Leading C4 Arian [Catholic Encyclopedia sub Julius I]
Bishop of Mursia, deposed by the Council of Sardica in 343; made a formal recantation to Julius I; reinstated
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 23; 1576, p. 18; 1583, p. 18.
Of unknown occupation. Of London.
Valentine Dingley was witness to the burning of a blind harpist's hand by Bonner. 1570, p. 2201, 1576, p. 1898, 1583, p. 2007.
(d. 1540) [Fines]
Freeman of York 1539; brother of Edward; imprisoned in 1534; arrested in 1540, burnt with his wife
Valentine Freese passed a file to the imprisoned Andrew Hewett to enable him to escape from the bishop's custody. 1563, p. 506; 1570, p. 1179; 1576, p. 1008; 1583, p. 1036.
Valentine secured the release from prison of his brother Edward after the death of Edward's wife. Valentine and his wife were burnt at the same stake in York. 1563, p. 495; 1570, p. 1168; 1576, p. 999; 1583, p. 1027.
(321 - 375) [W. E. Roberts www.roman-emperors.org]
Officer of the Praetorian guard; Roman emperor (364 - 75), named brother Valens emperor in the east
Valentinian decreed that no one should be buried within a church. 1570, p. 9, 1576, p. 8, 1583, p. 8.
Early martyr at Rome [Catholic Encyclopedia]
Legendary husband of St Cecilia; buried with her and Tiburtius
Valerian was said to have been converted to Christianity by Pope Urban I. 1570, p. 85; 1576, p. 58; 1583, p. 58.
(d. 260) [R. D. Weigel www.roman-emperors.org]
Commander under Decius; senator
Roman emperor (253 - 60); captured and killed by the Persians
In the early years of his reign, Valerian behaved favourably towards the Christians and the senate. 1570, p. 97; 1576, p. 68; 1583, p. 67.
Later, Valerian instigated a harsh persecution of the Christians. 1570, pp. 97-104; 1576, pp. 68-74; 1583, pp. 67-74.
Valerian was captured in battle by Shapur I and endured humiliations during his captivity before he was killed. 1570, p. 104; 1576, p. 74; 1583, p. 74.
In a letter to the Persian king Shapur II, Constantine I used the examples of Valerian and his son to illustrate that rulers prospered when they treated Christians well, but suffered ill fortune when they persecuted them. 1570, p. 137; 1576, p. 100; 1583, p. 99.
Reputed martyrs with Secundarius under Decius at Civitavecchia
Varianus and Marcellianus complained at the arrest of Secundarius, spat on the idols and were tortured and beheaded. 1570, p. 92; 1576, p. 64; 1583, p. 64.
Deputy Chamberlain of Chester
Vawdrey offered George Marsh a pardon if he would recant. 1563, p. 1122; 1570, p. 1738; 1576, p. 1484; 1583, p. 1567.
Reputedly executed by Severus Alexander for cheating
Turinus got bribes and gifts from people by pretending he had influence with the emperor. He was fastened to a stake and killed with smoke. 1570, p. 84; 1576, pp. 57-58; 1583, p. 57.
(9 - 79) [J. Donahue www.roman-emperors.org]
Soldier; invaded Britain in 43; suppressed Jewish revolt in 66
Roman emperor (69 - 79)
Vespasian and his son were responsible for the destruction of the Jews. 1570, p. 38; 1576, p. 31; 1583, p. 31.
The first persecution of the Christians ended under Vespasian. 1570, p. 44; 1576, p. 35; 1583, p. 35.
C2 governor in Africa [Paul Keresztes, 'The Constitutio Antoniniana and the Persecutions under Caracalla', American Journal of Philology, vol. 91, no. 4 (October, 1970), p. 448]
Vespronius Candidus took part in the persecution of the Christians under Severus. 1570, p. 79; 1576, p. 54; 1583, p. 54.
Reputed martyr at Lyons during the reign of Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus
The behaviour of Vetius Epagathus before the judge was an example to his fellow Christians. 1570, p. 69; 1576, p. 46; 1583, p. 46.
