713-717; 1570, pp. 1513-16; 1576, pp. 1282-85; 1583, pp. 1324-26.

Bonner appeared for the sixth time before the commissioners on 23 September, when he presented a general recusation against all the commissioners and a second appellation to the king. A letter was read from Bonner to the mayor of London, Henry Amcottes, and aldermen. 1563, pp. 717-18; 1570, p. 1516; 1576, p. 1285; 1583, pp. 1326-27.

Sir Thomas Smith was a deponent in the case of Stephen Gardiner. 1563, pp. 808, 827-28.

(1508 - 1551) [Bindoff]

Courtier; JP Somerset (1532 - death); sheriff of Somerset and Dorset (1539 - 40, 1549 - 50); MP Somerset (1539, 1545)

Thomas Speke was appointed to assist Sir John Russell in the west at the time of the Western Rising. 1570, p. 1499; 1576, p. 1271; 1583, p. 1307.

(d. 1559)

Grand prior of the order of St John in England. [DNB]

Sir Thomas Tresham was a witness against Cranmer. 1570, p. 2056, 1576, p. 1772, 1583, p. 1879.

Shipper, the bursar, invited Palmer to dinner. Unbeknown to Palmer, the other guests included Friar John, Richard Smith and Dr Tresham. 1570, p. 2119 [no names given other than the friar's], 1576, p. 1842, 1583, p. 1936.

(1492 - 1567) [DNB]

Lord Mayor of London (1553 - 1554) and founder of St John's College, Oxford [DNB].

When Sir Thomas White heard a report that Hugh Weston had publicly proclaimed, at Wyatt's execution, that Elizabeth and Edward Courtenay were guilty of complicity in Wyatt's rebellion, he declared that Weston was a knave (1570, p. 1587; 1576, p. 1355; and 1583, p. 1425).

White was commanded to bring one Cut, an apprentice accused of stating that Wyatt had cleared Elizabeth of complicity in his rebellion, to the Star Chamber. There White witnessed Stephen Gardiner's speech denouncing Elizabeth and Courtenay for conspiring with Wyatt; he also heard Lord Chandos, the Lieutenant of the Tower, testify that Wyatt, before his execution, had begged Courtenay to admit his guilt (1570, p. 1588; 1576, p. 1355; 1583, p. 1425).

[NB: White himself was probably the source for all of these stories. There is certainly some measure of verification for them: Wyatt had visited Courtenay before his execution and Lord Chandos was present (although there are differing accounts of what was said) - see J. G. Nichols, (ed.), The Chronicle of Queen Jane and of two years of Queen Mary, (London, 1850) Camden Society Original series 48, pp. 72-73. One Richard Cutt, a grocer's apprentice, and one Thomas Pender were placed in the pillory on 20 April 1554 for saying that Wyatt had cleared Elizabeth (Corporation of London Record Office, Repertory 13, fol. 153r and The Chronicle of Queen Jane, p. 75)].

White was presumably present at Bourne's sermon at Paul's Cross on 13 August 1553, as he commanded the crowd to behave themselves, although they ignored him. 1563, p. 1173, 1570, p. 1780 , 1576, p. 1520 , 1583, p. 1604.

'The Maior & Sherifs did lead Bourne to the schoolmasters house, which is next to [the] pulpit' after the sermon mentioned above. 1563, p. 1173, 1570, p. 1780, 1576, p. 1520, 1583, p. 1604.

White may have given the commandment for Bradford to be burned at four o'clock in the morning, a rumour which caused a multitude to gather at Smithfield at that hour. 1563, p. 1175, 1570, p. 1780, 1576, p. 1520, 1583, p. 1604.

(by 1514 - 1572)

Of Waxham and Great Yarmouth, Norfolk. MP for Great Yarmouth (1558, 1559). Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk (1553 - 1554, 1563 - 1564). (Bindoff)

Noyes was condemned by the bishop of Norwich before Dunning, Sir William Woodhouse, Sir Thomas Woodhouse, George Heyden, Master Spense, W. Farrar (alderman), Master Thurston, Winesden and others. 1570, p. 2217, 1576, p. 1913, 1583, p. 2021.

(1521? - 1554) (DNB)

Sir Thomas Wyatt was the king's ambassador to the emperor before Sir Henry Knyvet. Wyatt's servant William Wolfe was taken on by Knyvet as steward of his household. 1583, p. 1786.

In 1554 Sir Thomas Wyatt led a rebellion in Kent against Mary, provoked by fear that Mary's marriage to Philip would 'bring upon this Realme most miserable and establish popish religion'. The duke of Norfolk was sent against Wyatt but Norfolk's followers deserted and he retreated.

Wyatt advanced on London in February 1554. Wyatt could not gain entry into London and was resisted and apprehended at the Temple Bar. Wyatt was executed. Foxe promises to relate a story about the removal of Wyatt's head from the spike on Hay Hill where it was displayed, but he never did (1563, pp. 916-17; 1570, pp. 1579-80; 1576, pp. 1347-48; and 1583, pp. 1418-19).

In 1570 et seq. Foxe prints an account of Mary's oration - there is an earlier, different version of this speech in 1563, pp. 1730-31 - at the London Guildhall denouncing Wyatt. Foxe's marginal notes to this speech, in 1570 et seq., defend Wyatt against Mary's charge that Wyatt looted Southwark (1570, p. 1580; 1576, p. 1348; and 1583, p. 1418).

Foxe states that Wyatt, at his own request, spoke with Edward Courtenay on the day of his execution and, before the Lieutenant of the Tower, got down on his knees and begged forgiveness of Courtenay for having falsely accused both him and Elizabeth of involvement in his rebellion (1570, p. 1587; 1576, p. 1355; 1583, p. 1425). [It is reported elsewhere that Wyatt did speak with Courtenay on the day of his execution, but what they said is not known; see J. G. Nichols, (ed.), The Chronicle of Queen Jane and of two years of Queen Mary, (London, 1850) Camden Society Original series 48, pp. 72-73].

Wyatt also allegedly proclaimed from the scaffold that Elizabeth and Courtenay were innocent of any complicity in his crimes, but Hugh Weston who was also standing on the scaffold cried out to the crowd that Wyatt had confessed otherwise to the Privy Council (1570, p. 1587; 1576, p. 1355; and 1583, p. 1425).

Sir Martin Bowes informed Sir Thomas White that he had heard a report circulating at Westminster, that Wyatt had urged Courtenay to confess the truth (1570, pp. 1587- 88; 1576, p. 1355; and 1583, p. 1425).

During the Star Chamber trial of one Cut, who was charged with sedition for claiming that Wyatt (on the scaffold) had cleared Elizabeth and Courtenay of any complicity in his rebellion, Sir John Brydges, who was present at Wyatt's interview with Courtenay, claimed that Wyatt begged Courtenay to confess the truth and seek the Queen's mercy (1570, p. 1588; 1576, p. 1355; and 1583, pp. 1425-26).

Foxe declares that he will pass over Wyatt's rebellion, as it has been dealt with in more detail elsewhere (1570, p. 1637; 1576, p. 1397; 1583, p. 1467).

The execution of Wyatt on 11 April, and his statement that neither Elizabeth or Courtenay were involved in his conspiracy (1563, p. 1001; 1570, p. 1639; 1576, p. 1397; 1583, p. 1467).

Elizabeth was suspected of being involved in Wyatt's rebellion. 1563, p. 1711, 1570, p. 2288, 1576, p. 1982, 1583, p. 2091.

(c. 1503 - 1542) [ODNB]

Poet and ambassador; studied at Cambridge; imprisoned in the Tower in 1536; sheriff of Kent 1536; ambassador to Charles V (1537 - 40); again imprisoned in the Tower in 1541, released; MP Kent 1541

After the Act of Supremacy, Henry VIII attempted to improve relations with other monarchs by sending ambassadors. Sir Thomas Wyatt was sent to Emperor Charles V. 1570, p. 1218; 1576, p. 1043; 1583, p. 1070.

Thomas Cromwell wrote to Edmund Bonner and to Thomas Wyatt while they were in France in 1538. 1570, p. 1241; 1576, p. 1063; 1583, p. 1089.

(1520/21 - 1589) [ODNB]

Royal financial administrator; founder of Emmanuel College, Cambridge

Admitted to Gray's Inn 1546; MP Lostwithiel 1545; auditor for life of crown lands north of the Trent; responsibility for distribution of chantry properties

Sir Walter's servant, Berry, was murdered by Yorkshire rebels in 1549. 1570, p. 1500; 1576, p. 1272; 1583, p. 1309.

of Buckinghamshire

Alice Doly visited his house and made disparaging remarks about the images there. 1570, p. 1118; 1576, p. 957; 1583, p. 984.

Sheriff of Oxfordshire and Berkshire (November 1542 - November 1543) [PRO List of Sheriffs]

Some said it was through the suit of Sir William Barrantyne and Sir Humphrey Foster to John Capon, bishop of Salisbury, that a pardon was obtained for John Marbeck in Windsor in 1543. 1570, p. 1397; 1576, p. 1191; 1583, p. 1220.

Sir William Barrantyne and Sir Humphrey Foster later told the king that their involvement in the deaths of Filmer, Pearson and Testwood had been against their consciences. 1570, p. 1399; 1576, p. 1193; 1583, p. 1221.

(1514? - 1546?) [Appears as Blount, courtier in Bindoff, Commons]

Sir William Blunt met with Sir Henry Knyvet and Stephen Gardiner at a council at Ratisbone. 1583, p. 1786.

He was told of Knyvet's meeting with Ludovico by Knyvet. 1583, pp. 1786-87.

(d. 1545)

Physician to Henry VIII [DNB

Dr Buttes, the king's physician, housed Latimer while he was preaching in London. 1563, p. 1309, 1570, pp. 1905-06, 1576, p. 1632, 1583, p. 1738.

Latimer was offered the benefice of West Kinton, Wiltshire, through the suit of Dr Buttes and Lord Cromwell. 1563, p. 1309, 1570, pp. 1905-06, 1576, p. 1632, 1583, p. 1738.

Latimer was made bishop of Worcester, assisted by Cromwell and Buttes. 1570, p. 1907, 1576, p. 1632, 1583, p. 1738.

Buttes, the king's physician, spoke to the king about the fact that Cranmer was being forced to wait like a lackey to come into council. 1570, p. 2041, 1576, p. 1760, 1583, p. 1866.

A letter was written to Denny and Buttes by Morrice. Morrice was Turner's patron. 1570, pp. 2043-44, 1576, pp. 1762-63, 1583, pp. 1868-70.

Buttes made suit to the king for Turner's release; he was retained as a loyal subject. 1570, p. 2045, 1576, p. 1763, 1583, p. 1870.

(1482? - 1528) [ODNB]

Courtier; friend of Henry VIII; groom of the stool (1510 - 26); was enriched through royal service

Amongst the grievances against the clergy expressed in the 1530 parliament, Sir Henry Guildford complained that he and other executors of the will of Sir William Compton had to pay a thousand marks for probate to Cardinal Wolsey and the archbishop of Canterbury. 1570, p. 1131; 1576, p. 968; 1583, p. 995.

(1514 - 1575)

Of West Wycombe, Buckinghamshire. Father of Jane Dormer, duchess of Feria. (Bindoff)

Sir William Dormer entertained Elizabeth at his house. 1563, p. 1715, 1570, p. 2294, 1576, p. 1986, 1583, p. 2292.

(c. 1470 - 1548) [Bindoff]

of Lambourn, Berkshire; JP Berkshire (1502 - 48); Sheriff of Oxfordshire and Berkshire (1590 - 10, 1518 - 19, 1524 - 25, 1540 - 41); councillor 'for matter in law' 1526; on a special commission to try the Windsor Martyrs 1543

Sir William Essex was one of the persecutors of Robert Testwood, Henry Filmer and Anthony Pearson. 1570, p. 1386; 1576, p. 1182; 1583, p. 1211.

The judges of John Marbeck, Henry Filmer, Anthony Pearson and Robert Testwood at Windsor were John Capon, Sir William Essex, Thomas Brydges, Sir Humphrey Foster, William Franklyn and Thomas Vachell. 1570, p. 1396; 1576, p. 1191; 1583, p. 1219.

(1526 - 1599)

Sir William Fitzwilliam was Keeper of the King's Bench in Mary's reign; later Lord Deputy of Ireland [DNB]

Laurence Saunders sent commendations to Fitzwilliam and his wife via Lucy Harrington. 1570, p. 1673; 1576, p. 1428; 1583, p. 1501.

In a letter to John Careless, John Philpot sent special greetings to 'Master Marshal' and his wife and expressed his appreciation for the kindness shown to him. 1570, p. 2004; 1576, p. 1726; 1583, pp. 1833

John Careless' first examination was before Sir William Fitzwilliam and others. 1563, pp. 1529-35, 1570, pp. 2101-02, 1576, pp. 1813-14, 1583, pp. 1919-20.

(by 1505/06 - 1558)

Bailiff of Boulogne (1544 - 1551). Sheriff of Cornwall (1549 - 1550). JP (1554 - 1570). MP (1539, 1553). Of Goldophin, Cornwall. (Bindoff)

Robert Farrer, haberdasher of London, had two daughters, one of whom was delivered to Sir Roger Cholmley for a sum of money, to be at his commandment, the other sold to Sir William Godolphin, who took her to Boulogne as his lackey, dressed in men's clothing. 1570, p. 2296, 1576, p. 1988, 1583, p. 2294.

(1506/7 - 1570) [ODNB]

1st earl of Pembroke (1551 - 70); soldier and magnate; Katherine Parr's brother-in-law; MP Wiltshire 1547

Sir William Herbert was appointed to assist Sir John Russell in the west at the time of the Western Rising. 1570, p. 1499; 1576, p. 1271; 1583, p. 1307.

When John Russell replied to the lord protector's request for troops to combat the nobles conspiring against him, Russell said that he and William Herbert both hoped for a reconciliation between the two sides. 1570, p. 1546; 1576, p. 1318; 1583, p. 1368.

After Edmund Bonner was sentenced to prison and deprived of his bishopric, the king appointed Lord Rich, Henry marquess of Dorset, Thomas Goodrich, Lord Wentworth, Sir Anthony Wingfield, Sir William Herbert, Nicholas Wotton, Edward Montague, Sir John Baker, Judge Hales, John Gosnold, John Oliver and Griffith Leyson to examine his documents. They confirmed the sentence against him. 1563, p. 725; 1570, p. 1519; 1576, pp. 1287-88; 1583, p. 1330.