(d. 203) [Catholic Encyclopedia]
Young married noblewoman of Carthage; martyr
Perpetua was thrown to wild beasts and killed. 1570, p. 83; 1576, p. 57; 1583, p. 57.
(d. 253) [R. S. Moore www.roman-emperors.org]
Roman emperor (251 - 53) with his father Gallus; murdered with him by mutinous troops
There was no persecution of Christians during the reign of Volusianus and his father. 1570, p. 97; 1576, p. 68; 1583, p. 67.
(d. early C4); martyr with St Maurice
Victor was a retired soldier who refused to eat with those who had executed Maurice and his troops. He confessed to being a Christian and was murdered. 1570, p. 114; 1576, p. 81; 1583, p. 81.
Christians imprisoned c. 262; reputed martyrs
Victor and Victorinus were imprisoned for three years. 1570, p. 104; 1576, p. 74; 1583, p. 74.
(d. 198) [Kelly]
Pope (189 - 198) First Latin pope; changed the language of the mass in Rome from Greek to Latin
Victor excommunicated the eastern churches for failing to comply with the Roman observation of Easter, but was persuaded to reinstate them by Irenæus, the bishop of Lyons.1570, pp. 5, 81-82; 1576, pp. 4, 55-56; 1583, pp. 4, 55-53.
(c. 1018 - 1057) [Kelly]
Pope (1055 - 57) Nominated by Emperor Henry III
Swabian; son of Count Hartwig; bishop of Eichstaett (1042 - 57) Most influential councillor of Emperor Henry III; regent of Bavaria for Henry IV in 1053; reformer.
Victor II called a council at Florence, where the acts of the council of Vercelli were confirmed. Hildebrand was appointed papal legate to France. 1570, p. 1311; 1576, p. 1122; 1583, p. 1147.
Victor II deposed bishops for simony and fornication. 1563, p. 12.
Foxe says Victor was poisoned by Brazutus. 1563, p. 12.
(d. 304) [Catholic Encyclopedia sub Milan]
Martyr at Milan
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 111; 1576, p. 79; 1583, p. 79.
(d. early C4) Martyrs under Maximinus Daia.
They are mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 117; 1576, p. 84; 1583, p. 83.
(fl. 180) [Paul Keresztes,'The Constitutio Antoniniana and the Persecutions under Caracalla', American Journal of Philology, vol. 91, no. 4 (October, 1970), pp. 451-52]
Governor in Africa under whom the first African martyrdoms took place
Vigellius took part in the persecution of the Christians under Severus. 1570, p. 79; 1576, p. 54; 1583, p. 54.
(d. early C4) [Catholic Encyclopedia]
Deacon; martyr at Valencia, Spain
Vincent was racked, among other tortures, and then imprisoned in irons. 1570, p. 116; 1576, p. 92; 1583, p. 92.
Female, burglar. Of St Peter's Port, Guernsey.
On 27 May 1556 Vincent Gosset went to the house of Nicholas le Conronney at around 10pm and stole a silver cup. 1563, p. 1542, 1570, p. 2127, 1576, p. 1849, 1583, p. 1943.
She took the stolen silver cup to Perotine Massey, asking her to lend her sixpence against it. 1563, p. 1542, 1570, p. 2127, 1576, p. 1849, 1583, p. 1943.
Gosset was apprehended, examined and confessed to taking the goblet. 1563, p. 1542, 1570, p. 2127, 1576, p. 1849, 1583, p. 1943.
She was found guilty and sentenced to be whipped, her ear to be nailed to the pillory, and then to be banished from the island. 1563, p. 1542, 1570, p. 2127, 1576, p. 1849, 1583, p. 1943.
of Halden, Kent
Vincent Linche abjured in Kent in 1511. 1570, p. 1455; 1576, p. 1241; 1583, p. 1278.
(d. 1264) [Catholic Encyclopedia]
Dominican friar; French scholar; compiled encyclopedia of all knowledge
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, pp. 62, 68, 80, 88, 106; 1576, pp. 38, 45, 55, 61, 76; 1583, pp. 38, 45, 55, 60, 75.
C5 Christian writer in south Gaul [Catholic Encyclopedia]
Wrote Commonitorium
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 22; 1576, p. 17; 1583, p. 17.