After Stephen Gardiner had been in the Tower for nearly a year, Sir William Paulet and Sir William Petre, the earl of Warwick and Sir William Herbert delivered the king's letters to him. 1563, pp. 761-62, 766; 1570, pp. 1529-30, 1533; 1576, pp. 1304, 1306; 1583, pp. 1354, 1356.

When Sir William Herbert and Sir William Petre went to Stephen Gardiner in the Tower with new articles, they took with them a canon and a civil lawyer: Nicholas Ridley and Richard Goodrich. 1563, p. 768; 1570, p. 1534; 1576, p. 1307; 1583, p. 1357.

Herbert was a deponent in the case of Stephen Gardiner. 1563, pp. 825-26.

(1471? - 1542)) [ODNB]

Master of Mercers' Company 1529; sheriff of London 1527; lord mayor of London (1539 - 40); religious conservative

Sir William Holles, present at the sermon of Robert Barnes in which he recanted and then preached contrary to the recantation, asked Stephen Gardiner whether he should have him arrested. 1570, p. 1372; 1576, p. 1170; 1583, p. 1198.

(c. 1476 - 1540 [ODNB; Bindoff]

Courtier and administrator; captain of the guard, constable of the Tower of London (1524 - 40); privy councillor by 1533; comptroller of the king's household (1539 - 40); MP Gloucestershire (1529, 1539)

Sir William Kingston was sent to Sheffield Castle to take Thomas Wolsey to the Tower. Wolsey was ill, and Sir William treated him gently and made the journey in easy stages. Wolsey died at Leicester Abbey. 1570, p. 1133; 1576, p. 970; 1583, p. 996.

Kingston spoke in favour of the Act of Six Articles in parliament and against Thomas Broke. 1563, p. 660.

Letters were sent to Kingston, among others, accusing Thomas Broke, Ralph Hare, James Cocke and James Barber of Calais of heresy. 1563, p. 661; 1570, p. 1402; 1576, p. 1195; 1583, p. 1224.

(1501 - 1568)

JP, MP (1554), Sheriff of Lancs., (1554 - 1555) [Bindoff, Commons] JP Cheshire (1555) [SP11/5, no. 6]

Sir William Norris interrogated George Marsh at Lathom House. 1570, p. 1732; 1576, p. 1479; 1583, p. 1562.

[NB: Norris was a committed catholic recusant in Elizabeth's reign; see Christopher Haigh, Reformation and Resistance in Tudor Lancashire (Cambridge, 1975), pp. 250-51].

(by 1506 - 1563 )

Lord Paget of Beaudesert (1549). Lord Privy Seal (1556 - 1558). MP (unknown constituency - 1529), Middlesex (1545), Staffordshire (1547). Secretary to Jane Seymour and Anne of Cleves (1537 and 1540). High Steward of Cambridge University (1547 - 1553). [Bindoff; DNB]

William Paget accompanied Queen Mary to Westminster Abbey for her coronation (1570, p. 1635; 1576, p. 1395; 1583, p. 1466).

He signed a royal dispensation of 5 August 1550 which permitted Hooper to be consecrated without having to wear vestments (1563, p. 1050; 1570, p. 1676; 1576, p. 1403 [recte 1430]; 1583, p. 1504).

On 7 November 1554, he was sent as an ambassador 'I know not whither, but it was thought to be to escort Pole to England', (1570, p. 1645; 1576, p. 1403; 1583, pp. 1473-74).

He was one of John Roger's examiners on 22 January 1555 (1563, pp. 1023-26; 1570, pp. 1657-59;1576, pp. 1414-15; 1583, pp. 1484-86).

Lord Paget delivered Stephen Gardiner to Bonner. 1563, p. 1383, 1570, p. 1952, 1576, p. 1679, 1583, p. 1786.

Cheke had safe passage from King Philip, with Lord Paget and Sir John Mas securing their safety. 1570, p. 2141, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1955.

Having seen Paget safely off to England, Carew and Cheke were taken en route between Brussels and Antwerp. 1570, p. 2141, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1955.

John Mason warned Richard Bertie and his wife Katherine that Lord Paget was on his way under a false pretence and that the duke of Brunswick was nearby in the service of the house of Austria against the French king. 1570, p. 2285, 1576, p. 1972, 1583, p. 2078.

(1505? - 1572)

Mary's principal secretary until 1557 [DNB]

Sir William Petre was one of the signatories of a letter from the privy council to Princess Mary, dated 9 July 1553, declaring that she was illegitimate and that Lady Jane Grey was Edward VI's true heir (1570, p. 1658; 1576, p. 1337; 1583, pp. 1406-7).

He was present at Gardiner's sermon, 30 September 1554. Foxe spells his name 'Peter', (1570, p. 1644; 1576, p. 1402; 1583, p. 1473).

On 28 March 1555, Mary announced to Petre and three other privy councillors that she was restoring the monastic lands in the crown's possession to the church. 1570, p. 1729; 1576, p. 1476; 1583, p. 1559.

William Peter was one of the privy councillors who signed a letter to Bishop Bonner, dated 28 April 1555, ordering the bishop to proceed posthumously against John Tooley in ecclesiastical court. 1563, p. 1142; 1570, p. 1757; 1576, p. 1500; 1583, p. 1584.

A declaration was made at Paul's Cross by William Chedsey at Bonner's commandment. He mentioned two letters: one from the queen and another from the privy council. The council letter was about procession and prayer at the agreement of peace between England and France. The signatories were: Francis Shrewsbury, Penbroke, Thomas Cheyny, William Peter, Thomas Wharton and Richard Southwell. Foxe suggests that he had seen the letter. 1563, p. 1217.

Sir William Petre was humble before Elizabeth at Hampton court. 1563, p. 1715, 1570, p. 2294, 1576, p. 1986, 1583, p. 2291.

[Also referred to as 'Secretary Peter']

(1505? - 1572)

Mary's principal secretary until 1557 (DNB).

Sir William Petre was one of the signatories of a letter from the privy council to Princess Mary, dated 9 July 1553, declaring that she was illegitimate and that Lady Jane Grey was Edward VI's true heir (1570, p. 1658; 1576, p. 1337; 1583, pp. 1406-7).

He was present at Gardiner's sermon, 30 September 1554. Foxe spells his name 'Peter', (1570, p. 1644; 1576, p. 1402; 1583, p. 1473).

On 28 March 1555, Mary announced to Petre and three other privy councillors that she was restoring the monastic lands in the crown's possession to the church (1570, p. 1729; 1576, p. 1476; 1583, p. 1559).

William Peter was one of the privy councillors who signed a letter to Bishop Bonner, dated 28 April 1555, ordering the bishop to proceed posthumously against John Tooley in ecclesiastical court. 1563, p. 1142; 1570, p. 1757; 1576, p. 1500; 1583, p. 1584.

A declaration was made at Paul's Cross by William Chedsey at Bonner's commandment. He mentioned two letters: one from the queen and another from the privy council. The council letter was about procession and prayer at the agreement of peace between England and France. The signatories were: Francis Shrewsbury, Penbroke, Thomas Cheyny, William Peter, Thomas Wharton and Richard Southwell. Foxe suggests that he had seen the letter. 1563, p. 1217.

Sir William Petre was humble before Elizabeth at Hampton court. 1563, p. 1715, 1570, p. 2294, 1576, p. 1986, 1583, p. 2291.

[Also referred to as 'Secretary Peter']

(1505/6 - 1572) [ODNB]

Administrator; BCL Oxford 1526, BCanL 1526, DCL 1533

Privy councillor 1544; principal secretary to Edward VI

William Petre was a signatory to a letter to the king's commissioners relating Bishop Bonner's recantation of his protestation. 1570, p. 1502; 1576, p. 1273; 1583, p. 1310.

William Petre was a signatory to a letter from the council to the bishops, instructing them to administer communion in two kinds. 1570, p. 1491; 1576, p. 1264; 1583, p. 1301.

Thomas Cranmer, archbishop of Canterbury, Nicholas Ridley, bishop of Rochester, Sir William Petre, Sir Thomas Smith and William May, dean of St Paul's, were commissioned to examine Edmund Bonner. 1563, p. 697; 1570, p. 1504; 1576, p. 1275; 1583, p. 1312.

Bonner was summoned to appear before the commissioners. He behaved haughtily, ridiculing his accusers and the commissioners, and spoke in favour of the mass. He appeared first on 10 September 1549 before Thomas Cranmer, Nicholas Ridley, Sir William Petre and William May. Sir Thomas Smith was absent. 1563, pp. 698-99; 1570, pp. 1504-06; 1576, pp. 1275-77; 1583, pp. 1312-14.

Bonner appeared for the second time on 13 September before Thomas Cranmer, Nicholas Ridley, Sir William Petre, Sir Thomas Smith and William May and was further examined. 1563, pp. 699-704; 1570, pp. 1506-08; 1576, pp. 1277-79; 1583, pp. 1314-17.

The king sent Richard Lord Rich, Sir Anthony Wingfield and Sir William Petre to his sister, Lady Mary, to ensure she and her household complied with the new laws on religion. 1576, pp. 1296-97; 1583, pp. 1338-39.

Edward Seymour sent William Petre with a message to the lords opposing him, who kept Petre with them awaiting a reply. 1570, p. 1546; 1576, p. 1318; 1583, p. 1368.

William Petre was one of the signatories to the proclamation against Edward Seymour calling for his removal. 1570, p. 1547; 1576, p. 1318; 1583, p. 1368.

He was one of the signatories to the letter to the lord mayor and common council of London from the lords opposing Edward Seymour. 1570, p. 1547; 1576, p. 1319; 1583, p. 1369.

Edward Seymour, John Russell, John Dudley and Sir William Petre visited Stephen Gardiner in the Tower at various times to attempt to get him to accept the king's reforms. 1563, pp. 766; 1570, p. 1532; 1576, p. 1306; 1583, p. 1356.

After Gardiner had been in the Tower for nearly a year, Sir William Paulet and Sir William Petre visited and urged him to admit his fault. Paulet, Petre, the earl of Warwick and Sir William Herbert delivered the king's letters to him. 1563, pp. 761-62; 1570, pp. 1529-30; 1576, p. 1304; 1583, p. 1354.

When Sir William Herbert and Sir William Petre went to Stephen Gardiner in the Tower with new articles, they took with them a canon and a civil lawyer: Nicholas Ridley and Richard Goodrich. 1563, p. 768; 1570, p. 1534; 1576, p. 1307; 1583, p. 1357.

After Gardiner's sequestration, Thomas Cranmer, Nicholas Ridley, Thomas Goodrich, Henry Holbeach, Sir William Petre, Sir James Hales, Griffith Leyson, John Oliver and John Gosnold were commissioned to examine him. 1563, p. 776; 1570, p. 1535; 1576, p. 1309; 1583, p. 1358.

(1498? - 1557)

Chief Justice of King's and Queen's Bench; JP (nine counties) 1555 [SP11/5, no. 6, Bindoff, Commons]

Sir William Portman sought to persuade Sir James Hales to submit to Gardiner and abjure his actions, if not his religious convictions. 1563, p. 1116; 1570, p. 1719; 1576, p. 1458; 1583, p. 1532.

JP Oxfordshire (1555) [SP11/5, no. 6]

Julins Palmer's second examination on 10 July 1556 (15 July in 1583) at Newbury was before Dr Geffre, John Winchcomb, esquire, Sir Richard Abridges, Sir William Rainsford [in 1576 and 1583], and the parson of Englefield. 1570, pp. 2121-23, 1576, pp. 1844-46,1583, pp. 1938-40.

(1508? - 1565)

Judge and author. Exile at Louvain (1547 - 1553). Sergeant at Law (1555 - 1558). Commissioner of the inquisition into heresy (1556 - 1557). Puisne judge in the Queen's Bench (1558 - 1563). Exile at Louvain (1563 - 1565). Edited Sir Thomas More's complete works in English. (DNB)

William Rastal was one of the recipients of the proclamation from Philip and Mary authorising the persecution of protestants. 1563, p. 1561, 1570, p. 2155, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1974[incorrectly numbered 1970].

[Son of John Rastell and nephew of Sir Thomas More.]

(1518? - 1565?)

MP for Somerset (1559), Derbyshire (1563). Keeper of the horse to Edward VI (1553). Gentleman attendant to princess Elizabeth; captain of the guard by 1558; chief butler, England and Wales (1559); JP Somerset (from 1559), Derbyshire (from 1561). (Hasler)

St Loe employed John Hooper briefly, c 1539. 1570, p. 1675; 1576, p. 1429; 1583, p. 1503.

One of Elizabeth's gentlemen, he was committed to Queen Mary's Master of the Horse as a prisoner (1570, p. 1638; 1576, p. 1397; 1583, p. 1468).

He was released from the Tower on 18 January 1555 (1570, p. 1655; 1576, p. 1412; 1583, p. 1482).

[Foxe does not say so, but St Loe had been arrested and eventually sent to the Tower accused of being the link between Elizabeth and Wyatt (Hasler, Commons)].

Sir William St Loe was called before the privy council at around the same time as Elizabeth was imprisoned in the Tower. 1563, p. 1712, 1570, p. 2289, 1576, p. 1982, 1583, p. 2091.

[Also referred to as 'Sir William Sentlow']

(1518? - 1565?)

MP for Somerset (1559), Derbyshire (1563). Keeper of the horse to Edward VI (1553). Gentleman attendant to princess Elizabeth; captain of the guard by 1558; chief butler, England and Wales (1559); JP Somerset (from 1559), Derbyshire (from 1561). (Hasler)

St Loe employed John Hooper briefly, c 1539. 1570, p. 1675; 1576, p. 1429; 1583, p. 1503.

One of Elizabeth's gentlemen, he was committed to Queen Mary's Master of the Horse as a prisoner (1570, p. 1638; 1576, p. 1397; 1583, p. 1468).

He was released from the Tower on 18 January 1555 (1570, p. 1655; 1576, p. 1412; 1583, p. 1482).

[Foxe does not say so, but St Loe had been arrested and eventually sent to the Tower accused of being the link between Elizabeth and Wyatt (Hasler, Commons)].

Sir William St Loe was called before the privy council at around the same time as Elizabeth was imprisoned in the Tower. 1563, p. 1712, 1570, p. 2289, 1576, p. 1982, 1583, p. 2091.

[Also referred to as 'Sir William Sentlow']

(by 1517 - 1564)

Of Hickling, Norfolk. MP (1545, 1547, 1553, 1558, 1559, 1572) Dunwich, Suffolk. Master of naval ordinance (1542 - 1552). Lieutenant admiral (1552 - 1564). (Bindoff)

Noyes was condemned by the bishop of Norwich before Dunning, Sir W. Woodhouse, Sir Thomas Woodhouse, George Heyden, Master Spense, W. Farrar (alderman), Master Thurston, Winesden and others. 1570, p. 2217, 1576, p. 1913, 1583, p. 2021.