Secretary to Nicholas Ormanet.
Vincent of Noally read out the commission from Pole to seek out heresy at the University of Cambridge. 1563, p. 1538, 1570, p. 2147, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1956.
He read aloud the commission, sent from Cardinal Pole, to inquest heresy upon the bodies of Bucer and Phagius. He then posted the university's condemnation. 1563, pp. 1537 [recte 1549]-1558 [recte 1570]
He caused the petition against Bucer and Phagius to be placed on the door of St Mary's church , at the common schools, and on the cross in the market place. 1563, p. 1538, 1570, p. 2147, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1956.
He published the second process against Bucer and Phagius on 18 January 1557. 1563, p. 1538, 1570, p. 2147, 1576, p. 1862, 1583, p. 1956.
Legendary missionary and martyr
Vincentius refused to sacrifice to the gods and was pressed to death with weights at Rome. 1570, p. 76; 1576, p. 52; 1583, p. 52.
Printer; founded the first paper-mill mid-C16 in Lucca; diplomat
Busdraghi printed a story about Thomas Cromwell and an Italian merchant written by Matteo Bandello. 1570, p. 1357; 1576, p. 1158; 1583, p. 1186.
(d. 610) [Catholic Encyclopedia]
Monk; abbot of Lérins; bishop of Arles (c. 588 - 610)
Pope Gregory I sent a letter to Virgilius, asking him to extend his help to Augustine and the other missionaries on their journey. 1570, p. 155; 1576, p. 116; 1583, p. 115.
(d. 672) [Kelly]
Pope (657 - 72)
Vitalian applied to the emperor to have his election approved before being consecrated. 1570, p. 1209; 1576, p. 1035; 1583, p. 1062.
Vitalian sent Theodore of Tarsus to be archbishop of Canterbury. 1570, p. 167; 1576, p. 125; 1583, p. 124.
C2 Christian martyred in Rome; called a son of Felicitas; martyred with her. [Catholic Encyclopedia sub Felicitas]
Vitalis was beheaded. 1570, p. 67; 1576, p. 44; 1583, p. 44.
(d. early C4) [Catholic Encyclopedia]
Vitalis was a slave converted to Christianity by his master, Agricola. Martyrs at Bologna.
Vitalis and Agricola made a pact to give their lives in martyrdom. Vitalis was martyred first, followed by Agricola, who was crucified. 1570, pp. 111, 117, 128; 1576, pp. 79, 84, 92; 1583, pp. 79, 83, 91-92.
(15 - 69) [J. Donahue www.roman-emperors.org]
Roman emperor (April -December 69); killed by Vespasian's troops
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 38; 1576, p. 31; 1583, p. 31.
Captain under Emperor Commodus (r. 180 - 92)
Vitellus arrested Vincentius, Eusebius, Peregrinus and Potentianus on the emperor's orders. He ordered them to sacrifice to the gods and, when they refused, had them beaten to death. 1570, p. 76; 1576, p. 52; 1583, p. 52.
Non-existent bishop of Carthage in the sixth century
Volusianus was thought by some to be the author of a letter also incorrectly attributed to Ulrich of Augsburg. 1570, pp. 1320-21; 1576, p. 1129; 1583, pp. 1154-56.
(fl. c. 540 [ODNB]
King of the Demetae
He is mentioned by Foxe: 1570, p. 152; 1576, p. 113; 1583, p. 112.
(fl. C5) [ODNB]
Ruler in Britain; reputed to be responsible for inviting the Anglo-Saxons into Britain
Vortigern caused Constans to be murdered, then sent for aid to the Anglo-Saxons and married Rowen, the daughter of Hengist. He was betrayed by the Anglo-Saxons. 1570, p. 148; 1576, p. 109; 1583, p. 108.
Vortigern was justly deposed by the British nobility and replaced with Vortimer. After Vortimer's death, he regained the throne. Through the trickery of Hengist and Rowen, his men were defeated in battle. He was captured and ransomed for all the major cities in the land. He fled into Wales and was killed by Ambrosius Aurelianus. 1570, p. 152; 1576, p. 114; 1583, p. 113.