Sir William Woodhouse was a member of the council who suspected Elizabeth of involvement in Wyatt's rebellion. 1563, p. 1712, 1570, p. 2289, 1576, p. 1982, 1583, p. 2091.

Thomas Rose's second examination was before Hopton, W. Woodhouse, Dr Barret and others. 1570, p. 1978, 1576, pp. 1978-79, 1583, p. 2084.

(d. 399) [Kelly]

Pope (384 - 99)

Siricius opposed clerical marriage. 1563, p. 4; 1570, p. 1330; 1576, p. 1134; 1583, p. 1163.

He wrote to the priests of Spain, admonishing them for retaining their wives. 1570, p. 1317; 1576, p. 1127; 1583, p. 1152.

(d. c. 125) [Kelly]

Pope (c. 116 - c. 125)

Foxe discounts epistles attributed to him. 1570, p. 77; 1576, p. 52; 1583, p. 52.

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 62; 1576, p. 38; 1583, p. 38.

(d.258) [Kelly]

Pope (257 - 58); martyred: beheaded at Rome

Sixtus was martyred with his deacons. 1570, p. 101; 1576, p. 71; 1583, p. 71.

(d. 440) [Kelly]

Pope (432 - 40)

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1563, p. 9; 1570, p. 87; 1576, p. 60; 1583, p. 60.

(1414 - 1484) [Kelly]

Franciscan; lectured in theology and philosophy at Padua, Bologna, Pavia, Siena and Florence; general of the order 1464; cardinal of S. Pietro in Vincoli 1467

Pope (1471 - 84)

The indulgences granted to the guild of our Lady in Boston by Nicholas V, Pius II and Sixtus IV and Leo X were renewed by Clement. 1570, p. 1347; 1576, p. 1150; 1583, p. 1178.

Freewiller. [Fines]

John Careless received a letter from John Bradford which mentioned Skelthrop. 1570, p. 1827, 1576, p. 1563, 1583, p. 1645.

A resident of Shoreditch, Skinner testified to Thomas Tomkins' godly life and character. 1570, p. 1710; 1576, p. 1459; 1583, p. 1533.

(fl. late C6) [ODNB sub Kings of the East Saxons]

King of the East Saxons late C6

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 151; 1576, p. 112; 1583, p. 111.

Dean of Worcester. Warden of All Souls' College, Oxford.

Slethurst died after Queen Mary. 1570, p. 2301, 1576, p. 1992, 1583, p. 2102.

[NB: No one of that name was either dean of Worcester or warden of All Souls'. The nearest is Thomas Slythurst (1510? - 1559) who was a canon of Windsor. (Fasti; Foster; Emden)

Swordbearer. Of London.

Smart was the messenger who delivered the news that Thomas Fairfax and Richard Wilmot were ordered to appear before the lord mayor. 1563, p. 1683, 1570, p. 2260, 1576, p. 1951, 1583, p. 2058.

[Possibly Gerard Smart, alias Harvey (by 1520 - 1554 or later). Of Thurston, Bedfordshire. Brother-in-law to Sir John Williams, who was MP for Bedford (1547). (See Bindoff.)]

Mayor of Cambridge.

The queen's commission to Cambridge sent a writ to Smith for the burning of Bucer and Phagius. 1563, p. 1541, 1570, p. 2145, 1576, p. 1866, 1583, p. 1958.

Under-commissary.

Smith was a witness against Cranmer. 1570, p. 2056, 1576, p. 1772, 1583, p. 1879.

[Probably the same person as the Smith, described as clerk of the privy council, who attended John Hooper's deprivation and who called Hooper a beast. 1563, pp. 1054-55, 1570, pp. 1678-79, 1576, pp. 1432-33, 1583, p. 1506.]

A clerk of the privy council [Foxe calls him this in the text, but no one of that name was a privy council clerk in the period.]

Smith was present at John Hooper's deprivation; he called Hooper a beast. 1563, pp. 1054-55; 1570, pp. 1678-79; 1576, pp. 1432-33; 1583, p. 1506.

[Probably the same as the Smith, described as under-commisary, who was a witness against Cranmer. 1570, p. 2056; 1576, p. 1772; 1583, p. 1879.]

Martyr. Of Bedale, Yorkshire

Snell was accused of heresy and condemned by Dr Dakins. 1570, [unnumbered sheet at beginning of volume 1], 1576, 2008, 1583, p. 2150.

He was burned at Richmond, Yorkshire. [Foxe does not say what year.] 1570, [unnumbered sheet at beginning of volume 1], 1576, 2008, 1583, p. 2150.

C5 Greek Christian church historian; continued the history of Eusebius of Caesarea

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, pp. 62, 77, 113; 1576, pp. 44, 53, 81; 1583, pp. 44, 53, 80.

Legendary martyr under Hadrian; died after her three daughters Faith, Hope and Love, were martyred

She is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 66; 1576, p. 41; 1583, p. 41.

(497 - 406 BCE); Greek tragedian

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 138, 1576, p. 100, 1583, p. 99.

(d. c. 174;) [Kelly]

Pope (c. 166 - c. 174)

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, pp. 62, 78; 1576, pp. 38, 53; 1583, pp. 38, 53.

Friar in Perth c. 1543

Spense preached the necessity of prayer to saints and was publicly challenged by Robert Lambe. 1570, p. 1443; 1576, p. 1230; 1583, pp. 1266-67.

Hugh Latimer, in Oxford in 1554, turned and ran rather than gaze at a religious procession led by Hugh Weston. He ran as far as ?one Spensers shop? (1563, p. 936; 1570, 1633, 1576, 1393; 1583, 1464).

[NB: This has been identified as a shop belonging to William Spenser the elder, a prosperous Oxford cordwainer who held several properties in the centre of Oxford. See Carl I. Hammer, ?The Oxford Martyrs in Oxford; The Local History of their Confinements and their Keepers?, Journal of Ecclesiastical History 50 (1999), p. 237].

C4 bishop of Cyprus [Catholic Encyclopedia sub Cyprus]

Spiridion was said to have advocated the eating of meat during Lent. 1563, p. 4

Spiridion had a wife and children. 1570, p. 1319; 1576, p. 1128; 1583, p. 1154.

Protestant. Confessional ally of Thomas and John Brice.

Thomas Brice came home from Wesel with his elder brother John to their father's house and intended to warn Springfield of the danger nearly upon him, when they themselves came close to capture. Servants at an inn allowed them to escape through a secret passage and take a barge out of town. Springfield successfully avoided capture also. 1570, p. 2287, 1576, p. 1974 [incorrectly numbered as 1938], 1583, p. 2081.

Bishop Bonner's sergeant.

Richard Bertie appeared before Bonner and his sergeant Stampford. 1570, p. 2283, 1576, p. 1971, 1583, p. 2078.

Stampford gave a friendly report of Bertie. 1570, p. 2283, 1576, p. 1971, 1583, p. 2078.

(1504 - 1579) [Shapers of Religious Traditions in Germany, Switzerland and Poland, 1560 - 1600, ed. Jill Raitt (New Haven, London; 1981)]

b. Cracow of German parents; BA Cracow 1520; studied law and theology at Padua and Bologna; DCnCL Bologna 1534. Royal secretary 1538; bishop of Culm 1549; bishop of Ermland (1551 - 79). Strong opponent of protestantism.

He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 2, 1576, p. 2, 1583, p. 2.

Legendary son of Symphorissa; martyr

Statteus was racked and run through with spears. 1570, p. 69; 1576, p. 46; 1583, pp. 45-46.

(by 1522-1562)

JP, MP (1555), Sheriff of Radnorshire (1555-6) (Bindoff, Commons)

Stephen ap Rhys was one of the JPs of Radnorshire who suppressed a riotous assembly opposing Stephen Green's collation to the prebend of Llanbister. 1563, p. 1086; 1583, p. 1545.

Foxe calls him 'Stephen ap Rice'.

Appes was committed to the Tower on 3 May 1555. The lieutenant of the Tower reported that he was mad and on 16 May 1555, the privy council ordered William Paulet to examine Appes and, if he was mad, to commit him to Bedlam. 1583, p. 1577.

On 28 March 1555 Stephen Bech, Dr Pendleton and Master Colier visited John Bradford in the Counter. 1563, p. 1213, 1570, p. 1802, 1576, p. 1537, 1583, p. 1620.

On 5 April, Bech visited Bradford and spoke unkindly to him, even though he had hitherto appeared to be friendly to him. 1570, p. 1802, 1576, p. 1537, 1583, p. 1620.

Martyr. Occupation unknown.

Articles were ministered against Stephen Cotton by Thomas Darbyshire on 22 June 1558. 1563, p. 1669, 1570, p. 2241, 1576, p. 1935, 1583, p. 2039.

Cotton gave answers to the articles. 1563, p. 1669, 1570, p. 2241, 1576, p. 1935, 1583, p. 2039.

He appeared before Darbyshire on 11 July 1558. 1563, p. 1669, 1570, p. 2241, 1576, p. 1935, 1583, p. 2039.

The sentence was read by Darbyshire in the presence of Edward Hastings and Thomas Cornwallis. 1563, p. 1669, 1570, p. 2241, 1576, p. 1935, 1583, p. 2039.

Cotton was burned at Brentford on 14 July 1558. 1563, p. 1669, 1570, p. 2241, 1576, p. 1935, 1583, p. 2039.

He wrote a letter to his brother. 1563, pp. 1688-89, 1570, p. 2264, 1576, p. 1555, 1583, p. 2062.

(c. 1495x8 - 1555) [ODNB]

Theologian, administrator; BCnL Cambridge 1518; DCL 1521; DCnL 1522; chancellor of Cambridge

Principal secretary to the king 1529; ambassador to France

Bishop of Winchester (1531 - 51, 1553 - 55)

Thomas Cromwell, Thomas More and Stephen Gardiner served together in Thomas Wolsey's household. 1563, p. 592; 1570, p. 1347; 1576, p. 1150; 1583, p. 1178.

Gardiner and Edward Fox urged leniency on Cardinal Wolsey when dealing with Robert Barnes. They stood surety for him and convinced him to abjure. 1563, pp. 601-02; 1570, pp. 1364-65; 1576, pp. 1164-65; 1583, pp. 1192-93.

Stephen Gardiner was sent as ambassador to Rome by Henry VIII during the time of Clement VII to deal with the matter of the king's divorce and to promote Thomas Wolsey as pope. Both the king and Wolsey wrote letters to him. 1570, pp. 1125-28, 1193; 1576, pp. 963-66, 1021; 1583, pp. 990-92, 1049.

Shortly after Gardiner became secretary to King Henry, he and William Fitzwilliam were assigned by the king to ensure that Thomas Wolsey's goods were not stolen after his deprivation of his offices, but returned to the king. 1570, p. 1130; 1576, p. 967; 1583, p. 994.

Richard Bayfield was tried before John Stokesley, assisted by Stephen Gardiner and others. 1563, p. 484; 1570, p. 1161; 1576, p. 993; 1583, p. 1021.

John Frith was taken first to the archbishop of Canterbury at Lambeth, then to the bishop of Winchester at Croydon, and then to London to plead his case before the assembled bishops. He was examined there by the bishops of London, Winchester and Lincoln. 1563, pp. 501-03; 1570, pp. 1176-78; 1576, pp. 1006-08; 1583, pp. 1034-35.

Andrew Hewett was examined by Stokesley, Gardiner and Longland. 1563, p. 506; 1570, p. 1180; 1576, p. 1009; 1583, p. 1036.

The archbishop of Canterbury (Cranmer), along with the bishops of London (Stokesley), Winchester (Gardiner), Bath and Wells (Clerk) and Lincoln (Longland) and other clergy went to see Queen Catherine. She failed to attend when summoned over 15 days, and they pronounced that she and the king were divorced. 1570, p. 1200; 1576, p. 1027; 1583, p. 1055.

Gardiner swore an oath of allegiance to Henry VIII as head of the church. 1570, p. 1203; 1576, p. 1030; 1583, p. 1057.

In his De vera obedientia, Gardiner challenged the authority of the pope and argued against the validity of the king's marriage to Catherine of Aragon. 1570, pp. 1204-06; 1576, pp. 1031-32; 1583, pp. 1058-59.

Gardiner was one of the subscribers to the Bishops' Book. 1570, p. 1211; 1576, p. 1037; 1583, p. 1064.

Gardiner was sent with a Henry VIII's answer to Francis I, king of France, regarding Henry's supremacy over the English church. 1570, p. 1221; 1576, p. 1045; 1583, p. 1072.

Gardiner was suspected of involvement in the downfall of Anne Boleyn, and urged the king to disinherit Elizabeth. 1570, pp. 1233, 1243; 1576, p. 1056; 1583, pp. 1082, 1083.

Gardiner was a resident ambassador to France in 1538, when Edmund Bonner, through the efforts of Thomas Cromwell, was brought in to replace him. There were great disagreements between the two, since Bonner at the time was in favour of reform. 1570, p. 1239; 1576, p. 1061; 1583, p. 1088.

The bearward who had a book belonging to Archbishop Cranmer's secretary intended giving it to Sir Anthony Browne or Stephen Gardiner. 1570, p. 1356; 1576, p. 1157; 1583, p. 1186.

In a letter to Henry VIII, Philip Melancthon called Gardiner wicked and impudent. 1570, p. 1341; 1576, p. 1145; 1583, p. 1173.

Bonner sent a declaration to Cromwell of Stephen Gardiner's evil behaviour. 1570, pp. 1241-44; 1576, pp. 1063-66; 1583, pp. 1090-92.

Gardiner urged Henry VIII to withdraw his defence of religious reform in order to ensure peace within the realm and to restore good relations with foreign rulers. 1570, pp. 1296; 1576, p. 1109; 1583, p. 1135.

Stephen Gardiner urged Henry VIII to use the case against John Lambert as a means of displaying the king's willingness to deal harshly with heresy. 1563, pp. 533-34; 1570, p. 1281; 1576, p. 1095; 1583, pp. 1121-22.

Cranmer had sent letters for Henry VIII to sign relating to reform in the church. Gardiner convinced the king that these reforms would jeopardise a league with the king of France and the emperor, so the letters were never signed. 1570, p. 1426; 1576, p. 1215; 1583, p. 1245.

Gardiner disputed with Lambert during his trial. 1563, pp. 535-36; 1570, pp. 1282-83; 1576, p. 1097; 1583, p. 1123.

Stephen Gardiner was Thomas Cromwell's chief opponent. 1563, p. 598; 1570, p. 1359; 1576, p. 1160; 1583, p. 1189.

Stephen Gardiner complained to the king about the sermon of Robert Barnes preached during Lent at Paul's Cross. He disputed with Barnes, and Richard Coxe and Thomas Robinson acted as arbiters. Gardiner then submitted articles against Barnes. 1570, p. 1371; 1576, pp. 1169-70; 1583, p. 1198.

Adam Damplip was brought before Thomas Cranmer, Stephen Gardiner, Richard Sampson and others and examined. 1563, p. 657; 1570, p. 1401; 1576, p. 1194; 1583, p. 1224.

Thomas Broke, Ralph Hare, James Cocke and James Barber were sent from Calais with their accusers to England to be examined by Cranmer, Gardiner, Sampson and other bishops. 1563, p. 661; 1570, p. 1401; 1576, p. 1195; 1583, p. 1224.

William Symonds and John London kept notes of Anthony Pearson's sermons at Windsor. They included the names of all those who frequented the sermons and reported all of these to Stephen Gardiner, who in turn reported to the king and received a commission for a search at Windsor. 1570, pp. 1389-90; 1576, p. 1185; 1583, pp. 1213-14.

Gardiner had Simon Haynes and Philip Hoby committed to the Fleet, but their friends secured their release. 1570, p. 1390; 1576, p. 1186; 1583, p. 1214.

Gardiner conducted the third examination of John Marbeck himself. He ordered Marbeck to be placed in irons and kept in isolation. 1570, pp. 1391-92; 1576, pp. 1186-88; 1583, pp. 1215-16.

On the orders of Stephen Gardiner, John Massie took Adam Damplip to Calais. 1570, p. 1400; 1576, p. 1193; 1583, p. 1223.

John Capon and others of the judges in the trial of Marbeck, Testwood, Pearson and Filmer at Windsor sent a message to Stephen Gardiner in favour of John Marbeck. Gardiner went straight to the king and obtained a pardon. 1570, p. 1397; 1576, p. 1191; 1583, p. 1220.

After the burning of Filmer, Pearsons and Testwood, Capon sent Robert Ockham with a report to Stephen Gardiner. 1570, p. 1398; 1576, p. 1191; 1583, p. 1221.

Gardiner was one of the questioners at the second examination of Anne Askew in 1546. 1563, p. 683; 1570, p. 1417; 1576, p. 1208; 1583, p. 1237.

Katherine Parr read and studied the scriptures and discussed them with her chaplains. The king was aware of this and approved, so she began to debate matters of religion with him. When the king became more ill-tempered because of his sore leg, her enemies, especially Stephen Gardiner and Thomas Wriothesley, took the opportunity to turn the king against her. 1570, pp. 1422-23; 1576, pp. 1212-13; 1583, pp. 1242-43.

Gardiner and other enemies of Katherine Parr planned to accuse and arrest Lady Herbert, Lady Lane and Lady Tyrwhit and search their quarters for books and other evidence to use against the queen. 1570, p. 1423; 1576, p. 1213; 1583, p. 1243.

During Henry VIII's final illness, Sir Anthony Browne tried unsuccessfully to get Stephen Gardiner reinstated in the king's will. 1570, p. 1478; 1576, p. 1253; 1583, p. 1291.

After the death of Henry VIII, the duke of Suffolk related to Thomas Cranmer how Stephen Gardiner had nearly been arrested at the time of the execution of Germaine Gardiner. He confessed his fault to the king and was pardoned. 1570, p. 1477; 1576, p. 1253; 1583, p. 1290.

Stephen Gardiner preached a sermon contrary to King Edward's injunctions. He was arrested and taken to the Tower by Sir Anthony Wingfield and Sir Ralph Sadler; Sadler and William Hunnings were instructed to seal off doors to his house. He was transferred to the Fleet. 1563, pp. 728, 760; 1570, pp. 1521, 1529; 1576, pp. 1297, 1304; 1583, pp. 1340, 1353-54.

Gardiner wrote to Thomas Cranmer, Nicholas Ridley, the Lord Protector and others while imprisoned in the Fleet. 1563, pp. 728-54; 1570, pp. 1522-25; 1576, pp. 1297-1300; 1583, pp. 1340-50.

Gardiner was released out of the Fleet by a general pardon, but was placed under house arrest for failure to conform. Nicholas Ridley, Thomas Smith and William Cecil were sent to him. He was called before the council. 1563, p. 755; 1570, pp. 1525-26; 1576, p. 1301; 1583, p. 1351.

Gardiner was imprisoned in the Tower with Cuthbert Tunstall under Edward VI and Edward Seymour. 1563, p. 685; 1570, p. 1486; 1576, p. 1260; 1583, p. 1296.

After Gardiner had been in the Tower for nearly a year, Sir William Paulet and Sir William Petre visited and urged him to admit his fault. Paulet, Petre, the earl of Warwick and Sir William Herbert delivered the king's letters to him. 1563, pp. 761-62; 1570, pp. 1529-30; 1576, p. 1304; 1583, p. 1354.

Edward Seymour, John Russell, John Dudley and Sir William Petre visited Stephen Gardiner in the Tower at various times to attempt to get him to accept the king's reforms. 1563, pp. 766; 1570, p. 1532; 1576, p. 1306; 1583, p. 1356.

Articles were put to him to answer. 1563, pp. 754-68; 1570, pp. 1525-34; 1576, pp. 1300-07; 1583, pp. 1350-57.

When Sir William Herbert and Sir William Petre went to Stephen Gardiner in the Tower with new articles, they took with them a canon and a civil lawyer: Nicholas Ridley and Richard Goodrich. 1563, p. 768; 1570, p. 1534; 1576, p. 1307; 1583, p. 1357.

After Gardiner's sequestration, Thomas Cranmer, Nicholas Ridley, Thomas Goodrich, Henry Holbeach, Sir William Petre, Sir James Hales, Griffith Leyson, John Oliver and John Gosnold were commissioned to examine him. 1563, p. 776; 1570, p. 1535; 1576, p. 1309; 1583, p. 1358.

William Paget, Andrew Baynton and Thomas Chaloner were deponents in the case of Gardiner. 1563, pp. 814-18; 1570, p. 1536; 1576, p. 1309; 1583, p. 1359.

Gardiner was examined and deprived of his bishopric. 1563, pp. 814-67; 1570, pp. 1536-37; 1576, pp. 1309-10; 1583, pp. 1359-60.

Glover. Of Rayleigh, Essex.

Glover was one of 18 men and 4 women indicted for heresy in Colchester.1563, p. 1566 [recte 1578].

Stephen Glover was charged with heresy and delivered to John Kingston and then to Bonner. 1570, p. 2159, 1576, p. 1865, 1583, p. 1974.

He wrote a confession of faith and signed a submission agreeing to catholic teaching on the eucharist. 1570, p. 2159, 1576, p. 1865, 1583, p. 1974.

[Not related to the Warwickshire Glovers.]

(d. 1557)

Martyr. Of Brighton, Sussex.

Stephen Gratwick was condemned by the bishop of Winchester and the bishop of Rochester. 1570, p. 2161, 1576, p. 1867, 1583, p. 1976.

He appealed to his own bishop without success. 1570, p. 2162, 1576, p. 1867, 1583, p. 1976.

Dr White would not be swayed by the truth of Gratwick's argument. 1570, p. 2162, 1576, p. 1867, 1583, p. 1976.

False articles were brought against him when Gratwick appeared before the false bishop. 1570, p. 2162, 1576, p. 1867, 1583, p. 1976.

Foxe includes Gratwick's own declaration concerning his condemnation. 1570, pp. 2162-64, 1576, pp. 1867-69, 1583, pp. 1976-78.

Gratwick was burned at St George's-fields in the latter half of May 1557. 1570, p. 2164., 1576, p. 1870, 1583, p. 1978.

[One of a group of freewillers who received a letter from Robert Gibson. In this letter, dated 20 June 1556, Gibson defended the orthodoxy of his trinitarian convictions, as well as his newly discovered predestinarian theology. (ECL 260, fo.72r). In a letter to Mrs Lounford, Gratwick extolled predestinarianism (BL, Add.Ms.19400, fos.82r-83r).]

(1509? - 1559)

Chaplain to Robert Ferrar; canon of St. David's

Green was collated by Robert Ferrar to the prebend of Llanbister (Brecon College). Ferrar's right to do this was disputed and the previous farmers of the benefice collected several hundred men to challenge Green's occupancy. A hundred of these men were arrested. 1563, pp. 1085-86 and 1090; 1583, pp. 1545 and 1548.

Ferrar leased Ramsey Island (or Bishop's Isle) to Green despite the objections of the vicar's choral of St David's who claimed that they previously held the lease. 1563, pp. 1086 and 1091; 1583, pp. 1545 and 1548-49.

[NB: Green was a staunch supporter of Robert Ferrar during the bishop's struggles with his chapter. Because he was married he was deprived of all of his benefices in 1554 and fled overseas to Emden. He was restored to his livings on Elizabeth's accession, but died soon after in 1559. See Andrew J. Brown, Robert Ferrar (London, 1997), pp. 111, 156-58, 180-81, 227 and 308 n. 147.]

Of unknown occupation. Of Ipswich, Suffolk.

Stephen Greenwich fled Ipswich for fear of persecution. 1576, p. 1981, 1583, p. 2089.

Of unknown occupation. Of Ipswich.

Stephen Grinleff's servant John was said by Philip Williams, John Steward and Matthew Butler not to have taken the sacrament. 1576, p. 1981, 1583, p. 2089.

(d. 257) [Kelly]

Pope (254 - 57); he had disagreements with Cyprian of Carthage

Stephen was archdeacon under his predecessor, Pope Cornelius. 1570, p. 94, 1576, p. 66, 1583, p. 65.

Foxe refutes the authenticity of letters ascribed to Stephen. 1570, p. 96, 1576, p. 67, 1583, p. 67.

Stephen opposed the rebaptism of those baptised by heretics; in this he disagreed with Cyprian of Carthage. 1570, p. 101, 1576, p. 71, 1583, p. 71.

(d. 757) [Kelly]

Pope (752 - 57); travelled to Gaul to obtain help from Pippin the Short against the Lombards; anointed Pippin, his wife and his sons

In gratitude for Stephen's anointing, Pippin granted the exarchate of Ravenna and other areas of Italy to the see of Rome. 1570, p. 173; 1576, p. 131; 1583, p. 130.

(c. 720 - 772) [Kelly]

The layman antipope Constantine II was deposed in 768

Pope (768 - 72); in conflict with the Lombard king Desiderius

Stephen decreed that henceforward no layman should be pope. He condemned the iconoclast seventh Council of Constantinople as heretical. Stephen called on Charlemagne for help against the Lombards. 1570, p. 174; 1576, p. 131; 1583, p. 130.

(d. 817) [Kelly]

Pope (816 - 17) Crowned Louis the Pious at Reims in 816

Stephen was elected in Rome and sent notice of his election to Louis the Pious. 1570, p. 6; 1576, p. 5; 1583, p. 5.

He was elected by the clergy and people, with the consent of the emperor. 1563, pp. 2, 10.

(d. 1557)

Of unknown occupation. Martyr. Of Norgate, Kent.

Stephen Kemp was one of ten martyrs imprisoned in Canterbury and condemned by Richard Thornden and Nicholas Harpsfield. 1563, p. 1561, 1570, p. 2154, 1576, p. 1861, 1583, p. 1974 [incorrectly numbered as 1970].

He was burned at Canterbury 15 January 1557. 1563, p. 1561, 1570, p. 2155, 1576, p. 1861, 1583, p. 1974 [incorrectly numbered as 1970].

(d. 1555)

Barber; martyr

Foxe mentions that Stephen Knight was examined by Bishop Bonner on 8 February 1555; he was condemned by Bonner on 9 February 1555. 1570, p. 1705; 1576, p. 1456; 1583, p. 1529.

Articles were objected against Knight on 8 February 1555. 1563, pp. 1111-12; 1570, p. 1720; 1576, pp. 1468-69; 1583, p. 1542. Answers to these articles: 1563, p. 1112; 1570, p. 1720; 1576, p. 1469; 1583, pp. 1542-43.

Knight, examined by Bonner on 9 February 1555, refused to recant. 1563, p. 1112; 1570, pp. 1720-21; 1576, p. 1469; 1583, p. 1543. He was condemned by Bonner on 9 February and sent to Newgate. 1563, p. 1112; 1570, p. 1721; 1576, p. 1469; 1583, p. 1543.

He was taken to Malden, Essex, and executed there on 28 March 1555. He said a prayer at the stake which Foxe reprints. 1563, pp. 1112-13; 1570, p. 1721; 1576, p. 1469; 1583, p. 1543.

Bonner asked Thomas Hawkes if he knew Stephen Knight or William Pygot; Hawkes replied that he knew Knight but not Pygot (1563, p. 1148; 1570, p. 1758; 1576, p. 1500 [recte 1502]; 1583, p. 1586).

(c. 1150 - 1228) [ODNB]

b. England; lectured in theology at Paris; cardinal 1206; archbishop of Canterbury (1207 - 28); the appointment was opposed by King John; long conflict with the king

Pope Innocent III appointed Stephen Langton archbishop of Canterbury against the will of King John. 1563, p. 446; 1570, p. 1154; 1576, p. 988; 1583, p. 1015.

Foxe says that in Stephen Langton's time priests were allowed to have wives and that their wives and children had the right to inherit property. 1570, p. 1335; 1576, p. 1138; 1583, p. 1167.

Protestant who recanted and reported on protestants and protestant activity in London.

Foxe recounts Morris's activities in monitoring protestants in London. 1563, p. 1605.

Stephen Morris's confession listed Master Laurence of Barnhall, John Barry, his servant and John Jeffrey (Laurence's brother-in-law) as being protestants in London, all of whom resided at an alehouse in Cornhill, owned by John Dudman. 1563, p. 1652, 1570, p. 2230, 1576, p. 1926, 1583, p. 2033.

Stephen Morris's confession listed Robert Coles and his wife, John Ledley and his wife, and William Punt as being protestants in London, all of whom resided at the Bell in Gracechurch Street, and all of whom visited prisoners in the King's Bench. 1563, p. 1652, 1570, p. 2230, 1576, p. 1926, 1583, p. 2033.

Stephen Morris described William Punt in his confession as a writer of devilish and erroneous books. 1563, p. 1652, 1570, p. 2230, 1576, p. 1926, 1583, p. 2033.